
積累運(yùn)用
一. 非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
二. 非謂語動詞在句中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語以及賓補(bǔ)情況
注意:
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別.
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示”主動或進(jìn)行”;過去分詞作定語,表示“被動或完成”。
The huse built 50 years ag will be pulled dwn sn.
50多年前被建的這個房子將被拆毀。(the huse與build構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系)
The wrkers building the huse stpped fr a rest.
建造房子的工人們停下來休息休息。(the wrkers與build構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系)
不定式作定語,表“將來發(fā)生的動作”
The huse t be built will becme an ffice building sn.
將被建造的這個房子將成為辦公樓。(the huse與build構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,又表示將來的動作)
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作狀語的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表示”主動或進(jìn)行”;過去分詞作狀語,表示“被動或完成”;不定式作狀語,表示目的。
Seen frm space, the earth lks blue. =When it is seen frm space, the earth lks blue.
當(dāng)從太空看時,地球是藍(lán)色的。(see與the earth構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,作時間狀語)
Seeing the earth frm space, we will find it blue. =When we see the earth frm space, we’ll find it blue.
當(dāng)從太空看地球時,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它是藍(lán)色的。(see與we構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,作時間狀語)
He stayed in the lab, devting himself t ding research. = He stayed in the lab, and devted himself t ding research. 他待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里,專注于做研究。(he與devte neself t構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,作伴隨狀語)
He stayed in the lab, devted t ding research. = He stayed in the lab, and was devted t ding research.
他待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里,專注于做研究。(he與be devted t構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,作伴隨狀語)
T devte himself t ding research, he stayed in the lab day and night.
為了專注于做研究,他夜以繼日得在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里待著。(不定式t devte neself t ding research作狀語,表示“目的”)
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)”感官動詞”+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
I heard him kncking at the dr.
我聽見他一直敲門。(賓語him與knck構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,表示持續(xù)不斷的動作)
I heard him criticized by his bss.
我聽見被老板批評。(賓語him與criticize構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系)
I heard him clse the dr and g away.
我聽見他關(guān)門走了。(賓語him與省略t的不定式clse the dr, g away構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,表示一個過程的結(jié)束)
感官動詞包括see, hear, watch, bserve, ntice等
(2)“使役動詞”+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
I had the partner pst the letter.
我讓我的搭檔郵寄這封信。(賓語the partner與賓補(bǔ)pst構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系)
I had the letter psted by the partner.
我讓我的搭檔郵寄這封信。(賓語the letter與pst構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系)
I had the water running, causing waste.
我讓水一直流淌著。(賓語the water與run構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,且表示持續(xù)不斷的動作)
使役動詞包括have, get, make, keep, leave等
(3)with +賓語+賓補(bǔ)
With Teachers’ Day appraching, the classmates expressed their thanks and wishes t the teachers.
隨著教師節(jié)的來臨,同學(xué)們紛紛表達(dá)對老師的感謝和祝福。(Teachers’ Day與apprach構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,作時間狀語)
I sat in the rm fr several minutes, with my eyes fixed n the ceiling.
我坐在屋子里幾分鐘,眼睛盯著天花板。(my eyes與fix n構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,作伴隨狀語)
With a lt f wrk t d, he refused the invitatin t the party.
有很多工作要做,他拒絕了去晚會的邀請。(a lt f wrk與d構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,但表示“將要”,所以用不定式,作原因狀語)
根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給的詞完成句子
1. ____________ (ccupy) himself in translating bks all the time, he has n time t g camping with his family.
【答案】Occupying
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語。句意為“因?yàn)樗恢泵τ诜g書籍,他沒有時間和家人去露營。句子主語he和ccupy之間是主動關(guān)系,是現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語。故答案為Occupying himself in translating bks all the time, he has n time t g camping with his family。
2. ___________ (face) with a lt f prblems, the manager was having a hard time.
【答案】Faced
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作原因狀語。句意:經(jīng)理的日子很不好過,因?yàn)樗媾R著很多問題。be faced with表示”面對“ ,與句子的主語the manager構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞短語faced with a lt f prblems作狀語,位于句首的單詞首字母大寫,所以填Faced。
3. The experts _____________ (invite) t the meeting sn are prfessrs frm bth hme and abrad.
【答案】t be invited
【詳解】考查不定式的被動態(tài)作定語,表示將要發(fā)生的動作。句意:不久要應(yīng)邀參加會議的專家是來自國內(nèi)外的教授。作experts的后置定語,是將來被邀請,因此用不定式的被動語態(tài)t be invited作experts的后置定語,所以填t be invited。
4. Many f the students ____________ (hpe) t enter the university will be disappinted because nly ne third f them will be accepted.
