提示詞是動(dòng)詞考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse 60 (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),若句中無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但空處所填詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),空處就用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致(1)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、并列謂語(yǔ)、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞等確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài);(2)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系以確定語(yǔ)態(tài);(3)根據(jù)人稱和數(shù),確保主謂一致。
1.根據(jù)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):常見(jiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)nw, tday, nwadays, every year, usually等一般過(guò)去時(shí)yesterday, last week, in 2021, the ther day, tw years ag, previusly等一般將來(lái)時(shí)next year, in the future, sn, tmrrw等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)nw, at present, at this mment等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),in/ver the past... years, in recent years, fr+時(shí)間段, s far等過(guò)去完成時(shí)by then, by the end f ..., when/befre/after引導(dǎo)的從句等
2.根據(jù)具并列關(guān)系考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的題目有時(shí)可以根據(jù)句子或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的平行關(guān)系詞“and, but, r, rather than, neither... nr..., nt nly... but als...”等前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)必須一致來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。3.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境暗示。沒(méi)有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下,通過(guò)正確理解語(yǔ)境暗示解題,也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題尤其是易錯(cuò)題的重要方法。
4.根據(jù)常用句式定時(shí)態(tài)(1)was/were ding... when...+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2)was/were abut t d... when...+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(3)it is the+序數(shù)詞+time+that...+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(4)it was the+序數(shù)詞+time+that...+過(guò)去完成時(shí)(5)N sner had+主語(yǔ)+dne... than+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主語(yǔ)+dne... when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(7)It will be+時(shí)間段+befre+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.根據(jù)邏輯辨別主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語(yǔ),若與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則考慮用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式為:be+過(guò)去分詞。 (3)運(yùn)用上面的技法來(lái)判斷是什么時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動(dòng)詞的形式。2.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)(1)當(dāng)feel,lk,smell,taste,sund等后面接形容詞時(shí); (2)當(dāng)read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí);
提示詞是動(dòng)詞考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
【典例】(2024·新高考II卷)_____44______ (recall)watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin.
1.尋找線索(1)挖空句有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,通常用逗號(hào)把狀語(yǔ)與主干分隔開(kāi)。(2)我們需要認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),明確句子成分,先甄別出句子的主干,再確定用哪種形式作狀語(yǔ)。
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),所給提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí),若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又無(wú)連詞時(shí),則考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)找句子主干:認(rèn)真閱讀挖空的句子,找出句子的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(和賓語(yǔ)),從而正確理解句意。(2)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:分析所給的提示詞與主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。(3)確定填哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式:①主語(yǔ)與提示詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系:表目的,用t d; 表出乎意料的結(jié)果,用nly t d; 表時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨、自然而然的結(jié)果,用ding。②主語(yǔ)與提示詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:表動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生,用t be dne; 表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,用dne。
1.尋找線索(1)空格可在名詞或代詞之前,也可在名詞或代詞之后,對(duì)該名詞或代詞起修飾或限定作用。(2)如果有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),放在名詞或代詞之后,通常對(duì)該名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)如果名詞中心詞是該動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,通常用現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)。(2)如果名詞中心詞是該動(dòng)作的承受者,通常用過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)。(3)如果表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,且名詞中心詞是該動(dòng)作的承受者,通常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。
1.尋找線索非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)包括現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式三種??崭裢ǔT谙祫?dòng)詞 be, becme, get, seem, appear, lk, turn等之后,描述主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)主語(yǔ)是表示人的名詞或代詞,通常用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)的心情和感受。(2)主語(yǔ)是表示事物的名詞或代詞,通常用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ),表示事物的特點(diǎn)。(3)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)通常表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
1.尋找線索動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。牢記非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的固定結(jié)構(gòu):(1)介詞(如by, fr, f, with, withut, after等)之后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),注意t的身份識(shí)別。(2)只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ):advise, admit, allw, avid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustmed t, be devted t, lead t, bject t等。(3)在下列動(dòng)詞之后,常接不定式作賓語(yǔ):decide, demand, ffer, hpe, prmise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)仔細(xì)觀察挖空的句子。(2)找出(句子的)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(3)確定填動(dòng)名詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式。
1.尋找線索主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)陳述的對(duì)象,通常位于句首。動(dòng)名詞(ding)和動(dòng)詞不定式(t d)都可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)句中缺少主語(yǔ),找到句子的謂語(yǔ)部分,確定應(yīng)用ding還是t d作主語(yǔ)。(2)表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作用ding,表具體某一次的動(dòng)作用t d。(3)掌握用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型:①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/pssible/kind等)(+fr/f sb)+t d sth②It's n use/n gd/n fun/a pleasure/n pleasure/a waste f time ding sth ③It takes sb+sme time/mney+t d sth
1.尋找線索動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(1)不定式作賓補(bǔ):allw, ask, beg, cmmand, encurage, expect, frbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb t d sth。(2)have sb/sth ding “讓某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth dne “使某人/某物被……”。(3)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)①with+賓語(yǔ)+t d,表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生;②with+賓語(yǔ)+ding,表示主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;③with+賓語(yǔ)+dne,表示被動(dòng)、動(dòng)作已完成。
2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常表示一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中必須用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的、主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。(3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,表示一個(gè)完成的、被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
提示詞為動(dòng)詞考查轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞或形容詞
【典例】(2024·新高考I卷)These sepals pen n warm days t give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays 59 (clse) t prtect the plants.
