
本單元詞匯梳理1. award:詞塊win / get / gain /receive an award award sb sth / award sth t sb2. pprtunity:詞塊take / seize / miss an pprtunity, an pprtunity t d sth / fr (ding) sth3. subscribe:詞塊subscribe t a magazine, subscribe t the view4. view:詞源: - vid- 看見 → view 被看見的 同根詞:visit, visin, televisin 同族詞:view — viewer — review — preview — interview 詞塊:cme int view, a sea view, in ne’s view, frm ne’s pint f view5. frmer:詞塊 the frmer … the latter
6. graduate:構詞 grad-(grade, 步、級) + -u- + -ate 名詞詞尾 → 在學業(yè)上完成某一步 / 某一級 → 畢業(yè); 同根詞 grade, gradual 詞塊:graduate frm senir high schl / university 熟詞生義:逐漸發(fā)展 / 升級為 (I quickly graduated frm typical children’s bks t nes with fewer pictures and lnger chapters. 2020 浙江) graduate v和n發(fā)音不同;派生詞graduatin7. fright:fright + -en(使) 詞族 fright — frighten — frightened — frightening frightened詞塊:be frightened f; be frightened t death frightened同義詞:scared, afraid
8. sight:意為“景點” 時常用復數(shù); sightseeing 詞塊 in / ut f (ne’s) sight, lse ne’s sight, at first sight, at the sight f, catch sight f, cme int sight, lse sight f, set ne’s sights n9. figure:一詞多義,基本義“形狀” 詞塊 figure ut; trade figures, a leading figure10. select:精準的漢語釋義“精選”, carefully chse 詞塊 select sb / sth fr sth, select sb / sth as sth, select sb / sth t d sth11. particular:詞塊 in particular; be particular abut / ver 派生詞 particularly 12. specific:詞塊 a specific gal, be specific t
13. refer t:一詞多義:談到,提到;查閱,參考;指的是14. keep a jurnal / diary15. struggle:詞塊 struggle with / against, struggle fr / t d sth; it’s a struggle fr sb t d sth16. memrise:memry + -ise (使)17. frward:詞塊 lk frward t (ding) sth n 前鋒 v 轉發(fā),轉寄18. imprve:詞源 em- (進入,使) + pru (利潤,收益) → 使變成利潤、增加收入,原義為“有收益的;有用的”。后拼寫受 prve 影響俗化。引申詞義為“改進;改善”。 派生詞 imprvement;詞塊:imprve n / upn
19. rate:詞塊 rate ... as; birth / heart rate; at a … rate / speed f, at any rate, first-rate / secnd-rate / third-rate20. perfrm:詞族 perfrm — perfrmance — perfrmer; perfrmance詞塊:give / put n a perfrmance; gd / pr / bad perfrmance21. exchange: ex- (ut) + change 詞塊:exchange views / ideas, exchange sth with sb, exchange sth fr sth; an exchange student, in exchange fr, an exchange rate, freign exchange
perfrm & perfrmance
智者創(chuàng)造機會,而不是等待機會?!?弗朗西斯·培根
弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacn,1561一1626),英國文藝復興時期散文家、哲學家。英國唯物主義哲學家,實驗科學的創(chuàng)始人,是近代歸納法的創(chuàng)始人,又是給科學研究程序進行邏輯組織化的先驅。主要著作有《新工具》、《論科學的增進》以及《學術的偉大復興》等。
n [C] & [U] 機會;時機 (chance):(a) rare / glden / perfect pprtunitytake / seize / use / prvide / miss an pprtunity (t d sth)Orientatin Day is a fantastic pprtunity fr new students t get t knw the schl and the ther students. 外研新必修① – 1May I take this pprtunity t thank yu fr all yur hard wrk.T learn English well, we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as we can. 2008 江蘇Mealtimes are an excellent pprtunity fr cnversatin.There’ll be plenty f pprtunity fr relaxing / t relax nce the wrk is dne.
