
作業(yè)04 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時
積累運用
現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時區(qū)別
注意:
1.現(xiàn)在完成時在since結(jié)構(gòu)中使用時,since后面跟過去的時間或動作,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
例句:He has been ut f emplyment since he graduated frm the university.
自從他大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來,他一直失業(yè)。
The relatins between the tw cuntries have develped fr years since 2000.
自從2000年,這兩個國家的關(guān)系已經(jīng)發(fā)展了。
2. by與現(xiàn)在的時間搭配,用現(xiàn)在完成時;by與過去的時間搭配,用過去完成時。
例句:By nw he has cmpsed seven bks n his wn.
到現(xiàn)在為止,他已經(jīng)獨立創(chuàng)作了7本書。
By last year, we had mastered reading skills well.
到去年為止,我們已經(jīng)很好得掌握了閱讀技巧。
3. 過去完成時用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中:
(1) It was the first/secnd… time that …(that引導(dǎo)從句部分的謂語動詞用過去完成時)。
例句:It was the third time that he had been laid ff.
這是第三次他被解雇。
(2)Hardly/Scarcely…when…和N sner…than…結(jié)構(gòu)中,hardly, scarcely以及n sner后謂語動詞用過去完成時,when,than后面用一般過去時。表示“一…就…”
例句:Hardly had he returned hme when he fund the huse brken int.
他一回家就發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被破門而入了。
(3)表示意向的動詞,如hpe, expect, intend, mean, plan, think, suppse等使用過去完成時,并非表達過去的過去,而是表達對過去未曾實現(xiàn)動作的遺憾,表示“本…”。
例句:He had intended t decline the invitatin, but his friend persuaded him.
他本打算拒絕這個邀請,但是他朋友說服了他。
(4) 用于虛擬語氣中,與過去事實相反的結(jié)構(gòu)中。
與過去事實相反時,if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞用過去完成時had dne, 主句謂語動詞用wuld/culd/shuld/might + have dne;
與過去事實相反時,wish后面引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,謂語動詞為had dne;as if引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動詞用had dne。
例句:If he had fllwed my advice, he wuld nt have fallen behind thers.
如果他當(dāng)初聽我的建議,他就不會落后于別人了。
I wish she had
根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給的詞,完成下面的句子。
1. Many parts f China (see) very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
【答案】have seen
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:在過去的幾天里 ,中國大部分地區(qū)有大降雨。in the past few days結(jié)構(gòu)用于現(xiàn)在完成時,所以填have seen。
2. Instead f getting dwn t a new test as he (expect), he examined the previus wrk again.
【答案】had expected
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:他沒有著手于他期待的一個新任務(wù),相反,他再一次檢查了先前的工作。
根據(jù)句意,先“期待”,再“檢查”,即動作expect發(fā)生于examine之前,因為examine用于過去時,所以填had examined。
3. The unemplyment rate in this district (fall) frm 6% t 5% since tw years ag.
【答案】has fallen
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:自從兩年前以來,這個地區(qū)的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)從6%下降到5%。Since表示“自從”,后面接表示過去的時間或者謂語動詞過去時,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。所以填has fallen。
4. .It is the third time that yu (be) late this mnth.
【答案】have been
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:這是這個月第三次你遲到。句式結(jié)構(gòu)it is the +序數(shù)詞+that后面用現(xiàn)在完成時;而it was the+序數(shù)詞+that后面用過去完成時。因為此處是is,所以that后面用現(xiàn)在完成時,所以填have been。
5. They might have fund a better htel if they (drive) a few mre kilmeters.
【答案】had driven
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去完成時的使用。句意:如果他們開車多開幾公里,他們可能就會找到一個比較好的酒店。If條件虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)與過去事實相反時,if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞用過去完成時,主句用wuld/culd/shuld/might+have dne,通過觀察得知,主句謂語動詞滿足“與過去事實相反”的if虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),所以從句應(yīng)該用過去完成時。所以填had driven。
6. .In the past decade, they ______________(realize) their gal, making the cmpany bring back t life.
【答案】have realized
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:在過去的十年中,他們已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了他們的目標(biāo),使得公司起死回生。
此處in the past decade用于現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu),所以填have realized。
7. It was the furth time she (shp) nline fr hurs. I had already reminded her t think twice befre buying anything, but my wife ignred what I had said.
