UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONⅠ.匹配詞義a．匹配下列單詞詞義(　　)1.emission　  A．vt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服(　　)2.fuel B．vt.對(duì)……處以罰款(　　)3.worldwide   C．vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；變革；改良(　　)4.broadcast D．n.公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)(　　)5.policy   E．vt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)(　　)6.reform   F．n.燃料；刺激性言行(　　)7.submit   G．n.政策；方針；原則(　　)8.enterprise   H．vt.&vi.播送；廣播；傳播 n．廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目(　　)9.restore   I．n.排放物；散發(fā)物；排放(　　)10.fine   J．adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影響全世界的[答案]　1—5　IFJHG　6—10　CADEBb．匹配下列短語(yǔ)詞義(　　)1.result in　 A．許多；很多(　　)2.take action B．對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響(　　)3.carry out   C．指的是(　　)4.dozens of D．被困在；陷入困境；陷入(　　)5.have an impact on E．采取措施(　　)6.refer to   F．導(dǎo)致(　　)7.be trapped in   G．執(zhí)行；實(shí)施(　　)8.on behalf of   H．代表(代替)某人[答案]　1—5　FEGAB　6—8　CDHⅡ.默寫(xiě)單詞1．melt vi.&vt.　 (使)融化；熔化；軟化2．implement vt.   使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行3．moderate adj.    適度的；中等的；溫和的         vi.&vt.    緩和；使適中4．annual adj.   每年的；一年的n.   年刊；年鑒5．volume n.   量；體積；(成套書(shū)籍中的)一卷6．campaign n.    運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役vi.&vt.    參加運(yùn)動(dòng)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)7．sensitive adj.    敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的8．nuclear adj.    原子能的；核能的；原子核的9．garbage n.   垃圾；廢物10．ecology n.   生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)Ⅰ.選詞填空restore；trend；sensitive；release；melt；submit；campaign；worldwide；undergo；policy 1．The snow had melted，but the lake was still frozen solid.2．Humour is wonderful for releasing tension.3．His books have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide．4．There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement.5．The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.6．Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers.7．They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.8．She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.9．She may not have the money to maintain or restore her house.10．Today police launched a campaign to reduce road accidents.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空之派生詞1．Over three hundred people have died of starvation(starve) since the beginning of the year.2．Making the house habitable(habit) was a major undertaking.3．This is why the focus now is on sustainable(sustain) development.4．The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive(comprehension) guide to the region.5．I frequently(frequent) use sunflowers as symbols of strength.6．The government has agreed to lift restrictions(restrict) on press freedom.7．It is a harmonious(harmony) community where pupils are happy and industrious.8．Yet much of their success reflects good management and good regulations(regular)．9．All products have to pass strict inspection(inspect) before they go out.10．His toleration(tolerate) of her behaviour amazed me.1．According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. 據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)其尸體的科學(xué)家稱，北極熊僅存的只是“皮包骨頭”。2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.專家稱，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠(yuǎn)的距離才能找到食物。3．Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.氣候?qū)W家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的過(guò)程，叫作“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個(gè)共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。4．Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane and carbon dioxide，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.大氣層中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕獲了一些熱量，保持了地球氣候的溫暖和宜居。5．There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.有確鑿而全面的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增多，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。名師圈點(diǎn)①decade n．十年②graph n．圖；圖表；曲線圖③atmosphere n．大氣層；氛圍④melt vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化melting ice正在融化的冰⑤evidence n．證據(jù)；根據(jù)⑥dramatic adj.巨大的；令人震驚的；戲劇性的⑦Svalbard斯瓦爾巴群島(又譯斯瓦爾巴特、斯匹次卑爾根群島)意為冷岸海岸。位于北極地區(qū)的群島，是挪威最北界國(guó)土范圍的屬地，它坐落在歐洲大陸北方，于挪威大陸與北極點(diǎn)兩者之間。⑧skin and bone皮包骨頭⑨starve vi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死starvation n．饑餓；挨餓；餓死⑩claim vt.宣稱；聲明；斷言?alarming adj.使人驚恐的；令人驚慌的；引起恐慌的?have an impact on...對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響?ecology n．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)?average adj.平均的n．