? [U] 視野;視線 the ability t see sth r t be seen frm a particular place:There was usually nbdy in view except sme sheep in the grassland. The lake came int view as we turned the crner. Sit dwn — yu’re blcking my view.
詞源:來自拉丁語videre,看,詞源同visit, evident。同根詞還有:visible, visin, vide。
? [C] 風景;景色 what yu can see frm a particular place:While climbing the muntain, we enjyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.2008 北京書面表達I’d like a rm with a sea view / a cmmanding view.
側重表示從某處可看到的“遠景”,尤指從窗口、高處等看到的景色。
? [C] 觀點;看法 an pinin r idea abut sth (pinin):Jill and I have different views n / abut the subject. In my view, playing cmputer games is a waste f time. Can’t yu see things frm my pint f view? Yur view f life is different frm mine.
in view f 鑒于;考慮到:In view f the weather, the event will be held indrs. n view 在展出;展覽著:The painting is currently n view at the gallery.
[正式用語] 看;觀看;觀賞:These muntains are a splendid sight when viewed frm the valley flr. 看待 (see):We view film as a type f cntemprary art.
viewer n [C] (電視) 觀眾;觀察者
view vt 名詞動化
由詞根view組成的詞:
re + view = review (v)復習
pre + view = preview (v)預習
inter + view = interview (v)采訪;對……進行面試
■ v? vi 獲得學位;畢業(yè):He graduated in physics frm Cambridge University.He was brn in 1942 in Oxfrd and graduated frm Oxfrd University. ? vt 使……畢業(yè);授予……學位:The cllege graduated 500 students last year. ? vi 逐漸升級為:I quickly graduated frm typical children’s bks t nes with fewer pictures and lnger chapters. 2020 浙江
詞源: grad- (grade, 步、級) + -u- + -ate 名詞詞尾 → 在學業(yè)上完成某一步 / 某一級 → 畢業(yè)
graduatin n? [U] 畢業(yè):a graduatin certificate A year after graduatin, I was ffered a psitin teaching a writing class. 2011 廣東? [U] & [C] 畢業(yè)典禮:attend the graduatin
■ n [C] 學位獲得者;畢業(yè)生:a graduate schl a graduate in medicine / a medicine graduate He’s a graduate f Harvard.
sight 來源于古英語動詞see, sight 是其名詞形式,最初加名詞前綴th,后變成t→sight ,即the act f see。
? [U] 視力;視覺:have gd / pr sight When Shaw lst his sight, his wife suggested he apply fr a guide dg.
? [U] 看見;瞥見:Just the sight f the mnster made her g all weak.? [U] 視域;眼界;視線:I glanced arund me quickly. There was n ne in sight.She never lets her daughter ut f her sight.
? [C] 看見的事物;景象;情景:The practice f hanging flags is a cmmn sight in many parts f the cuntry n Natinal day. These muntains are a splendid sight when viewed frm the valley flr.? [復數(shù)] 名勝;景點 = places f interestsOverseas visitrs are impressed by the beautiful sights f Beijing.
所見之物基本義sight
at first sight 一見(就);乍一看:At first sight, there is nthing special abut the watch, but in fact it is a mbile phne. at the sight f 一看見:Sme peple will faint at the sight f bld. ‘catch sight f 看見;發(fā)現(xiàn):Suddenly, I caught sight f my English teacher in the crwd. cme int sight 進入視線;映入眼簾:As the plane came dwn thrugh the cluds, green fields and white huses came int sight. lse sight f 看不見;忽略;忘記:I lst sight f him in the crwd. set ne’s sights n 以…為奮斗目標:The player said that he had set his sights n winning the champinship in the cming Olympics.
figure的前世今生
在《圣經(jīng)》中,亞當和夏娃偷吃了禁果之后,有了羞恥感,于是夏娃就想找個樹葉子來遮擋自己的身體。柳樹葉子太小,梧桐葉子又太大,身邊正好有無花果(fig)樹,就摘了無花果的葉子作為貼身短衣。 因為fig是用來遮擋身體形狀的,所以figure的含義引申為“形狀”。
?[常用復數(shù)]數(shù)字;位數(shù);算術:the latest trade figures have a head fr figures He gt a jb, earning clse t six figures. ?(尤指女性的) 體形 / 身材 / 身影:a tall figure in black Every wman wants a slim figure these days.
