直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。直接引語一般前后要加引號，間接引語不用。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。
如：Jhn said, “I have wrked ut this maths prblem.”---直接引語
=Jhn said that he had wrked ut this maths prblem. ---間接引語
用法歸納：
一、陳述句
直接引語為陳述句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that可省略）, 主句的位于動詞主要有say, tell, repeat, think, explain等。同時，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。其一般規(guī)則如下：
1. 時態(tài)的變化（以d為例）
【注意】；下列情況下，直接引語變間接引語時時態(tài)不變。
(1) 主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時。
如：Ling Ling says, “Li Ming des well in English.”---Ling Ling says that Li Ming des well in English.
(2) 直接引語陳述的是客觀事實或真理。
如：“The earth ges arund the sun,” said ur teacher.---Our teacher said that the earth ges arund the sun.
(3) 直接引語中有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。
如：The yung man tld me, “I was enjyed by the cmpany in 1998.”
---The yung man tld me that he was emplyed by the cmpany in 1998.
2. 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
this---thatthese—thsenw---then tday---that dayyesterday---the day befre
Tmrrw---the next/fllwing dayhere---therecme---g
【注意】：如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there，動詞cme不必改為g；如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday, tmrrw等時間狀語也不必改變。
3. 人稱代詞的變化
(1) “一隨主”：若直接引語中有第一人稱，變間接引語時應(yīng)與主句中主語人稱相一致。
(2) “二隨賓”：若直接引語中有第二人稱，變間接引語時應(yīng)與主句中賓語的人稱相一致。
(3) “第三人稱不更新”：直接引語中的第三人稱變間接引語時不需要變化。
二、疑問句
直接引語時疑問句時，間接引語要用陳述語序，主句的謂語動詞常用ask,或改為wnder, d nt knw等。
1. 若直接引語時一般疑問句或反義疑問句，變間接引語時將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
Jhn asked, “Have yu finished yur hmewrk?”---Jhn asked if/whether I had finished my hmewrk.
2. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，變間接引語時則將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
“Where are yu frm?” Jhn asked me.---Jhn asked me where I was frm.
3. 若直接引語為選擇疑問句，變間接引語時則將直接引語變?yōu)閣hether…r…引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
“D yu want t g hme r stay here?” She asked.---She asked me whether I wanted t g hme r stay there.
三、祈使句
1. 引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell, rder轉(zhuǎn)述；
2. 引述表示建議、勸告的祈使句，可用advise, suggest等詞轉(zhuǎn)述；
3. 引述表示請求的祈使句，常用ask, beg等詞轉(zhuǎn)述；
4. 引述表警告或提醒的祈使句，常用remind, warn等詞轉(zhuǎn)述。
“Hand in yur hmewrk after schl.” the teacher said t the students.
--The teacher tld the students t hand in their hmewrk after schl.
“Please frgive me,” she said t her father.---She begged her father t frgive her.
四、感嘆句：感嘆句的間接引語可以用what/hw 引導(dǎo)
They said, “Hw lvely the day is!” --- They said hw lvely the day was.
I、單句語法填空
1. The physics teacher tld his students that light _______________(travel) faster than sund.
2. Mary asked me _________________ I wuld g t the cncert with her that evening.
3. He said they had insisted that she _____________________(start) immediately.
4. Mr. Wang tld the children that he _________________(leave) fr Shanghai n business next mnth.
5. She said that she __________________(write) a letter when he kncked at the dr.
6. Cheng Le advised us ___________________(read) a gd English magazine, like Time.
7. The little girl tld him that she ___________________(watch) the wnderful ftball match the mnth befre.
8. The match was put ff t ____________ next day because f bad weather.
II、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：直接引語變成間接引語
The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and ges dwn in the west.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Yu must cme here befre five.” He said.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Did yu see her last week?” Jhn asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Where have yu been these days?” he asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming said, “Let’s g t the theater this evening.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
二、單元主題寫作：write an reprt n an envirnmental issue
I．典例詳析
某英文報刊將開展一次主題為“Envirnmental Prtectin”的征文活動。請你以“Reducing air pllutin”為題，寫一篇100詞左右的英文報告。內(nèi)容如下：
提出問題；
給出建議；
得出結(jié)論及期望。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a. 關(guān)鍵詞語：
1. 導(dǎo)致，造成，引起__________________________2. 對…有影響 ___________________________
3. 對…造成極大傷害__________________________4. 對…有害處____________________________
5. 呼吁某人做某事 ___________________________6. 與…和諧相處__________________________
7. 用盡，耗盡，用完__________________________8. 采取措施做某事________________________
9. 對…負(fù)責(zé)/承擔(dān)責(zé)任_________________________10. 努力做… _____________________________
b. 根據(jù)中文提示完成下面句子（盡可能用上已學(xué)詞匯和句式）：
提出問題：1. 眾所周知，空氣污染變得越來越嚴(yán)重了，這引起了我們極大的重視。（定語從句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
銜接上下文：2. 為了解決這個問題，政府還有我們個人都應(yīng)采取有效的措施。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施1：3. 政府應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度，迫使一些工廠關(guān)閉或搬出市中心。(ding做結(jié)果狀語)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
措施2：4. 應(yīng)生產(chǎn)使用新能源的汽車和公交車，只有這樣，才能大幅減少二氧化碳排放。（倒裝句）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施3：5. 我們個人應(yīng)提高保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識，并呼吁更多的人積極參與到此當(dāng)中來。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