【答案】hping
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:許多希望進(jìn)入大學(xué)的學(xué)生都會失望,因?yàn)樗麄冎兄挥腥种粫讳浫?。動詞hpe和students之間是主動關(guān)系,故可用其現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。所以填hping。
5. The cnclusins ______________ (present) in that bk state that mst f the autmbiles have sme defects.
【答案】presented
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:在那本書中提出的結(jié)論表明,大多數(shù)汽車都有一些缺陷。根據(jù)提示可知,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作后置定語。動詞present意為“展示”,和主語cnclusins構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,且動作已完成,所以應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。所以填presented。
6. _____________(cnvince) that Li Hua has the ability t d the jb,I am writing t recmmend him t yu.
【答案】Cnvinced
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:因?yàn)槲蚁嘈爬钊A有能力做這項(xiàng)工作,所以我寫信向您推薦他。根據(jù)提示用非謂語動詞作狀語, cnvince與句子的主語I是被動關(guān)系,be cnvinced表示“相信”,故用過去分詞作狀語,后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,所以填cnvinced。
7. ______________ (suffer) frm cancer fr many years, the sufferer decided t give up smking.
【答案】Having suffered
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:他患癌癥已有多年了。病人決定戒煙。根據(jù)題干要求,原句中的主語是he和the sufferer為同一個人,同時suffer的動作發(fā)生于decide的動作之前,he和suffer之間是主動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。同時設(shè)空處置于句首,首字母單詞應(yīng)該大寫,所以填Having suffered。
8. I suppse I can get a gd mark which will enable me ________(enter) my ideal cllege.
【答案】t enter
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:我想我能取得一個好成績,這將使我能夠進(jìn)入理想的大學(xué)。
enable sb. t d 為固定搭配,意為 “使某人做某事”,空格處應(yīng)該用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。所以填 t enter。
9. The questin kept me ___________ (cnsider) my future career fr the rest f the night.
【答案】cnsidering
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:這個問題讓我整晚都在思考我未來的職業(yè)規(guī)劃。keep sb. ding sth.表示“使某人一直做某事”使固定句型,且和賓語me構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,所以填cnsidering。
10. When she lked arund, she nticed a man ________ (put) his hand int a passenger’s pcket. She rushed t stp it in time.
【答案】putting
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:當(dāng)她環(huán)顧四周時,她注意到一個男人正把手伸進(jìn)一個乘客的口袋里。她沖過去及時制止了他。句中ntice為感官動詞,ntice +賓語+賓補(bǔ),此處賓語a man與賓補(bǔ)put表示主動關(guān)系且進(jìn)行著,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),所以填putting。
11. The by was caught _______________ (cheat) in the examinatin last week.
【答案】cheating
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語。句意:這個男孩上周考試作弊被抓住了。因?yàn)閏atch sb. ding為固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示“抓住某人正在做某事”,此處sb.作主語,表示被動態(tài), sb.+be caught +ding,表示“某人被抓住正在做某事”,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞cheating作補(bǔ)語,所以填cheating。
12. After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured ___________ (send) t the hspital.
【答案】sent
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:救護(hù)車到達(dá)后,他們立即把傷員送往醫(yī)院。此處have+賓語+賓補(bǔ),當(dāng)賓語與賓補(bǔ)成被動關(guān)系時,用過去分詞。此句中的賓語the injured與send構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,表示“傷員被送到醫(yī)院”,所以填sent。
13. With mre imprtance ________ (attach) t traditinal culture these years, hanfu has becme increasingly ppular.
【答案】attached
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:近年來,隨著人們對傳統(tǒng)文化的重視,漢服越來越受歡迎。with+賓語+賓補(bǔ),with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語為mre imprtance,短語attach imprtance t 表示“認(rèn)為…重要”,attach與mre imprtance構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語為mre imprtance,與attach成被動關(guān)系,所以填attached。
14.The freigner tried t make himself ___________(understand), but failed.
【答案】understd
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:那個外國人試圖別人聽懂他的話,但沒有成功。句中make結(jié)構(gòu)為make+賓語+賓補(bǔ),賓補(bǔ)形式可以是省略t的不定式,或者過去分詞dne。句中賓語himself,與賓補(bǔ)understand為被動關(guān)系,所以填understd。
15. With all the prblems_________(slve), they went hme happily.
【答案】slved
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:所有問題都解決了,他們高高興興地回家了。此處考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),with+賓語+賓補(bǔ),句中的賓語all the prblems,與賓補(bǔ)slve,構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系且動作已完成,所以填slved。
16. _____________(lcate) in the suth f the city, the museum cvers an area f 2.000 square metres.