? 人物;人士 a persn wh is imprtant r famus:a public / a leading / an authrity figure ? 畫像;塑像:a brnze figure f a hrse ? 圖表;圖形:See Figure 1. A triangle is a three-sided figure.
figure v? vi 是重要部分;是……的部分 t be an imprtant part f sth :My feeling abut the matter didn’t seem t figure at all. ? vt [非正式用語] 認為;估計 t think r guess sth :Frm the way he behaved, I figured (that) he was drunk.? vt (AmE) 計算:I’m just figuring my expenses. figure ut 弄清楚;弄明白;計算出:I culdn’t figure ut what I had dne t anny my bss. Have yu figured ut hw much the trip will cst? 2012 福建
詞源:有了羞恥感的亞當和夏娃“認為”遮擋身體很重要,所以figure又引申出“是重要部分、是……的部分”的意思。
figure語義網(wǎng)絡圖
形狀figure n(基本義)
是重要部分;是……的部分
玩游戲的時候,你曾為“挑選”角色苦惱過嗎?挑選又如何表達呢?
I want t read an English bk, but I can’t chse the right ne. The cach has nt chsen me t play in the ftball team. Summer Activities Students shuld read the list with their parents, and select tw activities they wuld like t d. 2018 全國 Select smething arund yu that yu share with the ther persn. 2015 安徽
讀下面的句子,體會chse和select的區(qū)別:
In everyday English, peple usually say chse rather than select.
vt (經(jīng)過認真思考而) 挑選;精選 t chse sb / sth, usually carefully, frm a number f similar things:He selected a mbile phne fr persnal use.① select sb / sth fr sth:He had hpes f being selected fr the natinal team. ② select sb / sth as sth:Mr Clark was selected as the Best Teacher f the Year. ③ select sb / sth t d sth:He’s the nly student in the class that has been selected t take part in the Mdel United Natins cnference. 2014 湖北
辨 select, chse, pick 三者都有“選擇”之意。select 指“精選”,是基于要求從同類的許多事物或人中仔細辨別后選出最合適的。select比chse更正式。chse 指挑選自己喜歡的人或物;決定或更喜歡做某事。chse 泛指選擇,可不帶賓語。Yu chse — I can’t decide. 你來選,我決定不了。pick 指從一群人或一組事物中選出一個或一些,可泛指選擇,口語用詞。
chse t d can’t chse but d sthchse frm pick ut pick ne’s wrds
? selective adj 慎重選擇的;精挑細選的? selectin n [U] & [C] 可選之人或物;選集:make a selectin Selectins Frm Charles Dickens《狄更斯選集》
閱讀理解中隨處可見的refer t
What des the underlined wrd “stumble” in paragraph 2 refer t?
(2019 全國卷I 閱讀B篇)What des the wrd “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer t? (2018 浙江 閱讀B篇)What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t? (2017全國卷II 閱讀D篇)What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t? (2016全國卷II 閱讀C篇)
refer t 指的是
詞源:re-(back) + fer (carry), 即為“帶回來”。When ne thing refers t anther, ne meaning carries back t the ther — there’s sme kind f relatin. 因此,refer t的基本義是“使……聯(lián)系”。
refer (...) t? 談到;提到 (mentin):The scientist referred t glbal warming at least three times in his speech. ? 查閱;參考:While giving the English speech, ne is nt allwed t refer t the ntes.
? 指的是 t describe r be cnnected t sb / sth:The wrd business als refers t an rganizatin that prvides gds and services. 2013 全國? 把……提交給;把……委托給:My clleague said that as the situatin was unusual he wuld refer the matter t his editr.
使聯(lián)系(t relate)refer t
在演講、說話時聯(lián)系到某人、某物
把……提交給;把……委托給
refer t語義網(wǎng)絡圖
■ n [C] 斗爭;奮斗;難事:The struggle fr freedm was lng and hard. It was a struggle fr her t make him understand.
