專題15 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題- 高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

高考閱讀理解選材來源廣泛，多源于國外英文圖書、報(bào)刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語言地道純正，具有鮮明的語言文化特點(diǎn)。體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會(huì)、文化、地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)及推理判斷。
詞義猜測(cè)題考查的范圍主要在以下幾個(gè)方面：生詞、短語、熟詞生義、句子和代詞的指代。
常見的設(shè)問形式主要有以下幾種：
What des the underlined wrd "..." in t?
What des the underlined phrase "..." in t?
What des the underlined wrd "..." in
What des the authr mean by "..." in
Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "..." in
無論是直接的詞義猜測(cè)題，還是閱讀中需要理解不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞，我們都可以利用構(gòu)詞法、邏輯關(guān)系、語法關(guān)系、生活常識(shí)、文化背景和上下文語境等方法來猜出單詞或短語的意思。
題型01 利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義
【題型詮釋】
1.合成法
合成法是指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞。一般來說，新的合成詞
的意思就是各個(gè)組成詞的意思的綜合。例如：wrkmate是由wrk（工作）和 mate（伙伴）組合成的新單
詞，它的意思是"工友，同事"。這樣的單詞在平時(shí)閱讀中經(jīng)常見到，也比較容易猜測(cè)出它們的意思。
【典例】
Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, "But I’m just nt creative."...
Q:What des the underlined wrd "dwnside" in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
【答案】【解析】B
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，dwnside由dwn和side組成，字面意思為"下面的一邊"，初步可以猜測(cè)出詞義為"不足部分"。再根據(jù)畫線單詞后的"I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking"可知,我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險(xiǎn)，說明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故畫線詞意為"缺點(diǎn)"。
2.派生法
派生法是英語單詞的主要構(gòu)成法，它是通過在基礎(chǔ)詞根上添加前綴或者后綴來構(gòu)造新詞。一般來說，前綴改變?cè)~義不改變?cè)~性；而后綴改變?cè)~性不改變?cè)~義。例如：dis-, un-,im-,in-,ir-,nn-,mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前綴，它們用在單詞的前面往往構(gòu)成原單詞的反義詞。如：appear→disappear, pssible→impssible, like→unlike, smker→nn-smker等。又如前綴re-表示"又，再"；c-表示"共同"；mini-或者micr-表示"小的"；ver-表示"過于"；super-表示"超級(jí)，極"；tele-表示"遠(yuǎn)的"等。
3.轉(zhuǎn)化法
把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。例如：The authr emptied all his pckets t find his ticket．empty由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化用作動(dòng)詞，在此表示"掏空"的意思。又如：Widespread prtests have placed the President under serius pressure.place由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞，表示"安置，使……處于某位置"。
利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義的特點(diǎn)
（1）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)的詞義一般比較接近單詞的真實(shí)意思，準(zhǔn)確率比較高；
（2）有些詞具有多個(gè)詞性或詞義，添加不同的詞綴會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的詞性和意義，需要細(xì)加區(qū)別。例如：like可以作介詞表示"像"，也可以作動(dòng)詞表示"喜歡"，添加否定前綴un-構(gòu)成另一個(gè)介詞unlike表示"不像"，添加另一個(gè)否定前綴dis-構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞dislike表示"不喜歡"。
題型02 利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義
【題型詮釋】
語言表達(dá)總是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系展開的，根據(jù)語言的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系可以粗略地推斷出生詞詞義或大致義域。對(duì)我們猜測(cè)詞義幫助最大的邏輯關(guān)系有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折和因果等。
并列關(guān)系
英語中可以使用als, , similarly, and, r, just as, likewise等詞語表示相同或者相近的意思，這種表示并列的關(guān)系中，只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)單詞，就可以推測(cè)出另一個(gè)單詞的意思。如：Mr. Green lves t talk, and his brthers are similarly lquacius. 分析：這個(gè)句子里面使用了表示并列關(guān)系的單詞and，還使用了表示"相似"的單詞similarly，由此可知，畫線單詞lquacius表達(dá)的意思和"lves t talk"的意思一樣，即"健談的"。
【典例】
Sme plants pump ut smelly chemicals t keep insects away. But thers d duble duty. They pump ut perfumes designed t attract different insects wh are natural enemies t the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch. ...
33.What des the authr mean by "the tables are turned" in paragraph 3?
A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready t fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
【解析】本題考查文章中對(duì)一句話的理解，屬于廣義的詞義猜測(cè)題。在這一句后面，又使用了一句同義并列的句子來對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋，根據(jù)后一句話的意思 "正在吃午餐的攻擊者變成了午餐"可以知道，畫線句子是指形勢(shì)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。A。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
in cntrast, n the cntrary, unlike, hwever, but, despite, while等詞匯常常會(huì)被用來表示前后關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折，其前后表示相反的意思。同樣，我們也可以根據(jù)其中一個(gè)詞匯來推知另一個(gè)表示相反意思的詞匯。如：
Like ples repel; unlike ples attract.
