重難點03 閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題-2025年高考英語（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)進行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。
分析今年高考題可知，細(xì)節(jié)理解類題呈不斷上升的趨勢，且由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。
預(yù)計2024年高考細(xì)節(jié)理解題仍舊占比7-8題。
近3年新高考細(xì)節(jié)理解數(shù)據(jù)分析
掌握技巧,靈活運用
(1)細(xì)心審題,直接就題找答案提取“帶著問題找答案”的方法,先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性尚(題眼),然后以此為線索運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速:得在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句, 仔細(xì)品味,對照比較,確定答案。
(2)變通理解,間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案
細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述,命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生,即對原句細(xì)微處做改動,摘取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進行改造,因果倒置,把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。
(3)多點歸納,綜合事實找答案
細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時考查的并不是單一的信息,而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜合”信息細(xì)節(jié)題時,一定要全面捕捉相關(guān)信息,進行綜合分析、歸納,切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地得出結(jié)論。
明確干擾,破除陷阱
(1)擴大或縮小范圍
文章為了表達準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)密,經(jīng)常通過加上相應(yīng)的詞語限制如涉及數(shù)量時常用many,almst all,nearly, mre than, ver, nly afew,nrmally等限制。有些干擾項改變或去掉限定詞語,甚至是擴大或縮小語言范圍。
(2)偷換概念
命題者設(shè)計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造成錯誤的主要原因。
(3)正誤并存
在干擾項中,某個句子或詞語是正確的,其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全面,正誤并存,命題者常會借此以假亂真。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考I卷B 篇）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.D．T test the ec-machine.
【答案】1．C 2．D
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他對結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。
典例二
（2023·新高考II卷B 篇）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
5．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker.B．She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant.D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
【答案】5．D
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動了“Urban Spruts”學(xué)?；▓@項目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的發(fā)起者。故選D。
（建議用時：8分鐘/篇）
1.（2023·江蘇·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）A vast majrity f peple usually argue that cycling can make a significant cntributin t ur wrld. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used. Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.
Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure. Researchers prpse a new apprach t generating efficient bike path netwrks. This cnsiders demand distributin and the rute ptin f cyclists based n preferences fr secure utings. Typically, minimizing the travel distance is far frm the slely gal. Aspects such as attractiveness f a rute are als taken int accunt.
Under real cnditins, a bike path netwrk is created by cnstantly adding bike paths t mre streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage. Each stage f it crrespnds t a variant that culd be carried ut with less financial supprt.
“We illustrate the applicability f this demand-driven planning fr crwded urban areas f Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christph Steinacker. “We are appraching a real-life issue here using the theretic tlbx f netwrk dynamics and cmpare efficient bike path netwrks under different cnditins.”
1．Why d peple rarely cycle?
A．They think f cycling as inefficient.B．They usually take lng-distance trips.
C．They’re cncerned abut the security.D．They’re unable t find special bike rads.
2．What is a challenge fr gd bike path netwrks?
A．Tight budgets.B．Cmplex rutes.
C．Maximized travel distance.D．Decreasing cycling demand.
3．What can be learned abut the planning put frward by researchers?
A．It will be updated nce in a while.B．It is cntrary t the real-life design.