■ vi (與某人) 搏斗;斗爭;掙扎:a struggling artist 2020 全國struggle t ne’s feet / struggle ne’s way t① struggle with / against:He has been struggling with illness fr years.
② struggle fr / t d sth: struggle fr freedm / independence / human rights Many f the families were struggling t make ends meet. 2020 山東改
imprve the envirnment His health is imprving. We had better ask ur teachers r classmates fr advice n hw t imprve ur writing. 2009 福建imprve n / upn 對……做出改進;做得比……更好:Lily has scred 98 in the maths test, and I dn’t think anyne will imprve n that.詞匯拓展imprvement n [U] & [C] 改良;改善;改進處
詞源:em- (進入、使) + pru (利潤、收益) → 使變成利潤、增加收入,詞源義為“有收益的;有用的”。后拼寫受 prve 影響俗化。引申詞義“改進;改善”。
vt & vi 改善;提高:
“A Buddism gdness Guanyin Bdhisattva” is the Chinese natinal cultural heritage f mankind. It is ______ (perfrm) by disabled _______ (perfrm). The ________ (perfrm) mved the whle China.
? vt 做;履行;執(zhí)行 t d sth, especially sth difficult r useful (carry ut):perfrm an experiment / an peratin / a miracleYu shuld perfrm yur duties / prmise. ? vt & vi 表演;演出:I’ve never seen a Shakespeare’s play perfrmed s wnderfully. ? vi 表現(xiàn);運轉:He was disappinted because he had nt perfrmed well in the 1988 Seul Olympics. The machine is perfrming very prly.
perfrm v 學術詞匯
日常英語中更常用carry ut
做演出之類的事情(人)
perfrm 語義網(wǎng)絡
人做事情 / 機器運作的結果
? [C] 表演;演出: give a live perfrmance put n a perfrmance f Hamlet ? [C] & [U] 表現(xiàn);業(yè)績:academic perfrmance My gd perfrmance in the jb interview left me ptimistic abut my future. 2014 安徽He criticized the recent pr perfrmance f the cmpany.
perfrmance n
? perfrmer n [C] 表演者;執(zhí)行者
exchange 的詞源義是“act f reciprcal giving and receiving”。它是由前綴 ex- (ut) 和 change 組成,可以理解為“拿……出去換成……”,其基本義是 “交換” 。
在原始社會,人們 “物物交換”,交換自己所需要的物資。但是有時候受到用于交換的物資種類的限制,不得不尋找一種能夠為交換雙方都能夠接受的物品,這種物品就是最原始的貨幣。隨著商品生產(chǎn)和交易量逐漸增大,商人們?yōu)榱苏勆饩捅仨毶潭ㄒ粋€固定的地點定期會見,就產(chǎn)生了“交易所”。
express explain
ex- 意為“ut 向外”
ex- + change =?
exchange ■ n ? [C] & [U] 交換;交流:
an exchange studentWuld yu like my ld TV in exchange fr this camera?
? [C] (商品的) 調換:
The stre’s plicy is nt t allw returns r exchanges.
freign exchange
? [U] (貨幣的) 兌換:
New Yrk Stck Exchange
人與人或物與物之間的“交換”
exchange語義網(wǎng)絡圖
交換基本義exchange
? 交換;交流:exchange views / ideas Befre graduatin, students exchange presents with each ther.
“交換”時與 with 搭配
“更換”時與 fr 搭配
? 更換;兌換 (change):I’d like t exchange this dress fr ne in a larger size.Yu can exchange yur currency fr dllars in the htel.
