專題06 閱讀理解記敘文- 高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練（北京專用）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

2024 年北京高考英語閱讀理解試題題材廣泛，涵蓋人與自我、人與社會和人與自然等多個主題語境，貼近時代、貼近社會、貼近生活、貼近學生。試題依托語篇，全面考查學生的閱讀理解能力，突出高階思維的考查，引導中學教學回歸課標、回歸課堂。閱讀理解的選材注重價值引領(lǐng)，體現(xiàn)學科的育人功能。例如，有的文章講述了作者在一次考試失敗后，不斷突破自我、鍥而不舍追逐夢想的歷程；有的文章指出人類應停止“宇宙是不是模擬”的爭論，依托新的科技成果，創(chuàng)造性地探索未知世界；還有的文章從科學的視角探討道德規(guī)范的根源。這些文章不僅有助于考生獲取有效信息，正確認識世界和中國發(fā)展大勢，還能培養(yǎng)考生的國際意識和文化素養(yǎng)。
閱讀理解題型多樣，包括細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題等。試題考查考生對語篇內(nèi)容、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和把握，以及對語篇內(nèi)容的分析、闡釋和評價。
記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個線索的引導下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應特別注意：(1)若是一般故事性文章，應讀懂故事的發(fā)生，發(fā)展，高潮和結(jié)局；(2)若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；(3)若是“逸聞趣事”，應體會對話的風趣性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。
題型01 細節(jié)事實題
【題型詮釋】
細節(jié)題幾乎是每一篇記敘文閱讀理解中都會出現(xiàn)的題型，圍繞文章主題考查學生對具體信息點的理解。一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序(時間、空間、情感變化等)排列起來，來進一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。
細節(jié)理解題目主要考查學生對文章具體事實和細節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。包括三種題型：1.直接事實題；2.間接事實題；3. 數(shù)據(jù)推算。
【典例】
（2024·北京·一模）“Yur mther needs a new heart,” my father tld me when I called n that December afternn. An unrelenting ptimist, he spke as if she merely needed t have a part replaced. But, althugh my tw sisters and I knew that ur mther had heart prblems, this news still made us frzen fr a while with ur eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran f the transplant team reviewed my mther’s medical histry. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat fr mst f her life. Her present treatment — the use f a series f cardiversins, r electric jlts, t restre a nrmal heartbeat — wuld nt wrk in the lng-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medicatin,” Dr. Semigran said, “yu have a 60 percent chance f living six mnths. Yu culd have a lnger life with a transplant, but there are risks. Yu’re at the tp end f the age grup f sixty years ld. The lungs and ther rgans must be healthy and strng. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightfrward prcedure, acceptance by the bdy is the difficult thing.”
My family came tgether, trying t prvide strength and wrk ut what t d. We’d already gne frm shck, ver ur mther’s cnditin, t wrry that she wuldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite f the risk, we chse t believe that she wuld make it eventually.
Wrd came later in December that she had been accepted int the prgramme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin tld us ne f the reasns she had been accepted was that she had such strng family supprt.
One Mnday in May, at abut 8 p. m., my mther received a phne call frm the hspital that a heart was available. As she was abut t be wheeled ff, my father tk her face in his hands and lked int her eyes. His lk said everything abut their 42-year relatinship.
The heart transplant peratin was successful and the cnditins culd nt have been better.
The irny f the transplant prcess is that ne family’s lss is anther’s gain; that tragedy begets frtune. It is a kind f life after death, ur hearts beating beynd us. We develped a feeling f lve fr this new part, f gratitude fr the dctrs, fr the prcess, and fr thse peple wh made a decisin just fr humanity.
73．Hw did the sisters feel t the news that their mther needed a new heart?
A．Frightened.B．Astnished.C．Wrried.D．Annyed.
74．Which is the factr t affect the pssibility f their mther’s heart transplant?
A．Her abnrmal heart beat.
B．The age f ver sixty years ld.
C．Her willingness t the transplant.
D．The adaptatin f the new heart in the bdy.
75．What made the transplant team decide t have the peratin?
A．That her lungs were healthy.
B．That a new heart had been fund.
C．That her family were expecting the peratin.
D．That her family trusted the dctrs' medical level.
題型02 主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷題
【題型詮釋】
寫作意圖題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的寫作意圖。題干中常有 purpse, in rder t 等詞。不同體裁文章的寫作意圖不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂讀者(t entertain)；廣告類應用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(t advertise);議論文的目的是要闡述論點(t argue/persuade);科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識（t infrm)。這類題型經(jīng)?？疾槎涛牡臉祟}(title, headline)；短文或段落的主題(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的寫作目的(purpse)。
此類題的設(shè)問方式:
1.What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2.What des the secnd paragraph mainly discuss?