C．It ensures every street has a bike path.D．It serves as a mdel fr ther districts.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Gd Planning Gets the Bike RllingB．A gd Netwrk Benefits Mre Peple
C．Cycling Paths Change Crwded Urban AreasD．A New Cncept Cntributes t a Better Wrld
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究者通過研究如何建立發(fā)達的自行車道路網(wǎng)來提高自行車出行。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In Germany, fr instance, nly 20% f the everyday shrt-distance trips are cvered by bicycle. When enquiring abut the causes, researchers fund ne pint repeatedly tps the list: the perceived r ptential risk n the bike rutes used.(比如說，在德國，每天的短距離行程中，只有20%是騎自行車出行。當(dāng)被問及其原因時，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個一直高居榜首：騎行路線的感知風(fēng)險和潛在風(fēng)險。)”可知，很少有人選擇自行車出行是因為他們擔(dān)心感知風(fēng)險和潛在風(fēng)險的存在，擔(dān)心安全問題，故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Hwever, designing efficient bike path netwrks is a cmplex task that invlves balancing a variety f limitatins while meeting verall demand. In additin, many districts are cnfrnted with a shrtage f funds available fr imprving the infrastructure.(然而，設(shè)計高效的自行車路線網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，它包括平衡一系列限制的同時，還要滿足全面的需求。而且，很多地區(qū)面臨著提升設(shè)施的可用資金的短缺問題。)”可知，建立好的自行車道路網(wǎng)所遇到的挑戰(zhàn)是資金短缺，預(yù)算緊張的問題，故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“This time, researchers start with an ideal, cmplex netwrk, in which all streets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual prcess, they gradually remve less used bike path sectins frm this netwrk. The rute selectin f cyclists is cntinuusly updated. Thus, a series f bike path netwrks is created and is always adapted t the current usage.(這一次，研究者想出了一個理想的、復(fù)雜的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)，城市里所有街道都配備一條自行車道。在現(xiàn)實過程中，他們逐漸地從網(wǎng)絡(luò)里移除了使用較少的自行車道。騎行者對道路的選擇也在不斷更新中。因此，就創(chuàng)造出了一系列的自行車道路網(wǎng)，它也總是在適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的使用狀況。)”可推知，研究者提出的計劃道路網(wǎng)是每個城市里所有街道都配備一條自行車道，但在實際過程中，卻因為一些自行車道使用較少，而不得不逐漸減少它們，故研究者提出的計劃與實際生活中的設(shè)計截然不同，故選B。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段末句“Increasing the share f cycling trips thus depends crucially n well-develped bike paths.(因此，增加自行車出行的比例至關(guān)重要地取決于發(fā)達的自行車道。)”以及后文對如何建立發(fā)達的自行車道可知，本文主要圍繞通過建立發(fā)達的自行車道來鼓勵人們騎行，故A項“好的計劃能讓自行車運轉(zhuǎn)起來”符合文章標(biāo)題，故選A。
2.（2023·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考一模）Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假發(fā)).
Mustafa had t g thrugh painful prcedures after being diagnsed (診斷) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lst her hair after mnths f chemtherapy (化療). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,” the girl’s father said.
Cming frm a less frtunate family, Mustafa nw sits in a humble hairdresser’s in Cair, sliding her fingers thrugh her new lng hair as she lks in the mirrr with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed cnfidence is Salam, frm Egypt, wh has been persnally funding and designing free wigs fr children with cancer t give them pwer t defeat their illness.
Salam tk up his missin when he saw a viral vide n scial media f a yung cancer patient wh was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the mment when he decided t prvide free wigs t children with cancer t lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.
As part f the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements t make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles t serve different children. S far, Salam has helped ver 15 children walk ut f his shp empwered with big smiles.
Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers. “Children need the emtinal and mral supprt t g thrugh this tugh illness.” He added, “Lsing their hair drives them t withdraw int themselves ut f fear and embarrassment. I cannt help in their treatment, but I can help them get thrugh it.”
5．Why are a ty and candy mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T suggest the girl’s age.
B．T imply a serius illness.
C．T shw the shrtage f tys.
D．T highlight the value f the wig.
6．What can be learned frm the father’s wrds?
A．Hair style matters much.
B．Sprts benefit Mustafa.
C．Hair lss depressed Mustafa.
D．Mustafa’s treatment failed.
7．What led t Salam’s decisin n the missin?
A．His sympathy.
B．Family supprt.
C．Gvemment fund.
D．Mustafa’s enthusiasm.
8．What kind f persn is Salam accrding t the passage?
A．Cautius and creative.B．Inspiring and talented.