這是特朗普和希拉里在2016年競選美國總統(tǒng)時的情形。據(jù)說這是美國史上最沒底線的總統(tǒng)大選辯論。Why? 因為Trump and Clintn exchanged heavily in persnal attacks.
exchange的意義由交換具體的人或物到交換抽象的東西如思想或信息的轉變。如果雙方心平氣和地交換思想或信息,可稱為“交流”。如果雙方怒氣沖沖地交換的內容是人身攻擊 (persnal attacks),嚴肅的說法是“爭論”,通俗的說法是“互撕”。
frightened adj 受驚的;害怕的 afraid; feeling fear:Frightened children were calling fr their mthers.be frightened f (ding) sth:Are yu frightened f thunder? I’m frightened f walking hme alne at midnight.
frightening adj 令人害怕的;嚇人的 making yu feel afraid :a frightening experience / thught
用括號內單詞的適當形式填空,體會分詞形容詞。1. This stry is _________ (interest) and fun fr the whle family t enjy. (2014 全國)2. I’m really ________ (interest) in this psitin and hpe I can wrk fr yu. (2014 遼寧)3. They say it’s _______ (bre) t hear the same sngs all the time.4. _______ (bre) with life in the city, he mved t a village.5. Starting university can be exciting, and can als be _______ (wrry). 5. She was very _______ (wrry) abut her sick mther.
interesting
分詞形容詞:很多動詞的-ing分詞和-ed分詞已經(jīng)成為獨立詞條的形容詞,甚至有些分詞形容詞比其動詞形式更為常用。例如:interested / interesting, excited / exciting, bred / bring, surprised / surprising, wrried / wrrying, tired / tiring, frightened / freighting
將上面的分詞形容詞分類:? 表示人的感受:? 表示人/物給人帶來的感受:
interested, excited, bred, wrried, tired, frightened
interesting, exciting, bring, wrrying, tiring, frightening
一、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示,用pprtunity的詞塊完成下列句子。1. Games and sngs prvide the _________________ (理想的機會) fr classrm interactin and language develpment.2. There’ll be plenty f ___________________________________________(放松的機會) nce the wrk is dne.3. We shuld _____________________ (抓住每次機會) t widen ur experience.二、根據(jù)所給提示,將下列句子譯成英語。1. 為了學好英語,我們應該找機會盡量多聽英語。(pprtunity)______________________________________________________________2. 我要借此機會對你們的辛勤工作表示感謝。(take the pprtunity t d sth)______________________________________________________________
(an) pprtunity / pprtunities fr relaxing / t relax
perfect pprtunity
seize every pprtunity
T learn English well, we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as we can.
I wuld like t take this pprtunity t thank yu fr all yur hard wrk.
一、寫出下列句子中view的漢語釋義。1. I gt a place next t the windw, s I had a gd view f the sidewalk. (2014 全國) __________ 2. D yu agree with the grandfather’s view n life? (2015 天津) __________ 3. Silence may be viewed by sme cultural grups as extremely uncmfrtable. (2016 全國) __________ 4. On these sites, a student can view numerus phts and art pieces frm different mediums. (2011 湖南) __________ 5. If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden ur view and gain knwledge we cannt get frm bks. (2016 全國) __________
二、寫出下列短語的英語形式。1. 擋住某人的視線 ___________________2. 映入眼簾 __________________3. 人生觀 ___________________4. 鑒于;考慮到 ___________________三、將下列句子譯成英語。1. 關于這個話題,我們有不同的觀點。 We have ______________________ the subject. 2. 在我看來,人和人之間沒有什么差別。 _____________________________, there is n difference between ne persn and anther.
blck sb’s view
cme int view
view f life
different views n / abut
Frm my pint f view / In my view
在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。 1. I was lucky: I became a pilt in 1970, almst ten years befre I graduated _________ medical schl. (2013 全國)2. After _________ (graduate), she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling. (2020 山東)3. Like many new _________ (graduate), I left university full f hpe fr the future but with n real idea f what I wanted t d. (2014 廣東)
1. 喪失視力 ________________________ 2. 一見鐘情 / 一見傾心 ________________________ 3. 相看兩生厭 ________________________ 4. 出現(xiàn)在視線中 ________________________ 5. 一副慘兮兮的樣子 ________________________6. 壯觀的景象 ________________________
lse sb’s sight
lve at first sight
can’t stand the sight f sb
cme int sight
a srry / pitiful sight
an impressive / a splendid sight
一、根據(jù)句意寫出figure的漢語釋義。__________ 1. As fr my favrite figure in Chinese histry, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. (2016 北京書面表達)__________ 2. The way yu design yur hme may have an effect n yur figure. (2015 全國) __________ 3. It’s imprtant fr the figures t be updated regularly. (2011 北京)
二、完成句子。1. ___________________________ (當一名公眾人物) tday is a lt mre difficult than it used t be. (2013 北京)2. In rder t ___________________________ (有一個好身材), mst wmen try everything t lse weight.
