
【教材原句】
It used t feel like 50 per cent f my time was spent researching new restaurants. (教材P38)
【辨析】
三個(gè)詞都有“花錢”之意,但用法上有一定的區(qū)別。
spend 主語一般是人, 常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中:
sb. spend sme time / mney n sth. 某人在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢
sb. spend sme time/mney (in) ding sth. 某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事
sb. spend mney fr sth. 花錢買某物
cst 主語是某物或某事,常用在以下機(jī)構(gòu)中:
sth. cst(sb.) sme time 某物花了(某人)多少錢
(ding) sth. cst (sb.) sme time/effrt (做)某事花費(fèi)(耗費(fèi))(某人)多少時(shí)間或努力;cst 也可以作名詞,表示“費(fèi)用,成本”。
pay 主語一般是人,表示“付款,賠償”, 常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中:
sb. pay sme mney fr sth. 某人為某物付錢
sb. pay sb. sme mney fr sth. 某人付給某人買….的錢
sb. pack sme mney back 某人還錢
sb. pay ff mney/debt 某人還清錢或債
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
She spent £100 n a new dress.
她花100英鎊買了一條新連衣裙。
Hw lng did yu spend n yur hmewrk?
你做家庭作業(yè)用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?
She wuld pinch n fd in rder t spend n clthing.
她過去常把伙食費(fèi)省下來買衣服.
I spend mst f my wrking day sitting at a desk.
我一天之中大部分工作時(shí)間都坐在辦公桌旁。
We calculated the cst f building a new huse.
我們計(jì)算了造一座新房子的費(fèi)用。
That car must have cst a bundle.
這輛汽車一定值很多錢。
Hw much d the vegetables cst?
這些蔬菜值多少錢?
The wrk was cst by the engineer at $50,000.
這項(xiàng)工程據(jù)工程師估價(jià)為50 000美元。
Let me pay fr dinner.
晚飯讓我來付。
He'll have t pay ff all his debts.
他必須償清他的一切債務(wù)。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)spend, cst和pay的用法填空
1. She spends t much effrt _______ things that dn't matter.
2. Businessmen spend enrmus amunts _______ (advertise) their prducts.
3. Yu shuld spend time n basic training, nt ______ thse flurishes.
4. The cmpany has spent thusands f punds _______ (update) their cmputer systems.
5. This energy culd be much better spent _______ (take) sme psitive actin.
6. The new car will _______ (cst/pay) 5000 at the lwest cmputatin.
7. Finishing the prject ________ (cst/pay) them tw years.
8. They paid 3,000 yuan ________ these desks.
9. After ten years f hard wrk, she paid ________ all her debts at last.
10. The ld wman ________ (cst/paid) 20 dllars fr the three bks in English.
【參考答案】
1. n; 2. advertising; 3. n; 4. updating; 5. taking; 6. cst; 7. cst; 8. fr; 9. ff/back; 10. paid
●if nt; if anything;if s; if any; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
If we’re lucky, AI might think we’re valuable enugh t keep arund. If nt, it might wipe us all ut! (教材P39)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假設(shè)的省略句式,是英語中常見的一種句型
if nt 表示“如果不那樣的話”,是對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容的一種否定假設(shè)。if anything表示“如果有什么的話”,作補(bǔ)充說明,類似于if any.
if s 表示“如果那樣的話”,是對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的肯定假設(shè)。
if ever 表示“如果曾經(jīng)做過….即使曾經(jīng)做過….”,是對(duì)做過事情的省略敘述。一般是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的話或即使有的話”,用來加強(qiáng)語氣。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Living tgether didn't harm ur friendship. If anything it strengthened it
在一起住并沒有損害我們的友誼。要說真有什么的話,它反而鞏固了我們的友誼。
I didn't d it very well, but, if anything, he did it wrse than I did.
我干得不太好,但其實(shí)他干得比我還糟。
If anything, Slan's uneasiness deepened
如果說有什么不一樣的話,那就是斯隆變得越來越不安了。
If anything, the infrmatin is verwhelming.
如果與之前有區(qū)別的話,我們能掌握的信息是巨大的。
There wn't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困難,也不會(huì)太大。
The bject f these experiments was t find the cnnectin, if any, between the tw phenmena.
這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是探索這兩種現(xiàn)象之間的聯(lián)系,如果存在著任何聯(lián)系的話。
It is t early t say what effect, if any, there will be n the wrkfrce.
如果會(huì)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力產(chǎn)生一些影響,現(xiàn)在就說是什么影響還言之過早。
Please let me knw hw many are cming, if any.
請(qǐng)告訴我,如果有人要來的話,有多少?
If s, yu're nt alne-I'm the same way.
如果這樣,你也不是一個(gè)人在這么做,我也是這樣的。
If s, he may nt be the ideal match fr yu.
