2025年高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練(新高考通用)專題14完形填空說明文(學(xué)生版+解析)-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略2
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題2
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題 PAGEREF _Tc148898654 \h 3
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題4
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 利用語境暗示分析法解題5
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 6
題型簡介
說明文是高考英語完形填空中的一種并不常考文體，其主要功能是介紹、解釋或說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理等。與記敘文相比，說明文的語言更加簡練、平實、準(zhǔn)確，通常采用客觀描述。文章主題明確，層次分明，作者通常在文章開頭就點明說明對象。
命題類型
詞匯選擇題：主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等實詞在具體語境中的運用。
邏輯關(guān)系題：考查考生對文章邏輯關(guān)系的理解，需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進行選擇。
語境理解題：要求考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇最合適的詞匯。
解題思路
抓住首句，明確說明對象：首句通常不設(shè)空，提供了文章的主題或說明對象，幫助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落關(guān)系：通讀全文，明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側(cè)面進行說明的，概括每一段的側(cè)重點，理清各段之間的關(guān)系。
弄清說明順序，把握文章脈絡(luò)：作者在說明過程中會選擇合理的說明順序（如時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序等），把握這些順序有助于理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。
關(guān)注語境和邏輯：在選擇答案時，要結(jié)合上下文的語境和邏輯關(guān)系，確保所選詞匯使文章意思通順、邏輯合理。
先易后難，逐步推進：先解決那些容易判斷的空格，再逐步處理較難的題目，避免在難題上耗費過多時間。
技巧一：利用語義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題
【題型詮釋】
復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段,它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫,有機地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況,理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。它包括：1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；2.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；3.反義復(fù)現(xiàn)；4.代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

該類題是完形填空中比較簡單的，也是送分題。要仔細(xì)閱讀，但是這些詞可能隱藏的比較深；上文可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔較遠(yuǎn)，因此要注意集中尋找這些暗示信息。
[示例] While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life，cllege sets the stage fr that explratin. I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better：I discvered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手語)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．frmal
[示例] Gd manners at mealtimes help yu and thse arund yu t feel 49 . This is true at hme as much as it is true in smene else’s hme r in a restaurant. Gd 50 make meals mre enjyable fr everyne at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmspheres D. friends
技巧二：利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題
【題型詮釋】
在完形填空中,我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯,它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索,可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。

考生在解答該類問題時，要善于把握與作者的寫作態(tài)度、感悟色彩相關(guān)的詞匯，特別是某些形容詞、副詞。這類題型主觀性較強，心理描寫較多。屬于較難的題目。
解該類題時，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計言簡練。
[示例] When men are held up tgether fr a lng perid, they begin t feel uneasy. Everyne has little habits f speaking and behaving that are rdinarily acceptable. In the limited space ver a lng perid f time, hwever, these little habits may becme very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．a(chǎn)nnying C．cmmn D．valuable
[示例]... gt me rck-bttm prices n airfares, cars, and htels. But her cld vice really 28 me.
28. A. annyed B. interested C. discuraged D. cnfused
技巧三：利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
【題型詮釋】
在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。從邏輯關(guān)系的高度整體上把握，就會不無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不縹緲，它就隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關(guān)系的方法，我們可以通過確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推測出來，從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項。這樣做，使得題目的難度大大降低。

這種邏輯關(guān)系包括：(1) 句中邏輯關(guān)系；(2)句間邏輯關(guān)系：往往通過轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、遞進、因果等明確的邏輯關(guān)系詞來體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然，句子的邏輯關(guān)系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內(nèi)部，它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上，在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。(3) 段間邏輯關(guān)系：這種邏輯關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。
[示例] Are yur table manners much better when yu are eating at a friend’s hme r in a restaurant than they are at yur wn hme? Prbably s, 45 yu are aware that peple judge yu by yur table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. thugh
[示例] As a French graduate wh has taught fr mre than twenty-five years, I believe I have sme idea f why the failure is s ttal. 55 the faults already fund ut in the educatin system as a whle — such as child-centered learning, the “discvery” methd, and the lw expectatins by teachers f pupils — there have been several serius 56 which have a direct effect n language teaching.