3.What is the passage mainly abut?
4.The main purpse f annuncing the abve events is __________.
【典例】
（2024·北京通州·模擬預測）When Emma wke up, she knew it was ging t be ne f thse days. She felt unwell — a cld had taken hld f her. Still, she needed t brave the strm f respnsibilities at wrk. Emma dragged herself ut f bed and gt ready fr wrk. Then she put n her raincat and went ut int the puring rain. As she walked, she fught against the bad weather. Emma’s umbrella was almst useless as it was raining cats and dgs. Then like a blt frm the blue, the wind blew it inside ut. She was immediately wet frm head t te. She said t herself in a quiet vice. “What a day t frget my rain bts!”
At the ffice, the day was as strmy as the weather. She had a muntain f tasks. Handling endless emails and phne calls shuld have been a light wind. But befre lng, she was desperate t take a break s she culd get a secnd wind.
Then, at exactly the mment, her cwrker Alex came t her rescue. Alex was nt a fair-weather friend but was always ready t lend a hand. With a warm smile, he ffered t help Emma. Having Alex assist her was like a ray f sunshine n a rainy day. Their laughter and gd-fellwship as they cmpleted their tasks made the hurs pass quickly.
On her way hme, Emma reflected n the day, which had ended up being surprisingly pleasant. She realized that every clud did indeed have a silver lining. Tday, that silver lining had been her wnderful clleague, Alex.
When Emma arrived hme, she decided t send Alex a heartfelt message f appreciatin. She wrte, “Thanks fr being my ray f sunshine in this rainy day!” It was a simple message, but it carried a lt f meaning.
That night, listening t it rain cats and dgs utside, Emma culdn’t help but smile. She had weathered the strm with Alex’s help.
56．What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A．Save fr a rainy day.B．Hard wrk pays ff.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
題型03 推理推斷題
【題型詮釋】
推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。這類題旨在考查學生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。推斷題是屬于難度較高的一類題型，需要學生在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過分析語篇內(nèi)在邏輯和理解其中的細節(jié)內(nèi)容的暗示，理解文章深層意義和隱含意義，然后作出一定的推理判斷，切忌憑空猜想，而要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，對文章信息細致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深層含義，同時也要注意避免過度推斷。
此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer, imply, suggest, cnclude 等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：
1. We can infer frm the passage that __________.
2. What / Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
3. It can be inferred / cncluded (frm Paragraph 3) that __________.
4. The authr suggests / The writer implies in this paragraph that __________.
5. On the whle / Frm the text / After reading the passage, we can cnclude that __________.
6. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
7. The authr is inclined t think that __________.
8. When the writer talks abut, what he really means is that __________.
9. What’s the writer’s attitude / feeling 
10. In the writer’s pinin,...
【典例】
（2024·北京順義·二模）Up t the age f ten, I did nt mind at all the fact that my elder sister was different. The child psychlgist had termed it as “Asperger Syndrme”, a disease that affects hw a persn scializes with thers.
It was nly at the age f ten that I started t becme aware f my scial life and self-image that I had carefully shaped. My sister, n the ther hand, was scially awkward. She wuld mumble (咕噥) t herself and repeat the wrds she had just said under her breath. She, hwever, was academically capable, and hence we attended the same primary schl. Despite this, I never, ever acknwledged in public that she was my sister.
Being in primary six, abut t graduate, my sister and her classmates had t put up a perfrmance, whether in a grup, r individually. Due t her inability t integrate, my sister was the nly ne left withut a grup. “I’ll sing,” my sister tld my parents, smewhat cnfidently. Hearing that, I was taken aback. Hw culd my sister sing in frnt f the schl? She wuld embarrass me, ne way r anther. “N!” I remember prtesting. My parents sht me a lk.
N ne knws she is yur sister. It is fine, yu d nt need t tell anyne. I remember telling myself these exact lines as I sat in the hall, waiting fr the perfrmances t start. The curtains parted t reveal the nly sl (獨唱) — my sister. It tk abut a whle minute fr her t state her name and class and by that time, whispers were heard in the audience.
“Why is she taking s lng?” peple arund me asked. I shifted nervusly in my seat. Finally, my sister started t sing. I was prepared fr the wrst. She pened her muth, and I was transfixed — she sang effrtlessly. Her vice rang thrugh the hall, beautiful in its pwer. I listened ever s carefully t the wrds that she had cmpsed all by herself.
