推理判斷題包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長(zhǎng)難句來考查考生對(duì)語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。
1. 技巧思維導(dǎo)圖
2. 知識(shí)詳解
知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 ：推理判斷題分類
1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。
知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：推理判斷題（客觀）解題方法與技巧：
A.段落推理1
主：讀段落找關(guān)鍵句（推理分析）；輔：選項(xiàng)分析排除。
B.段落推理2
主：讀段落抓段中心（中心掛鉤）；輔：選項(xiàng)分析排除。
C.文章推理1
主：中心掛鉤法；輔：選項(xiàng)分析排除。
D.文章推理2
主：關(guān)鍵句分析；輔：選項(xiàng)分析排除。
知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：推理判斷題注意事項(xiàng)
1.內(nèi)容與原文一致，通常要淘汰。如果題目是推斷題，而某個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容卻與原文相同，那么這是與推斷的含義相悖的，所以要淘汰。
2.推理的結(jié)論不要偏離文章的過遠(yuǎn)，一步推出的結(jié)論最理想。
3.不要脫離文章的主線，與文章的主基調(diào)相符的結(jié)論最可靠。無論哪種題型，無論考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是主旨還是推斷，他們都不可能脫離文章的基調(diào)而存在。
4.客觀，不要受自己主觀意愿驅(qū)使。做推斷題要始終以原文為依托，緊緊地圍繞原文展開推理，圍繞原文來考慮對(duì)選項(xiàng)的取舍。
錯(cuò)誤原因總結(jié)：1. 主觀臆斷2. 缺乏邏輯3. 過度推理4. 缺乏常識(shí)
3. 選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
選項(xiàng)特征 ：
真題演練1：隱含推斷類
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出結(jié)論）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型
解題指導(dǎo)：
瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)
抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；
整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。
【高考真題典例】
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
27. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。
5. 真題演練2：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語等，如attitude（態(tài)度），utstanding（ 優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）, in favr f（贊成）, 迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰對(duì)誰”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向
關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)
注意作者或文中人物的措辭
分析修飾語和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；
牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語
【高考真題典例】
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。
6. 真題演練3：寫作意圖類
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告訴我們），write this passage t（寫這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。
解題指導(dǎo)：
根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖；
根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖
記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）；
應(yīng)用文：文章常對(duì)某事物或服務(wù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，使用具有明顯傾向性的語言（t sell, t attract, t persuade, t prmte...）
說明文：其寫作意圖依賴于對(duì)文章主題句的把握，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)主題句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）；
議論文：一般開頭提出某論點(diǎn)，中間進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論，寫作意圖常隱含于最后一部分中。
【高考真題典例】
Over the years Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
26. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
【答案】B
【詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.(這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。
7. 真題演練4：文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象類
鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：
根據(jù)設(shè)題方式迅速確定題型:
This passage wuld be mst likely t be fund in ．
The passage is prbably taken frm ．
Where des this text prbably cme frm?
Which sectin f a magazine is this passage prbably taken frm?
The text is intended fr ．
解題指導(dǎo)：
根據(jù)文章的話題和細(xì)節(jié)確定文章出處或?qū)懽鲗?duì)象
根據(jù)文章的體裁和內(nèi)容判斷文章的中心話題
廣告：語言簡(jiǎn)潔鮮明，有亮點(diǎn)；
報(bào)刊：時(shí)事性強(qiáng)，分不同板塊，高考中常以政治、生活的話題為主；
雜志：覆蓋生活各個(gè)層面，更貼近幕后，更貼近生活；
產(chǎn)品說明書：對(duì)某產(chǎn)品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介紹；
藥品說明：說明藥品的服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量、禁忌等；
網(wǎng)絡(luò)：文體不限，找到click here，dwnlad，up-lad，link，muse, surf等網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)志
【真題典例1】
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers這一活動(dòng)是為書籍這一日常物品辦的典禮，這里有來自世界各地博物館的近三百件藝術(shù)品)”以及第二段第一句“In this bk f bks”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本書。故選A。
【真題典例2】
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
21．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A textbk.B．An exam paper.C．A curse plan.D．An academic article.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C項(xiàng)。
8. 真題感悟
2025年1月浙江卷B
When I was a child I was ften tld what nt t eat. “Yu dn’t want t get fat” was n cnstant repeat thrughut my childhd. It really messed up my relatinship with fd — smething that tk me years t vercme. Because f this, I’m careful nt t cnnect what my kids weigh with their wrth as peple. I encurage my daughter t make healthy snack chices and ften dissuade (勸阻) her frm a secnd dessert. But ne day when I heard her saying “I think I’m t fat,” my heart sank. It made me wnder if giving her advice n snacks was having an unintentinally negative impact.
Accrding t Charltte Markey, a prfessr f psychlgy, fd is ne f the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is mre. “There are s many things in parenting that are gd t talk thrugh, but I’m nt cnvinced that fd is ne f them,” she says. “It just creates sme wrries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.”