【答案】had shpped
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:這是第四次我的妻子在網(wǎng)上購物好幾個小時。我之前提醒過她買東西之前三思而后行,但是我的妻子不理會我說的話。It was the+序數(shù)詞+that后面用過去完成時,所以填had shpped。
8. Over the past few mnths, I (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws.
【答案】have learnt
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:在過去的幾個月中,我已經(jīng)了解到?jīng)]有人是完美的,我們所有人都有瑕疵。句中ver the past+段時間為時間狀語,這個結(jié)構(gòu)用于現(xiàn)在完成時,所以填have learnt。
9. If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
【答案】had caught
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣中過去完成時的使用。句意:如果我們趕上了昨天的航班,我們現(xiàn)在就能在沙灘上享受假日了。此句考查i條件句虛擬語氣用法,當(dāng)與過去事實相反時,從句用過去完成時,因為有yesterday,使用判斷與過去事實相反,所以填had caught。
10. .I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan (carry) ut in the past tw years.
【答案】had been carried
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:上個月我被送到那個村莊去看看這個發(fā)展計劃在過去兩年中的進展情況。
I was sent…發(fā)生在過去,即上個月,而計劃的實施應(yīng)該是被從被送去村莊之前算起的過去兩年,所以此處應(yīng)該表示過去的過去,又因為plan與carry ut是被動關(guān)系,所以填had been carried。
11. Hardly _______ she ________(g) t bed when the drbell rang.
【答案】had gne
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:她一去睡覺,門鈴就響了。此句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為hardly…when…,表示“一…就…”hardly后面謂語動詞用過去完成時,when后從句謂語動詞用一般過去時,所以填had gne。
12. The bridge (build) by the end f last year.
【答案】had been built
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:這座橋到去年年底已經(jīng)被建好了。by與過去的時間連用,用過去完成時,所以填had been built。
13. Up t nw, he _______________(frm) the gd habit f ding exercise every mrning.
【答案】has frmed
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:直到現(xiàn)在,他已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了每天早上鍛煉身體的好習(xí)慣。up t nw表示“到目前為止”,用于現(xiàn)在完成時,所以填has frmed。
14. These days he _______________(cmplete) a majr task, s he is praised by his bss nw.
【答案】has cmpleted
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:這些天他已經(jīng)完成了一項重大的任務(wù),所以他現(xiàn)在被他的老板表揚了。These days是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性短語,所以填has cmpleted。
15. They____________(finish) their dinner by the time Sam jined them.
【答案】had finished
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:到山姆加入他們的時候,他們已經(jīng)吃完了他們的晚餐。by the time作為連詞,連接的句子中謂語動詞用一般過去時,主句應(yīng)該用過去完成時。所以填had finished。
一、閱讀理解
A
When the fifth grade schl year was almst ver, all the girls made autgraph (簽名) bks. As I signed my classmates’ bks, I nticed their mms had written in them, t. “I culdn’t be pruder f yu. Can’t wait t see hw yu like junir high!” “Cngratulatins! We lve yu and knw yu have a bright future!”
I asked my mther t sign mine, t. When she handed it back t me, I was anxius t see what she had written. This is what I fund n the page:
When a thing is first begun,
Never leave it till it’s dne.
Be the labr great r small.
D it well r nt at all.
That was it? I was frzen. It was an indicatin t me that, if I culdn’t be perfect, I wasn’t gd enugh. I held back my tears, left the page in but secretly hped my classmates wuldn’t read it.
D it well r nt at all. Fr years, I battled perfectinism and never felt gd enugh fr mst f my life.
When my mther was in her eighties, I gave her a bk t fill ut s we culd knw mre abut her. It had questins at the tp f each page and then blank space t respnd. I secretly hped she’d been wrking n it all alng. Sadly, nt lng after, my mther passed away. When I srted ut her belngings, what I wanted mre than anything was that bk. What I fund stpped me shrt. On page ten, the questin was, “What’s the best advice yu gt frm yur parents?” Her respnse was what she had written in my autgraph bk. Even thugh I’d memrized it years ag, I read it at a slwer pace nw, seeing it in a new light.
