作業(yè)06 主要時態(tài)的被動態(tài)
積累運(yùn)用
主要時態(tài)的被動態(tài)
注意：
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的標(biāo)志性詞或者固定用法。
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時：常見的標(biāo)志性詞或短語有s far, until nw, up t nw, till nw, in/ver the last/past+段時間，these days, by nw …
用于結(jié)構(gòu)It has been/is+時間段+since…
(2)過去完成時：常見的標(biāo)志性詞或短語有by+過去時間, by the time, befre, when…
①用于結(jié)構(gòu)It was the +序數(shù)詞+time that…在that引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去完成時。
②用于結(jié)構(gòu)Hardly/Scarcely…when…和N sner…than…結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly, scarcely以及n sner后謂語動詞用過去完成時，when，than后面用一般過去時。表示“一…就…”
③表示意向的動詞，如hpe, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppse等使用過去完成時，并非表達(dá)過去的過去，而是表達(dá)對過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)動作的遺憾，表示“本…”。
④用于虛擬語氣中，與過去事實(shí)相反的結(jié)構(gòu)中。
與過去事實(shí)相反時，if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞用過去完成時had dne, 主句謂語動詞用wuld/culd/shuld/might + have dne。類似的虛擬語氣用法還包括wish, as if。
根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給的詞，完成下面的句子。
By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment__________(finish) .
2. The ancient building whse rf was badly damaged in the rainstrm _________(repair) nw.
3. Bth learning sites _______________ (visit) by ver 10, 000 peple since last year.
4. She returned hme and fund all the furniture_______________ (destry) by the fld.
5. Many new inventins _____________ (exhibit) in the museum at this time last year.
6. It was reprted that the sale_____________(advertise) fr several weeks.
7. Hardly ________ the frnt dr __________(pen) when we culd smell smething burning.
8. Tm was tld that his teammate wn the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team dctr.
9. After all the preparatins _______________(make), the exciting half-marathn began.
10. It was his strng cmmunicatin skills which ____________(shw) in the interview that finally wn his psitin as the sales manager in this area.
11. At present the huse _____________(paint) by sme wrkers, s they cannt live here nw.
12. The new suspensin bridge ________(design) by the end f last mnth.
13. --- Hw was yur weekend, Bella?
--- Awful! It was the first time I __________(leave) alne at hme, bred t death.
14. My car _____________________ (clean) by my sn at ten yesterday mrning.
15. He ___________(refuse) many times since he ffered his CV.
一、閱讀選擇
A
Accrding t cgnitive scientist Ben Gertzel, the wrld is experiencing a histric mment in artificial intelligence (AI) technlgy. Gertzel acknwledges that there is plenty f hype (炒作) surrunding the technlgy but believes that the new large language mdels that pwer generative AI have the ptential t change the wrld.
Gertzel believes that generative AI mdels — like the ne that pwers ChatGPT-have the ptential t replace many tasks currently perfrmed by human wrkers. Fast-fd wrkers and news cpy editrs, fr example, are impacted by AI.
“Tls like Grammarly decrease the need fr human editrs,” Gertzel said. “They dn’t entirely eliminate the jb but they decrease that need. Autmatic tls can be used fr writing jurnalistic articles. They’ve been writing. . . sprts scre summaries and weather reprts fr a lng time.”
Despite this, he identifies tw main areas AI will nt replace: jbs that rely n human interactin and require grundbreaking creativity.
“S ne class f things that wn’t be eliminated are jbs where the essence is human cntact,” like preschl teachers, plitical strategists, and artists.
Generative AI chatbts are s pwerful that it’s difficult t avid wndering whether the system is cnscius.
Gertzel says it desn’t matter.
“I dn’t think we need t reslve the pen questins in the philsphy f cnsciusness t build human-level r even superhuman thinking machines,” he said. “But I think we can make these questins feel irrelevant.”
