高中英語人教版 (2019)選擇性必修第三冊Unit 4 Adversity and Course當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)檢測題-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

【教材原句】
….Well, it s happened that ne mrning I bught a newspaper and read the advertisement abut the Antarctic expeditin. (教材P38)
What might happen t them? (教材P44)
【辨析】
三者都有“發(fā)生”的意思，都是不及物動詞，都沒有被動語態(tài)，但是有一定區(qū)別。
happen 和ccur一樣可以表示事情意外或偶然地發(fā)生，這種情況下兩者?？蓳Q用；happen 常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
= 1 \* GB3 ① sth. happen t sb./sth. 某人發(fā)生某事/某物怎么了
= 2 \* GB3 ② sb. Happen t d sth. 某人碰巧做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it happened + that 從句碰巧……
= 4 \* GB3 ④ there happen t be …… 碰巧有…..
ccur 除了表示意外或偶然發(fā)生某事外，也表示“想起，突然想起”，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
= 1 \* GB3 ① sth. ccur t sb. 某人想起（突然想起）某事
= 2 \* GB3 ② it ccur t sb. t d sth. 某人想起（突然想起）做某事
= 3 \* GB3 ③ it ccur t sb. + that 從句某人想起（突然想起）某事
take place 一般表示有準(zhǔn)備或按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事情，也可以表示“舉行，舉辦”會議，運動會等
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
What happened t yur truck?
你的卡車怎么樣了?
There happened t be sme peple there then.
那時，碰巧有一些人在那里。
It never ccurred t her t ask anyne.
她從未想到去問問別人。
It never ccurred t me that he might be in truble.
我怎么也沒有想到他會遇上麻煩。
Didn't it ccur t yu that he was lying?
你當(dāng)時沒想到他在撒謊嗎？
Hw did the accident happen/ccur?
事故是怎樣發(fā)生的?
That plane crash ccurred/happened nly minutes after take-ff.
空難在起飛幾分鐘后就發(fā)生了。
She hped nthing bad wuld happen t him.
她希望不會有什么不幸的事發(fā)生在他頭上。
Olympic Games take place every fur years in the wrld.
奧運會每四年（每隔三年）舉行一次。
Great changes have taken place in ur cuntry during the past frty years.
過去四十年里，我們的國家發(fā)生了巨大變化。
【考點過關(guān)】
用happen, ccur 和take place的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Electins ________ every five years in the cuntry nw.
2. It _______ t me that ging t Switzerland fr traveling will be marvelus!
3. Great changes ________ here since last year.
4. It never _________ t me that he might be in truble.
5. The severe car accident ________ in the street half an hur ag.
6. What has ________?
7. A gd idea __________ t them that day.
8. The meeting will ________ next week.
9. It ________ t me t visit my teacher.
10. It didn't _______ t him that she wuld refuse his invitatin.
【參考答案】
1. take place; 2. ccurs; 3. have taken place; 4. ccurred; 5. happened/ccurred; 6. has happened/has ccurred; 7. ccurred; 8. will take place; 9. ccurred; 10. ccur
●have/has been t + 地點; have/has gne t + 地點
【教材原句】
Hw everyne will envy me when I cme back and tell them abut the amazing places I have been t! (教材P38)
【辨析】
兩者意義完全不同, 所以用法就不同。
have/has been t + 地點. 表示“去過某地，已經(jīng)回來了”。主語可以是各種人稱，句子中常出現(xiàn)nce, twice, three times, just, ever, never, befre等詞。
have/has gne t + 地點表示““去某地了”，可能到目的地了，也可能在路上。主語常常是第三人稱。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
She has gne t her hmeland; she is cming t my hme next week.
她回她家鄉(xiāng)了，下周回來。
I have been t Hng Kng twice.
我去過香港兩次。
We have been t the Munt Tai, and we all enjyed urselves then.
我們?nèi)ミ^泰山，那時我們玩得很快樂。
He missed his mther very much, s he has already gne t his hme.
他很思念母親，所以他回家了。
They have been t Hangzhu and they fund it very interesting.
他們?nèi)ミ^香港，而且他們感覺那里很有趣。
Tm has gne t the W.C, s I have t wait fr him nw.
湯姆去廁所了，我現(xiàn)在得等他。
Hw many times have yu been t Shanghai？
你去過上海多少次？
I like the West Lake, s I have been there many times.