如果他是這樣的人,那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if s, where did the river get reruted?
但是,如果真是這樣,那河流被改道到哪里去了呢?
D yu have a knack fr cming up with ideas? If s, we wuld lve t hear frm yu.
你有什么能想出好點(diǎn)子的訣竅嗎?如果有,我們很愿意收到你的來信。
Rarely, if ever, des he sidestep a questin
他極少逃避問題。
She seldm, if ever, ges t the pera.
她很少去看歌劇。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revlutin.
而這些事件的結(jié)果卻很難,或根本不能,與科學(xué)革命同日而語
But I say the threat is nw, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which t deply military frces.
但是我想說,威脅就在眼前,但出動(dòng)軍事力量這種事幾乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if nt mst, scientific papers are presented rally at scientific meetings
許多科學(xué)論文,即便不是大多數(shù),都是以口頭形式在科學(xué)會(huì)議上發(fā)表的。
Are yu pressed fr time, Mr. Bayliss? If nt, I suggest we have lunch.
你時(shí)間緊嗎,貝利斯先生?如果不緊,不如我們一起吃午飯吧。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
用if anything, if s, if any, if ever和if nt填空
1. Mary is t nly ready t help thers, seldm, ______, refusing them when they turn t her.
2. What kind f advertisements d yu read r watch in this kind f magazines, _______?
3. I might be away next week. _______, I wn’t be able t see yu.
4. Have yu ever read this chapter? ______, we encurage yu t read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article? ______, Crrect mistakes, please.
6. -- Have yu ever been t the Great Wall?
-- Perhaps nt in my memry. ______, it might have been during my early childhd.
7. The weather frecast says there will be heavy rain tmrrw. ______, we’ll stay at hme.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the bk.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place f wrk.
10. If it clears up this afternn, we’ll g camping; ______ , we will have classes.
11. She seldm, ______ , ges t the cinema.
12. If the fd tastes gd, we’ll buy sme; ______, nt.
13. The island is seldm, ______, visited by ships.
14. ______, nw wuld be a gd time t expand its balance sheet.
15. _______, gender(性別) plays a very imprtant rle in the brain even thugh we are nt clear exactly hw.
16. _______, we want t shw the cde,
17. _______, swimming will appeal t her mst strngly
【參考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If s; 4. If nt; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If s; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if nt; 11. if ever; 12. if nt; 13. if ever; 14. If anything; 15. If anything; 16. If anything; 17. If anything
●agree n; agree with; agree t
【教材原句】
One thing I think we all agree n, thugh, is that saying “My AI did it!” wn’t be any excuse fr illegal r immral behavir! (教材P39)
【辨析】
agree n/upn 意思是“(雙方) 就……達(dá)成一致意見/達(dá)成協(xié)議”,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,句子主語往往是復(fù)數(shù)。
agree with = 1 \* GB3 ①“同意…..的話/觀點(diǎn)/看法/意見” = 2 \* GB3 ②與…..相符/一致 = 3 \* GB3 ③(氣候,食物等)適合…..。
agree t 意思是“同意計(jì)劃/建議/安排等”,這時(shí),t為介詞.
溫馨提示:agree t d sth. 意思是“答應(yīng)/同意做某事”
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
The great majrity f peple seem t agree with this view.
大多數(shù)人似乎都同意這種觀點(diǎn)。
Yur accunt f the accident des nt agree with hers.
你對(duì)事故的敘述與她的敘述不一致。
As the authr f the prpsal I cannt agree with yu.
我作為提案的發(fā)起人不能同意你的意見。
I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.
我贊同他說的,但我會(huì)以不同的方式表述。
First, they had t agree n which cnflict was their mst recent.
首先,他們必須就哪次沖突是最近的一次達(dá)成一致。
And we dn't want businesses t agree n prices in the back ffice.
我們不希望企業(yè)背地里制定統(tǒng)一價(jià)格。
I can't agree t anything withut my partner's apprval.
沒有合伙人的認(rèn)可我什么也不能答應(yīng)。
Yu and I are ging t have t agree t disagree then.
那你我只能各自保留不同意見
I cannt but agree t yur decisin.
我不得不同意你的決定。
I fully agree t the arrangement and take delight in it.