It was written t her by her mther, and she was passing it dwn t her daughter in the same way. A gift frm her t me. She was giving me treasured, valuable advice when all I was thinking abut were wrds f praise. I understand it nw.
1.In paragraph 1, the authr fund that wrds frm ther classmates’ mms ________.
A.cntained reflectin n life B.expressed their thankfulness
C.shwed pride in their children D.featured a frmal writing style
2.Seeing her mm’s wrds n the autgraph bk, hw did the authr feel?
A.Disappinted.B.Mtivated.C.Hpeful.D.Anxius.
3.What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 imply?
A.The authr memrized the wrds frm her mm.
B.The authr was surprised t see the same wrds again.
C.The authr fund it easy t see the wrds clearly under the light.
D.The authr began t have a new understanding f her mm’s wrds.
4.What gift did the authr’s mm give her?
A.A visin f a perfect wrld. B.Encuragement t d things well.
C.Her mm’s wisdm f lving yurself. D.Her mm’s advice n living at a slw pace.
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文,主要講的是作者起初對媽媽在簽名簿上的寫的內(nèi)容不理解,在母親去世后作者才理解了那些話的意義。
1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ I nticed their mms had written in them, t. “I culdn’t be pruder f yu. Can’t wait t see hw yu like junir high!” “Cngratulatins! We lve yu and knw yu have a bright future!”(我注意到他們的媽媽也在上面寫了字?!拔覟槟愀械綗o比驕傲。等不及想看看你的初中生活了!”“恭喜你!我們愛你,知道你有一個光明的未來!”)”可知,在第一段中,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)其他同學(xué)媽媽的話是以他們的孩子為傲。故選C。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)正文第三段“That was it? I was frzen. It was an indicatin t me that, if I culdn’t be perfect, I wasn’t gd enugh. I held back my tears, left the page in but secretly hped my classmates wuldn’t read it.(就這樣?我僵住了。這對我來說是一種暗示,如果我不能做到完美,我就不夠好。我強忍著眼淚,留下了那一頁,但心里暗暗希望同學(xué)們不要看。)”可知,看到媽媽在簽名簿上寫的字,作者是失望的,故選A。
3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Even thugh I’d memrized it years ag, I read it at a slwer pace nw, seeing it in a new light.(盡管我多年前就已經(jīng)記住了,但我現(xiàn)在讀它的速度變慢了,以一種新的眼光看待它。)”和最后一段“I understand it nw.(我現(xiàn)在明白了。)”可知,第5段劃線的句子表示作者開始對她媽媽的話有了新的理解。故選D。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者媽媽寫的話“When a thing is first begun, Never leave it till it’s dne. Be the labr great r small. D it well r nt at all.(當(dāng)一件事剛開始時,不做完就不要離開。無論勞動是大是小。要么做好,要么不做。)”以及最后一段的“It was written t her by her mther, and she was passing it dwn t her daughter in the same way. A gift frm her t me.(這封信是她母親寫給她的,她正以同樣的方式傳給女兒。是她送給我的禮物。)”可知,作者的媽媽寫的這些話就是給作者的禮物,從這些話可知,作者的媽媽鼓勵作者把事情做好,故選B。
B
Mvies fr kids and teens aren’t nly designed t entertain. They can als include messages abut what’s right and wrng, what actins make a her r bad guy, and hw t deal with mral challenges. Cnsider The Hate U Give, a mvie that deals with hw teens can use their vice against racialized gun vilence. Or WALL-E, which cntains messages abut envirnmental destructin and cnsumerism.
But d children and teens want t watch mvies cntaining lessns abut mral behavir? Researchers at UCLA explred the questin in a recent reprt. They analyzed ver 1,700 mvies fr children and teens released in theaters after 2010 t see hw many character strengths were featured in each film. The quality and success f the films were measured in different ways: hw many stars each mvie received, hw much mney each mvie made in ticket sales during the pening weekend, and audience and film critic scres.
The results? Mvies that nticeably featured character strengths tended t make mre mney n the pening weekend bth within the United States and internatinally cmpared t mvies withut character strengths: This was true even when the researchers accunted fr hw many stars the film received, and the audience and critic scres, s their success wasn’t just abut being better-quality mvies.