Instead, she recmmends applying a well-knwn cncept amng nutritin experts called the “Divisin f Respnsibility,” where parents prvide a variety f mstly healthy fds t their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and hw much they want t cnsume — even if that means ccasinally eating mre ckies than carrts.
Allwing kids t eat what they want als expses them t the natural cnsequences f their decisins. “When yur child says, ‘My stmach hurts,’ yu can say, ‘Well yu had a lt f sugary fds and yu might feel better if yu made sme ther chices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have sme cntrl ver it.”
I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins. “Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey. “The fd yu have available makes a huge difference. Even if they dn’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all f a sudden it clicks.”
24. What can be inferred abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical f the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making fd. D. She is particular abut what she eats.
27. What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?
A. Cstly. B. Cmplex. C. Wrkable. D. Cntradictry.
24. B 推理判斷題題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，作者提到 “It really messed up my relatinship with fd” 可知，她對(duì)自己小時(shí)候接受的飲食方式持批評(píng)態(tài)度，故選B項(xiàng)。
27. C 推理判斷題。最后一段首句作者在文中提到 “I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins” 可知，這些策略是有效的，故選C項(xiàng)。
2025年1月八省聯(lián)考B
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds. just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns（草坪） t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine, greetIng cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
24. What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph?
A. He's pen-minded. B. He's sharp-eyed.
C. He's warm-hearted. D. He's strng-willed.
本文講述了一位深受社區(qū)居民愛戴的郵遞員Jim Jhnsn的工作經(jīng)歷和他退休時(shí)的感人故事，展現(xiàn)了郵遞員與社區(qū)之間的深厚紐帶。
C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball”可知，Jim不僅僅是送信，還熱心幫助鄰居做其他事情，比如搬運(yùn)雜貨、注意安全問題、提供園藝建議等，這表明他是一位熱心的人。故選C項(xiàng)。
2025年1月八省聯(lián)考D
Accrding t this research, the best time t exercise t imprve learning is fur hurs after studying. But why? That's ne questin the researchers have yet t answer. Anther questin left unanswered is the level f exercise that might best imprve learning. I've run enugh marathns t prve the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during r after a tugh wrkut. But the researchers nted that light wrkuts might nt give the brain enugh f a bichemical bst t imprve learning.
35. What might the authr's marathn running prve?
A. The findings f the study are reliable. B. Lng-distance runners are ften smart.
C. Studies n the marathn are nt enugh. D. Hard exercise may nt sharpen the brain.
本文介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，探索了運(yùn)動(dòng)與學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系，特別是運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)記憶力的影響以及何時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以最大化地幫助學(xué)習(xí)。
35. D 推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“I’ve run enugh marathns t prve the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during r after a tugh wrkut”可推測(cè)，作者用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)可能不會(huì)讓大腦變得更敏銳。故選D項(xiàng)。
2024年6月新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ卷B
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
27. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A. T prve Farber’s pint.B. T emphasize its imprtance.
C. T praise veterinarians.D. T advcate animal prtectin.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物，并取得了初步成效。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. ( 法伯確信，隨著時(shí)間的推移，綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來，美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)。)”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。
2024年6月新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ卷D
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏見，建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。
【32題詳解】
推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。)”可知，現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。
2024年6月新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ卷C
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。
2024年6月新課標(biāo)全國(guó)甲卷C
The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers — it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural (鄉(xiāng)村) ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins (區(qū)域) f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck (補(bǔ)給). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)每年提供為期10個(gè)月的巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù)，為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療，改善當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr's appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk. (俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)迫切需要現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問題的措施，特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，包括通過視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約，擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃，激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)行醫(yī)。) ”可以推斷，Krasnyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助，故選D。
【11題詳解】
推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，Ducke對(duì)Saint Lukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。
正確選項(xiàng)特征
解釋
同義替換
對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，成為正確選項(xiàng)
正話反說
把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。
語言簡(jiǎn)化
把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。
詞性或語態(tài)的變化
改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。
干擾項(xiàng)特征
解釋
曲解文意
即推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思的曲解。
張冠李戴
即把文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆在一起。題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是其他人的觀點(diǎn)；題干問的是其他人的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。
偷梁換柱
干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句意的改變。
無中生有
這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無相關(guān)的信息支撐點(diǎn)。其次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問題毫不相干。
魚目混珠
魚目混珠類型的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面含義代替其在文章特定語境中的具體含義。
擴(kuò)縮范圍
為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文意范圍的限定，有時(shí)通過加上almst, all, nearly, mre than, nrmally, usually等詞語對(duì)文意加以限制。“擴(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項(xiàng)中通過改變或去掉限制性詞語，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度
例詞
支持肯定
psitive (積極的)、supprtive (支持的)、ptimistic (樂觀的)
humrus(幽默的)、enthusiastic(熱情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；
中立
neutral (中立的)、bjective(客觀的)、nt mentined(未提及的)、
uninterested(不感興趣的)、indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；
否定反對(duì)
negative(否定的)、suspicius/skeptical(懷疑的)、disgusted(憎惡的)
critical(批評(píng)的)、disappinted(失望的)、disapprving(不贊成的)。

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