我完全贊成并樂于接受這一安排。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)agree with, agree n/upn, agree t的用法填空
1. This kind f fd here desn’t agree _______ the ld and s des the climate.
2. I strngly suspect that mst rdinary peple wuld agree ______ me
3. The authr can reprt ther peple's results which mre r less agree ______ hers.
4. If we cannt agree n a simple matter f that kind, we can never agree _______ anything f imprtance.
5. If yu bth agree _________ grund rules right frm day ne, it can last.
6. They agree _______ Russian entry int the Wrld Trade Organizatin.
7. D yu think he'll agree ________ their prpsal?
8. The management is understd t be very unwilling t agree ______ this request
9. An bjective set f rules which we all agree _______ (accept) is necessary fr any rdered sciety.
10. What n earth had pssessed her t agree _______ (marry) him?
【參考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. with; 4. n/upn; 5. n/upn; 6. n/upn; 7. t; 8. t; 9. t accept; 10. t marry
●a number f…. ; the number f…
【教材原句】
A large number f clients have been attracted t it. (教材P41)
【辨析】
兩者組成結(jié)構(gòu)很相似,但意思和用法有區(qū)別。
a number f…. 表示“許多”,相當(dāng)于 many, a lt f, lts f修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。a number f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number前常用gd, great, large, small等修飾,以表示數(shù)量程度。
the number f….. 表示“……的數(shù)量/數(shù)目”, 后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。the number f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)形式。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
A great number f them dn't knw what happened in this cuntry in histry.
他們中很多人不知道這個(gè)國(guó)家歷史上曾發(fā)生過什么。
A gd number f Egyptians are prficient in freign languages.
很多埃及人都精通外語。
A great number f families lived in this village.
這個(gè)屯落里有許多人家。
He has a gd number f English idims at cmmand.
他掌握了大量的英語成語。
There have been a large number f accidents lately.
最近事故極多。
The number f new students decreased frm 210 t 160 this year.
今年新生人數(shù)從210減少到160。
The number f emplyees was reduced frm 40 t 25.
雇員人數(shù)從40人減少到了25人。
There has been a sharp rise in the number f peple ut f wrk.
失業(yè)人數(shù)急劇增長(zhǎng)。
The number f hmeless peple has increased dramatically.
無家可歸者的人數(shù)急劇增加了。
The number f hmeless peple is a telling cmment n the state f sciety.
無家可歸者的數(shù)量是社會(huì)狀況的生動(dòng)寫照。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)the number f….和a number f….用法填空
1. A large number f students ________ (be) attending the lecture in classrm.
2. The number f peple wh fail each year _______ (be) nw in single figures.
3. A gd number f measures _______ (take) t slve the prblem last year.
4. The number f reprted crimes _______ (increase) at an alarming rate nwadays.
5. I think a great number f factrs ________ (decide) whether a mvie will be successful r nt.
6. The number f peple emplyed in agriculture ________ (fall) in the last decade.
7. A large number f parents _______ (vice) cncern abut their children's safety.
8. The number f peple in the hall nw _______ (be) 625.
9. The number f places available _______ (be) necessarily limited last mnth.
10. There _________ a number f different pints f view n this issue.
【參考答案】
1. are; 2. is; 3. were taken; 4. is increasing; 5. decide; 6. has fallen; 7. have viced; 8. is; 9. was; 10. are/were
●human being; mankind; man; human; human race
【教材原句】
He lked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit n, but he culd handle the lunar gravity as n Earth-brn human being culd. (教材P44)
【辨析】
五個(gè)詞或短語都表示“人,人類”,但用法有細(xì)微區(qū)別。
human being; human, human race 意思是““人,人類”, 是可數(shù)名詞,可以構(gòu)成以下表達(dá):a human; three humans; a human being; tw human beings; a human race; three human races;human 除了作名詞,也可作形容詞,表示“人的,人類的”。這三個(gè)詞或詞組作名詞時(shí)完全可以換用。
mankind, man作“人類”講時(shí),都是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不可加任何冠詞(包括定冠詞和不定冠詞)。它們對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞為it或its, 而不是they, them和their
溫馨提示:man 做人類講作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),而human作主語時(shí),謂語既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Mankind's/man’s knwledge f the universe has increased beynd measure
人類對(duì)于宇宙的了解已經(jīng)大為增加。
His research is fr the betterment f mankind/man.
他的研究是為全人類造福。
It exerts a civilizing influence n mankind/man.
這產(chǎn)生了教化人類的影響。
The civilizatin f mankind/man has taken thusands f years t develp.
人類經(jīng)數(shù)千年才文明開化。
Mankind must put an end t war, r war will put an end t mankind/man.
人類必須結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),否則戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就會(huì)毀滅人類。
In the wrld tday, mankind/man is prgressing at a tremendus pace.
在當(dāng)今世界,人類進(jìn)步一日千里。
That is n way t treat anther human being/human race/human.
那絕不是對(duì)待他人的方式。
Physical perfectin in a human being/human race/human is exceedingly rare.
體貌完美的人極為罕見。
N human being/human race/human n the face f the earth culd d anything wrse than what he did.
世界上再?zèng)]有人能做出比他更壞的事情來。
N human being/human race/human can be free frm mistakes.