我非常喜歡西湖，因此我去過很多次。
-- May I speak t Mary? 是瑪麗嗎？
-- Srry, she has gne t Xi’an. 遺憾，她去西安了
He has never been t Hangzhu, but he has been t Wuhan nce.
他從來沒去過杭州，但是他去過武漢一次。
-- I haven’t seen him recently. 最近我沒有看見他。
-- Oh, he has gne t Fujian. 哦，他去福建了。
Sally isn’t at hme; she has gne t Japan.
薩利不在家，她去日本了。
【考點過關(guān)】
用been t; gne t填空
1. I have ever ______ Qingda; I went there last year
2. --Where’s Lucy? --She has ______ a restaurant fr lunch.
3. Have yu _______ this park befre?
4. I have ______ Hangzhu nly nce this year.
5. She has ________ the shp t buy a ntebk.
6. Yu’re late, but La Wang has _______ Guangzhu.
7. -- Hi, I’m lking fr yu everywhere. -- Oh, I have _______ the library.
8. My aunt has never _____ Russia, s she desn’t knw where Russia is.
9. The Blacks aren’t in Beijing; they have ______ Shenzhen tgether.
10. He desn’t want t see yu, s he has ________ anther city.
11. Oh, they are lking fr yu, and what place have yu _________?
12. – What place have yu ______ these days?
-- I have _______ Beijing t visit a friend
13. He has just _______ Chngqing, s I’m afraid yu can’t see him.
14. He has _______ many cities in China, but he has never _______ abrad.
15. My father has never ______ the park with me befre.
16. Mary and Linda have _______ the garden, s yu need t wait.
【參考答案】
1. been t; 2. gne t; 3. been t; 4. been t; 5. gne/been t; 6. gne t; 7. been t; 8. been t ; 9. been t; 10. gne t; 11. been t; 12. been t, been t; 13. gne t; 14. been t, been t; 15. been t ; 16. gne t
●rescue; save
【教材原句】
Befre we abandned the ship, Shackletn calmly called us tgether and tld us t rescue ur mst essential supplies—the small bats, ur fd, the ck stve, candles, clthes, and blankets. (教材P38)
If Shackletn fails, will we have any hpe f rescue? (教材P39)
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and jy that many f us culd nt hide ur tears. (教材P45)
And he paid us back by his cmmitment t save us frm a slw but painful death. (教材P45)
【辨析】
兩者都有“拯救、挽救，營救”的意思，但用法和意思稍有不同。
rescue 意思是“救援，營救，挽救，援救，救援行動”，既作名詞也做動詞，往往表示大災(zāi)大難之后快速而緊迫的營救和救援。
save 詞義更加廣泛，強(qiáng)調(diào)把處于危險或危機(jī)狀態(tài)中的人或物解救出來，使之脫離危險，表達(dá)這意思時不能作名詞；另外，save 還有“救助，節(jié)省，節(jié)約和儲蓄”的意思, 如，save time/energy/mney/strength 等。
溫馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①兩者在表示“營救，挽救，拯救”時一般可以互換。
= 2 \* GB3 ②rescue 可以作名詞，表示“救援，救援行動”，這時不能與save互換。
= 3 \* GB3 ③表示“救助，節(jié)省，節(jié)約和儲蓄”時，只能用save
= 4 \* GB3 ④表示“拯救/挽救/救某人生命”時，一般用save ne’s life
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
Helicpters rescued/saved nearly 20 peple frm the rf f the burning building.
直升機(jī)從著火的樓頂救出來了將近二十個人。
The brave firemen saved/rescued peple frm a burning huse.
勇敢的消防人員從燃燒的房子里救人。
He dve int the river t save/rescue the drwning child.
他跳入河中去救那個溺水的孩子。
The meeting is an attempt t mbilize natins t save children frm death by disease and malnutritin.
該會議試圖動員各國救助兒童，以免死于疾病和營養(yǎng)不良。
We shuld try t save water.
我們應(yīng)設(shè)法節(jié)約用水。
Hme wners are being encuraged t insulate their hmes t save energy.
當(dāng)局鼓勵房主給住房加隔熱裝置以節(jié)約能源。
They are campaigning t save the area frm building develpment.