Qualities like perseverance, curage, and teamwrk were featured mst ften (in ver 300 films each). But qualities like humility (謙遜) and integrity (正直) were less cmmnly highlighted (in fewer than 100 films each). “These are the character strengths that children struggle with the mst, and s creatrs may be missing an pprtunity t help children where they need it mst,” explain the researchers. The reprt als fund mvies made fr 13- t 18-year-lds had fewer character strengths cmpared t mvies fr yunger children.
“Teens are at a critical stage where they are easily influenced by their scial envirnments, including media,” explain the researchers. “There is a clear gap in the industry fr cntent directed at teens that prmtes psitive character strengths t help yuth s they can better deal with the key challenges and changes they are experiencing.”
5.What d The Hate U Give and WALL-E have in cmmn?
A.Bth intend t criticize racism.B.Bth are likely t develp values.
C.Bth fcus n envirnmental issues.D.Bth are mainly designed t entertain.
6.What did the reprt find abut the mvies featuring character strengths?
A.They received mre negative film reviews.B.They gt lwer audience and critic scres.
C.They gained impressive ticket sales.D.They were mainly targeted at verseas audience.
7.What can we learn abut the quality “integrity”?
A.It brught success t ver 300 films.B.It needs t be emphasized in mre films.
C.It is a character familiar t mst children.D.It was featured mre in films fr yunger children.
8.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Are Mvies with Mral Lessns Ppular?
B.Des the Film Industry Fail Its Yung Audience?
C.What Can Children Learn frm Watching Mvies?
D.Are Films fr Teens Different frm Films fr Yung Children?
【答案】5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了兒童和青少年看電影不僅僅是為了娛樂,它們還包括什么是對與錯,怎樣的行為可以造就英雄或產(chǎn)生壞人,以及如何應(yīng)對道德挑戰(zhàn)這樣的信息。但是,兒童和青少年想看包含道德行為教育的電影嗎?加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員在最近的一份報告中探討了這個問題。
5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Cnsider The Hate U Give, a mvie that deals with hw teens can use their vice against racialized gun vilence. Or WALL-E, which cntains messages abut envirnmental destructin and cnsumerism.(想想《你給予的仇恨》吧,這部電影講述了青少年如何用自己的聲音反對種族化的槍支暴力?;蛘摺稒C器人總動員》,它包含了環(huán)境破壞和消費主義的信息)”可知,《你給的仇恨》講述了青少年如何用自己的聲音反對種族化的槍支暴力,《機器人總動員》包含了環(huán)境破壞和消費主義的信息。因此,它們都很可能可以培養(yǎng)價值觀。故選B。
6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Mvies that nticeably featured character strengths tended t make mre mney n the pening weekend bth within the United States and internatinally cmpared t mvies withut character strengths: This was true even when the researchers accunted fr hw many stars the film received, and the audience and critic scres, s their success wasn’t just abut being better-quality mvies.(與沒有角色優(yōu)勢的電影相比,具有明顯角色優(yōu)勢的電影往往在美國國內(nèi)和國際上的首映周末都能賺到更多的錢:即使研究人員考慮了這部電影獲得的明星數(shù)量、觀眾和評論家的評分,這也是正確的,所以它們的成功并不僅僅是因為電影質(zhì)量更好)”可知,該報告發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于人物力量的電影獲得了可觀的票房收入。故選C。
