adversity [?d?v??s?ti] n. 困境; 逆境
meet with/encunter adversity 遇到逆境 adverse cnditins 不利條件 adverse effect 不良反應(yīng)in a dilemma 處于窘境，進(jìn)退兩難 in truble 處于麻煩中in need/in danger 在危難中
adverse adj.不利的;相反的;敵對的dilemma n.(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境; 困境
wage [we?d?] n.工資
wage a trade war with China與中國開展貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)weekly/hurly wage 周薪/時薪ffer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上調(diào)工資
1. wage 通常指按周領(lǐng)取的工資、工錢；2. incme 指收入、收益、所得；3. pay 指工資、薪水；4. salary 通常指按月發(fā)放的薪水、薪金
bitter [?b?t?(r)] adj.嚴(yán)寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
a bitter experience 痛苦的經(jīng)歷n a bitter cld winter mrningshed bitter tears 留下苦澀的淚
bitterly adv.痛苦地bitterness n. 苦味，悲痛
苦的bitter基本義
因遭受不公平對待感到“苦的”
（天氣）嚴(yán)寒的；刺骨的
寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. The weather will sn pass frm this bitter cld t mre spring-like temperatures. _____________ 2. She is said t be very bitter abut the way she was fired. _____________ 3. Sme plants prduce chemicals that taste bitter r cause an unpleasant reactin. _____________ 4. I culdn’t have gne thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.（2011 陜西） _____________
憤憤不平的 / 充滿怨恨的
expeditin [?eksp??d??n] n.探險;遠(yuǎn)征;探險隊
jin / take part in / send / lead an expeditin 派遣、率領(lǐng)、參加一支探險隊be n/plan/make/g n an expeditin （正在、計劃）去（南極）進(jìn)行探險、考察g n a shpping/shipping expeditin 外出購物、釣魚
endurance [?n?dj??r?ns] n.忍耐力;耐久力
beynd endurance 忍無可忍
enduring adj.持久的 endurable adj.可忍受的unendurable adj無法忍受的
vigur [?v?ɡ?(r)] n.精力;力量;活力
be full f vigr/energy 充滿活力
vigurus adj. 精力充沛的 =energetic
turn sb. dwn 拒絕(某人)
turn sb. dwn 拒絕(某人)turn dwn/up the TV 降低(調(diào)高)電視的音量turn t sb./sth.求助于某人，轉(zhuǎn)向某物turn in yur hmewrk交作業(yè)turn n/ff 打開/關(guān)閉按鍵sb./sth. turn ut (t be)原來是it turns ut +that 從句, 原來 it turned ut , adv.事實證明
qualified [?kw?l?fa?d] adj.符合資格;具備……的知識
qualify sb. fr 某人能勝任qualify sb. t d 使某人有資格做be qualified fr...　可勝任……be qualified t d sth. 有資格做某事have (n) qualificatins fr (ding) ... (沒)有(做)……的資格have (n) qualificatins t d (沒)有(做)……的資格
quality n.質(zhì)量qualify vt. 符合資格qualificatin n.資格，資歷
1) There is n dubt that he has qualificatins ________(d)the wrk.2) He’s been infrmed that he desn’t qualify________ the schlarship because f his academic backgrund.3) Just tell Mike whever has a gd knwledge f physics and histry is____________(qualify)fr the psitin.4) There is n dubt that he has ____________(qualify) t d the wrk.5) The test will qualify yu __ ( drive) the new car.