C．Caring and determined.D．Ambitius and patient.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了埃及的薩拉姆，他一直在為患有癌癥的兒童個人資助和設(shè)計免費假發(fā)，給他們戰(zhàn)勝疾病的力量，后來他決定為患癌癥的孩子們提供免費的假發(fā)，讓他們振作起來。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Five-year-ld Mustafa is smiling fr the first time in ages. She did nt receive a new ty r her favrite candy; rather, she gt a wig (假發(fā)).(五歲的穆斯塔法這么多年來第一次露出了笑容。她沒有收到新玩具或她最喜歡的糖果；相反，她得到了一頂假發(fā))”可推知，第一段提到的玩具和糖果來突出假發(fā)的價值。故選D。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“She saw children her age jumping in playgrunds and spending hurs styling their hair, while she culdn’t. Lsing her hair made her hpeless, negatively impacting her respnse t treatment,(她看到同齡的孩子在操場上蹦蹦跳跳，花上幾個小時做發(fā)型，而她卻不能。失去頭發(fā)讓她絕望，對她的治療產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響)”可知，父親的話表明，脫發(fā)使穆斯塔法很沮喪。故選C。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“許多家庭幾乎負(fù)擔(dān)不起昂貴的癌癥治療費用，更不用說昂貴的美容服務(wù)了，而美容服務(wù)可以在恢復(fù)孩子們的信心、給他們繼續(xù)治療的力量方面發(fā)揮巨大作用，”薩拉姆說)”可知，薩拉姆很同情這些孩子的遭遇，所以開始行動起來。由此推知，薩拉姆的同情促使他決定執(zhí)行這項任務(wù)。故選A。
8．推理判斷題。第四段中的““Many families can barely affrd expensive cancer treatment csts, let alne cstly csmetic (美容) services that can play a huge rle in restring children’s cnfidence and giving them strength t cntinue their treatment,” said Salam.(“許多家庭幾乎負(fù)擔(dān)不起昂貴的癌癥治療費用，更不用說昂貴的美容服務(wù)了，而美容服務(wù)可以在恢復(fù)孩子們的信心、給他們繼續(xù)治療的力量方面發(fā)揮巨大作用，”薩拉姆說)”可推知，薩拉姆很有愛心。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it des fr his yung custmers.(薩拉姆說，盡管遇到了一些挑戰(zhàn)，但制作假發(fā)給他帶來的快樂和為他的年輕顧客帶來的快樂一樣多)”可推知，薩拉姆是一個意志堅定的人。故選C。
3.（2023·浙江金華·校聯(lián)考一模）The rmantic Rhine, which flws mre than 700 miles frm Switzerland t the Nrth Sea, is ne f the mst ppular cruising(巡游) rivers in Eurpe, with many ptins available. Take a lk at things t d in Rhine River!
Amsterdam
Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh.
Neuschwanstein Castle
This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(喚起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available.
Strasburg
If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets.
Basel
Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens
9．What d Amsterdam and Strasburg have in cmmn?
A．They have histrical sites.
B．They have a relaxing French style.
C．They are hme t big shpping malls.
D．They are famus fr the picturesque scenery.
10．What might be the reasn fr Neuschwanstein Castle’s ppularity?
A．Its mysterius stry.B．Its favurable lcatin
C．Its fairytale rmance.D．Its inspiratin fr films.
11．Which stp wuld yu recmmend mst t thse wh want t experience diverse cultures?
A．AmsterdamB．Neuschwanstein Castle.