Gertzel’s insights pen a dr t understanding the future f AI, and his ptimism abut the ptential f AI t revlutinize the wrld serves as a pwerful reminder f the impact AI may have n sciety. Whether viewed with excitement r cautin, the advancements in AI will surely cause deep thught and discussin fr years t cme.
1．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Remve.B．Repeat.C．Imprve.D．Slve.
2．Wh are likely t be replaced by AI accrding t Ben Gertzel?
A．Artists.B．Fast-fd wrkers.
C．Preschl teachers.D．Plitical strategists.
3．What is Gertzel’s attitude tward a superhuman thinking machine?
A．He likes it.B．He thinks it puzzling.
C．He desn’t accept it as part f his life.D．He suggests putting its philsphical questins aside.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Wrld-Changing Breakthrugh in AIB．The Ptential f AI in Fast-fd Industry
C．Ben Gertzel’s Opinins n the Impact f AID．The Advancements in Generative AI
B
I have spent the last few mnths with Yang, my new dg, ne I am c-raising t be a service dg. He will stay with me fr 14 mnths r s. If he prves t be gd enugh, he will be sent t the guide dg schl fr further training and eventually becme a seeing-eye dg.
Dgs help peple in lts f ways, but service dgs are different frm wrking dgs, therapy (治療) dgs, and emtinal supprt animals. Service dgs are trained t d specific tasks fr peple with disabilities. They can pull wheelchairs, get medicine, remind yu t take yur medicine, help keep yu stable while walking, and alert (警示) yu t imprtant sunds r dangerus things in yur way. Service dgs have lts f different skills, depending n the disability they are trained fr.
N matter hw yu get a service dg, they usually g thrugh a tugh training prgram with an experienced trainer. In the last mnth f training, the service dg spends time with yu and the instructr. The instructr teaches the dg t help yu, and tells yu hw t cmmand, handle, and care fr the dg.
Service dgs need beying skills and ther very special skills. When yu think abut hw t get a service dg, cnsider finding ne with relevant characters. They shuld be calm, be able t learn and hld nt infrmatin. T train a service dg, yu shuld start with basic skills like fcusing n yu, ignring disturbing factrs and being able t stay n task in new places with new peple, smells, and animals.
It’s imprtant t keep yur dg healthy s that they can best help yu. Give yur dg access t plenty f fresh water and a balanced diet, and keep their vaccinatins (疫苗) updated. Yearly visits t the vet are als imprtant t make sure yu catch any changes in yur dg’s health.
5．Why des the authr mentin Yang in paragraph 1?
A．T shw his emtins.B．T present a mystery.
C．T describe his daily life.D．T intrduce the main tpic.
6．Wh is advised t keep a service dg?
A．A healthy animal lver.B．A persn with sight disability.
C．A persn requiring emtinal supprt.D．A pliceman perfrming a special task.
7．Which f the fllwing is amng the basic skills fr a service dg?
A．Helping the wner t remain calm.
B．Learning t analyzing infrmatin.
C．Fcusing n disturbing surrundings.
D．Handling different situatins and areas.
8．What is the suitable title f the text?
A．Caring fr AnimalsB．Helping the Disabled
C．Keeping a Service DgD．Training a Special Dg
二、完形填空
Dan Price was the CEO f Gravity Payments, a financial services cmpany. One day, he fund ut a friend was struggling 9 . The cst f living in Washingtn is 10 , and she just culdn’t make ends meet n her salary. Hwever, Dan was already earning $ 1.1 millin a year. He realized hw 11 it was that he had s much while the peple wrking under him were struggling.
This pint was driven hme when he 12 a McDnald’s handbk n the desk f emplyee Rsita Barlw. When asked, Rsita burst int tears and 13 that after she left wrk at Gravity, she went straight t her shifts (輪班) at McDnald’s. Sme nights, she even std 14 at the lcal fd bank.