7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“But qualities like humility (謙遜) and integrity (正直) were less cmmnly highlighted (in fewer than 100 films each). “These are the character strengths that children struggle with the mst, and s creatrs may be missing an pprtunity t help children where they need it mst,” explain the researchers. The reprt als fund mvies made fr 13- t 18-year-lds had fewer character strengths cmpared t mvies fr yunger children.(但謙遜和正直這樣的品質(zhì)卻不太常被強調(diào)(各自在不到100部電影中出現(xiàn))。研究人員解釋說:“這些都是孩子們最難以克服的性格優(yōu)勢,所以創(chuàng)作者可能會錯過一個幫助孩子們最需要幫助的機會?!痹搱蟾孢€發(fā)現(xiàn),為13至18歲的青少年拍攝的電影與為更年幼的兒童拍攝的電影相比,角色優(yōu)勢更少)”可知,“誠信”品質(zhì)應(yīng)該在更多電影中被強調(diào)。故選B。
8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“But d children and teens want t watch mvies cntaining lessns abut mral behavir? Researchers at UCLA explred the questin in a recent reprt. They analyzed ver 1,700 mvies fr children and teens released in theaters after 2010 t see hw many character strengths were featured in each film. The quality and success f the films were measured in different ways: hw many stars each mvie received, hw much mney each mvie made in ticket sales during the pening weekend, and audience and film critic scres.(但是,兒童和青少年想看包含道德行為教訓(xùn)的電影嗎?加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員在最近的一份報告中探討了這個問題。他們分析了2010年之后在影院上映的1700多部兒童和青少年電影,看看每部電影中有多少角色優(yōu)勢。電影的質(zhì)量和成功是通過不同的方式來衡量的:每部電影獲得了多少明星,每部電影在首映周末的票房收入,以及觀眾和影評人的評分)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了兒童和青少年看電影不僅僅是為了娛樂,它們還包括什么是對與錯,怎樣的行為可以造就英雄或產(chǎn)生壞人,以及如何應(yīng)對道德挑戰(zhàn)這樣的信息。但是,兒童和青少年想看包含道德行為教育的電影嗎?加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員在最近的一份報告中探討了這個問題。故A選項“有道德教訓(xùn)的電影受歡迎嗎”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
二、完形填空
A wman and her dg walked thrugh the airprt, passing by dzens f peple. Suddenly the dg 9 withut making a sund, it sat like a statue and stared at a man carrying a suitcase.
The wman 10 the man carefully, waiting until he put dwn the suitcase. Then she shuted, “Plice. Dn’t make a mve!” Other 11 mved in. They quickly 12 the suitcase. The man had been carrying a bmb in it! On the TV news that evening, the 13 was a her. Thanks t this plice dg, smething terrible had been 14 . Lucky, the plice dg, had fund the bmb in a way n human ever culd. The dg had nt 15 r heard the dangerus device inside the suitcase. 16 , the animal had fund it with its 17 . Lucky had smelled the bmb.
A dg can sense drs (氣味) that are thusands f times t 18 fr peple t smell. The part f a dg’s brain that deals with drs is much larger than that 19 part f the human brain. Peple depend n differences in 20 in rder t tell things apart. A dg n the ther hand, depends n differences in 21 .
Everything and everyne has an dr. That’s why highly trained dgs are ften used by the plice t 22 peple r find drugs. They have been taught t 23 specific smells. The animals’ sense f smell is s pwerful that they can even tell if a persn has recently tuched a certain bject.
Many f the different kinds f materials used in bmbs give ff exactly the same dr. A dg learns t search fr it. If the dg finds a bmb, hwever, it must never 24 it. It must nt let the persn wh is 25 the bmb knw. Instead, the dg has been trained t 26 . Plice fficers watch fr this 27 . Then, when the dg has finished 28 jb, plice can make their mve.
9.A.stppedB.diedC.jumpedD.a(chǎn)ttempted
10.A.refusedB.helpedC.watchedD.served
11.A.dgsB.carsC.a(chǎn)nimalsD.fficers
12.A.unpackedB.remvedC.tappedD.threw
13.A.wmanB.manC.a(chǎn)nimalD.fficer
