2020-2022年新高考英語(yǔ)真題匯編專題08閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句（Word版附解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

2022年新高考卷I
1.Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes（ frm the previus class' lecture/discussin,）介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，it作形式主語(yǔ)，t take…是真正的主語(yǔ)。
2.Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk （t be cmpleted in class ）r shrt assignments （t be cmpleted at hme）, 此處為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的被動(dòng)。（bth f which will be graded.）。此處為定語(yǔ)從句
3.An essay（ nt submitted in class）（過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)） n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.
原文
A
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
B
1.Prducing fd （that n ne eats）此處為定語(yǔ)從句 wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces（ used t grw it.）此處為過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。
2.“Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r （whether…r…并列兩個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)）by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish （yu wn’t eat）此處為定語(yǔ)從句,” Curtin says.
原文
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
C
1.The elderly residents (居民)（ in care hmes in Lndn ）介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely. 此處是目的狀語(yǔ)。
2.Amng thse （taking part in the prject ）現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier.
原文
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
D
1. A grund-breaking, five-year study shws （that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds ）此處為賓語(yǔ)從句（that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages. ）此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾sunds.
2. Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted (that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties (that ate sfter fds.) 第一處that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
3.They discvered （that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊),）此處為賓語(yǔ)從句 making it hard t prduce labidentals,（現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth.（此處為定語(yǔ)從句）
原文
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
2022 年新高考卷II
B
1.We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls.（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）
2. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer（介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)） which was laded with clrful pictures(定語(yǔ)從句) that cme alive(定語(yǔ)從句) when yu pke them.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
原文
B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
C
1. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else（賓語(yǔ)從句） that is nt allwed（定語(yǔ)從句） under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
2."We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,（定語(yǔ)從句修飾bks）” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers.（定語(yǔ)從句）
原文
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
D
1.As we age（狀語(yǔ)從句）, even if we’re healthy,（狀語(yǔ)從句） the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be.（as…as…像…一樣）
2. Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64（形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)） wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy.（定語(yǔ)從句）
3. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）
原文
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無(wú)氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
2021年新高考卷I
B
1.He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.（分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾thse）
2. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.（定語(yǔ)從句）
原文
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva — nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
C
1. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades（定語(yǔ)從句） t decimate a large part f these resurces.（it takes …t d sth做某事花費(fèi)某人…）
2. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.(分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
3. Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)） — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.（作fact的同位語(yǔ)從句）
原文
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
D
1. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test,（定語(yǔ)從句） such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.”
2. We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as(describe…as…把…描述為) a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses.（定語(yǔ)從句修飾skills）
3. Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)） run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt,（what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句） the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.
4. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.（形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）
原文
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感) intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
2021 年新高考卷II
C
1. A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher（定語(yǔ)從句） will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
2. What will remain f us（主語(yǔ)從句） when artificial intelligence takes ver（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."（it is …that強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
原文
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (變革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
D
1. An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle（目的狀語(yǔ)）, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin（定語(yǔ)從句）that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades（定語(yǔ)從句） but is facing a labr shrtage.
2. Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle.
（it is adj t d …做…怎么樣）（find ++c發(fā)現(xiàn)…怎么樣）
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (標(biāo)簽) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (質(zhì)地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
2020 年新高考卷I
B
1. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family（目的狀語(yǔ)） while ding（省略句） smething she lves（定語(yǔ)從句）: nursing.
原文
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin(學(xué)費(fèi)), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t earn her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed(犧牲)t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. ''Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,'' she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
2020 年新高考卷II
C
By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad（賓語(yǔ)從句） it had ever been asked t carry.（定語(yǔ)從句）
原文
In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃動(dòng)）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（贊歌）t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles（航天飛機(jī)）Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
D
The humidity（濕氣）f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.（定語(yǔ)從句）
原文
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush（灌木叢）in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet-string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld's xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy（樹冠層）f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75%f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal-and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain-yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn't keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity（濕氣）f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.

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