分析：這是一個(gè)典型的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子，前后表達(dá)了相反的意思，還使用了反義對(duì)比的詞匯Like和unlike，由此可知，repel和attract的意思相反，repel在此表示"排斥"。
題型03 利用語法關(guān)系猜詞義
【題型詮釋】
英語的一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或者行文技巧也可以幫助我們猜測(cè)詞義，例如：下定義、定語從句、同位語、自問自答、舉例和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
1.下定義
mean, refer t, is, that is, namely等后的內(nèi)容往往是對(duì)前面進(jìn)行注解性說明的，可以幫助猜測(cè)詞義。
Annealing is a way f making metal sfter by heating it and then letting it cl very slwly.
分析：本句就是一個(gè)由is引起的下定義的句子，is后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)前面生詞作了詳細(xì)注解，故不難猜出anneal是"使（金屬）退火"的意思。
2.定語從句
Jack is nw a flrist, wh keeps a shp fr selling flwers in ur district.
分析：非限制性定語從句修飾限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇,因此根據(jù)后面的從句可猜測(cè)出flrist的意思為"花商"。
3.同位語
同位語是對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明的，所以，同位語也是猜測(cè)單詞詞義的一個(gè)好辦法。
Semantics, the study f the meaning f wrds, is necessary if yu are t speak and read intelligently.
分析：同位語the study f the meaning f wrds解釋了Semantics的意思，因此可知，semantics的意思是"語義學(xué)"。
題型04 利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景猜詞義
【題型詮釋】
在閱讀有關(guān)日常生活或大家比較熟悉的事物的文章時(shí)，即使存在一些生詞，我們也可以根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)以及文化背景來猜測(cè)單詞的意思，
The snake slithered thrugh the grass.分析：蛇是一種爬行動(dòng)物，根據(jù)這個(gè)生活常識(shí)可以猜出，slither意為"爬行"。
Mst f the flwers are beginning t wither because f the cld weather.
分析：天氣寒冷，大多數(shù)花都會(huì)凋謝，這是生活常識(shí)。由此可以猜出，wither的意思是"枯萎，凋謝"。
When a dctr perfrms an peratin n a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic t make him uncnscius, because he des nt want his patient t feel pain r t knw what is happening t him.
分析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，醫(yī)生在給病人動(dòng)手術(shù)之前，通常會(huì)使用麻醉藥來減輕病人的痛苦。由此可知，anaesthetic的意思應(yīng)該是"麻醉藥，麻醉劑"。
【典例】
it happens that a place has tw names: One is named by the peple and the ther by the gvernment. As in many areas, ld habits die hard, and the place cntinues t be called by its unfficial name lng after the meaning is ：What des the underlined phrase "die hard" in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriusly. D. Disappear very slwly.
【解析】本題考查對(duì)短語die hard意思的猜測(cè)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可以知道，習(xí)慣很難改變，而且在漢語中，形容某人固執(zhí)時(shí)也會(huì)使用"死硬"這一說法。再結(jié)合文章意思可知答案。D。
題型05 利用上下文語境猜詞義
【題型詮釋】
在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過上下文和其他單詞有著緊密的聯(lián)系，通過這些聯(lián)系也可以猜測(cè)出單詞的意思，尤其是代詞的指代含義。
代詞指代題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜的情況下設(shè)置的一種題型，考查考生對(duì)復(fù)雜關(guān)系的分析能力，要求考生對(duì)代詞所在句以及緊鄰幾個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都有準(zhǔn)確的理解。文章中的代詞it, that, he, him, them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，考生要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)考生需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括，才能得出代詞所指代的對(duì)象?？忌衫蒙舷挛恼Z境，采用邏輯關(guān)系梳理法，使人物或事物的關(guān)系明朗化。要記住代詞通常出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，根據(jù)這條原則考生可以快速鎖定答案，最后帶入原句中進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
【典例】
We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back — he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at
26.What des the underlined wrd "that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Their belief. B. Their care fr children.
C. Their success. D. Their supprt fr each ther.dt
【解析】代詞指代的大多都是前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的名詞，為了避免重復(fù)而使用了代詞。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，讓作者和朋友走到一起的是兩個(gè)人共同的信念。A。
【高考真題】
（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題）I lve making art and lking at artwrks. I’ve fund myself wndering hw we gain pleasure frm art. And nw neuraesthetics, a cmbinatin f neurscience (神經(jīng)科學(xué)) and aesthetics (美學(xué)), may prvide an answer.
