
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute 64 brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
設(shè)空處跟在名詞后面,且空后的句子對(duì)這個(gè)名詞進(jìn)行修飾限定,即表示這個(gè)名詞的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等,則為定語從句。當(dāng)確定為定語從句后,首先要看看先行詞指人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),還是其他,然后再根據(jù)先行詞在句子中所作的成分去判斷用何關(guān)系詞。
(1)分清限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。①先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào),是非限制性定語從句。②that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。③which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可以代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容;代表整個(gè)主句時(shí),which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。④as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可置于句中或句首,意為“正如”。其后的謂語動(dòng)詞多是be seen, be knwn, be reprted, be mentined, be said, be ften the case等。
(2)尋找先行詞,判斷屬性(指人還是指物,表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),還是原因)。①先行詞指人:that/wh/whm/whse;②先行詞指物:that/which/whse;③表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因:when/where/why。(3)判斷定語從句所缺成分,確定關(guān)系詞。①缺少主語:that/which/wh;②缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語:that/which/wh/whm;③缺少定語:whse;④缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語時(shí)分別用when、where、why。
that與which的區(qū)別(1)只用which不用that的情況:①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞或介詞短語時(shí);②引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。(2)只用that不用which的情況:①當(dāng)先行詞是all、everything、nthing、few、little、much等不定代詞時(shí);②當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)或the very、the nly、any、the last等修飾時(shí);③先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
which與as的區(qū)別
考查名詞性從句的連接詞
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Hw did the natinal park system cme abut? On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in 43 is nw nrthwestern Wyming.
Tip1:分析句子成分(1)從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語,用連接代詞what、wh、whm、which、whatever等。(2)從句中缺少狀語(結(jié)合句意判斷),用連接副詞where (表地點(diǎn))、when (表時(shí)間)、hw (表方式)、why (表原因)等。(3)從句中不缺成分,句意缺少“是否”,用if/whether。(4)從句中不缺成分且句子意義完整,用that。
空處無提示詞,先確定主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),再確定空處和空后內(nèi)容在主句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或同位語。
Tip2:結(jié)合句意和引導(dǎo)詞的本義解題有些引導(dǎo)詞在句中有很鮮明的意義,如whether/if (是否)、whever (無論誰)、whatever (無論什么)、because (因?yàn)?、why (為什么)等。結(jié)合句意和語境,不難解決這類試題。
牢記what和that的區(qū)別(1)that沒有詞義,且在從句中不作任何成分。(2)what在從句中表示 “……的(東西)” (有時(shí)候可以不譯),在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。
what與that(1)that在名詞性從句中具有“兩無”“一不”特征——無意義、無成分,(除賓語從句外)不可省略。that在名詞性從句中沒有意義,而且不充當(dāng)句子成分。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略;在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí),that不可省略。 I think (that) yu shuld turn t the teacher fr help.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。My decisin is that all f us are t start at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
what與that(2)what在名詞性從句中具有“兩有”“一不”特征——有意義、有成分,不可省略。what在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),有一定的意義,一般可譯為“……的東西/事情/話等”;what在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語,不可省略。What was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.她告訴我,對(duì)她來說最重要的是她的家庭。
whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)連詞常常通用。但是在下面情況下,一般用whether。(1)引導(dǎo)主語/表語/同位語從句時(shí);(2)引導(dǎo)的從句在介詞后時(shí);(3)與r nt直接連用時(shí);(4)與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)。
what與whichwhat與which在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),既可以作主語、賓語,又可以作定語。但如果有明確的“范圍”時(shí),應(yīng)用which,而不用what。
【典例】(2024·新高考II卷)It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language ____45____ see hw Tang’s play was being perfrmed.
技巧1:關(guān)系分析法分析空前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關(guān)系,確定用哪個(gè)連詞。(1)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有and、bth ...、nt nly (als) ...、neither ...等。(2)表示選擇關(guān)系的有r、either ...、nt ...等。(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有but、while等。(4)表示因果關(guān)系的有s、fr等。
技巧2:句型法(1)祈使句+and/r+陳述句,如表示順承用and,表示轉(zhuǎn)折用r。(2)when作并列連詞的常用句型:Sb be ding sth when be abut t d sth when had (just) dne sth when ...