Guilt and shame filled my heart. Althugh she knew that I was embarrassed by her and was unwilling t attend her cncert, my sister had frgiven me; she had never taken anything that I had dne t her t heart. It was then that I reslved t lve her uncnditinally.
70．Why did the authr prtest against his sister’s decisin?
A．T challenge his parents.B．T fllw ther students.
C．T keep his sister’s image.D．T prtect his self-respect.
71．What d we knw abut the authr’s sister?
A．She always gt full marks in primary schl.
B．She refused t frm a grup with ther students.
C．She gave an excellent perfrmance befre graduatin.
D．She delivered an inspiring speech in frnt f the schl.
72．What lessn did the authr learn frm his sister?
A．Take nthing t heart.B．Lve withut cnditin.
C．Stick t ne’s wn chice.D．Learn frm anyne arund.
題型04 詞義、句義猜測題
【題型詮釋】
詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解，旨在考查學生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯和短語的能力，包括超綱詞義、熟詞生義、代詞的指代關(guān)系、俗語、特殊表達等，因此學生不僅需要加強語境中的理解推斷能力，也需要在平時注意積累和擴大詞匯量。
此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：
1.The wrd “...” in be replaced by...
2.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests...
3.Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase “...” is/referred t...
4.The wrd “...” is clsest in meaning t...
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。
【高考真題】
【2024北京卷】
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and jyusly making marks n the walls at hme. In primary schl, I learned t write using chalks. Writing seemed t be anther frm f drawing. I shaped individual letters int repeating lines, which were abstract frms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secndary schl, art was my favurite subject. Since. I lved it s much I thught I was gd at it. Fr the art O-level exam I had t present an il painting. I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.
But ther channels f creativity stayed pen: I went n writing pems and stries. Still, I went t exhibitins ften. I cntinued my habitual drawing, which I nw characterised as childish ddling (亂畫). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art. Hwever, I culdn’t let myself have a g at actually ding it. Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big wman in red apprached me, handed me a bag f paints, and tld me t start painting. The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. Accrdingly, I started by experimenting with water clurs. Finally, I bught sme il paints.
Althugh I have enjyed breaking my decades-lng tab abut wrking with il paints, I have discvered I nw prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn int cartns I send t friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxius. This time arund, I can accept my limitatins but keep ging.
Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. That dream reminded me that thse fears and desires culd encurage me t take risks and make experiments.
24. Hw did the authr feel abut the result f the art exam?
A. Scared.B. Wrried.C. Discuraged.D. Wrnged.
25. In her 30s, the authr _________.
A. avided il painting practiceB. sught fr a painting career
C. fancied abstract paintingD. exhibited child paintings
26. Which wrd wuld best describe the authr’s dream?
A. Cnfusing.B. Empwering.
C. Disturbing.D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Hard wrk is the mther f success.
C. Dreams are the reflectins f realities.D. Creative activities invlve being cnfident.
【2023北京卷】
【2023北京卷】Sitting in the garden fr my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振動) in my pcket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…” and my visin blurred (模糊). The psitin—measuring sil quality in the Sahara Desert as part f an undergraduate research prgramme — had felt like the answer I had spent years lking fr.
I had put s much time and emtinal energy int applying, and I thught the rejectin meant the end f the rad fr my science career.
S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all.
I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue.
When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my desired research directin. And I applied with the same anxius excitement as befre. When I was rejected frm ne that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (視角) t keep it frm sending me int panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted int ne f the ther prgrammes I was als excited abut.
Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them.
24．Hw did the authr feel upn seeing the email sender’s name?
A．Anxius.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.
25．After talking with Prfessr Devn, the authr decided t ________.
A．criticise the review prcessB．stay lnger in the Sahara Desert
C．a(chǎn)pply t the riginal prject againD．put his heart and sul int the lab wrk
26．Accrding t the authr, the prject with the rbtics prfessr was ________.
A．demandingB．inspiringC．misleadingD．a(chǎn)musing
27．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．An invitatin is a reputatin.B．An innvatin is a reslutin.
C．A rejectin can be a redirectin.D．A reflectin can be a restrictin.
【2022北京卷】
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
I am writing this just six mnths since my jurney began and I’ve realised that my biggest bstacle ( 障礙 ) this whle time was myself. It was that vice in the back f my head telling me that ne phrase that has stpped s many peple frm reaching their ptential: I can’t. They say gd things cme t thse wh wait; I say: grab every pprtunity with everything yu have and be impatient. After all, nature des nt require ur patience, but ur actin.
