【典例】(2024全國(guó)甲卷B篇)Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals（聲音）that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like. Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs（食肉動(dòng)物）. Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!27. What is a suitable title fr the text? A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC. Have Fun with Yur Cat D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【典例】(2024全國(guó)甲卷B篇)27. What is a suitable title fr the text? A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC. Have Fun with Yur Cat D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
(一)理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)：1. ——準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短；2. ——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；3. ——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。(二)確定文章標(biāo)題：1. ：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；2. ：撇開原文，拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對(duì)照，一一排除不符選項(xiàng)；3. ：研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。
標(biāo)題歸納題要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達(dá)。此類題目主要考查考生把握主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對(duì)文章的主題進(jìn)行提煉或高度概括，最終準(zhǔn)確地選出文章的標(biāo)題。記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會(huì)考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。
1.文章標(biāo)題類設(shè)問方式·Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?·What wuld be the best title fr the passage?·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.2.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)①斷章取義(僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié))；②以偏概全；③離題太遠(yuǎn)
3.文章標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)①概括性：能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨；②針對(duì)性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；③新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；④精準(zhǔn)性：不改變?cè)牡囊馑己透星樯盛莺?jiǎn)短性：名詞短語,動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。
5.思維方法要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章標(biāo)題，如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵詞或者概括全文。① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；② 反面否定法：撇開原文，設(shè)想各選項(xiàng)寫出來應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對(duì)，逐一排除不符項(xiàng)；③ 研讀備選項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真研讀備選項(xiàng)里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started. Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment. BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.11. What des the text mainly talk abut?A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)11. What des the text mainly talk abut?A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
·What's the main idea/pint f the passage?·The passage is mainly abut ________.·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?·Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the theme f the passage?·In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.·The subject discussed in this text is ________.·The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
方法1：主題句法解答主旨大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。(1)根據(jù)文體和寫作手法來定位主題句
(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來定位主題句轉(zhuǎn)折詞如but，hwever，in fact，actually等時(shí)，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。總結(jié)詞如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。疑問句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答可能是文章的主題。
方法2：高頻詞法全文中無明顯主題句時(shí)，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
方法3：逆向思維法在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會(huì)有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。
【典例】(2024新課標(biāo)I卷B篇 26題)Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment. B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.C. Examples f rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷C篇)26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment. B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.C. Examples f rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
·What des the authr tell us in Paragraph ·The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.·The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.·Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?·What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
段落大意題主要考查段落的主要意思，是對(duì)一個(gè)段落的基本內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)縮和概括。概括、總結(jié)、歸納段落大意就是用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來。做題時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。
1．命題規(guī)律：主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題，一定要把它作為最后一道題來做。概括全文大意最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來考慮。2．考查類型：主要考查文章標(biāo)題、段落大意題、文章大意題。3．考查趨勢(shì)：主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考，一般考查1——2題。
①段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。②首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。③作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。④ 表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等詞，通常是主旨。
①段首段尾：段首--主題句多為段首一兩句(觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο?；段尾--主題句也常為段尾句(結(jié)論或總結(jié))。②段中：主題句有時(shí)在段中(前面的話是為引出主題）。③無主題句：有時(shí)沒有主題句，需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。
①概括性：概括全文，體現(xiàn)主旨；②針對(duì)性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；③新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；④簡(jiǎn)短性：名詞短語,動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。
（2025·河北省省級(jí)聯(lián)考）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A newly engineered type f sil can draw water ut f thin air t prvide plants with water and manage cntrlled release f fertilizer (肥料) fr a cnstant supply f nutrients.Supprting this exciting smart sil system is a hydrgel (水凝膠) material. In experiments, the sil cntaining hydrgel led t the grwth f larger, healthier plants, cmpared t regular sil, all while using less water and fertilizer. The technlgy is als universal enugh t be adpted acrss a wide range f climates, frm dry regins t temperate areas.Agriculture tday accunts fr 70% f glbal freshwater withdrawals and up t 95% in sme develping cuntries as ur glbal ppulatin cntinues t rise. The U. N. Fd and Agriculture Organizatin (FAO) emphasizes the imprtance f imprving irrigatin (灌溉) efficiency, adpting water-saving technlgies and prmting crps with lwer water ftprints t ensure sustainable fd prductin and water resurce management.Meanwhile, traditinal farming methds, especially irrigatin and fertilizing, face significant difficulties. As climate change intensifies and water resurces becme increasingly rare, the need fr mre efficient and sustainable irrigatin practices has never been mre urgent. Additinally, cnventinal fertilizatin techniques ften result in t much nutrient expsure, reducing nutrient uptake efficiency and causing envirnmental pllutin, and farmable land degradatin.“The lack f water cupled with a grwing ppulatin has an immediate impact n fd security,” said Yu, prfessr f Materials Science in the Cckrell Schl. “This new class f hydrgels ffers a slutin t meet the pressing needs f water and efficient nutrient uptake in mdern sustainable agriculture.”In experiments, plants rted in the hydrgel sil saw a 138% increase in crp length cmpared t a cntrl grup in regular sil. And the imprved sil can achieve 40% water savings, significantly reducing the need fr frequent irrigatin and ensuring strng crp develpment.This research builds n previus discveries invlving hydrgels that can pull water frm the atmsphere and make farming mre efficient. The prject will cntinue, and the researchers’ next mves invlve integrating different types f fertilizers and lnger field tests.
35．What can be the best title fr the text?A．Smart Sil Can Water and Feed ItselfB．Hydrgel Will Take the Place f SilC．Mdern Agriculture Is Facing DrughtD．Smart Sil Is Apprved fr Prmtin

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