并列句與定語從句防止并列句與定語從句混用:并列句由and、but等并列連詞連接,句中已有連接詞,這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。①They live in a small huse, in frnt f ___________stands an range tree.②They live in a small huse, and in frnt f ___________ stands an range tree.【解析】?jī)删涞膮^(qū)別是連詞and,句①逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句,空處為引導(dǎo)詞,表示物,故填which;句②中and連接兩個(gè)并列分句,空處指代前面分句中的a small huse,故填it。
并列句與定語從句防止并列句與定語從句混用:并列句由and、but等并列連詞連接,句中已有連接詞,這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。③The ld man has three sns, nne f ___________ is a dctr.④The ld man has three sns, but nne f ___________is a dctr.【解析】?jī)删涞膮^(qū)別是連詞but,句③逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句,空處為引導(dǎo)詞,表示人,且其前為介詞f,故填whm;句④中but連接兩個(gè)并列分句,空處指代前面分句中的three sns,故填them。
并列句與狀語從句辨清并列句與狀語從句:并列句是連詞連接兩個(gè)“互不依存的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”,兩者之間是并列關(guān)系;而狀語從句中前后兩個(gè)句子,一個(gè)是主句,一個(gè)是從句,從句是用來修飾主句的。①___________yu take the medicine, yu will be all right.②Take this medicine, ___________yu will be all right.【解析】句①空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,表示“如果”,故填I(lǐng)f;句②中兩個(gè)并列分句是順承關(guān)系,故填and。
并列句與狀語從句辨清并列句與狀語從句:并列句是連詞連接兩個(gè)“互不依存的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”,兩者之間是并列關(guān)系;而狀語從句中前后兩個(gè)句子,一個(gè)是主句,一個(gè)是從句,從句是用來修飾主句的。③ ___________mney is necessary fr a happy life, it can't buy happiness.④Mney is necessary fr a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness.【解析】句③空處所在句子是讓步狀語從句,故填A(yù)lthugh/Thugh;句④空處前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。
【典例】(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)__________he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
考查時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞
(1)連詞befre的意義及句型It will be+一段時(shí)間+befre ...“多久以后才……”;It wn't be+一段時(shí)間+befre ...“用不了多久就……”。(2)連詞since的意義及句型It is +一段時(shí)間+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句=It has been +一段時(shí)間+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。該句型意為“自從…以來,已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。(3)whether ...,疑問詞+-ever,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(4)where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。
when, while, as(1)when, while, as三者都可以用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。 (2)在when和as引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是終止性動(dòng)詞,而在while引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(3)三者中as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或前后緊接著發(fā)生,常譯為“(正當(dāng))……的時(shí)候”“隨著……”“一邊……一邊……”等。
s ..., such ...(1)二者都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。s 后中心詞為形容詞或副詞, such后中心詞為名詞。(2)若中心詞之前有表示數(shù)量的many、much、little、few修飾時(shí),只能用s。
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr 61 first time.
①如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時(shí)很可能填冠詞。②如果空格及后面的名詞在文中第一次出現(xiàn),可翻譯成“一個(gè)(本、種等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已經(jīng)提到過,可翻譯成“這/那個(gè),這/那些”,一般填the。③如果名詞后有f短語,不定式,分詞或從句等作定語時(shí)可能填the。
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)They wndered ut lud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.
(1)與動(dòng)詞搭配,如: remind sb f sth“提醒某人某事”;rb sb f sth“搶劫某人某物”。(2)與名詞或代詞搭配,如: by accident“偶然”;by neself “靠自己”。(3)與形容詞搭配,如:be curius abut“對(duì)……感到好奇”;be prud f “因……而自豪”。(4)其他搭配,如:nt ...“直到……才……”;frm ...“從……到……”;between ... “在……和……之間”。
(1)高考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的固定短語的用法上。(2)語法填空題對(duì)介詞的考查形式為純空格,即沒有提示詞,這對(duì)學(xué)生正確理解句意提出了較高的要求。(3)名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),其前一定填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前,如at night、n Sunday等;也可位于形容詞之后,如be interested in、be gd at等;還可位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后,如listen t、arrive at、lk fr等。
(1)及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟賓語時(shí),無需再加介詞。(2)last、next等后跟名詞表示時(shí)間時(shí),無需加介詞。(3)不及物動(dòng)詞后跟賓語時(shí),應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞。(4)避免受漢語的影響。例如:“在……幫助下”的英語表達(dá)應(yīng)為with the help f,而不是under the help f。
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)They wndered ut lud. This area, with 46 (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.