提示詞為名詞考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)、所有格和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
【典例】(2023新高考I卷)These plants included mdern Western________ (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
提示詞為形容詞、副詞考查形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)及詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Yellwstne was the 49 (large)United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
1.尋找線索(1)通常設(shè)置在名詞之前、動(dòng)詞之后,或句首、句尾。(2)形容詞變副詞規(guī)律①以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞,一般不去e,直接加-ly:immediate→immediately, brave →bravely, plite →plitely, wise →wisely。②一些以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞,去e加-(l)y:true → truly, simple → simply, gentle → gently, pssible → pssibly。③“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-ly:happy → happily, easy → easily。④以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞,加-ally:ecnmic → ecnmically, basic → basically。
2.解題指導(dǎo)(1)形容詞、副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變?cè)~性時(shí),應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞;②若空處作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),應(yīng)考慮填形容詞形式;③若空處修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,應(yīng)考慮填副詞形式;④若空處在介詞后,應(yīng)考慮用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。(2)形容詞、副詞添加詞綴變反義詞。根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系,確定表示否定意義時(shí),添加否定前綴(un-, im-, dis-等)或否定后綴(-less)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。(3)利用標(biāo)志詞或隱含信息把形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。
提示詞為代詞考查代詞賓格、物主代詞或反身代詞
【典例】(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy - as a natinal park.
提示詞為基數(shù)詞考查其序數(shù)詞或其他形式
【典例】(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 62 (six) century, B. C.
①一般來(lái)說(shuō),序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞詞尾加th構(gòu)成。②十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將y變?yōu)閕,再加e t h。③兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí),僅將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。此外,??嫉幕鶖?shù)詞、序數(shù)詞一般會(huì)在100以內(nèi),具體見(jiàn)下表。ne—first tw—secnd three—third fur—furth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth furteen—furteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth frty—frtieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
①分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成的。除了分子是"1"的情況外,序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。②表示某人的大約年齡,即“幾十多歲”時(shí),使用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式?!癷n sb.'s+整十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”意為“在某人幾十多歲時(shí)”。如:in his fifties。③當(dāng)hundred, thusand, millin, billin前面有基數(shù)詞時(shí),用單數(shù)形式,詞尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修飾時(shí),仍用單數(shù)形式。如:several billin years。④“數(shù)詞+普通名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞中,數(shù)詞和普通名詞都要用單數(shù)形式。
有提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空在高考語(yǔ)法填空的命題中占7個(gè)左右,是語(yǔ)法填空的重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容,掌握了有提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空的解題思路和方法也就把握了語(yǔ)法填空的重點(diǎn)。策略:1.看提示詞的哪種詞類; 2.根據(jù)詞類定填空的方向,從而確定是詞形轉(zhuǎn)換還是詞的具體用法,這是解題關(guān)鍵。
(2025·江西省吉安市六校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Caviar (魚(yú)子醬) is a term 1 (use)t describe fish eggs f sturgen (鱘魚(yú)). It is smetimes attached t the eggs f ther fish 2 (categry). There are three kinds f Caspian Sea caviar, each f 3 was named after the types f sturgen that prduces it. Sevruga, frm the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4______ (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, frm a bigger fish, is larger-grained, ften paler, with a “rich, almst, fruity r earthy flavr”. Beluga is frm the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavr. Caviar is a staple (主食) f Russian cuisine and is traditinally enjyed n New Year’s Eve. In the ld days caviar 6 (be) a staple, nt a luxury. Wrks frm the early 18th century make a descriptin that caviar was sld n street crners.An egg-filled sturgen frm the Caspian Sea is regarded as ne f the wrld’s mst 7 (value) fishes. The caviar frm a quality sturgen can sell 8 several hundred dllars an unce. The eggs frm a single white sturgen can fetch mre than $100,000. Caviar can vary in clr frm black t pale grey t gld and even ivry. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and prperly stred at -2℃, it can stay gd fr 18 mnths.Russians like eating caviar n thickly-buttered tast r bread. In the early 2000s, wrld caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices dubled and internatinal authrities tried t crack dwn n fake by carrying ut 10 labeling system.
categries
intensely
valuable
(2025·江西省吉安市六校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Caviar (魚(yú)子醬) is a term 1 (use)t describe fish eggs f sturgen (鱘魚(yú)). It is smetimes attached t the eggs f ther fish 2 (categry). There are three kinds f Caspian Sea caviar, each f 3 was named after the types f sturgen that prduces it. Sevruga, frm the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4______ (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, frm a bigger fish, is larger-grained, ften paler, with a “rich, almst, fruity r earthy flavr”. Beluga is frm the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavr. Caviar is a staple (主食) f Russian cuisine and is traditinally enjyed n New Year’s Eve. In the ld days caviar 6 (be) a staple, nt a luxury. Wrks frm the early 18th century make a descriptin that caviar was sld n street crners.An egg-filled sturgen frm the Caspian Sea is regarded as ne f the wrld’s mst 7 (value) fishes. The caviar frm a quality sturgen can sell 8 several hundred dllars an unce. The eggs frm a single white sturgen can fetch mre than $100,000. Caviar can vary in clr frm black t pale grey t gld and even ivry. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and prperly stred at -2℃, it can stay gd fr 18 mnths.Russians like eating caviar n thickly-buttered tast r bread. In the early 2000s, wrld caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices dubled and internatinal authrities tried t crack dwn n fake by carrying ut 10 labeling system.
語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)話題:介紹魚(yú)子醬
sell fr…“售價(jià)為……”

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