【答案】lcated
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:博物館位于城市的南部。這個博物館占地面積2000平方米。lcate的含義為“定位”,句子的主語為the museum,與lcate構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,the museum is lcated…表示“博物館位于……”,所以填Lcated。
17. ______________ (determine) t imprve his English, he spared n effrt t practice speaking English.
【答案】Determined
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:決定提升英語,所以他不遺余力地練習(xí)說英語。下定決心做某事be determined t d, 句子的主語he,與determine構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以填Determined。
18. _______________(cmpare) with Prfessr Yung, I still have a lng way t g.
【答案】Cmpared
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:如果把我和楊教授相比,我還有很長的路要走。cmpare的結(jié)構(gòu)為cmpare A with B, cmpare為及物動詞,句子的主語為I, 此處I 與cmpare成被動關(guān)系,所以填Cmpared。
19. All freigners ____________ (live) in this cuntry have been asked t register with the plice.
【答案】living
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:所有已經(jīng)在這個國家居住的外國人都被要求向警方登記。live in this cuntry修飾all freigners,和邏輯主語freigners之間是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,作后置定語,所以填living。
20.____________(bury) in the bk, I didn’t ntice him cme in.
【答案】Buried
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:我埋頭看書,所以沒注意到他。bury用法為be buried in…,句子的主語I與bury構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以填Buried。
一、閱讀理解
A
A yung Jewish girl begins a diary just as Wrld War II is abut t break ut in Eurpe. She recrds the details f her daily life. Eventually, the diary cmes t a heartbreaking end with the girl sht t death by the Nazis. Hwever, it’s nt the stry f Anne Frank. This is Renia’s Diary, a jurnal that spent decades stred away in a safe bx. Nw it’s cming ff the press with the help f Renia’s niece and sister.
Fr a lng time, Elizabeth Bellak didn’t even knw that her lder sister Renia had kept a diary as a teenager in Pland. She was ttally stunned that ne day in her 50s, smene brught the diary t her. She began t read, but culdn’t get very far —the task prved t painful. Therefre, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think abut it.
Alexandra Renia Bellak, Elizabeth’s daughter, wh was named after her aunt, grew up knwing abut the lcked diary. As getting lder, she became mre interested in it. “If I culd read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) sme things frm the past,” she thught.
Finally, Alexandra gt the diary frm its hiding place. She turned shcked after reading the first few pages. “It’s the descriptin f a wnderful, intelligent girl wh shwed great curage in dire circumstances. My aunt’s wrld cmes t life as the diary shifts between the daily cncerns f a teenage girl and the war.”
Elizabeth and Alexandra are thrilled that Renia’s diary has been published. “It is a stry that needs t be heard nw mre than ever. We shuld never repeat the same types f racism (種族主義) and prejudice and hate that lead t active vilence,” Alexandra says.
1.Why was Renia’s Diary unknwn t the wrld fr s many years?
A.Alexandra was t afraid t read it.
B.It was lst in the war and n ne fund it.
C.The stry is nt as famus as Anne Frank’s.
D.Elizabeth was emtinally stricken and hid the diary.
2.What des the underlined wrd “dire” mean in Paragraph 4?
A.Certain. B.Serius. C.Mysterius. D.Crucial.
3.Why was Alexandra s interested in Renia’s Diary?
A.She was quite interested in Wrld War II.
B.She wanted t cmfrt her srrwful mther.
C.She wndered what had happened t her aunt.
D.She planned t publish her aunt’s dairy in the future.
4.What’s the best title f the passage?
A.Renia’s Diary cming ff the press.B.Renia’s miserable life and her diary.
C.A girl fighting against the racism and hate.D.The stry f a Jewish family in Wrld War II.
