
7. n.祝賀,慶賀8.cnnect ?9. n.保存;(自然資源的)保護(hù)10.cnsider ?11. v.包含,組成,構(gòu)成12.cnstant ?13. v.構(gòu)筑;建造,建設(shè)14.cnsume ?15. v.與……商量;咨詢;請教
cngratulatin
v.連接,把……聯(lián)系起來
cnservatin
v.考慮;細(xì)想,認(rèn)為;把……看作
adj.不變的;固定的;經(jīng)常的;不斷的
v.消耗,耗費(fèi)(燃料、能量、時(shí)間等)
16.be tired f ?17. 習(xí)慣(做)某事 18.be wrth ding ?19. 屬于,是……的成員
be used t (ding) sth.
Ⅱ.閱讀理解第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGrading Plicies fr Intrductin t LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Belw 60,E.Essays(60%)Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%.
Grup Assignments(30%)Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments(作業(yè)) during the curse.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard,ur nline learning and curse management system.Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/ Hmewrk (10%)Class activities will vary frm day t day,but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class’ lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class.Additinally,frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late WrkAn essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zer.Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer.Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted. (2022年全國卷Ⅰ)
( )1.Where is this text prbably taken frm? A.A textbk.B.An exam paper.C.A curse plan.D.An academic article.
本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法。 1.C [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題Essays(60%) Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.可知,本文是介紹文學(xué)概論課程這門學(xué)科,是一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C。]
( )2.Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?A.Tw.B.Three.C.Fur.D.Five.
2.B [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Essays(60%)”“Grup Assignments(30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk(10%)”可知,學(xué)生的成績由這3部分組成的。故選B。]
( )3.What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?A.Yu will receive a zer.B.Yu will lse a letter grade.C.Yu will be given a test.D.Yu will have t rewrite it.
3.A [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)小標(biāo)題中的第二句If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zer.可知,如果在截止日期后四天才交,將會給零分。故選A。]
BLike mst f us,I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad,runding ut a rast chicken dinner.But I ended up wrking late.Then friends called with a dinner invitatin.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even wrse,I had unthinkingly bught way t much;I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry.It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly”(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water,fuel,and ther resurces used t grw it.That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem.In fact,Ryte writes,“if fd waste were a cuntry,it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”If that’s hard t understand,let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr.Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him,it’s mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn,D.C.,which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals.Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields.And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash,cut,and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius,yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste,whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(2022年全國卷Ⅰ)
( )4.What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A.We pay little attentin t fd waste.B.We waste fd unintentinally at times.C.We waste mre vegetables than meat.D.We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
本文是一篇說明文,介紹日常生活中的食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象和Mike Curtin為解決這一問題做的努力。 4.B [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad.Even wrse,I had unthinkingly bught way t much;culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.”句意:但隨著一天天過去,芝麻菜變質(zhì)了。更糟糕的是,我不假思索地買了太多;我扔掉的都可做六份沙拉了??芍?作者想用芝麻菜這個(gè)故事來說明有時(shí)人們會不經(jīng)意間就浪費(fèi)了食物。故選B。]
( )5.What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?A.Mral decline.B.Envirnmental harm.C.Energy shrtage.D.Wrldwide starvatin.
5.B [事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二第三句“That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem.In fact,Ryte writes,”“if fd waste were a cuntry,it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”句意:那會造成食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題。其實(shí)Ryte在文中寫道,“假設(shè)食物浪費(fèi)是一個(gè)國家,它會成為世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?!薄S纱丝芍?浪費(fèi)食物就會造成環(huán)境危害。故選B。]
( )6.What des Curtin’s cmpany d?A.It prduces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.C.It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D.It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
6.D [事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段最后三句“Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce,that therwise wuld have rtted in fields.And the strawberries?Vlunteers will wash,cut,and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.”句意:去年,它通過接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,回收了超過807500磅的食物,否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就會爛在地里。至于草莓?志愿者們通過清洗、切割、冷凍或曬干制成能在路上使用的餐食??芍?Curtin的公司用回購那些人們不想要的食物來制作食物。故選D。]
( )7.What des Curtin suggest peple d?A.Buy nly what is needed.B.Reduce fd cnsumptin.C.G shpping nce a week.D.Eat in restaurants less ften.