Neuraesthetics is a relatively yung field f research n what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique t see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we cnsider beautiful. Similar research has been dne t understand the “neurnal firewrks” that ccur when we lk at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.
But why d we find sme art beautiful and ther art ugly? Accrding t research, it all cmes dwn t the “aesthetic triad (三元組合)”.
The first part f the triad is sensry-mtr. This invlves perceiving things like clurs, shapes and mvements. Mvement in art has an interesting rle. If yu see a painting f a mvement, like f a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dg, yu feel like ging thrugh a similar experience. The part f yur brain that cntrls yur wn mvements lights up in respnse.
Secnd is emtin-valuatin. This is hw a piece f art makes yu feel, and whether r nt yu appreciate r enjy that feeling. The part f the brain related t pleasure is activated in respnse t smething we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as fund by research using transcranial magnetic stimulatin(TMS) (經(jīng)顱磁刺激). If TMS is applied t a specific part f yur brain behind yur frehead that is particularly imprtant fr decisin-making, yu suddenly like different kinds f art. Such stimulatin prduces significant changes in aesthetic appreciatin f faces, bdies and artwrks.
The third part is meaning-knwledge. This is t d with hw we can cnnect with a piece f art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply persnal, because when tw peple see the same artwrk, ur perceptin can create vastly different experiences f meaning. If we find meaning, then we ften find pleasure. We als get enjyment frm the knwledge f hw smething was made. Fr the images that an artist creates, viewers will prbably get far mre enjyment nce they knw the prcess used t create them.
Infrmed by neuraesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the prcess even mre, enjying the activatin f the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created.
6．What des “neurnal firewrks” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．A beautiful painting r sculpture.
B．The lighting-up f specific brain areas.
C．An advanced brain imaging technlgy.
D．The aesthetic assessment f mdern art.
【答案】6．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)美學(xué)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，以及它如何解釋我們?yōu)楹螘?huì)從藝術(shù)中獲得愉悅感。
6．詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線短語上文“Neuraesthetics is a relatively yung field f research n what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique t see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we cnsider beautiful.(神經(jīng)美學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)年輕的研究領(lǐng)域，研究的是當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行審美評(píng)估時(shí)大腦會(huì)發(fā)生什么。研究人員使用腦成像技術(shù)來觀察當(dāng)我們看到我們認(rèn)為美麗的畫作時(shí)，大腦的哪些區(qū)域會(huì)發(fā)光。)”提出當(dāng)進(jìn)行審美評(píng)估，看到時(shí)美麗的畫作時(shí)，我們大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)“發(fā)光”。劃線詞所在句“Similar research has been dne t understand the “neurnal firewrks” that ccur when we lk at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.(類似的研究已經(jīng)完成，以了解當(dāng)我們看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)發(fā)生的“神經(jīng)元煙花”。)”提出類似研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)诳吹焦奈枞诵牡牡袼?，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生“neurnal firewrks(神經(jīng)元煙花)”。文中將兩種情況進(jìn)行了類比，由此推知，“neurnal firewrks(神經(jīng)元煙花)”與上文中的“大腦的一些區(qū)域會(huì)‘發(fā)光’”是同一個(gè)意思，即指上文中的“The lighting-up f specific brain areas.”。故選B。
（2020·天津·高考真題）Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （無知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
16．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry
【答案】16．B
【分析】本文是議論文。開頭提出問題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——?dú)v史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。
16．猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去。此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫線的where we are tday指的是我們國家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。
【最新模擬】
（2024·天津·一模）“One f the reasns I find this tpic very interesting is because my mm was a smker when I was yunger.” says Lindsn-Hawley, wh studies tbacc and health at the University f Oxfrd.
By studying abut 700 adult smkers, she fund ut that her mm quit the right way—by stpping abruptly and cmpletely.
In her study, participants were randmly assigned t tw grups. One had t quit abruptly n a given day, ging frm abut a pack a day t zer. The ther cut dwn gradually ver the curse f tw weeks. Peple in bth grups used nictine(尼古丁) patches befre they quit, in additin t a secnd frm f nictine replacement, like gum r spray. They als had talk therapy with a nurse befre and after quit day.
Six mnths ut, mre peple wh had quit abruptly had stuck with it—mre than ne-fifth f them, cmpared t abut ne-seventh in the ther grup. Althugh these numbers appear lw, it is much higher than if peple try withut supprt.