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述二戰(zhàn)時期一個女孩的日記,日記記載了女孩生活的細(xì)節(jié),這本日記在這個女孩妹妹和外甥女的幫助下將會被出版,為大家所周知。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段“She began t read, but culdn’t get very far —the task prved t painful. Therefre, she just put it in the basement and didn’t think abut it.(她開始讀,但讀不了多遠(yuǎn)——事實(shí)證明這項(xiàng)任務(wù)太痛苦了。因此,她只是把它放在地下室,沒有考慮它。)”可知,Renia的日記這么多年來不為世人所知是因?yàn)橐聋惿浊榫w激動,把日記藏了起來。故選D。
2.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“A yung Jewish girl begins a diary just as Wrld War II is abut t break ut in Eurpe. She recrds the details f her daily life. Eventually, the diary cmes t a heartbreaking end with the girl sht t death by the Nazis.(就在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)即將在歐洲爆發(fā)之際,一個年輕的猶太女孩開始寫日記。她記錄下她日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)。最終,日記以一個令人心碎的結(jié)局告終,女孩被納粹槍殺。)”和倒數(shù)第二段“It’s the descriptin f a wnderful, intelligent girl wh shwed great curage(這是對一個出色的、聰明的、表現(xiàn)出巨大勇氣的女孩的描述)”可知,日記里描述的是戰(zhàn)爭時候的情況,女孩最終被納粹殺了,可見當(dāng)時的情況是很嚴(yán)重的,劃線詞dire的意思是“嚴(yán)重的”,和serius意思相近,故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“As getting lder, she became mre interested in it. “If I culd read this diary, maybe I’ll unearth (揭露) sme things frm the past,” she thught.(隨著年齡的增長,她對它越來越感興趣?!叭绻夷茏x到這本日記,也許我能發(fā)現(xiàn)一些過去的事情,”她想。)”可知,Alexandra對Renia的日記如此感興趣是因?yàn)樗胫腊l(fā)生在她姨媽身上的事情,故選C。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“This is Renia’s Diary, a jurnal that spent decades stred away in a safe bx. Nw it’s cming ff the press with the help f Renia’s niece and sister.(這是Renia的日記,一本在保險箱里保存了幾十年的日記?,F(xiàn)在,在Renia的外甥女和妹妹的幫助下,這本書即將出版。)”可知,本文主要講的是二戰(zhàn)時期一個女孩的日記,日記記載了女孩生活的細(xì)節(jié),這本日記在這個女孩妹妹和外甥女的幫助下將會被出版,為大家所周知,因此最好的標(biāo)題是A選項(xiàng)“Renia’s Diary cming ff the press.(Renia的日記即將出版。)”。故選A。
B
The year 2114 will be an eventful ne fr art. In May f that year in Berlin, the philspher-artist Jnathn Keats’ “century cameras” — cameras with a 100-year-lng expsure (曝光) time — will be brught back frm hiding places arund the city t have their results develped and exhibited. Six mnths after that, the Future Library in Osl, Nrway, will start t welcme its guests, presenting 100 bks printed n the wd f trees planted in the distant past f 2014. As Katie Patersn, the creatr f the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwrk fr future generatins.”
These prjects, mre than a century in the making, are part f a new wave f “slw art” intended t push viewers and participants t think beynd their wn lifetimes. They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. In their way, t, they are fighting against mdern culture — nt just regarding mney, but als the way in which artistic wrth is measured by attentin.
In a similar fashin, every April n Slw Art Day, visitrs are encuraged t stare at five wrks f art fr 10 minutes at a time — a tugh task fr the average museum visitr, wh typically spends less than 30 secnds n each piece f art.
Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a prject fr cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace f life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve smehw been quite discnnected,” Anne Beate Hvind, the Future Library prject manager, wh described hw wrking n the library drew her back t the pace f life she knew when she was grwing up n a farm in her yuth, tld The Atlantic magazine.
5.Accrding t the first paragraph, what will happen in 2114?
A.The wd f trees planted in 2014 will be made int bks.
B.The Future Library will be pen t the public fr the first time.
C.A camera which was prduced 100 years ag will be exhibited.
D.A bk abut phts with a 100-year expsure time will cme ut.
6.What can we learn abut tday’s peple when they admire wrks f art?
A.They ignre wrks f mdern culture deliberately. B.They spend nly a little time in admiring artwrks.
C.They seldm pay attentin t the price f artwrks. D.They fcus t much n artistic wrth f artwrks.
7.What is the purpse f the wave f slw art?
A.T preserve wrks f art fr a lnger time.
B.T prmte wrks f art fr mdern culture.
C.T advcate creating wrks f art mre slwly.
D.T encurage peple t cnsider wrks f art mre deliberately.
8.Hw des Anne Beate Hvind feel abut the city life?
A.Cnvenient. B.Cmpetitive. C.Efficient. D.Busy.