That’s when Dan decided t d smething t stp incme 15 in his cmpany. In 2015, he cut his wn pay by 90%, mrtgaging (抵押) his tw huses, and 16 his stcks and savings s that he culd 17 every single emplyee’s pay t $ 70,000 a year!
Mre than a third f his emplyees saw their 18 duble. Sme feared prductivity wuld decline if everyne was earning mre, but the 19 turned ut t be true. Dan’s emplyees began t truly thrive (奮發(fā)) nce the stress f making ends meet was 20 frm their everyday lives. Emplyees like Rsita were finally able t quit their secnd jbs and 21 their wrk, actually increasing 22 .
When COVID 19 hit the U. S, Dan’s cmpany 23 financial difficulties. But what the emplyees decided 24 Dan! They chse t take a vluntary pay 25 f between 5% and 100% t keep Gravity ging 26 . The pay cuts wrked! Gravity was able t 27 frm the ecnmic dwnturn, and they recently restred all salaries t their pre-pandemic amunt.
As the saying ges, a rising tide lifts all bats! Dan treated his emplyees well. And when it was their turn t 28 him, they didn’t let him dwn!
9．A．pliticallyB．financiallyC．physicallyD．emtinally
10．A．reasnableB．predictableC．highD．lw
11．A．unfairB．strangeC．challengingD．harmful
12．A．frgtB．cmpsedC．discveredD．reviewed
13．A．insistedB．a(chǎn)rguedC．suggestedD．a(chǎn)dmitted
14．A．in peaceB．in lineC．in demandD．in relief
15．A．inequalityB．grwthC．creditD．limit
16．A．lking intB．taking verC．giving upD．shwing ff
17．A．earnB．raiseC．cllectD．reduce
18．A．marketB．creativityC．salariesD．csts
19．A．ppsiteB．sameC．fllwingD．first
20．A．separatedB．returnedC．hiddenD．remved
21．A．pass dwnB．fcus nC．break dwnD．talk abut
22．A．requirementB．cmpetitinC．riskD．prductivity
23．A．sufferedB．escapedC．cncludedD．caused
24．A．disappintedB．a(chǎn)stnishedC．frightenedD．a(chǎn)mused
25．A．serviceB．rewardC．checkD．cut
26．A．publicB．freeC．strngD．quiet
27．A．recverB．changeC．learnD．benefit
28．A．inviteB．respectC．imprveD．repay
拓展突破練
1. (2023年全國甲卷.閱讀理解B篇) Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk _____________(reward) with ￡5 in pcket mney.
2. (2023年全國甲卷.閱讀理解D篇)As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they _____________(nt see) in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
3. (2023年全國甲卷.語法填空) Carsn prves that a simple literal frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ____________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
4. (2023年全國乙卷.閱讀理解C篇)It ____________(reprt) that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way.
5. (2023年北京卷.閱讀理解A篇)Each week, participants _____________(ask) t cmplete a tpic﹣specific reflectin task.
6. (2023年北京卷.閱讀理解C篇) Anther is that lud and urgent matters _____________(give) t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre.
7. (2023年新課標(biāo)全國I卷.閱讀理解D篇)The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that _____________(allw) t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals.
8. (2022年天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇) Fd and medical supplies______________(distribute) t all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
9. (2022年天津卷.閱讀理解C篇) A kind and sympathetic persn frequently _____________(refer) t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck.
10. (2022年北京卷.語法填空)Hwever, a strng smell ______________(add) s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
時態(tài)
相應(yīng)的被動態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時d/des
is/am/are dne
一般過去時did
was/were dne
一般將來時will/shall d
will/shall be dne
過去將來時wuld d
wuld be dne
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時is/am/are ding
is/am/are being dne
過去進(jìn)行時was/were ding
was/were being dne
現(xiàn)在完成時has/have dne
has/have been dne
過去完成時had dne
had been dne
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時has/have been ding
無
過去完成進(jìn)行時had been ding
無

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