他們正開展一場反對在這個地區(qū)進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的運動。
He's saving his strength fr the last part f the race.
他保存體力，以便在比賽的最后階段發(fā)力。
She needs t win the next tw games t save the match.
只有下面的兩場獲勝，她才能挽回敗局。
Cnsumptin rather than saving has becme the central feature f cntemprary scieties.
現(xiàn)代社會的主要特征是消費而不是儲蓄。
A helicpter was scrambled t help rescue/save three yung climbers.
直升機(jī)接到命令，緊急起飛前去營救三個登山的年輕人。
Every type f bat was pressed int service t rescue/save passengers frm the sinking ferry.
為了營救下沉渡輪上的旅客，各類船只都被臨時征用了。
The strain was beginning t tell n the rescue team.
過度的疲勞開始讓救援隊吃不消了。
Peple rushed t her rescue and picked her up.
人們沖上來把她救起。
【考點過關(guān)】
用save, rescue 的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. We_________ up t g t Australia fr several mnths.
2. If we g this way it will ______ us tw hurs n the trip.
3. Dctrs fught fr mre than six hurs t _______ his life.
4. S far we _______ enugh mney t pay fr the huse.
5. Tw children _______ frm the burning car.
6. The ______ helicpter made anther sweep ver the bay.
7. _______ teams are using thermal imaging t lcate survivrs f the earthquake.
8. _______ planes are trying t lcate the missing sailrs.
9. Vlunteers frmed a human chain ________ precius items frm the burning huse.
10. With the help f a ladder, neighbrs were able t _______ the children frm the blaze.
11. The exhausted climbers _______ by helicpter.
12. The bank stepped in _______ the cmpany frm financial ruin.
【參考答案】
1. have been saving; 2. save ; 3. save; 4. have saved; 5. were rescued/saved; 6. rescue; 7. Rescue; 8. Rescue; 9. t save/rescue; 10. rescue/save; 11. were rescued/saved; 12. t save/recue
●clthes; clth; clthing
【教材原句】
Befre we abandned the ship, Shackletn calmly called us tgether and tld us t rescue ur mst essential supplies—the small bats, ur fd, the ck stve, candles, clthes, and blankets. (教材P38)
I try t think f happier things: decent fd, warm and dry clthes, a csy bedrm, sunny days, and my mther’s face….. (教材P39)
It was almst as dangerus t becme t ht frm wearing t many clthes as t becme t cld frm wearing t few. (教材P44)
【辨析】
中這三者都與衣服有關(guān)，詞形上也很相似
clthes 表示的衣服包括上衣、褲子、外衣等各部分，永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
溫馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①clthes前不能用數(shù)詞修飾，但可以用形容詞性物主代詞my, their, his, her, ur, yur、指示代詞these, thse和不定代詞many，a few, several， sme等詞修飾。
正：thse clthes / few clthes / many clthes
誤：a clthes / tw clthes / three clthes
= 2 \* GB3 ② clthes單獨做主語時，謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 但a suit f clthes(一套衣服)做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
= 3 \* GB3 ③clthes可受某些名詞修飾，表示不同用途的衣服，如：schl clthes（校服），sprts clthes（運動服），wrk clthes（工作服），play clthes（休閑服）等；表示不同季節(jié)穿的服裝，如spring clthes（春裝）、summer clthes（夏裝）、autumn clthes（秋裝）、winter clthes（冬裝）；還有men’s clthes（男裝），wmen’s clthes（女裝），children’s clthes（童裝）等，但是“嬰兒服裝”是baby clthes，通常不說babies’ clthes。
= 4 \* GB3 ④表示一套衣服，可以借助suit或set，如：a suit f clthes(一套衣服)；tw suits f clthes(二套衣服)等。
clth指做衣服等用的材料，如布料，毛料、絲綢等，是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能和不定冠詞a連用，表示“一塊布料”是：a piece f clth/an article f clth/an item f clth，類似的表達(dá)還有：
Three pieces/articles/items f clth 三塊布；three yards f clth 3碼布；a rll f clth 一卷布。
溫馨提示：
當(dāng)clth和某些名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時，指有特殊用途的一塊布，是可數(shù)名詞。如: a dustclth/a dust clth 一塊抹布；a tableclth/a table clth 一塊桌布；
a dishclth/a dish clth 一塊洗碗布；a face clth 一塊洗臉毛巾。以上這種情況時，可以根據(jù)上下文語境簡稱為a clth.