55. A. Due t B. In additin t C. Instead f D. In spite f
技巧四：利用語境暗示分析法解題
【題型詮釋】
在句組層次題中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題,即根據(jù)已知信息,推導(dǎo)出正確答案。完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查等，但對文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展線索的邏輯考查仍是重點。

暗示與上下對應(yīng)的思維方法，是突破此類完形填空最關(guān)鍵的思維方式?？忌谧鲱}時要有全局觀念，進行連貫性思維，做題時要把每個空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a bk, which discussed the idea f hw bdy chemistry and health can be damaged by emtinal stress and negative __47__. The bk made Cusins think abut the pssible __48__ f psitive attitudes and emtins.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. gals D. psitins
48. A. shrtcming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
[示例] When yu revise, yu change aspects f yur wrk in 54 t yur evlving purpse, r t include 55 ideas r newly discvered infrmatin.
55. A. fixed B. ambitius C. familiar D. fresh
（2022全國乙卷）
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut 41 smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies 43 .
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was 44 as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45 research results in child develpmental psychlgy 46 that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each 47 sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r 48 . We then asked the child if she culd 49 r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: 51 children said that they culdn’t 52 t her.
A number f 53 ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects 54 the questins and knew 55 what was asked f them. Their 56 t the questins reflected their true 57 that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd 60 when thers use it.
41. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
42. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
43. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
44. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
45. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
46. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
47. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
48. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
49. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
50. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
51. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
52. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
53. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins
54. A. cmprehendedB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
55. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly
56. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
57. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
58. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
59. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
60. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
(2018年上海高考)
When 17-year-ld Quattr Musser hangs ut with friends, they dn't drink beer r cruise arund in cars with their dates. 1 , they stick t G-rated activities such as rck- climbing r talking abut bks.
They are in gd cmpany, accrding t a new study shwing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had lng been seen as rites f passage int 2 . The study, published Tuesday in the jurnal Child Develpment, fund that the percentage f adlescents in the U. S. wh have a driver's license, wh have tried alchl, wh date, and wh wrk fr pay has plummeted since 1976, with the mst precipitus (急劇的) 3 in the past decade. The declines appeared acrss race, gegraphic, and sciecnmic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
T be sure, mre than half f teens still engage in these activities, but the 4 have slimmed cnsiderably. Teens have als reprted a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the prtin f high schl students wh have had sex fell frm 54 percent in 1991 t 41 percent in 2015, accrding t Centers fr Disease Cntrl statistics. u Peple say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are mre respnsible, r mre lazy, r mre bring, ' but they're 5 the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead authr f the study, which drew n seven large time-lag surveys f Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 6 in activities such as dating, driving r getting jbs because in tday's sciety, they n lnger need t.
Accrding t an evlutinary psychlgy thery that a persn's "life strategy" slws dwn r speeds up depending n his r her 7 , expsure t a "harsh and unpredictable" envirnment leads t faster develpment, while a mre resurce-rich and secure envirnment has the 8 effect, the study said. In the first 9 , "Yu'd have a lt f kids and be in survival mde, start having kids yung, expect yur kids will have kids yung, and expect that there will be mre 10 and fewer resurces, " said Twenge, a psychlgy prfessr at San Dieg State University wh is the authr f "iGen： Why Tday's Super- Cnnected Kids Are Grwing Up Less Rebellius, Mre Tlerant, Less Happy-and Cmpletely Unprepared fr Adulthd."