qualificatin
enthusiastic [?n?θju?zi??st?k] adj.熱情的;熱心的
be enthusiastic abut (ding sth.) 對(做某事)熱情/感興趣enthusiasm fr (ding) sth. 對(做)某事熱情
enthusiastically adv.熱情地enthusiasm n.熱情enthusiast n.愛好者
enthusiasm
assign [??sa?n] vt.分派;布置;分配
雙賓：assign sb. sth. ＝ assign sth. t sb. 分配給某人某物assign sb. t sth. 指派某人(做)某一項工作賓補(bǔ)：assign sb. t d sth. 指派某人做某事
assignment n.分配，任務(wù)
分配（某物）；布置（工作、任務(wù)等）
指定“人”到某個位置、職位
指定“物品或任務(wù)等”到人
1. They’ve assigned their best man t the jb. ___________2. The teacher has assigned each f us a hliday task. ___________3. Yu will need t cmplete three written assignments per semester. ___________在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. When I taught, I wuld assign a tpic ________ children which they wuld write abut.2. Our first ____________ (assign) was t read tw shrt stries and then discuss which ne was better.（2011 湖南）
envy [?envi] n.&vt.羨慕;妒忌
envy sb. sth. 羨慕某人某事envy sb. ding sth. 羨慕某人做某事 be envius f 羨慕七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed貪心/gluttny貪吃/slth懶散/envy嫉妒/lust欲
envius adj. 嫉妒的enviusly adj. 嫉妒地
crush [kr??] vt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎 n.擁擠的人群
a crushing defeat 一次慘敗a crushing blw一次沉重的打擊crushed peanuts花生碎have a crush n sb.(短暫的)迷戀某人(不熟識的人)
crushing adj.毀壞性的 crushed adj.被壓碎的
1. Eggs crushes easily. 雞蛋容易_____。2. This dress crushes easily. 這件衣服容易______。3. Her refusal crushed all ur hpes. 她一拒絕,我們的希望全都_____了。4. The bx was crushed when the car ran ver it. 汽車碾過箱子時把它給______了。
sink [s??k] vi.沉沒;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉沒 n.洗碗池
sink int the sea/anger 陷入,沉入be sunk/lst in thught 陷入沉思中sb's heart sinks 某人心沉了下去（指心情沮喪）a sinking feeling 不詳?shù)母杏X,沮喪之情
sink下沉；下落基本義
情緒下沉（由具體到抽象）
程度上下沉（由具體到抽象）
（使）下沉；（使）沉沒
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. The fish fd will gradually sink _____________ the bttm f the tank.2. She sank back _____________ her seat, tired.3. She just sat there, sunk ______________ thught.二、根據(jù)所給提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. The kids watched as the cin ___________________________（沉入池底）. 2. ______________________（她心里一沉）as she read the results.
Her heart sank
sank t the bttm f the pl
abandn [??b?nd?n] vt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄 n. 放任；放縱
abandn neself t　　沉溺/縱情于be abandned t 沉溺于abandn ding sth. 放棄做某事with abandn 放縱地
放棄abandn基本義
放棄做某事；放棄信念等
不顧義務(wù)、責(zé)任等放棄人或動物
不得已而放棄某地或某交通工具
寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義。1. The match was abandned because f bad weather. ___________2. The search fr the missing sailrs was abandned after tw days. ___________3. Fearing further attacks, mst f the ppulatin had abandned the city.___________4. The market might abandn the stck, and knck dwn its price. __________5. A shared bike is left abandned at a bus stp. ___________
①Mr Jhnsn lived in the wds with his wife and children. He wned a farm, which lked almst (abandn).②Playing cmputer games is harmful t yur health. Dn’t abandn yurself this kind f pleasure.③Bad custms and laws ught t (abandn), since they are inapprpriate fr the develpment f the sciety.④Peple were shuting and cheering abandn after the match.⑤We abandned (carry) ut the plan fr lack f mney.⑥Thse wh despair can’t succeed.
be abandned
abandn themselves t
stve [st??v] n.爐具;廚房灶具
belngings [b??l????z] n. [pl.]財物;動產(chǎn)
belng t 屬于（無被動）persnal belngings 個人財物 a sense f belnging 歸屬感同類表達(dá)：savings 積蓄/ earnings 工資/leavings 剩飯/surrundings 環(huán)境/remains 剩余物,殘留物,遺跡,遺體
belng vi.屬于
①When he jined the club, he felt a sense f (belng).②Sme f the stamps belng me, while the rest are his and hers.③The ld huse (belng) t my grandfather is still in gd cnditin.④The taxi driver ften reminds passengers t when they leave the car.