14.A.warnedB.plannedC.cveredD.prevented
15.A.seenB.usedC.carvedD.bent
16.A.TherefreB.InsteadC.ThenD.Meanwhile
17.A.earsB.eyesC.tngueD.nse
18.A.farB.smallC.weakD.near
19.A.specialB.sameC.littleD.right
20.A.sundB.languageC.a(chǎn)ppearanceD.expressin
21.A.sizeB.tasteC.clurD.smell
22.A.fllwB.a(chǎn)dptC.cnveyD.tease
23.A.cverB.recgnizeC.likeD.make
24.A.transfrmB.banC.shwD.spill
25.A.searchingB.clearingC.carryingD.delivering
26.A.sleepB.runC.changeD.sit
27.A.wrdB.gestureC.niseD.day
28.A.itsB.hisC.herD.their
【答案】
9.A 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,主要講述了狗可以利用嗅覺來辨別東西,所以被訓(xùn)練用來幫助搜尋炸彈。
9.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:突然,狗停了下來,沒有發(fā)出任何聲音,它像一尊雕像一樣坐著,盯著一個提著手提箱的人。A. stpped停止,停下;B. died死;C. jumped跳;D. attempted努力;嘗試。根據(jù)句中的“it sat like a statue”可知,狗一動不動地坐著,所以這里是說它停了下來。故選A。
10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:女人仔細地看著男人,一直等到他放下手提箱。A. refused拒絕;B. helped幫助;C. watched觀看,觀察;D. served服務(wù)。根據(jù)句中的“waiting until he put dwn the suitcase”可知,女人是仔細地看著男人,直到他放下手提箱。故選C。
11.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:其他警官沖上前來。A. dgs狗;B. cars汽車;C. animals動物;D. fficers軍官,警察。根據(jù)上文中的“Plice. Dn’t make a mve!(警察。別動!)”可知,這位女警察警告男人不要輕舉妄動,接著其他警官沖上前來。故選D。
12.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他們迅速打開手提箱。A. unpacked打開(盒子﹑包﹑手提箱等);B. remved去除;C. tapped輕拍;D. threw拋,扔。根據(jù)下文中的“The man had been carrying a bmb in it!(那個人一直在里面攜帶炸彈!)”可知,警察打開手提箱,發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有炸彈。故選A。
13.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那天晚上的電視新聞中,這只動物成了英雄。A. wman女人;B. man男人;C. animal動物;D. fficer軍官,警察。根據(jù)下文中的“Thanks t this plice dg”可知,這只警犬幫助搜查到了炸彈,成了英雄。故選C。
14.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:多虧了這只警犬,才阻止了可怕的事情發(fā)生。A. warned警告;B. planned計劃;C. cvered遮蓋;D. prevented阻止。根據(jù)上文描寫的狗幫助抓到攜帶炸彈行李箱的人和下文中的“the plice dg, had fund the bmb”可知,狗在炸彈爆炸前發(fā)現(xiàn)了炸彈,所以是阻止了可怕的事情發(fā)生。故選D。
15.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:這只狗沒有看到或聽到手提箱里的危險裝置。A. seen看見;B. used用;C. carved雕刻;D. bent彎曲。根據(jù)下文中的“Lucky had smelled the bmb.(Lucky聞到了炸彈的味道。)”可知,這只狗沒有看到或聽到手提箱里的危險裝置,而是靠嗅覺找到的。故選A。
16.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:相反,這只動物是用鼻子發(fā)現(xiàn)的。A. Therefre因此;B. Instead反而,卻;C. Then然后;D. Meanwhile同時。上文“The dg had nt 15 r heard the dangerus device inside the suitcase.(這只狗沒有看到或聽到手提箱里的危險裝置。)”說這只狗不是靠視覺或聽覺找到炸彈的,“the animal had fund it with its ___17__. Lucky had smelled the bmb.”說它是用鼻子發(fā)現(xiàn)的,前后之間是替代轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,應(yīng)用Instead。故選B。
17.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. ears耳朵;B. eyes眼睛;C. tngue舌頭;D. nse鼻子。根據(jù)下文中的“Lucky had smelled the bmb.(Lucky聞到了炸彈的味道。)”可知,那只狗是用鼻子嗅到炸彈的。故選D。
18.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:狗能感覺到微弱數(shù)千倍的氣味,而人們聞不到。A. far遠的;B. small小的;C. weak微弱的;D. near差不多的。根據(jù)下文中的“The animals’ sense f smell is s pwerful”可知,狗的嗅覺非常強大,所以能夠聞到非常微弱的味道,而這種味道對人類來說太過微弱而聞不到。故選C。
19.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:狗的大腦處理氣味的部分比人類大腦的相同部分大得多。A. special特別的;B. same相同的;C. little小的;D. right正確的。根據(jù)句中的“The part f a dg’s brain that deals with drs is much larger than”和空后的“part f the human brain”可知,這里是對狗和人的大腦中處理氣味的部分進行比較,這是相同的部分。故選B。