7.A [事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Everyne can play a part in reducing waste,whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat.”句意:每個(gè)人都能通過減少浪費(fèi)起到一定作用,無論是每周不要購買多于必要的食物,還是在餐館叫不完吃的配菜。可知,Curtin建議人們只買需要的東西。故選A。]
CThe elderly residents(居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity(慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing.It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia,a serius illness f the mind.Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier.She said:“I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl.” “I like the prject a lt.I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus.Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them.I’m enjying the creative activities,and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East,and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.Wendy Wilsn,extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street,ne f the first t embark n the prject,said:“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins.We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”?Lynn Lewis,directr f Ntting Hill Pathways,said:“We are happy t be taking part in the prject.It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (2022年全國卷Ⅰ)
( )8.What is the purpse f the prject?A.T ensure harmny in care hmes.B.T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.C.T raise mney fr medical research.D.T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述一個(gè)減少老人孤獨(dú)和提高他們的福利的項(xiàng)目?!?.D [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)短文第二段第一句“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity(慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing.”句意:本項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)出來的,旨在減少老人的孤獨(dú)和提高他們的福利。由此次可知,本項(xiàng)的目的是為了提高老人的幸福。故選D。]
( )9.Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life skills.B.She has gained a sense f achievement.C.She has recvered her memry.D.She has develped a strng persnality.
9.B [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)短文第五段最后一句“I’m enjying the creative activities,and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”句意:我享受這些創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng),感覺做些有用的事情很棒。可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目給Ruth Xavier帶來了成就感。故選B。]
( )10.What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in Paragraph 7?A.Imprve.B.Oppse.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.
10.C [詞義猜測題。根據(jù)短文第七段Wendy Wilsn 說的內(nèi)容: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins.We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”句意:居民們真的歡迎這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主意和創(chuàng)新性的活動(dòng)。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣。又根據(jù)劃線詞匯前的ne f the first 首批之一??芍猈endy Wilsn是開始著手這項(xiàng)工程的元老之一。故選C。]
( )11.What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?A.It is well received.B.It needs t be mre creative.C.It is highly prfitable.D.It takes ages t see the results.
11.A [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)短文第七段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins.”句意:居民們真的歡迎這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主意和創(chuàng)新性的活動(dòng)。和最后一段“We are happy t be taking part in the prject.It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”句意:我們非常高興參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它真的會通過分享興趣和創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來??芍?這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的反響很好,得到了居民們的認(rèn)可和接受。故選A。]
DHuman speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds,frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages.But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking,five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.Mre than 30 years ag,the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals,such as “f” and “v”,were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds.Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland,has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(對齊),making it hard t prduce labidentals,which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth.Later,ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(結(jié)構(gòu)),making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid.Fd became easier t chew at this pint.The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age,with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years.These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings,but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran,a member f the research team.(2022年全國卷Ⅰ)
( )12.Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?A.Its variety. B.Its distributin. C.Its quantity. D.Its develpment.
本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹飲食的改變導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)存世界語言有一半出現(xiàn)了新的語音?!?2.D [事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich,Switzerland,has fund hw and why this trend arse.”句意:現(xiàn)在,瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的Damian Blasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一隊(duì)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢是如何產(chǎn)生以及為什么會產(chǎn)生。可知Damian Blasi的研究聚焦在語言的發(fā)展趨勢上即發(fā)展過程中。故選D。]
( )13.Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?A.They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.B.They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.C.Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.D.Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
13.C [事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard t prduce labidentals,which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth.”句意:他們發(fā)現(xiàn),古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的,因此發(fā)唇齒音很難,唇齒音是通過下唇觸碰上牙齒發(fā)出來的??芍?是因?yàn)楣湃说纳舷慢X結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C。]
( )14.What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A.Supprting evidence fr the research results.B.Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C.A further explanatin f the research methds.D.A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
14.A [主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed...”對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實(shí)……可知,本段通過數(shù)據(jù)分析也能證明研究結(jié)果。故選A。]
( )15.What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?A.It is key t effective cmmunicatin. B.It cntributes much t cultural diversity.C.It is a cmplex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evlutin f human beings.