【答案】5.B 6.B 7.D 8.D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過列舉2114年的一些藝術(shù)活動,介紹旨在于鼓勵人們更多地關(guān)注藝術(shù)作品的慢速藝術(shù)。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The year 2114 will be an eventful ne fr art. In May f that year in Berlin, the philspher-artist Jnathn Keats’ “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-lng expsure(曝光) time— will be brught back frm hiding places arund the city t have their results develped and exhibited. Six mnths after that, the Future Library in Osl, Nrway, will start t welcme its guests, presenting 100 bks printed n the wd f trees planted in the distant past f 2014. (2114年對藝術(shù)來說將是不平凡的一年。同年5月,在柏林,哲學(xué)家兼藝術(shù)家Jnathn Keats的‘世紀(jì)相機(jī)’—— 曝光時間長達(dá)100年的相機(jī)——將從城市的各個隱蔽之處被帶回來,進(jìn)行拍攝和展出。六個月后,挪威奧斯陸的未來圖書館將開始?xì)g迎它的客人,展示100本印在遙遠(yuǎn)的2014年種植的樹木上的書。)”可知,曝光時間為100年的照片將被沖洗出來并展出,未來圖書館將首次向公眾開放,并將展出用2014年種植的樹木的木材印刷的書籍。故選B。
6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. In their way, t, they are fighting against mdern culture — nt just regarding mney, but als the way in which artistic wrth is measured by attentin.(他們的目標(biāo)是挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)今的短期思維和現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者的短暫注意力,迫使人們更慎重地考慮作品。他們也在用自己的方式與現(xiàn)代文化作斗爭——不僅僅是在金錢方面,還包括用關(guān)注來衡量藝術(shù)價值的方式。)”可知,“慢藝術(shù)”挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)今的短期思維和現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者的短暫注意力,讓人們更慎重地考慮作品,與現(xiàn)代文化中的金錢與衡量藝術(shù)價值的方式作斗爭;結(jié)合第三段中“In a similar fashin, every April n Slw Art Day, visitrs are encuraged t stare at five wrks f art fr 10 minutes at a time — a tugh task fr the average museum visitr, wh typically spends less than 30 secnds n each piece f art.(每年4月的慢藝術(shù)日也以類似的方式,鼓勵參觀者一次花10分鐘時間盯著5件藝術(shù)品看——這對一般的博物館參觀者來說是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),他們通常在每件藝術(shù)品上花不到30秒的時間。)”可推知,現(xiàn)代人在欣賞藝術(shù)時花費(fèi)的時間很少。故選B。
7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“These prjects, mre than a century in the making, are part f a new wave f “slw art” intended t push viewers and participants t think beynd their wn lifetimes. They aim t challenge tday’s shrt-term thinking and the brief attentin spans f mdern cnsumers, frcing peple int cnsidering wrks mre deliberately. (這些項(xiàng)目歷時一個多世紀(jì),是新一波‘慢藝術(shù)’的一部分,旨在推動觀眾和參與者超越自己的一生進(jìn)行思考。他們的目標(biāo)是挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)今的短期思維和現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者的短暫注意力,迫使人們更慎重地考慮作品。)”可知,慢藝術(shù)旨在挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)者的短期思維和短暫的注意力,迫使人們更慎重地考慮作品,鼓勵人們更多地關(guān)注藝術(shù)作品。故選D。
8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a prject fr cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace f life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve smehw been quite discnnected,” Anne Beate Hvind, the Future Library prject manager, wh described hw wrking n the library drew her back t the pace f life she knew when she was grwing up n a farm in her yuth, tld The Atlantic magazine.(就像未來圖書館一樣,世紀(jì)相機(jī)在很大程度上是一個城市項(xiàng)目,因?yàn)樵诔鞘欣?,時間流逝得最快,生活節(jié)奏也最快?!詮奈议_始住在城市里,我就有點(diǎn)與世隔絕了,’未來圖書館項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理Anne Beate Hvind在接受《大西洋月刊》雜志采訪時描述了圖書館的工作是如何把她拉回到她年輕時在農(nóng)場長大時所熟悉的生活節(jié)奏。)”可知,Anne Beate Hvind認(rèn)為在城市里時間流逝得最快,生活節(jié)奏也最快;由此可知,Anne Beate Hvind認(rèn)為城市生活是忙碌的。故選D。
二、完形填空
Tw girls living next dr t each ther have tw very different life stries.
Chi Zhen, an 18-year-ld preparatry (預(yù)科的) student in Seville, Spain, used his 9 t tell the stary f tw lives. Frm the 10 n me phts, we culd learn that they had inspired many peple t 11 that the future is in their wn hands.
He tk a series f 12 f his friends Vernica and Anna Maria. They live cmpletely 13 life styles and are getting ppsite results.
In the phts. Anna Maria. a Spanish girl, can be seen 14 a TV drama. “She spends mst f her 15 in frnt f her laptp,” says Chi. Anna Maria rarely ges ut 16 she thinks she’s nt attractive and desn’t knw 17 t say in scial situatins. She blames fate (命運(yùn)). “I’m nt as lucky as Vernica,” she ften says.