20.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:人們根據(jù)外表的不同來區(qū)分事物。A. sund聲音;B. language語言;C. appearance外觀,外表;D. expressin表情。根據(jù)空后的“in rder t tell things apart”和上文中的“Lucky had smelled the bmb.(Lucky聞到了炸彈的味道。)”可知,狗靠嗅覺來區(qū)分事物,這和人不同,所以人是靠外表來區(qū)分事物的。故選C。
21.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:另一方面,狗依靠不同的氣味(來區(qū)分事物)。A. size尺寸;B. taste味道;C. clur顏色;D. smell氣味。根據(jù)上文的“Lucky had smelled the bmb.(Lucky聞到了炸彈的味道。)”可知,狗依靠不同的氣味來區(qū)別事物。故選D。
22.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:這就是為什么警察經(jīng)常用訓(xùn)練有素的狗來跟蹤人或?qū)ふ叶酒?。A. fllw跟隨;B. adpt收養(yǎng),采用;C. cnvey表達,傳遞(思想、感情等);D. tease戲弄。根據(jù)空后的“peple r find drugs”及常識可知,警察用警犬來跟蹤人或?qū)ふ叶酒贰9蔬xA。
23.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:它們被教會識別特定的氣味。A. cver覆蓋;B. recgnize認出,認識;C. like喜歡;D. make制作。根據(jù)空后的“specific smells”和上文的“A dg n the ther hand, depends n differences in ___21___.(另一方面,狗依靠不同的氣味。)”以及“That’s why highly trained dgs are ften used by the plice t 22 peple r find drugs.(這就是為什么警察經(jīng)常用訓(xùn)練有素的狗來跟蹤人或?qū)ふ叶酒贰?”可知,狗依靠氣味來辨別東西,所以為了執(zhí)行跟蹤人或?qū)ふ叶酒返娜蝿?wù),狗會被訓(xùn)練去識別特定的氣味。故選B。
24.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,如果狗發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚炸彈,它決不能表現(xiàn)出來。A. transfrm使改變形態(tài);B. ban禁止;C. shw給……看,表現(xiàn);D. spill(使)灑出。根據(jù)下文中的“It must nt let the persn wh is ___25____ the bmb knw.(它決不能讓……炸彈的人知道。)”可知,如果狗發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚炸彈,它決不能讓攜帶炸彈的人知道,所以它不會表現(xiàn)出來。故選C。
25.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:它絕對不能讓攜帶炸彈的人知道。A. searching搜尋,搜索;B. clearing清除;C. carrying攜帶;D. delivering遞送。根據(jù)上文中的“If the dg finds a bmb, hwever, it must never 16 it.(然而,如果狗發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚炸彈,它決不能表現(xiàn)出來。)”可知,如果狗發(fā)現(xiàn)了炸彈,它不能表現(xiàn)出來,它不能讓攜帶炸彈的人知道。故選C。
26.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:相反,這只狗被訓(xùn)練坐下。A. sleep睡覺;B. run跑;C. change改變;D. sit坐。根據(jù)第一段中的“Suddenly the dg 9 withut making a sund, it sat like a statue and stared at a man carrying a suitcase.(突然,狗停了下來,沒有發(fā)出任何聲音,它像一尊雕像一樣坐著,盯著一個提著手提箱的人。)”可知,狗發(fā)現(xiàn)炸彈時會坐下來。故選D。
27.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:警察注意著這個姿勢。A. wrd單詞;B. gesture姿勢;C. nise噪音;D. day一天。根據(jù)上文的“the dg has been trained t ___26___”可知,狗被訓(xùn)練在發(fā)現(xiàn)炸彈時坐下,而配合辦案的警察就會注意著這個姿勢。故選B。
28.考查代詞詞義辨析。句意:然后,當(dāng)狗完成它的工作后,警察可以采取他們的行動。A. its它的;B. his他的;C. her她的;D. their他們的。根據(jù)空后的“jb”可知,這里指狗發(fā)現(xiàn)炸彈的工作,這是狗的工作。故選A。
拓展突破練
1. (2023年北京卷.語法填空)I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest____________ (arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】had arrived
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:我在約定的時間赴宴,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場,女主人還穿著睡衣。turn up用于一般過去時,“沒有其他客人到場”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“我出現(xiàn)在約定的時間”之前,所以arrive應(yīng)該用過去完成時,所以填had arrived。
2. (2023年北京卷.語法填空)Up t nw, China ___________(establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
【答案】has established
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:到目前為止,中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護區(qū)。由up t nw可知,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時,所以填has established。
3. (2022年北京卷.語法填空)The use f thse plastics ____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019.