clthing表示“衣服”的總稱，是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞, 永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù)形式。
溫馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①如果要表示“一件衣服”，可借助單位詞article, item或piece, 即: an article f clthing/an item f clthing/a piece f clthing；
三件衣服: three pieces /items/articles f clthing
= 2 \* GB3 ②漢語說中的“衣食”，在英語中通常表達(dá)為fd and clthing。
= 3 \* GB3 ③習(xí)語a wlf in sheep’s clthing的意思是“披著羊皮的狼”，其中的clthing習(xí)慣用法，一般不可能換成clthes。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
This kind f clth wears well.
這種布料很耐穿的。
Can yu see any difference between these tw pieces f clth?
你能看出這兩塊布料的不同嗎?
They handed each f us a ht wet clth t wipe ur hands.
他遞給我們每人一塊溫?zé)岬臐癫疾潦帧?br>The bx was cvered with a black clth by the magician.
盒子被魔術(shù)師蓋上黑布。
Yur clthes are in the bedside table.
你的衣服在床頭柜里。
Please send these clthes t the laundry.
請把這些衣服送到洗衣店去。
There was a suit f clthes n his bed.
他的床上有一套衣服。
He had t buy a gd many clthes.
他得買很多衣服。
This shp sells children's clthing.
這家商店出售童裝。
They prvided the refugees with fd and clthing.
他們向難民提供食品和衣物。
N matter where we are, we always have fd, clthing, and shelter us as well as peple wh lve us.
無論身在何處，我們都能得到衣食和庇護(hù)，還有關(guān)愛我們的人。
We need warm clthing fr the winter.
我們需要暖和的衣服過冬。
【考點過關(guān)】
1. I fund an article f ________ in his ffice.
2. Where did he get his ________ made？
3. What d yu think f this suit f ________?
4. She bught sme ________ t make sme new dresses.
5. The ________ feels smth and sft.
6. Pass me a table ________, please.
7. Thse curtain ________ need washing.
8. Our ________ prtects us frm the cld.
9. We have enugh fd and _____________ fr the winter.
10. She’s gt many beautiful ____________.
11. _________ can be made frm any kind f ________ including wl and cttn.
12. Hw much _______ will I need t make a pair f trusers?
13. She ften wears beautiful _________.
14. Yu shuld give all the ld ________ away.
【參考答案】
1. clthing; 2. clthes ; 3. clthes; 4. clth; 5. clth ; 6. clth ; 7. clths ; 8. clthing ; 9. clthing ; 10. clthes ;11. Clthing ; clth ; 12. clth ;13. clthes ;14. clthing
●manage t d sth. ; try t d sth.
【教材原句】
We are nw camped n the ice and we have been managing t survive, but spring is cming, and the ice will sn begin t melt. (教材P38)
As a chef, it was my duty t ck, s I tried t vary the meals in whatever way I culd. (教材P44)
【辨析】
兩個詞組都可表示“設(shè)法做”之意，均可接動詞不定式作賓語。但表示的含義有區(qū)別。
manage t d sth. “設(shè)法做成某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所做事情的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于succeed in ding sth. 或be successful in ding sth.
try t d sth. “努力/試圖/設(shè)法做某事”，但未必一定會能成功，只強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的過程，對其結(jié)果無限制, 所做之事不一定有困難, 相當(dāng)于try/d ne’s best t d sth.
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
I am trying t finish my hmewrk.
我正努力完成我的家庭作業(yè)。
I try nt t cnvince myself that she desn't lve me anymre.
我盡量不讓自己相信她不再愛我了。
He didn’t try t d it.
他不肯努力去干
please try t finish this wrk in thirty minutes.
請盡量在30分鐘完成這項工作。
I managed t get in cntact with the lady, wh’s in charge f this prject in the cmpany.
我成功地同那家公司負(fù)責(zé)這個項目的女士取得了聯(lián)系。
He managed t save her in time.
他設(shè)法及時挽救了她.
He tried t pen the bx with a knife.
他試圖用刀子打開箱子。
Time given t us defines hw lng we will stay with ur families, hw many gd things we will manage t d, and hw much interesting things we will see and learn.