But Vernica, the “l(fā)ucky’ girl next dr, has 18 herself fur freign languages and travelled t many places. She ges t the 19 frequently, s her extensive knwledge and experience allw her t take part in any cnversatin and becme the center f 20 .
Lking at Vernica, it’s 21 that she’s taking cntrl f her fate. In rder t 22 with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese. Her experience has 23 Chi Zhen t mix with students frm all cuntries, and he’s getting gd results. “Althugh l learned abut s many different ideas and 24 , I still need sme time t get used t them,” he says.
The 25 f the phts has gne far beynd what Chi expected. One f the 26 cmmented n his phts n renren. cm, saying: “A wall separates tw wrlds, and the life we have 27 what we d. I’d rather 28 my fate nw than cmplain abut everything later.”
9.A.handB.cameraC.bkD.a(chǎn)rticle
10.A.a(chǎn)bilitiesB.experiencesC.memriesD.cmments
11.A.believeB.changeC.struggleD.cmpare
12.A.lvesB.relatinshipsC.phtsD.emtins.
13.A.sameB.differentC.interestingD.healthy
14.A.watchingB.sharingC.cpyingD.imitating
15.A.energyB.mneyC.fdD.time
16.A.whenB.whileC.becauseD.hw
17.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.when
18.A.masteredB.managedC.taughtD.enjyed
19.A.meeting rmB.libraryC.labratryD.classrm
20.A.encuragementB.inspiratinC.a(chǎn)ttentinD.a(chǎn)musement
21.A.bviusB.unluckyC.imprtantD.impssible
22.A.a(chǎn)rgueB.imprveC.tuchD.cmmunicate
23.A.madeB.encuragedC.rderedD.suggested
24.A.dreamsB.interestsC.a(chǎn)ttentinD.situatins
25.A.priceB.thughtC.explanatinD.influence
26.A.usersB.dctrsC.travellersD.drivers
27.A.takes nB.puts nC.depends nD.keeps n
28.A.wasteB.questinC.standD.grasp
【答案】
9.B 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。兩個女孩是鄰居,但命運(yùn)迥異,從中告訴人們一個道理:未來掌握在自己手中,有什么樣的行動就有什么樣的生活。
9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:18歲的遲震是西班牙塞維利亞的一名預(yù)科生,他用相機(jī)講述了兩個人的生活。A. hand手;B. camera相機(jī);C. bk書籍;D. article文章。根據(jù)后文“n me phts”可知,他用相機(jī)講述了兩個人的生活。故選B。
10.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:從對我照片的評論中,我們可以了解到,他們激勵了許多人,讓他們相信未來掌握在自己手中。A. abilities能力;B. experiences經(jīng)歷;C. memries記憶;D. cmments評論。根據(jù)后文“they had inspired many peple t 3 that the future is in their wn hands.”可知,指從照片的評論中了解到了照片激勵了許多人。故選D。
11.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:從對我照片的評論中,我們可以了解到,他們激勵了許多人,讓他們相信未來掌握在自己手中。A. believe相信;B. change改變;C. struggle努力;D. cmpare比較。根據(jù)后文“that the future is in their wn hands”可知,“未來掌握在自己手中”是很多所相信。故選A。
12.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他給他的朋友維羅妮卡和安娜·瑪麗亞拍了一組照片。A. lves愛;B. relatinships關(guān)系;C. phts照片;D. emtins情緒。根據(jù)后文“In the phts”可知,他給他的朋友維羅妮卡和安娜·瑪麗亞拍了一組照片。故選C。
13.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:他們過著完全不同的生活方式,得到了相反的結(jié)果。A. same同樣的;B. different不同的;C. interesting有趣的;D. healthy健康的。根據(jù)后文可知Anna Maria不愛社交,很少出門,而Vernica自學(xué)了四門外語,還去過很多地方,即不同的生活方式。故選B。
14.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:在這些照片中,可以看到安娜·瑪麗亞,一個西班牙女孩,正在看電視劇。A. watching觀看;B. sharing分享;C. cpying復(fù)制;D. imitating模仿。根據(jù)后文“a TV drama”指看電視劇,應(yīng)用動詞watch。故選A。
15.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:“她大部分時間都坐在筆記本電腦前,”遲說。A. energy能量;B. mney金錢;C. fd食物;D. time時間。根據(jù)后文“Anna Maria rarely ges ut”可知,很少出門,大部分時間都坐在筆記本電腦前,故選D。
16.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:安娜·瑪麗亞很少出門,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己沒有吸引力,不知道在社交場合該說什么。A. when何時;B. while當(dāng)……時候;C. because因?yàn)?;D. hw如何。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because。故選C。