1.通過句子成分確定所填代詞的形式如果作主語,則用人稱代詞的主格;如果作賓語或表語,則用人稱代詞的賓格;如果作定語,則用形容詞性物主代詞;如果作賓語、表語或同位語且又和句子的主語為同一人或物,則用反身代詞。2.通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)和“指代”,判斷是否用it如果指代上文提到的同一個(gè)事物,則用it;如果指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離或環(huán)境情況則用it;如果作形式主語或形式賓語,則用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/depend n/see t...+it+從句。
1.先判斷從句類型--定連接詞(1)定語從句有先行詞,先行詞在從句中作成分,因此定語從句是缺成分句子。(2)名詞性從句:賓語從句前有及物動(dòng)詞;系動(dòng)詞后是表語從句;主語從句充當(dāng)主語,是一個(gè)句子作主語,其在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面,主語從句在句首時(shí)連接詞不能省略。(3)掌握常用狀語從句的連接詞,狀語從句主要靠句子的意思來確定。2.利用并列關(guān)系--定并列連詞3.利用句子成分和詞性的位置--確定冠詞、介詞和代詞
(2025·湖南省郴州市高三期末)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。When the first fficial Olympic masct (吉祥物) — a rainbw-hued dachshund named Waldi — 1 (intrduce) at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany, it became a ppular symbl f bth the internatinal event and the hst cuntry. Since then, mst Olympic mascts have been clrful animal characters. Fr the 2024 Summer Olympics, hwever, hst cuntry France has chsen a hat with an almst unprnunceable name — Smiley Phryge.Smiley Phryge represents 2 is knwn as a Phrygian cap, based n similar caps 3 (wear) by 18th-century French revlutinaries, wh saw it as a symbl f 4 (free). But while France’ s Phryge is nw annunced as an Olympic masct, the rigin f the cap 5 (g) back thusands f years, making appearances in the Trjan War, the legend f King Midas, and even the American Revlutin.The Phrygian cap first appeared in a carved descriptin, 6 is abut a sldier fund at Grdin and dates frm the early ninth century BC. Artistic descriptin f the Trjan prince ften featured him in a Phrygian cap. 7 (eventual), the Phrygian cap became a symbl in Greek art. In 8 curse f the French Revlutin, and fr many years afterwards, the Phrygian cap appeared in paintings, illustratins, and n statues f Marianne.Nw, this 3,000-year-ld humble piece f headwear is set 9 (decrate) T-shirts, keychains, and tys — a 10 (remark) jurney frm its rigins in an ancient kingdm.
was intrduced
Eventually
(2025·湖南省郴州市高三期末)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。When the first fficial Olympic masct (吉祥物) — a rainbw-hued dachshund named Waldi — 1 (intrduce) at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany, it became a ppular symbl f bth the internatinal event and the hst cuntry. Since then, mst Olympic mascts have been clrful animal characters. Fr the 2024 Summer Olympics, hwever, hst cuntry France has chsen a hat with an almst unprnunceable name — Smiley Phryge.Smiley Phryge represents 2 is knwn as a Phrygian cap, based n similar caps 3 (wear) by 18th-century French revlutinaries, wh saw it as a symbl f 4 (free). But while France’ s Phryge is nw annunced as an Olympic masct, the rigin f the cap 5 (g) back thusands f years, making appearances in the Trjan War, the legend f King Midas, and even the American Revlutin.The Phrygian cap first appeared in a carved descriptin, 6 is abut a sldier fund at Grdin and dates frm the early ninth century BC. Artistic descriptin f the Trjan prince ften featured him in a Phrygian cap. 7 (eventual), the Phrygian cap became a symbl in Greek art. In 8 curse f the French Revlutin, and fr many years afterwards, the Phrygian cap appeared in paintings, illustratins, and n statues f Marianne.Nw, this 3,000-year-ld humble piece f headwear is set 9 (decrate) T-shirts, keychains, and tys — a 10 (remark) jurney frm its rigins in an ancient kingdm.
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致
語篇類型:說明文主題語境:人與社會(huì)話題:巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)的吉祥物
be set t d“被設(shè)定為做某事,準(zhǔn)備做某事”
這是一份專題01 語法填空之有提示詞填空(課件)-2025年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練(新高考通用),共38頁。PPT課件主要包含了考點(diǎn)一,walks,考點(diǎn)二,Recalling ,考點(diǎn)三,closed,考點(diǎn)四,favorites,考點(diǎn)五,largest等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
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