24. What was the main cause fr Alice’s anxiety?
A. Her inability t act her age.B. Her habit f cnsumptin.
C. Her desire t be perfect.D. Her lack f inspiratin.
25. Hw did Grant Brwn’s presentatin influence Alice?
A. She decided t d smething fr nature.B. She tasted the sweetness f friendship.
C. She learned abut the harm f desire.D. She built up her curage t speak up.
26. The activities Alice jined in helped her t becme mre ________.
A. intelligentB. cnfidentC. innvativeD. critical
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C. Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
【2021北京卷】
I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（學期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin．When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me．After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids．When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（絕望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child．
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether．When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child．Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted．While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it．I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n．When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget．
In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．
24. Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A. It wuld affect his/her initial plans．
B. It wuld invlve traveling verseas．
C It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade．
D. It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins．
25. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A. Images f Iraqi children．B. Research by his/her classmates．
C. A teacher's intrductin．D. A representative's cmments．
26. The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t________．.
A. becme OIC vlunteersB. further their educatin
C. study in freign cuntriesD. influence ther children
27. What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A. One's ptential cannt always be underrated．
B. First impressin cannt always be trusted．
C. Actins speak luder than wrds．
D. He wh hesitates is lst．
【2020北京卷】
Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr's intentin remains as mysterius（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it," she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn't just abut playing arund with French mud. Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them. It can even help slve present-day prblems: In 2015, scientists discvered that a 10th-century English medicine fr eve prblems culd kill a drug-resistant virus.
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw n bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn. Schlars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Rman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbw f striking clurs. We can't appreciate these kinds f details withut seeing wrks f art as they riginally appeared-smething Smith believes yu can d nly when yu have a rad map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas int practice. Her final gal is t link the wrlds f art and science back tgether: She believes that bringing the ld recipes t life can help develp a kind f learning that highlights experimentatin, teamwrk, and prblem slving.
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering（修補）, as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
38. Hw did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A. Cnfused abut the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructins.
C. Discuraged by its cmplex structure.
D. Shcked fr her wn lack f hand skills.
39. Accrding t Smith, the recnstructin wrk is dne mainly t _____________.
A. restre ld wrkshpsB. understand the craftsmen
C. imprve visual effectsD. inspire the philsphers
40. Why des the authr mentin museums?
A. T reveal the beauty f ancient bjects.
B. T present the findings f ld science.
C T highlight the imprtance f antiques.
D. T emphasise the values f hand skills.
41. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
【最新?？肌?br>【2024·北京朝陽·一?！?br>My birth was a little mre dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the wrld. I was brn missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.
Hwever, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day f high schl. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket. I tld myself that I’d just hide it that ne day, while I was trying t make friends. But ne day f hiding turned int a week, a mnth, and years — 25 f them t be exact.
When I was 38 years ld, tired f hiding and lnely, I met smene special and invited him in. The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it — lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.
It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t. It changed hw I lived my entire life and made me happier. I als discvered and jined the Lucky Fin Prject, an rganisatin devted t peple with all types f disabilities.
Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt. It’s time t change that.
21．What was the authr’s childhd like?
A．She had n scial interactins with friends.
B．She was raised with care and treated nrmally.
C．She faced sme challenges in schl activities.
D．She was upset abut the attentin t her difference.
22．What happened t the authr when she was 13 years ld?
A．She began t ignre her disability.
B．She suffered prejudice frm sme kids.
C．She started hiding herself away frm friends.
D．She became sensitive due t her self-awareness.
23．Hw did the authr change when she stpped hiding?
A．She started t pen up and be herself.
B．She met smene wh cured her disability.
C．She was fed up with the cmpany f thers.
D．She reduced invlvement in the disability grup.
24．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Misfrtune is a gd teacher.
B．Disability is nt a barrier t success.
C．Self-acceptance can lead t self-lve.
D．Nthing beats the feeling f being lved.
【2024·北京朝陽·二模】
When I was nine, my best friend nearly chked t death n a gbstpper, a type f hard candy. After several attempts, she cughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gbstpper since and I have carried with me a fear f seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discvered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting ff a tube train in Lndn when I nticed a wman cughing. I slwed dwn, watching her carefully. I had learned that cughing is rarely a sign that smething is terribly wrng. Suddenly, the wman stpped cughing, her eyes widened and she bent ver.
When I went ver t ask if she was OK, she lked up at me, panicked, and pinted t her back. I started hitting her back and screaming fr help. Despite having watched a few vides, I was terrified that I wuldn’t be able t crrectly perfrm the Heimlich, a first-aid methd, and that I wuld have t walk away with guilt fr her death. But it was just the tw f us, alne at an undergrund statin; if I didn’t try t help, n ne wuld. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her thrat came lse. She thanked me, almst embarrassed, and walked up t the lift. I fllwed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had bth calmed dwn. She tk my hands and thanked me again, befre disappearing. She might have been fine withut my hurried hits n her back — I may nt have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that smene, a stranger whm she wuld never see again, cared.