17.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:安娜·瑪麗亞很少出門,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己沒有吸引力,不知道在社交場合該說什么。A. what什么;B. why為什么;C. which哪一個;D. when何時。根據(jù)后文“t say in scial situatins”指不知道在社交場合該說什么,應(yīng)用what。故選A。
18.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:但是隔壁的“幸運(yùn)”女孩維羅妮卡自學(xué)了四門外語,還去過很多地方。A. mastered掌握;B. managed設(shè)法;C. taught教學(xué);D. enjyed欣賞。根據(jù)后文“herself fur freign languages”指她自學(xué)了四門外語,短語teach neself表示“自學(xué)”。故選C。
19.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她經(jīng)常去圖書館,所以她豐富的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她能夠參加任何談話,成為人們關(guān)注的中心。A. meeting rm會議室;B. library圖書館;C. labratry實(shí)驗(yàn)室;D. classrm教室。根據(jù)后文“s her extensive knwledge”可知,知識豐富說明經(jīng)常去圖書館。故選B。
20.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她經(jīng)常去圖書館,所以她豐富的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她能夠參加任何談話,成為人們關(guān)注的中心。A. encuragement鼓勵;B. inspiratin鼓舞;C. attentin注意力,關(guān)注;D. amusement娛樂。根據(jù)上文“allw her t take part in any cnversatin and becme the center f”可知,她豐富的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她能夠參加任何談話,成為人們關(guān)注的中心。故選C。
21.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:看看維羅妮卡,很明顯她正在掌控自己的命運(yùn)。A. bvius顯然的;B. unlucky不幸運(yùn)的;C. imprtant重要的;D. impssible不可能的。根據(jù)后文“she’s taking cntrl f her fate”可知,維羅妮卡顯然正在掌控自己的命運(yùn)。故選A。
22.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:為了和遲震更好的交流,她正在學(xué)習(xí)中文。A. argue爭論;B. imprve改善;C. tuch觸動;D. cmmunicate交流。根據(jù)后文“with Chi Zhep better, she’s studying Chinese”可知,學(xué)習(xí)中文是為了更好交流。故選D。
23.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:她的經(jīng)歷鼓勵遲震與來自世界各國的學(xué)生交往,他取得了不錯的成績。A. made制作;B. encuraged鼓勵;C. rdered命令;D. suggested建議。根據(jù)后文“Chi Zhen t mix with students frm all cuntries, and he’s getting gd results”可知,她的經(jīng)歷鼓勵遲震與來自世界各國的學(xué)生交往,他取得了不錯的成績。故選B。
24.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:“雖然我了解了很多不同的想法和情況,但我仍然需要一些時間來適應(yīng)它們,”他說。A. dreams夢想;B. interests興趣;C. attentin注意力;D. situatins情況。上文提到遲震與來自世界各國的學(xué)生交往,所以是了解了很多不同的想法和情況,故選D。
25.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這些照片的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了遲的預(yù)期。A. price價格;B. thught想法;C. explanatin解釋;D. influence影響。根據(jù)后文“f the phts has gne far beynd what Chi expected”以及網(wǎng)友的評論可知,這些照片的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了遲的預(yù)期。故選D。
26.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:其中一名用戶在人人網(wǎng)上評論了他的照片,他說:“一堵墻隔開了兩個世界,我們的生活取決于我們的所作所為?!盇. users用戶;B. dctrs醫(yī)生;C. travellers旅行者;D. drivers司機(jī)。根據(jù)后文“cmmented n his phts n renren.cm, saying”可知是人人網(wǎng)上的用戶評論他的照片。故選A。
27.考查動詞短語辨析。句意:其中一名用戶在人人網(wǎng)上評論了他的照片,他說:“一堵墻隔開了兩個世界,我們的生活取決于我們的所作所為?!盇. takes n承擔(dān);B. puts n穿上;C. depends n依靠;D. keeps n繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“A wall separates tw wrlds, and the life we have”以及上文提到的兩個女孩的不同生活方式,可知我們的生活取決于我們的所作所為。故選C。
28.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我寧愿現(xiàn)在把握自己的命運(yùn),也不愿以后抱怨一切。A. waste浪費(fèi);B. questin質(zhì)疑;C. stand站立;D. grasp抓住。根據(jù)后文“my fate nw than cmplain abut everything later”不愿以后抱怨,所以現(xiàn)在要把握命運(yùn),故選D。
拓展突破練
1. (2023全國甲卷 . 閱讀理解A篇)The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine ____________ (cmbine) with mdern cking methds.