15.C [事實(shí)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings,but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin.”句意:自從有了人類,我們使用的語音不必一成不變,我們?nèi)缃癜l(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音是諸如生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜的相互作用的產(chǎn)物。可知,故選C。]
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 FrgivenessT frgive is a virtue,but n ne has ever said it is easy.When smene has deeply hurt yu,it can be extremely difficult t let g f yur hate.Hwever,frgiveness is pssible,and it can be surprisingly beneficial t yur physical and mental health.Peple wh frgive shw less sadness,anger and stress and mre hpefulness,accrding t a recent research. 16 Try the fllwing steps:?Calm yurself. 17 Yu can take a cuple f breaths and think f smething that gives yu pleasure:a beautiful scene in nature,r smene yu lve.?
Dn’t wait fr an aplgy.Many times the persn wh hurt yu des nt intend t aplgize.They may have wanted t hurt yu r they just dn’t see things the same way. 18 Keep in mind that frgiveness des nt necessarily mean becming friends again with the persn wh upset yu.?Take the cntrl away frm yur ffender(冒犯者).Rethinking abut yur hurt gives pwer t the persn wh causes yu pain.Instead f fcusing n yur wunded feelings,learn t lk fr the lve,beauty and kindness arund yu. 19 If yu understand yur ffender,yu may realize that he r she was acting ut f unawareness,fear,and even lve.Yu may want t write a letter t yurself frm yur ffender’s pint f view.?Dn’t frget t frgive yurself. 20 But it can rb yu f yur self-cnfidence if yu dn’t d it.?
A.Why shuld yu frgive?B.Hw shuld yu start t frgive?C.Recgnize the benefits f t see things frm yur ffender’s sme peple,frgiving themselves is the biggest make yur anger die away,try a simple stress-management yu wait fr peple t aplgize,yu culd be waiting an awfully lng time.
本文為說明文。主要講原諒冒犯你的人對你的身心健康大有裨益,但是該如何去原諒他們呢?可以通過以下幾個(gè)步驟:使自己冷靜下來;不要等待他人道歉;擺脫冒犯者對你的控制;從冒犯者的角度看問題以及原諒自己。16.B [本句起到承上啟下的作用,根據(jù)“Try the fllwing steps...”可知答案,B項(xiàng)以問句的形式引出下文。]17.F [F項(xiàng)中的“make yur anger die away”與“calm yurself”意思一致。]
18.G [從本段可以看出,不要等待他人道歉。因?yàn)樵S多時(shí)候傷害你的人就沒有打算道歉,他們也許故意想要傷害你或者是和你看問題的方式不同,如果等待他人道歉,就會等相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間。G項(xiàng)中的“wait fr peple t aplgize”與本段標(biāo)題一致。]19.D [根據(jù)“If yu understand yur ffender”以及“frm yur ffender’s pint f view”可看出,本段標(biāo)題為D項(xiàng),即“從冒犯者的角度看問題”。]20.E [本段標(biāo)題為“不要忘記原諒自己”與E項(xiàng)中的“frgiving themselves”一致,正好能連接。]
Ⅲ.語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下列材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland.While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence 1 they range all the way acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 2 (pr) studied;hwever,bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000—25,000 plar bears wrldwide.?
Mdern methds 3 tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4 . (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 5 (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements,leading t a 6 (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.Scientists have respnded by 7 . (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,leading t the illusin(錯(cuò)覺) that ppulatins are 8 . (high) than they actually are.Of 9 nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins,three are declining,six 10 (be) stable, ne is increasing,and nine lack enugh data.(2019年新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ)?
1.that [考查名詞性從句??蘸缶渥映煞滞暾?故此處為同位語從句,用that連接。]2.prly [考查形容詞變副詞。此空修飾后面的studied,故用副詞形式。]3.f/fr [考查介詞。methd后接f 或fr 表示某種問題的解決辦法。]4.t perfrm [考查動(dòng)詞不定式用法。expensive形容詞后接不定式形式做狀語。]5.have reprted [考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。主語是sme Inuit peple復(fù)數(shù),句首的In recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故用have reprted。]
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