take their belngings
perseverance [?p??s??v??r?ns] n.毅力;韌性;不屈不撓的精神
with perseverance adv. 堅持不懈地persevere in/with ne’s study 堅持不懈地學(xué)習(xí)shw great perseverance in the face f adversities面對逆境表現(xiàn)出極大毅力
persevere vi. 堅持；孜孜以求
reslutin [?rez??lu??n] n.決議;解決;堅定
reslve a prblem 解決問題 reslve t d sth. 決心做某事 strengthen ne’s reslve 堅定了決心a satisfactry reslutin t the prblem令人滿意的解決方案disslve v 溶解,分解(dis分開+slve=松開分散=溶解)
reslve vi. &vt.決定;決心;解決(問題或困難) n.決心;堅定的信念reslute adj.堅決的;果斷的
reslve解開（基本義）
堅決；堅定；決定；決心
寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. Barnet was desperate fr mney t reslve his financial prblems. ___________2. The gvernment is pressing fr an early reslutin f the cnflict. ___________3. They made a reslutin t lse all the weight gained during the Christmas perid. ___________4. The reslutin was passed by a tw-thirds majrity. ___________
t be reslved
furniture [?f??n?t??(r)] n.家具
a piece / an item f furniture 一件家具a set f furniture 一套家具be furnished with 配備著...
furnish vt.布置，裝備（家私）
frtunately [?f??t??n?tli] adv.幸運地
make a frtune 發(fā)財，賺錢seek/try ne's frtune 碰運氣
frtune n.運氣，財富 frtunate adj. 幸運的frtunately adv.幸運地misfrtune n.不幸 unfrtunate adj. 不幸的unfrtunately adv. 不幸地
Frtunately
Unfrtunately
guidance [?ɡa?dns] n.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)航
guided tur 有導(dǎo)游的旅行parental guidance 家長指引under the guidance f... 在...的指引下under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指導(dǎo)下withut the guidance f sb. 沒有某人的指導(dǎo)prvide guidance 提供指導(dǎo)persnal guidance 親自指導(dǎo)
guide vt. 指導(dǎo)，影響(某人的行為)；指導(dǎo) n. 指南，手冊，向?qū)?br/>①Withut the (guide) f the utstanding sculptr, he culdn't have made ideal sculptures.② his sister’s guidance, he is likely t cmplete the prject.③If yu seek him, he will ．④All the activities take place an experienced teacher.
prvide guidance
under the guidance f
lyal [?l???l] adj.忠誠的;忠實的
be lyal t 對...忠誠
lyal adj.忠誠的lyalty n.忠誠dislyal adj. 不忠的
make fire 生火
be n fire 著火了catch fire 著火set sth. n fire＝set fire t sth. 放火；放火燒某物play with fire 玩火；冒險put ut a fire 滅火
①In rder t scare the wild animals away, we when the night fell. 為了把野獸嚇跑，我們在夜幕降臨時生火。②The plice haven’t fund ut wh the strehuse. 警方還沒查出是誰放火燒了倉庫。③Dn’t stand t clse t that stve. Yur clthes may ． 不要站得太靠近那個火爐，你的衣服可能著火。④At last the firemen in Califrnia. 消防員終于撲滅了在加利福尼亞州的一場森林大火。
put ut a big frest fire
cmmitment [k??m?tm?nt] n.承諾;保證;奉獻(xiàn)
cmmit a crime/suicide/murder 犯罪/自殺/謀殺cmmit neself t ding sth. 承諾；保證做某事be cmmitted t ding sth. 致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事make a cmmitment t... 對……作出承諾make a cmmitment t d sth. 承諾/許諾做某事
cmmit vt. 犯罪，承諾cmmitted adj.忠誠的cmmitment n. 承諾
“發(fā)送”錯誤或非法的事情
把時間精力金錢等“發(fā)送”到某事上
把責(zé)任義務(wù)“發(fā)送”到某事上
（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證
發(fā)送 cmmit（基本義）
寫作同義異構(gòu)：你還能想到哪些表示“專注于 / 致力于做某事”的表達(dá)？
devte neself t
be ccupied in
be absrbed in
be invlved in
be engaged in
be dedicated t sth
bury neself in
be emplyed in ding sth
cncentrate n
寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. The cmpany’s cmmitment t prviding quality at a reasnable price has been vital t its success. ___________2. I was impressed by the energy and cmmitment shwn by the players. ___________ 3. Wmen very ften have t have a balance between wrk and family cmmitments. ___________4. Achieving success at this level requires a cmmitment f time and energy. ___________
寫出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。1. Mary fund that the table-tennis bats were printed with patterns f little bats. ___________ ___________2. While Gerge was shaving ff the bark f a tree, a dg came running and barked at him. ___________ ___________3. In the museum he saw that the sculpture f a seal was sealed in a glass bx. ___________ ___________4. The wman wearing fine clthes was fined fr driving t fast. ___________ ___________
同形異義詞指拼寫相同，但意義不同的詞。學(xué)習(xí)時要注意同形異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別：同形異義詞各源自不同的詞，而多義詞的詞源是同一個詞。多義詞的釋義之間有聯(lián)系，而同形異義詞的釋義之間無聯(lián)系。
“粗糙的”思考即不確切
“粗糙的”感受即不舒服
“粗糙的”環(huán)境即不安全
粗糙的rugh（基本義）
（表面）粗糙的；（道路）崎嶇的
（天氣）惡劣的；有暴風(fēng)雨的
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. Because the areas used fr playing fields are ften rugh and rcky, millins f real balls g flat within 24 hurs.（2013 湖南） __________2. The Atlantic Ocean has persnalities: smetimes peaceful and pleasant, n rare ccasins rugh and wild; always it is strng and striking.（2013 重慶改） __________3. The first year was rugh, but things have gtten better. __________4. We were nly able t make a rugh estimate f hw much fuel wuld be required. _________
1. bitter adj. 嚴(yán)寒的，激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→　　　　　 adv. 痛苦地;憤恨地;極其2. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→__________ vt. 忍耐3. qualified adj. 符合資格；具備…的知識→__________vt.使具有資格；證明…合格 vi.取得資格；有資格→ ____________ n. 資格；資歷；學(xué)歷 satisfy→satisfied4. enthusiastic adj. 熱情的，熱心的→________________ adv. 熱心地；狂熱地→____________n. [U]熱情;熱愛的事物 with enthusiasm 熱情地5. assign vt.分派; 布置；分配→___________ n.分配的工作、任務(wù)6. envy vt. 羨慕，妒忌 → __________adj. 羨慕的; 嫉妒的7. belngings? n. 財物；財產(chǎn)→ __________ v. 屬于8. selfish adj.?自私的→ __________ adj.無私的9. persevere vi.?堅持；孜孜以求→ _____________ n .毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神
enthusiastically
assignment
perseverance
10. reslve vt.&vi.決定；決心；解決→ ___________n. 決心；堅定的信念11. cruel adj. 殘忍的；殘酷的→ _________ n. 殘酷 12. thrugh adj．深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的→ ____________ adv．深入地；徹底地13. frtune n. 機(jī)會;運氣;財富→ __________adj. 幸運的→ __________adv. 幸運地→ ______________adv. 不幸地14. guidance n. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航→ __________ vt. 指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)15. advertising n. 廣告活動；廣告業(yè)→ __________ v. 宣傳；做廣告16. lyal adj. 忠誠的；忠實的→ _____________ n.忠誠；忠實17. cmmitment n. 承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn) → _________vt. 承諾；保證→ ___________adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的18. mtive n. 動機(jī)；原因；目的 → ____________ n.動機(jī)
frtunately
unfrtunately
advertise

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