平均數(shù)?refer to指的是；參考；查閱?short-wave短波的?release vt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布?length n．長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度?methane n．甲烷；沼氣? carbon dioxide 二氧化碳habitable adj.適合居住的sustain vt.維持；遭受；承受住extra adj.額外的fossil n．化石be trapped in被困在；陷入困境；陷入comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的extreme adj.極度的；極端的worldwide adj.遍及全球地appropriate adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)?/span>trend n．趨勢(shì)；趨向；動(dòng)向broadcast vt.&vi.播送；廣播；傳播emission n．排放物；散發(fā)物；排放result in導(dǎo)致 long-lasting 持久的；長(zhǎng)期的individual n．個(gè)人 carbon footprint 碳足跡restrict vt.限制；限定；束縛seize vt.抓?。粖Z??；控制原文呈現(xiàn)CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRESTHE WORLD'S ATTENTIONWe have known about climate change for decades①. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph②)．[1] A warming ocean and atmosphere③ along with melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate.[1]There is no doubt that...……不容置疑的。In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on[2] Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard⑦. According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones⑧”．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body[3]，the bear appeared to have starved⑨ and died. Experts claimed⑩ that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming? case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on? Earth's ecology?.[2]that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a dead bear。[3]who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾an expert；that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。Then what is causing the increase in the global average? surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings[4]: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to? the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave? radiation[5]．The heat is released? back into space at longer wave lengths?. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as methane? and carbon dioxide?，trap some of the heat，keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable. Without this process，Earth could not sustain life. However，the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.[4]called...是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。[5]that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋the fact。There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives[6]．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.[6]that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋evidence；causing和costing在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help？譯文參考氣候變化需要全世界的關(guān)注我們已經(jīng)知道氣候變化幾十年了。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得越來(lái)越暖和(如圖所示)。海洋和大氣的變暖，冰的融化和海平面的上升，為全球氣候的劇烈變化提供了證據(jù)。2013年，挪威北極斯瓦爾巴特島發(fā)現(xiàn)一只北極熊死亡的新聞?wù)掌?/span>，令很多人震驚。據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)其尸體的科學(xué)家稱，北極熊僅存的只是“皮包骨頭”。一位研究北極熊多年的專家說(shuō)，從北極熊尸體的位置來(lái)看，北極熊似乎是餓死的。專家稱，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠(yuǎn)的距離才能找到食物。這一令人擔(dān)憂的案例表明，溫度的升高是如何影響地球生態(tài)的。那么是什么導(dǎo)致了全球平均地表溫度的上升呢？氣候?qū)W家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的過(guò)程，叫作“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個(gè)共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。“自然”溫室效應(yīng)是指太陽(yáng)產(chǎn)生的熱量以短波輻射的形式進(jìn)入大氣并使地球表面變暖。熱量以較長(zhǎng)的波長(zhǎng)釋放回太空。大氣層中的溫室氣體，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕獲了一些熱量，保持了地球氣候的溫暖和宜居。沒(méi)有這個(gè)過(guò)程，地球就無(wú)法維持生命。然而，“人為”的溫室效應(yīng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。當(dāng)人們通過(guò)燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生大量額外的溫室氣體時(shí)，更多的熱能被困在大氣中，導(dǎo)致地球表面溫度迅速上升。有確鑿而全面的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增多，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。氣候科學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，如果我們不采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)，這種變暖趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，并將付出更高的代價(jià)。事實(shí)上，有關(guān)極端暴雨和熱浪造成死亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的新聞報(bào)道經(jīng)常播出。溫室氣體排放量的持續(xù)增加將導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步變暖和全球氣候的長(zhǎng)期變化。這需要全世界人民的關(guān)注。各國(guó)政府需要考慮制定政策，采取適當(dāng)行動(dòng)和措施減少溫室氣體排放。我們作為個(gè)人也可以通過(guò)限制我們生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳量來(lái)減少我們的“碳足跡”。我們有責(zé)任抓住每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，教育大家認(rèn)識(shí)全球變暖及其原因和影響，因?yàn)槿蜃兣怯绊懳覀兊厍蛏纤腥说淖顕?yán)重問(wèn)題。那么你會(huì)做些什么來(lái)幫忙呢？

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Unit 3 Environmental Protection

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