1. 方法講解
英語句子是由“主干部分+三長兩短一并列”組成的。我們可把這個“三長兩短一并列”稱為構(gòu)成英語句子的“組件”。想要快速讀懂一個句子，就要快速識別并準(zhǔn)確譯出每一個組件，再按照一定的邏輯將一個個組件連接起來。這就是“組件分析三步法”。
Step 1: 做標(biāo)記
一般主語為名詞，后面肯定會有定語從句，介詞短語，非謂語等做后置定語，這時要把后置定語括起來，翻譯為“..的”。一般句子中隱藏的從句很多，此時應(yīng)注意只要有主謂就可構(gòu)成從句，就可括起來。
做標(biāo)記時應(yīng)按照上文中的方法，給“三長”加括號（或畫橫線），給并列詞加方框，給并列項劃下劃線。
【例句】 Li is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital f China. Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (f China).
Step 2: 做直譯
Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (f China). 翻譯時可先處理為：李是個老師。教什么的?教英語。在哪兒教?在北京。哪個北京?是那個首都。誰的首都?中國的首都。這樣整個句子的意思就一目了然了。

Step 3: 調(diào)語序
上面的英語句子可以翻譯成：“李是個在中國的首都北京教英語的老師。”或者“李是個老師，在中國的首都北京教英語。”
由于所舉例子比較簡單，所以上文中的Step2看起來或許有些多此一舉。其實不然?，F(xiàn)在我們來用一些高考題中出現(xiàn)過的長難句來試驗上述方法，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)理解長難句竟變得如此輕而易舉!
2. 高考真句演練
高考真句1
The Department f Agriculture has prgrams aimed at develping mre farmers and at in creasing interest in lcally grwn fd.
Step1: 做標(biāo)記
The Department (f Agriculture) has prgrams (aimed) (at develping mre farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in lcally grwn fd).
實際操作過程如下：
括號1：看到f，說明是介詞短語，該介詞短語到名詞Agriculture結(jié)束。
括號2：由于has是謂語動詞形式，所以可判定句中第二個出現(xiàn)的動詞aimed應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;由于該詞后面緊接著出現(xiàn)了介詞at，按照“一旦出現(xiàn)下一修飾成分，就果斷將上一修飾成分結(jié)束掉”的原則，我們將aimed用括號單獨括起來。
括號3：看到at，說明是介詞短語，該介詞短語到名詞farmers結(jié)束。
方框1：and是并列詞，該并列詞的后面緊接著是由at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，為右并列項，因此左并列項應(yīng)該同為at引導(dǎo)的介詞短語at develping mre framers。
括號4：看到in，說明是介詞短語，該介詞短語到名詞fd結(jié)束。
標(biāo)記結(jié)束后，主干已經(jīng)非常清晰了，即The Department has prgrams。
Step2: 做直譯
要理解這句話的意思，光知道主干還不夠，其他部分代表了關(guān)鍵的細節(jié)信息，需要對句子大致進行翻譯。根據(jù)“組件分析三步法”中所講解的，要按照句子語序，對被標(biāo)記后句子的每一小節(jié)挨個進行翻譯，翻譯時利用每小節(jié)的頭一個單詞進行提問和回答。The Department：這個部門;f Agriculture：什么的部門?農(nóng)業(yè)的部門;has prgrams：有什么?有計劃;aimed：針對什么的計劃?針對……;at develping mre farmers：針對發(fā)展更多的農(nóng)民;and：以及什么?at increasing interest：針對提高利潤;in lcally grwn fd：哪方面的利潤?本土出產(chǎn)的食物的利潤。根據(jù)提問和回答后，我們大概理解了這句話的意思：農(nóng)業(yè)部有針對發(fā)展更多農(nóng)民和提高本土出產(chǎn)食物的利潤的計劃。
Step3: 調(diào)語序
將句子語序調(diào)整后，得到更地道的譯文：農(nóng)業(yè)部已經(jīng)制定了相關(guān)計劃，以培養(yǎng)更多農(nóng)民和提高本土出產(chǎn)的食物的利潤。
高考真句2
If yu started t dry clthes in the mrning and frgt t take them ut, yu can g t yur phne and restart yur dryer fr the time when cme hme, s yur clthes are refreshed and ready t g.
Step1:做標(biāo)記
(If yu started) (t dry clthes) (in the mrning) and frgt (t take them ut), yu can g (t yur phne) and restart yur dryer (fr the time) (when cme hme), (s yur clthes are refreshed and ready) (t g).