【答案】cmbined
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:在這所漂亮的殖民時期的房子里的菜單中包括著與現(xiàn)代烹飪方法相結(jié)合的泰國菜肴。Thai cuisine為被修飾詞,與cmbine成被動關(guān)系,cmbine用法為cmbine A with B, 所以此處應(yīng)該用過去分詞作定語,所以填cmbined。
2. (2023全國甲卷 . 語法填空)“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ____________ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
【答案】brrwing
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:“從前,在美國的中心地帶有一個小鎮(zhèn),那里所有的生命似乎都和周圍的環(huán)境一起享受著和平的生活,”她的寓言是這樣開頭的,借用了許多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的詞。
句中已有謂語動詞,所以用非謂語動詞形式。邏輯主語her fable與brrw之間為主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,所以填brrwing。
3. (2023全國甲卷 . 語法填空) Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message ____________ (intend) fr everyne.
【答案】intended
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:然而,在簡潔的風(fēng)格背后,是每個人都想要傳達(dá)的重要信息。be intended fr打算為……所用,在句中作定語,所以用過去分詞形式,所以填intended。
4.(2023全國乙卷 . 語法填空) Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully ___________ (build) system f ring rads.
【答案】built
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:從佛教寺廟到博物館,狹窄的胡同和皇家宮殿,它是3000多年輝煌歷史的家園,即使是在它的布局上,這座城市也保持著精心建造的環(huán)城公路系統(tǒng)。這里build為非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)定語,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修飾詞“system f ring rads”之間為被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞,所以填built。
5. (2023全國乙卷 . 語法填空)_____________ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遺產(chǎn)) while cnstantly grwing.
【答案】Having visited
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:在過去的10年里,我多次訪問北京,我驚訝于這里的新舊共存,驚訝于一個城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時保持如此豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。這里為非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語,和主句主語“I”之間為主動關(guān)系;根據(jù)時間狀語“ver the last 10 years”可知,用完成時態(tài),由此推斷,空處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)。置于句首,首字母大寫。所以填Having visited。
6. (2023新課標(biāo)全國II 卷 . 語法填空)They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ___________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
【答案】visiting
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:他們與蜂擁而至的國際游客和來訪的中國動物園管理員交談,這些管理員經(jīng)常來檢查從中國租借來的大熊貓。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空后是名詞,visit與Chinese zkeepers成主動關(guān)系作定語。所以填visiting。
7. (2023北京卷.語法填空) She called fr actin t address the struggles f peple arund the wrld ____________(face) “t little water r t dirty water”.
【答案】facing
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:她呼吁采取行動,解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語peple構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,所以填facing。
8. (2023新課標(biāo)全國I卷. 語法填空) Shanghai may be the ______________ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace.
【答案】recgnized
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意:上??赡苁枪J(rèn)的小籠包之鄉(xiāng),但美食歷史學(xué)家會告訴你,鄰近的運(yùn)河小鎮(zhèn)南翔才是小籠包的發(fā)源地??崭裨诿~hme前面作定語,recgnize與hme是邏輯上動賓關(guān)系,需填過去分詞recgnized作定語,recgnized“被公認(rèn)的”也可以看作是形容詞作定語,所以填recgnized。
9. (2023新課標(biāo)全國I卷. 語法填空) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
【答案】t be lifted
【詳解】非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意:除了南翔,最好的小籠包有一個精致的,可以讓它們從蒸籠籃中拿出來,而不會撕裂或溢出里面的東西。根據(jù)搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允許某人做某事”可知,空格需用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,補(bǔ)足語lift ut與賓語them(指代小籠包)是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,空格需填動詞不定式的被動式t be lifted,所以填t be lifted。
10. N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _____________ (want) mre next time.
【答案】wanting
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。句意:無論我在哪里買,一蒸籠都不夠,而兩蒸籠又顯得太貪心了,所以我總是想下次再買。分析句子可知,此處考查“l(fā)eave sb.+賓語補(bǔ)足語”,本句是被動語態(tài),want是主語補(bǔ)足語,根據(jù)句意,I與want之間是主動的邏輯關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞wanting。
形式
時態(tài)
主動
被動
動詞ing
一般時
ding
being dne
完成時
having dne
having been dne
不定式
一般時
t d
t be dne
完成時
t have dne
t have been dne
進(jìn)行時
t be ding
過去分詞
表被動或完成
dne
形式
作定語
作狀語
作賓補(bǔ)
ding
√
√
√
t d
√
√
√
dne
√
√
√
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