Being a public figure
have a gd figure
用所給單詞或詞塊的正確形式替換畫線部分,使句意保持不變。1. In his speech, he referred t a recent trip t Canada. __________2. When yu meet with a new wrd, yu can refer t a dictinary. __________3. The term “multitasking” referred t a cmputer’s ability t carry ut several tasks at ne time._________
lk it up in
mean, lk it up in, mentin
一、在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。 1. It was a real struggle ___________ (be) ready n time.2. India attained independence in 1947, after _________ lng struggle. (2013 全國)3. Many students will struggle _________ (find) a sense f belnging after entering cllege. (2016 北京改)4. Like it r nt, ur adult lives will be cnsumed by the struggle _________ mney. (2011 安徽閱讀)5. His hands tell the stry f his life as a farmer, including all his _________ (struggle). (2013 天津完形)
二、翻譯下列句子。1. In 1862 the American slaves wn their struggle fr freedm. ________________________________________________2. It was a hard struggle t get my wrk dne in time. ________________________________________________3. 千千萬萬的人在掙扎求存。 ________________________________________________
Millins f peple are struggling fr survival.
為按時完成工作,我做了一番努力。
1862年美國黑奴贏得了爭取自由的斗爭。
翻譯下列句子。1. 他在學校的表現(xiàn)進步很大。__________________________________2. 我們相信,通過我們進一步的努力環(huán)境將會得到改善。_______________________________________________3.我已經(jīng)很努力來提高英語水平。__________________________________
His perfrmance at schl has greatly imprved.
We are cnfident that the envirnment will be imprved by ur further effrts.
I’ve tried very hard t imprve my English.
一、用perfrm的正確形式完成下列句子。1. The star ____________ f the match was Bill Hlland wh scred 26 pints. 2. The rchestra that gave an impressive ____________ tnight will be _____________ at the Silver Palace next week. 3. N matter hw frequently _____________, the wrks f Beethven still attract peple all ver the wrld.
二、根據(jù)所給漢語提示,用適當?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. My _____________________ (良好表現(xiàn)) in the jb interview left me ptimistic abut my future and abut what I can d here. (2014 安徽)2. The musician has _____________________ (舉辦了十場演出) in the last three mnths. (2019 江蘇改)
given ten perfrmances
gd perfrmance
一、在括號內填入適當?shù)慕樵~。1. He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby _______ ther fd. (2015 廣東)2. I’ll type yur reprt if yu lk after my baby ______ exchange.3. If yu have a bk and dn’t want t keep it, yu can exchange it ______ me. (2012 重慶)4. This exchange ________ greetings raised the kids’ prductivity. (2009 山東)
二、將下列短語譯成英語。1. 交換生 _______________________________________ 2. 互換電話號碼 __________________________________3. 將美元換成英鎊 __________________________________
an exchange student / exchange students
exchange telephne numbers / the exchange f telephne numbers
exchange dllars fr punds
三、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. Mike Perry and Max Griffin have a heated exchange n scial media. __________2. I shk hands and exchanged a few wrds with the manager. __________3. Several peple were killed during the exchange f fire. __________4. There was a brief exchange between the tw leaders. __________
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這是一份高中英語外研版 (2019)必修 第一冊Unit 3 Family matters示范課課件ppt,共55頁。PPT課件主要包含了track,style,judge,positive,settle,feature,句子副詞,話題詞匯,judge v,judge語義網(wǎng)絡圖等內容,歡迎下載使用。
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