得出結(jié)論：6. 正是隨著這些措施的生效和國民做出的不懈努力，我堅信我們能過上更幸福的生活。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
連句成文（注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，并盡可能使用高級詞匯和句式）：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
實戰(zhàn)演練：
(一) 全球氣候變暖是目前人類面臨的最大環(huán)境問題，請你根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇英語短文，為節(jié)能減排獻(xiàn)計獻(xiàn)策。要點提示：
1.球變暖的原因和危害；
2.應(yīng)對措施；
3.
注意：1. 詞數(shù) 80-100；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(二) 假設(shè)你是李華，將為你校英語報寫一篇有關(guān)交通安全的報告。你通過采訪有關(guān)部門，獲得了你市去年的交通事故統(tǒng)計圖表，請根據(jù)得到的信息為校 報寫一篇報告，呼吁人們重視交通安全，遵守交通規(guī)則。
寫作要點：
1. 交通事故發(fā)生的數(shù)量和危害；
2. 事故原因（道路擁擠、違章、酒后駕車）；
3. 防范措施。
注意：詞數(shù)100左右。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3 單元語法和寫作參考答案：
I. 1 travels 2 if/whether 3 shuld start 4 wuld leave 5 was writing 6 t read
7 had watched 8 the
II. 1 The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and ges dwn in the west.
2. He said that I had t g there befre five.
3. Jhn asked if/whether I had seen her the week befre.
4. He asked where I had been thse days.
5. Li Ming suggested that they shuld g t the theatre that evening.
=Li Ming suggested ging t the theatre that evening.
a. 1 lead t/result in/bring abut2 have an effect/influence/impact n3 cause/d great damage t
4 d harm t/be harmful t 5 call n/appeal t sb. t d sth.6 live in harmny with…
7 run ut f vi/ run ut/use up vt. 8 take steps/measures/actins t d sth. 9 take respnsibility fr
10 make an effrt/make every effrt/make great effrts/spare n effrts t d sth.
b. 1. As is knwn t us all, air pllutin is becming mre and mre serius, which has caused ur great attentin.
2. 為了：t d…/in rder t d…/in an effrt t d…/in a bid t d…/in an attempt t d…/ with the aim /intentin/purpse f ding…/ aim t d…/ be aimed at ding…
In an attempt t tackle the prblem, the gvernment, alng with us individuals, shuld take sme effective measures.
3. The gvernment shuld set up strict regulatins, frcing sme factries t clse dwn r mve ut f the city center.
4. Cars and buses using new clean energy shuld be prduced. Only in this way, can the carbn dixide emissin be dramatically reduced/lead t a dramatic decrease.
5. We as individuals shuld raise the awareness f envirnmental prtectin and call n mre peple t be actively invlved in it.
6. It is with these measures in effect and tireless effrts made by citizens that I hld the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
連句成文（注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，并盡可能使用高級詞匯和句式）：
Reducing air pllutin
As is knwn t us all, air pllutin is becming mre and mre serius, which has caused ur great attentin. In an attempt t tackle the prblem, the gvernment, alng with us individuals, shuld take sme effective measures.
T begin with, the gvernment shuld set up strict regulatins, frcing sme factries t clse dwn r mve ut f the city center. Furthermre, cars and buses using new clean energy shuld be prduced. Only in this way, can the carbn dixide emissin bring abut a dramatic decrease. Mst imprtantly/Best f all, we as individuals shuld raise the awareness f envirnmental prtectin and call n mre peple t be actively invlved in it.
It is with these measures in effect and tireless effrts made by citizens that I hld the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
實戰(zhàn)演練一
With the rapid develpment f the ecnmy, pllutin has becme ne f the mst serius prblems nwadays. The emissin f greenhuse gases nt nly results in mre and mre CO2 in the atmsphere but als keeps the temperature ging up. It has many harmful effects n human beings and nature, such as the rise f sea levels, many natural disasters and s n.
Therefre, it’s time that we shuld take steps t make a difference. First f all, energy shuld be saved. What’s mre, we shuld plant mre trees as they absrb carbn dixide frm the air and refresh ur spirit when we lk at them. Mst imprtantly, we shuld talk with ur family and friends abut glbal warming t raise peple’s awareness f the imprtance f prtecting the envirnment.
實戰(zhàn)演練二
As is knwn t all, many rad accidents happened every year, leading t many peple being killed r injured. What’s wrse, rad accidents are tending t increase.
The main reasn why s many traffic accidents have happened is that the rads are crwded and peple ignre traffic rules. Sme drivers disbey traffic rules and drive after drinking alchl.
Aimed at reducing traffic accidents, firstly, the gvernment shuld take sme prper measures, such as widening the rads. Mrever, the plice shuld make peple bey the rules strictly and call n everyne t bey traffic rules fr the safety f all peple. Only when peple have decided t take actin, will traffic prblems be slved.
直接引語
間接引語
時態(tài)
d/des
did
am/is/are ding
was/were ding
has/have dne
had dne
did
had dne
had dne
had dne 不變
will d
wuld d

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高中英語人教版 (2019)選擇性必修 第三冊電子課本

Unit 3 Environmental Protection

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年級： 選擇性必修 第三冊

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