具體標(biāo)記過程如下：
括號1：If引導(dǎo)了條件狀語從句，從if開始做標(biāo)記。
括號2：t dry clthes是非謂語中的不定式，故在t之前結(jié)束上一修飾成分。
括號3：in引導(dǎo)介詞短語，故結(jié)束上一修飾成分。該介詞短語標(biāo)記到名詞mrning結(jié)束。
方框1：and為并列連詞，緊跟其后的frgt是其右并列項，向前尋找結(jié)構(gòu)相似的左并列項，發(fā)現(xiàn)是started。
括號4：看見t，發(fā)現(xiàn)t yur phne為非謂語中的不定式，標(biāo)記到名詞phne結(jié)束。
方框2：and為并列連詞。緊跟其后的restart是其右并列項，向前尋找結(jié)構(gòu)相似的左并列項，發(fā)現(xiàn)是g。此處為謂語動詞并列。
括號5：fr the time為介詞短語，標(biāo)記到名詞time結(jié)束。
括號6：when cme hme為定語從句，標(biāo)記到逗號結(jié)束。
括號7：s引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
括號8：t g為不定式。
Step2: 做直譯
參照被標(biāo)記后的句子，按照句子語序一小節(jié)、一小節(jié)進行提問和回答。If yu started：如果什么?如果你開始;t dry clthes：去做什么?烘干衣服;in the mrning：在什么時候?在早上;and：而且什么?frgt：而且忘了;t take them ut：忘了做什么?把它們拿出來;yu can g：你可以去;t yur phne：去做什么?去(使用)你的電話;and;并做什么?restart yur dryer：并重啟你的烘干機;fr the time：為了什么?為了這個時間;when cme hme：當(dāng)什么時候?當(dāng)回家的時候;s yur clthes are refreshed and ready 這樣就怎么了?這樣你的衣服就被重新烘干并且準(zhǔn)備好了;t g：準(zhǔn)備好去做什么?去走(即已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好“出爐”了)。
Step3: 調(diào)語序
將譯文調(diào)整之后為：如果你早上開始烘干衣服并忘了把它們拿出來，那么你可以用手機重新啟動烘干機，這樣在你回到家的時候，衣服已經(jīng)重新烘干并可以取出來了。
3. 2024年高考長難句
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷 閱讀A
Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷 閱讀B
He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
2． After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths.
3．Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷 閱讀C
1． The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
2． Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷 閱讀D
1． These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?
2． Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
3． This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷七選五
1．It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷完形填空
Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure bredm f jgging, I decided that the nly reasn I’d ever run again is if a big dg was running after me!
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷語法填空
The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 閱讀A
1． The Carlw Autumn Walking Festival is a great pprtunity fr the beginner, experienced r advanced walker t enjy the challenges f Carlw’s muntain hikes r the peace f its wdland walks．
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 閱讀B
1． “Yu enter the fare gates (檢票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit — knwn as BART．
2． We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest．
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 閱讀C
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 閱讀D
1． She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI．
2． Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI - the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders - s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it．
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 七選五
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins.
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 完形填空
1． As a fdie, the way t my heart is thrugh my stmach, and nwhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy．
2． Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the prblems are frgtten nce yu sit dwn t a big meal with friends and family．
2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷 語法填空
Thse stable cultural legacies have brught Stratfrd internatinal visibility said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Shakespeare Birthplace garden were ften intrigued t find the cnnectin between thse tw literary giants.
2024全國甲卷 閱讀A
1．We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities．
2．Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Natural Histry t learn hw insects and ther invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft materials．
2024全國甲卷 閱讀B
1． That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like．
2． These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it’s been in their nature since the beginning f time．
2024全國甲卷 閱讀C
The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
2024全國甲卷 閱讀D
1． He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme．
2024全國甲卷 七選五
1． It actually takes a few minutes fr yur brain t tell yur bdy that it has had enugh fd, s eat slwly and stp eating befre yu feel full．
2． Studies suggest that eating nly when yu’re mst active and giving yur digestive system a lng break each day may help t regulate weight．
2024全國甲卷 完型填空
I guess ur different childhd backgrund is what makes my grandmther such an amazing persn t talk t: her stries always make my histry textbks cme alive.
2024全國甲卷 語法填空
1． They were part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there．
2． Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park - 2．2 millin acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12．3 millin acres．

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