In that mdel a teenage by might be thinking mre 11 abut marriage, and driving a car and wrking fr pay wuld be imprtant fr “ establishing mate value based n prcurement f resurces," the study said. But America is shifting mre tward the 12 mdel, and the change is apparent acrss the sciecnmic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whse parents didn't have a cllege educatin. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need t be carefully 13 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 14 f 41 adult activities'' culd nt be attributed t mre hmewrk r extracurricular activities, the study said, nting that teens tday spend fewer hurs n hmewrk and the same amunt f time n extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exceptin f cmmunity service, which has risen slightly). Nr culd the use f smartphnes and the Internet be entirely the 15 , the reprt said, since the decline began befre they were widely available. If the delay is t make rm fr creative explratin and frming better scial and emtinal cnnectins, it is a gd thing, he said.
1．A．TherefreB．RatherC．MreverD．Besides
2．A．childhdB．neighbrhdC．a(chǎn)dlescentsD．a(chǎn)dulthd
3．A．escapesB．endsC．decreasesD．changes
4．A．minritiesB．majritiesC．massesD．a(chǎn)munts
5．A．takingB．a(chǎn)vidingC．sendingD．missing
6．A．interestedB．enviedC．relievedD．realized
7．A．emtinsB．surrundingsC．custmsD．habits
8．A．wrngB．sameC．ppsiteD．similar
9．A．eventB．issueC．caseD．ccasin
10．A．trubleB．questinsC．benefitsD．diseases
11．A．respectivelyB．delicatelyC．seriuslyD．cnsiderably
12．A．slwerB．betterC．smallerD．faster
13．A．emphasizedB．relatedC．rganizedD．educated
14．A．implementB．pstpnementC．a(chǎn)chievementD．payment
15．A．causeB．impactC．factD．result
A
（24-25高三上·山東·階段練習(xí)）China’s space explratin has nce again achieved a great success. The launch f the Shenzhu-19 spacecraft was a memrable mment fr all Chinese, marking the beginning f a new 1 in China’s space jurney.
The Lng March-2F rcket was the perfect 2 fr this imprtant missin with its impressive appearance and stable technlgy, and the astrnauts underwent 3 training.
At zer secnds, with everyne’s hearts 4 , the rcket sared int the sky, leaving a trail f fire and smke. Back n Earth, peple watched the launch n TV and 5 the astrnauts’ prgress thrugh live bradcast. The successful launch and peratin f the spacecraft 6 China’s ability t cmpete with the wrld’s leading space agencies.
During the missin, the astrnauts will have 7 tasks t accmplish. They will 8 scientific experiments and prepare fr future missins. They will als take time t enjy the beautiful 9 f Earth frm space. The Shenzhu-19 spacecraft is suppsed t 10 its missin after six mnths in space. The success f the missin will inspire many yung peple t pursue their dreams f becming astrnauts.
Since 2003, with each new missin, China has shwn its ability t 11 and push the bundaries f human knwledge. And with its strng scientific and technlgical 12 , China is sure t make greater achievements in the future.
The Shenzhu-19 missin is a cnstant 13 f China’s grwing influence in space explratin. It marks a new era in China’s space explratin and 14 the wrld’s attentin t the cuntry’s develpment. As China cntinues t prgress, we can nly imagine what the future hlds fr this 15 natin.