時間決定了我們能與家人廝守多久，我們能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我們能看到聽到多少有趣的事情。
It shuld be pssible fr mst peple t manage t d it.
大多數(shù)人應(yīng)該都能做到。
【考點過關(guān)】
用 manage, try或其適當(dāng)形式填空
1. He ______ t climb the tree, but he culd nt.
2. If yu dn't ______ t d everything, it desn't matter. Mve any incmplete tasks frm tday nt tmrrw's list.
3. I see what yu mean, but if yu _______t d it, yu wn’t regret.
4. Fantastic! H des Beijing Municipal Gvernment ______ t d it?
5. Hw did yu _______t d it withut help?
6. Hw n earth did they _______ t d that?
7. If yu can ________ t d all three, yu'll raise yur intelligence by leaps and bunds.
8. Hw d yu ________ t d such a thing?
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist n speaking, we can _______ t d it.
10. Althugh yu may fail, when yu start t race fr a new team, yu ______t be successful as sn as pssible.
【參考答案】
1. tried; 2. manage; 3. try; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. try
●interrupt；disturb
【教材原句】
Hwever, these happy memries are sn interrupted by a sudden cld rush f air. (教材P39)
【辨析】
兩者都有“打擾”的意思，偶爾可互換，但是在意義上有很大區(qū)別。
interrupt 意思是“插嘴；打擾；打岔；使暫停；使中斷；阻斷，遮擋；打斷(某人)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上打斷或打斷別人的交談，或者是正在進(jìn)行的事情。
disturb意思是“打擾；干擾；妨礙;攪亂；弄亂；搞亂;使焦慮；使不安；使煩惱;擾亂治安”，側(cè)重指別人在專心做某件事情，或者是在休息的時候，去打擾了對方,引起對方反感，從而使人產(chǎn)生精神層面的煩惱或焦慮。
【例句呈現(xiàn)】
T many examples can interrupt the smth flw f the text.
例子太多會使行文不流暢。
I can't stand peple interrupting all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
Wuld yu mind nt interrupting all the time?
請你別老是插嘴好嗎？
The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比賽因下雨中斷了幾次。
Srry t interrupt, but there's smene t see yu.
對不起打擾一下，有人要見你。
We interrupt this prgram t bring yu an imprtant news bulletin.
我們暫停本節(jié)目，插播重要新聞。
Yu've interrupted my flw ─ I can't remember what I was saying.
你打斷了我的話——我記不得我在說什么了。
If yu get up early, try nt t disturb everyne else.
如果你起得早，盡量不要打擾別人。
He knew an intimate little bar where they wuld nt be disturbed.
他知道一處適合幽會的小酒吧，他們在那里不會受到打擾。
His wife's death disturbed the balance f his mind.
妻子的離世使他心神不寧。
She was in a disturbed state f mind.
她的腦子里一片混亂。
It disturbed her t realize that she was alne.
她意識到自己孤單一人，心里感到很不安。
Turists ften disturb the delicate balance f nature n the island.
觀光客常常破壞島上微妙的自然生態(tài)平衡。
I didn't like t disturb yu.
我本不愿打攪你。
【考點訓(xùn)練】
用interrupt和disturb的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. When we were talking, he ften _______ the cnversatin.
2. Dn’t _______ her because she is very busy.
3. His speech was cnstantly _______ by applause.
4. I'll see my patient nw and we expect nt t ________.
5. I was just ging t tell yu when yu _______.
6. It is nt plite ________ when smene is talking.
7. Please cntinue ─ I didn't mean _______.
8. Dn’t ________ me while I am writing.
9. The phne ringing ________ my train f thught.
10. My sister always _______ me when I study.
11. Frgive my ________ but I really dn't agree with that.
12. Please d nt ________ us when we are wrking.
13. He jacked in the earphne s that he wuld nt _______ thers.
14. The manager will be angry if yu ______ him when he's in cnference.
15. It will ________ yur nrmal mind.
【參考答案】
1. interrupted; 2. disturb; 3. interrupted; 4. be disturbed; 5. interrupted; 6. t interrupt; 7. t interrupt; 8. interrupt/disturb; 9. Interrupted; 10. disturbs; 11. interrupting; 12. interrupt/disturb; 13. disturb; 14. disturb; 15. disturb

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