This experience als taught me abut the bystander effect, where peple assume thers assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t will help, leading t inactin. I get it: the fear f making things wrse, especially if yu have n medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically cmpetent” persn is assumed t be available during an emergency, direct help frm thers is far less likely t ccur. Smetimes, thugh, regardless f wh else culd be nearby, it may be useful t get invlved. S it was with the cughing wman n the tube.
45．Hw did the friend’s chking incident affect the authr?
A．She lived with a sense f guilt.
B．She realized the imprtance f first aid.
C．She develped a fear f witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding f the bystander effect.
46．What did the authr d t help the wman n the tube?
A．She relieved the wman’s cughing.
B．She walked the wman up t the lift.
C．She fund a “medically cmpetent” persn fr her.
D．She perfrmed first aid by hitting the wman’s back.
47．Which situatin can be described as the bystander effect?
A．Yu vlunteered t help an ld man carrying a heavy bag.
B．Yu asked yur brther wh is a dctr t save a dying wman.
C．Yu avided invlvement when seeing an injured lady n the rad.
D．Yu walked away after the rescue men asked yu t leave the scene.
48．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．A gd tun deserves anther.B．Every clud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.D．Actin speaks luder than inactin.
【2024·北京豐臺·二?！?br>Abeid was brn in a village f Tanzania and dreamt f flying a plane, saring (翱翔) thrugh the sky. Due t financial difficulties, he became a wildlife guide instead.
Abeid didn’t give up. He became a chief pilt f ht air ballning at the age f 20. His passin fr flying was matched by his skill bth as a pilt and as a guide. Then, he came up with the idea f flying acrss the Serengeti frm east t west, which wuld take fur flights n successive days, taking ff and landing where n ne had ever seen a balln befre.
As a jurnalist, I was s lucky t make a jurney with Abeid. We were up at 3 am. Abeid walked int the basket and checked the lines and the fastenings. Mments later, he was instructing me t get int it. With barely time t catch my breath, he gave a lng blast (猛吹) n the burners and the basket tipped upright.
Over the fllwing days, we gasped at the jy and wnder f the sky; at the beauty and cmplexity f the land beneath us. There was n fear, just a sense f being part f smething fantastic as we flated in the silence f the African sky.
But nt everything went entirely t Abeid’s carefully wrked-ut plan. The rains that had started t fall every afternn slwed the air. On the final day, we landed 20km shrt f the destinatin. Luckily, we finally made the crssing the next mrning.
When we were returning t the land, crwds f peple shuted and waved. Many children lked up as we flew ver them, and started t run. As Abeid brught the balln dwn, peple gathered arund the balln, pressing against the basket. Thse children were als there, flushed and breathless, eyes wide with amazement. Abeid and I bth lked at each ther in silent agreement. Suddenly we were helping sme children int the basket. Abeid lifted ff and we flew just a few hundred metres with the excited crwd running alngside.
I realized that Abeid’s jurney was mre than just abut flying. It was abut hpe, inspiratin, and the jy f sharing ne’s passin. And as I penned dwn the last wrds f this extrardinary experience, I knew that Abeid’s stry wuld resnate (回蕩) far beynd the Serengeti.
65．What did Abeid dream f?
A．Being a wildlife guide.B．Being a jurnalist.
C．Flying a ht air balln.D．Flying a plane.
66．Which f the fllwing best describes the jurney acrss the Serengeti?
A．Smth.B．Pineering.C．Painful.D．Ec-friendly.
67．What agreement did Abeid and the authr reach?
A．Shwing their technical skills.B．Teaching the children t be a pilt.
C．Taking the children fr a ride.D．Attracting peple t their shw.
68．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Beautiful View: frm East t West
B．A Balln Adventure: the Dream Saring High
C．Different Jb Experiences: frm a Guide t a Pilt
D．A Wildlife Explratin: the Unfrgettable Experience
年份
主題
語境
詞數(shù)
話題
考點分布
細節(jié)理解
推理
判斷
主旨大意
詞義猜測
2024
人與自我
354
作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性
1
3
0
0
2023
人與自我
386
被拒絕也不是壞事，這意味著你能重新確定自己的方向。
1
3
0
0
2022
人與自然
348
參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮
3
1
0
0
2021
人與自我
379
第一印象不總是可信的
3
0
0
0
2020
人與自我
403
重視手工技能，將手工技能和科學結(jié)合在一起
2
1
1
0

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