1．A．framewrkB．chapterC．mdeD．platfrm
2．A．ptinB．cmbinatinC．lcatinD．definitin
3．A．dramaticB．a(chǎn)ppealingC．flexibleD．demanding
4．A．beatingB．sinkingC．racingD．melting
5．A．fllwedB．dcumentedC．mnitredD．nticed
6．A．facilitatedB．identifiedC．clarifiedD．demnstrated
7．A．multipleB．urgentC．physicalD．risky
8．A．draw nB．carry utC．bring upD．deal with
9．A．imagesB．fieldsC．sightsD．figures
10．A．summarizeB．ccupyC．interruptD．cmplete
11．A．wnderB．innvateC．sustainD．a(chǎn)pply
12．A．expansinB．backgrundC．intrductinD．cmpetence
13．A．reminderB．warningC．peratinD．factr
14．A．referB．limitsC．a(chǎn)bsrbsD．cnnects
15．A．humbleB．pwerfulC．reliableD．generus
B
（24-25高三上·河南濮陽·階段練習(xí)）Mst wrthwhile careers require sme kind f specialized training. Ideally, the chice f an 16 shuld be made even befre the chice f the curriculum (課程) in high schl. 17 , many peple just have a few ideas buncing arund in their minds and mst peple make several jb chices during their wrking lives, 18 because f ecnmic and industrial changes and partly t imprve their psitins. Actually, the “perfect jb” des nt exist. Yung peple shuld enter int a brad flexible training prgram that will prepare them fr a field f wrk rather than just fr a single 19 .
Unfrtunately, many yung peple have t make career plans 20 getting prper help frm a cmpetent ccupatinal cunselr (置業(yè)顧問) r psychlgist. Knwing 21 abut the ccupatinal wrld, r themselves fr that matter, they chse their lifewrk n a hit-r-miss 22 . Sme drift frm jb t jb. Others 23 t a piece f wrk in which they are unhappy and fr which they are nt fitted.
One cmmn mistake is chsing an ccupatin fr its 24 prestige (聲望). T many high schl students—r their parents-chse a prfessinal field, 25 bth the relatively small percentage f wrkers in the prfessin and the extremely high educatinal and persnal 26 . The imaginary prestige f a prfessin is 27 gd reasn fr chsing it as a lifetime’s wrk. What’s wrse, these ccupatins are nt always well paid. Since a large percentage f jbs are mechanical and manual wrk, the 28 f yung peple shuld give serius 29 t these fields.
Befre making an ccupatinal chice, a persn shuld have a general idea f what he/ she wants ut f life and hw hard he/she is willing t wrk t get it. Sme peple desire scial prestige, thers intellectual satisfactin. Sme want security; thers are willing t take 30 fr financial gain. Each ccupatinal chice has its demands as well as its rewards. S, yu must be careful r d sme career aptitude tests befre making the final chice t get a head start.
16．A．identificatinB．a(chǎn)ccmmdatinC．entertainmentD．ccupatin
17．A．OtherwiseB．HweverC．ThusD．Therefre
18．A．thrughlyB．mainlyC．usuallyD．partly
19．A．meansB．jbC．taleD．certificate
20．A．withutB．viaC．withD．thrugh
21．A．littleB．mreC．muchD．less
22．A．chanceB．purpseC．basisD．mixture
23．A．a(chǎn)pplyB．a(chǎn)ppealC．a(chǎn)ccuseD．stick
24．A．imaginaryB．inspiratinalC．generusD．greedy
25．A．cncerningB．fllwingC．ignringD．cnsidering
26．A．priritiesB．requirementsC．tendenciesD．a(chǎn)mbitins
27．A．neB．a(chǎn)nyC．theD．n
28．A．majrityB．chrusC．minrityD．number
29．A．prpsalB．prfileC．a(chǎn)pprvalD．cnsideratin
30．A．turnsB．partsC．risksD．chices
C
（24-25高三上·黑龍江大慶·期中）During the Nv. 11 shpping event, many peple tend t buy mre than they need because f sales and prmtin r just a plain urge. But what nrmally 31 the shpping madness is nt 32 but regret. That’s because many peple just buy things t fill the emptiness in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 33 the burden in their minds.
The cncept f Danshari may prvide a(n) 34 t the prblem. Danshari is based n three Chinese characters, duan she li, 35 refusal, dispsal and separatin. It prmtes the idea f remving 36 things and separating neself frm the drive t wn 37 pssessins. There are tw basic rules that 38 whether yu shuld keep smething — the relatinship between yu and the item under 39 as well as the timing. S befre yu 40 yur payment passwrd fr smething, ask yurself tw questins: D I need it nw? Des it suit me?