【答案】has increased
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:自從2019年以來,那些塑料的使用已經(jīng)增加了300%。Since表示“自從”,后面接過去的時間,句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。所以填has increased。
4. (2021年天津卷.單項選擇)I wanted t make dumplings but fund I ____________(run ut f) flur, s I went ut t buy sme.
【答案】had run ut f
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:我想做餃子,但是發(fā)現(xiàn)我已經(jīng)把面粉用完了,所以我出去買了一些。
wanted,fund都是發(fā)生在過去,面粉用完應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)fund之前的動作,所以填had run ut f。
5. (2021年天津卷.單項選擇)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ (ffer) jbs by a dzen cmputer cmpanies.
【答案】had been ffered
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:馬克是個天才。到他畢業(yè)的時候,他已經(jīng)被很多電腦公司提供了工作的機會。ffer結(jié)構(gòu)為ffer sb. sth.跟雙賓語,此處表示“他被提供工作”,所以應(yīng)該用被動態(tài)。又因為By the time為連詞,連接句子謂語動詞為一般過去時的時候,主句用過去完成時。所以填had been ffered。
6. (2021年天津卷.單項選擇)Althugh a few have cme and gne, the restaurant's regular custmers __________(remain) the same fr nearly 40 years.
【答案】have remained
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:雖然幾個人來來往往,但是這家飯館的??鸵恢币詠?0年間保持不變。
因為althugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示到目前為止的狀況,所以主句部分的時態(tài)保持一致,所以填have remained。
7. (2021年北京卷.語法填空)There ______ (be)a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years,caused largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
【答案】has been
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:在過去的20年里,極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加,這在很大程度上是由 全球氣溫上升造成的。根據(jù)時間狀語ver the past 20 years, 此處為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性短語,所以填has been。
8. (2021年全國新課標(biāo)I.閱讀理解B篇)Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but ___________(be) the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years.
【答案】has been
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:Tittertn先生目前是歐米茄合唱團的主席,并且在過去的4年中一直是這個團隊的官方翻頁人。fr the past fur years為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性短語,所以此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。因為此處主語為第三人稱單數(shù),所以填has been。
9. (2020年天津卷.單項選擇) The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ (remain) arund that level since.
【答案】has remained
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:在20世紀(jì)90年代,醫(yī)學(xué)校的數(shù)量達到了18所,并且自從那時開始,這個數(shù)量一直維持大概那個水平。since為關(guān)鍵的介詞,指代since the early 1990s,所以句子的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。另外,句子的主語為the number f medical schls,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。所以填has remained。
10. (2020年天津卷.單項選擇) The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true what Prfessr Jseph ___________(say).
【答案】had said
【詳解】考查過去完成時。句意:這個學(xué)生完成了實驗,實現(xiàn)約瑟夫教授所說的內(nèi)容。這句話的謂語動詞為cmpleted為一般過去時,而約瑟夫教授所說的話,應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“cmpleted the experiment”之前,所以填had said。
現(xiàn)在完成時
過去完成時
形式
has/have +dne
had +dne
概念
過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并對現(xiàn)在造成影響
過去某一時刻已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻或在此時刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作
標(biāo)志性詞
s far, until nw, up t nw, till nw, in/ver the last/past+段時間,these days…
by, by the time, befre, when
這是一份高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)15 閱讀表達專練(2份,原卷版+解析版),文件包含高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)15閱讀表達專練原卷版docx、高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)15閱讀表達專練解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共14頁, 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)12 完形填空專練(2份,原卷版+解析版),文件包含高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)12完形填空專練原卷版docx、高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)12完形填空專練解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共26頁, 歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)09選擇性必修1 重點句型復(fù)習(xí)(2份,原卷版+解析版),文件包含高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)09選擇性必修1重點句型復(fù)習(xí)原卷版docx、高二英語寒假培優(yōu)練習(xí)寒假作業(yè)09選擇性必修1重點句型復(fù)習(xí)解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源,其中試卷共25頁, 歡迎下載使用。
注冊成功