是人總要犯錯(cuò)誤。
she's the best human being/human race/human in the wrld.
她是世界上最好的人
Challenges are necessary fr every human being/human race/human wh is seeking quality life.
挑戰(zhàn)對(duì)于每一個(gè)尋找有質(zhì)量生活的人來說都是十分必要的。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
根據(jù)mankind, man, human being, human race和 human的用法填空
1. Althugh the Negres were _______ just like the whites, they were nt treated as human beings.
2. The need t cmmunicate is a key characteristic f ______ sciety.
3. Mankind _______ (use) the hrse since ancient times.
4. Scientists cntinue t push back the bundaries f _______ knwledge.
5. Mankind _______ (try) every means t maintain the balance f nature.
6. Cntact with ther peple is a basic ______ need.
7. All prgressive mankind _______ (lve) peace.
8. She is best knwn fr her wrk n the ______ brain.
9. The Chinese peple shuld make a greater cntributin t ______.
10. Each ______ has t die, but mankind ges n wrld withut end.
11. The cuntry has a pr recrd n ______ rights.
12. Each human being has t die, but _______ ges n wrld withut end.
13. Hw lng can a _______ g withut sleep?
14. In every ______ there is a wish t amelirate his wn cnditin.
15. Asia is ne f the places where _______ riginated.
16. Be a respnsible _______ and d nt d evil things t thers.
17. One f writer's favrite themes is the fraternity f _______.
【參考答案】
1. human beings/humans/human races; 2. human; 3. have/has used; 4. human; 5. have/has been trying; 6. human; 7. lve/lves; 8. human; 9. mankind/man; 10. human being/human race/human; 11. human; 12. mankind/man; 13. human being/human race/human; 14. human being/human race/human; 15. mankind/man; 16. human being/human race/human; 17. mankind/man
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
He seemed t be waiting fr Jimmy t say smething, then he said, “Yu knw what a dg is, Jimmy. (教材P45)
Jimmy lked at Rbutt, wh was squeaking again, a very lw, slw squeak that seemed frightened. (教材P45)
【辨析】
兩者都有“看起來(好像、似乎…)”的意思,一般可以換用,但在個(gè)別殊結(jié)構(gòu)用上的用法上有一定的區(qū)別。
seem 側(cè)重指根據(jù)某種跡象作出的推斷,也不一定是事實(shí),常用于以下機(jī)構(gòu)中:
= 1 \* GB3 ① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
= 2 \* GB3 ② seem t be/t d sth. 好像是/做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it seems that從句 好像….
= 4 \* GB3 ④ seem like…..看起來像….
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ it seems as if/thugh…..看起來好像…….
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ there seem t be….好像有…..
appear強(qiáng)調(diào)自身表現(xiàn)出, 流露出;appear 指外表給人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象,不確定性更大一些,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)或詞組中:
= 1 \* GB3 ① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
= 2 \* GB3 ② appear t be/t d sth. 好像是/做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it appears that從句 好像….
= 4 \* GB3 ④ what appears t be…看起來像….的東西
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤ there appears t be…. 似乎/好像有……
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ appear ut f nwhere 突然冒出來
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦ appear vernight 一夜之間出現(xiàn)(反義:disappear vernight)
溫馨提示:
= 1 \* GB3 ①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/thugh…..結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般不能換成appear
= 2 \* GB3 ②appear 表示“出現(xiàn)”時(shí),不可與seem 換用
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
One day a stranger appeared n my drstep.
一天,一個(gè)陌生人出現(xiàn)在我家門前。
She tried hard t appear/seem (t be) calm at the interview.
面試時(shí)她努力讓自己顯得鎮(zhèn)靜。
There’s evidence that peple wh have a purpse in life appear/seem t d better.
有證據(jù)顯示有生活目標(biāo)的人似乎表現(xiàn)得更加出色。
It seemed like a gd idea.
這主意好像不錯(cuò)。
The thery withut practice seems/appears t be the cars withut mtrs.
沒有實(shí)踐的理論就像沒有引擎的汽車。
It seems as if they didn’t care abut Henry’s feelings at all.
他們似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒謊。
Everyne in the picture seems/appears t have put n sme weight, dn’t they?
照片中每個(gè)人好像胖了,是不是?
He desn’t seem/appear t be happy.
他看起來不高興。
She seemed/appeared t have caught a cld.
她好像感冒了。
【考點(diǎn)過關(guān)】
用appear, seem的適當(dāng)形式填空
He _______ t have traveled a lt.
He ________ t be very tired nw.
He ________ t be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, nt like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t lve her at all at that time.
It _________ t me that wrking experience is mre imprtant than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste fr music.
There ________ t be sme disagreement between his wrds and actins at present.
It _______ like rain nw.
【參考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
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