And the quit rates were particularly cnvincing given that befre the study started, mst f the peple had said they’d rather cut dwn gradually befre quitting. “If yu’re training fr a marathn, yu wuldn’t expect t turn up and just be able t run it. And I think peple see that fr smking as well. They think, “Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice.” “says Lindsn-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead f giving peple practice, the gradual reductin likely gave them cravings(癮) and withdrawal symptms befre they even reached quit day, which culd be why fewer peple in that grup actually made it t that pint. “Regardless f yur stated preference, if yu’re ready t quit, quitting abruptly is mre effective.” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira.“When yu can qute a specific number like a fifth f the patients were able t quit, that’s cnvincing. It gives them the encuragement, I think, t really g fr it.”Ferreira says.
Peple rarely manage t quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the dds f success.
9．The idea f “a marathn” (Para.5) illustrates the ppular belief that quitting smking
A．is a challenge at the beginningB．needs sme practice first
C．requires a lt f patienceD．is smething few can accmplish
【答案】 9．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了牛津大學(xué)的Lindsn-Hawley現(xiàn)在研究的一項(xiàng)課題。通過研究700名成年的吸煙者，她發(fā)現(xiàn)逐步戒煙有可能會(huì)更能使人上癮甚至出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。而突然戒煙更有效。
9．詞義猜測(cè)題。文章第五段第一句講到“And the quit rates were particularly cnvincing given that befre the study started, mst f the peple had said they’d rather cut dwn gradually befre quitting (考慮到在研究開始之前，大多數(shù)人都表示他們寧愿在戒煙前逐漸減少吸煙，戒煙率尤其令人信服)”以及a marathn后文“Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice (好吧，如果我逐漸減少，就像練習(xí)一樣)”可知，“馬拉松”的想法說明了戒煙首先需要一些練習(xí)。故選B。
（2024·天津·一模）We smetimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s ne f the tricks ur minds play n us, especially when we are in lw spirits.
Actually, it’s unlikely that things were bjectively better in the past. This frm f thinking is called rsy retrspectin, which is a well-studied cgnitive bias. It happens because when we think abut the past, we are mre likely t fcus n psitive generalities than annying details.
If yu think back t a hliday with yur family five years ag, yu’re likely t recall the beautiful views rather than the uncmfrtable bed. In ther wrds, the negative details disappear frm ur memry ver time while the psitive nes remain.
Rsy retrspectin can influence hw we make decisins, and it’s ne f the reasns why we easily return int prblematic relatinships. The lnger it is since we experienced the negative influence f a relatinship, the mre likely we are t let the gd memries utweigh the bad memries and t perhaps frgive unfrgivable behavir. It’s always a gd idea t review ur nstalgic (懷舊的) feelings with a healthy degree f dubt.
But rsy retrspectin des serve an imprtant purpse. It keeps us in a psitive state f mind in the present and is imprtant t ur psychlgical wellbeing. In fact, peple wh tend t remember negative experiences mre than psitive nes are likely t exhibit psychlgical disrders. Research generally suggests that ur happiest days are still t cme. And even if they’re nt, it’s still imprtant t believe that they are. Dn’t shy away frm lking upn the past with a certain degree f nstalgia. But, fr the same reasn, dn’t use the past as an excuse t be unhappy in the present.
12．What des the underlined phrase “rsy retrspectin” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Having a preference fr gd memries.B．Remembering exactly abut the details.
C．Cncentrating n impssible things.D．Thinking bjectively abut the past.
【答案】 12．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了我們的大腦傾向于美化過去的經(jīng)歷，解釋了這一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因以及影響。
12．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“It happens because when we think abut the past, we are mre likely t fcus n psitive generalities than annying details.(之所以會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們回想過去時(shí)，我們更傾向于關(guān)注積極的概況，而不是惱人的細(xì)節(jié))”可知，這種思維方式的出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槲覀兓叵脒^去，更偏愛好的記憶。故劃線詞意思是“偏愛好的記憶”。故選A。
（2024·天津河西·一模）Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives. And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips (微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical (神經(jīng)病學(xué)的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like -Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever, it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns, nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert (靜止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them. Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away frm us.
37．What des the underlined wrd “implanted” mean in paragraph 2?
A．T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin.
B．T design smething new ver a perid f time.
C．T prevent smething frm changing rapidly.
D．T get rid f smething steadily.
【答案】 37．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在我們的世界里，幾乎很難避開科技。我們的手表、汽車、電燈開關(guān)，甚至我們的寵物里都有計(jì)算機(jī)微芯片。文章主要探討了將微芯片植入人類大腦的可能性。
37．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“micrchips(微芯片)”，“int ur brains(進(jìn)入我們的大腦)”和“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.(由于能夠通過計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程發(fā)送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相關(guān)設(shè)備早就被植入大腦。)”可知，微芯片是被植入大腦，劃線詞implanted的意思是 “植入”，和A選項(xiàng)“T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin(通過手術(shù)把某物放入某人體內(nèi))”意思相近，故選A。

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