Danshari encurages yu nt nly t 41 things, but t give up the unreasnable desire assciated with wning them. Nwadays, peple need t learn t 42 their daily lives. Buy nly the necessities and suitable items, regularly 43 things yu dn’t need any mre, and then yu’ll get freedm in yur heart.
Hwever, it desn’t mean that yu shuld kill yur desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, yu shuld 44 yurself rather than material gds. Thrugh 45 what t buy and what t thrw away, yu can see a deeper reflectin f yurself, therefre learning t make wise decisins abut mre imprtant things.
31．A．preventsB．prmtesC．startsD．fllws
32．A．satisfactinB．wealthC．reliefD．expectatin
33．A．measuresB．cversC．relievesD．indicates
34．A．limitB．a(chǎn)lternativeC．slutinD．intrductin
35．A．a(chǎn)blishingB．meaningC．vilatingD．predicting
36．A．unnecessaryB．tempraryC．usedD．updated
37．A．privateB．valuableC．materialD．ppular
38．A．prveB．permitC．decideD．a(chǎn)ffect
39．A．guaranteeB．cntrlC．discussinD．cnsideratin
40．A．changeB．enterC．prvideD．create
41．A．get verB．get alng withC．get rid fD．get thrugh
42．A．fixB．riskC．enrichD．simplify
43．A．discverB．recycleC．cherishD．a(chǎn)bandn
44．A．reflect nB．fcus nC．give upD．cheer up
45．A．chsingB．a(chǎn)vidingC．cmparingD．mentining
D
（24-25高三上·河北邯鄲·階段練習(xí)）Every mrning at 4:30 a.m., Yang He, a 64-year-ld phtgrapher, wakes up in the 46 hurs and drives t the banks f the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei prvince. Upn arrival, he patiently waits there fr finless prpises (江豚) t cme ut frm the water, hping t 47 their beauty.
As a devted 48 f finless prpises, Yang has taken mre than 100,000 vivid phts f the 49 species in the past six years. “I knw this grup f finless prpises very 50 . They are just like my children,” he says.
Yangtze finless prpises are s cnnected t the Yangtze River that any change in the health f it can supprt r threaten their 51 . “I first 52 a finless prpise as a teenager when there were far fewer bats n the River. I wuld 53 see them pursuing bats as they made their way dwn the river,” Yang says, adding that as human activity increased, they becme rare.
Over the past few decades, hwever, significant measures have been 54 t change the fate f this species. In 2017, Yang was frtunate enugh t spt a finless prpise after a lng 55 . Over the last five years alne, the ppulatin f Yangtze finless prpises has increased t 1,249, marking a 56 f 23.4 percent. Tday, grups f these creatures can nce again be 57 leaping abve the water’s surface.
“I will cntinue t take mre beautiful phts f them as lng as I am able t 58 a camera and keep a(n) 59 n them,” Yang says, adding that he will make it his life’s missin t 60 these remarkable creatures.
46．A．fficeB．smallC．bigD．rush
47．A．reflectB．inquireC．phtgraphD．justify
48．A．a(chǎn)dmirerB．specialistC．keeperD．subscriber
49．A．mtivatedB．endangeredC．ccupiedD．caged
50．A．furtherB．slightlyC．littleD．well
51．A．cmprehensinB．weightC．survivalD．visin
52．A．picturedB．trainedC．reservedD．encuntered
53．A．frequentlyB．rarelyC．ccasinallyD．never
54．A．called ffB．carried utC．put asideD．gt acrss
55．A．referenceB．inquiryC．gapD．inference
56．A．declineB．tendencyC．shareD．rise
57．A．justifiedB．expectedC．bservedD．dminated
58．A．hldB．a(chǎn)bandnC．deserveD．plish
59．A．paceB．earC．secretD．eye
60．A．a(chǎn)dvcateB．dcumentC．transfrmD．dnate

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多