C．StrasburgD．Basel.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在萊茵河畔的四個典型城市。
9．推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Many Rhine River Cruises begin r end in Amsterdam. This city is ppular amng multiple age grups and types f travelers fr its relaxing atmsphere. Grab a bicycle and enjy an afternn f cafes, art, and histrical sites. The Anne Frank Huse is a ppular attractin in Amsterdam. Be sure t check if yur river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are cnsistently lng, thugh. (許多萊茵河游船在阿姆斯特丹開始或結(jié)束。這座城市因其輕松的氛圍而受到不同年齡層和類型的游客的歡迎。抓一輛自行車，享受一個下午的咖啡館，藝術(shù)，和歷史遺跡。安妮·弗蘭克之家是阿姆斯特丹一個受歡迎的景點。不過，一定要檢查一下你的游船能否幫你提前訂票，因為隊伍總是很長。)”和文章第四段“If yu’re lking fr a classic Eurpean cuntry twn, this is the stp fr yu Strasburg has a typical French feel, with cbblestned streets, small shps, and f curse a cathedral. Be sure t visit picturesque Petite France, the histric quarter f twn, and Rhan Palace t walk in the ftsteps f Marie Antinette, the last queen f France befre the French Revlutin. Strasburg is als a delightful place fr visit fr Christmas markets. (如果你正在尋找一個經(jīng)典的歐洲鄉(xiāng)村小鎮(zhèn)，那么斯特拉斯堡是你的不二之選。斯特拉斯堡有典型的法國風(fēng)情，鵝卵石鋪成的街道，小商店，當(dāng)然還有大教堂。一定要參觀風(fēng)景如畫的小法蘭西，歷史悠久的小鎮(zhèn)和羅漢宮，走在法國大革命前法國最后一位女王瑪麗·安托瓦內(nèi)特的腳步中。斯特拉斯堡也是參觀圣誕集市的好地方。)”可知，阿姆斯特丹和斯特拉斯堡都有歷史遺跡。故選A。
10．推理判斷題。由文章第三段“This fairytale castle is in the heart f Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the Black Frest, and cnjuring up(喚起) visins f princes and princesses, it is an extremely ppular turist attractin. It was in fact ne f the inspiratins fr Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. If yur Rhine River cruise includes a stp in Munich, there’s a gd chance that visits t Neuschwanstein will be available. (這座童話般的城堡位于德國巴伐利亞州的中心。它坐落在黑森林里，讓人聯(lián)想到王子和公主，是一個非常受歡迎的旅游景點。事實上，它是華特·迪斯尼睡美人城堡的靈感來源之一。如果你的萊茵河游輪在慕尼黑有一站，那么你很有可能可以參觀新天鵝堡。)”可知，新天鵝堡受歡迎的原因可能是因為它是童話般的城堡。故選C。
11．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Sharing three internatinal brders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating cmbinatin f cultures, cuisines, and languages. Yu can enjy several wnderful histric sights in Basel, within a shrt distance frm each ther, and dn’t miss a walk thrugh the Btanical Gardens (巴塞爾共有三個國際邊界：瑞士、德國和法國，展現(xiàn)了文化、美食和語言的迷人結(jié)合。您可以在巴塞爾欣賞幾處美妙的歷史景點，彼此相距不遠(yuǎn)，也不要錯過植物園的漫步)”可知，這里有不同的文化。故選D。
4.（2023·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考一模）In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九點謎題). He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束縛) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts.
The fact that 80 percent f the participants were effectively blinded by the bundaries f the square led Guilfrd t jump t the sweeping cnclusin that creativity requires yu t g utside the bx. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment.
Bth teams fllwed the same way f dividing participants int tw grups. The first grup was given the same instructins as the participants in Guilfrd’s experiment. The secnd grup was tld that the slutin required the lines t be drawn utside the imaginary bx. Guess what? Only 25 percent slved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent imprvement is insignificant as this culd be called sampling errr.
Let’s lk a little mre clsely at the surprising result. Slving this prblem requires peple t literally think utside the bx. Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity. After all, with ne simple yet brilliant experiment, researchers had prven that the cnceptual link between thinking utside the bx and creativity was a misunderstanding.
12．What did the nine-dt puzzle study fcus n?
A．Visual perceptin.
B．Thinking patterns.
C．Practical experience.
D．Theretical knwledge.
13．Why did the tw research teams run the fllw-up experiment?
A．T test the catchy cncept.
B．T cntradict the initial idea.
C．T cllect supprting evidence
D．T identify the underlying lgic.
14．Which f the fllwing best describes the fllw-up experiment?
A．Grundless.B．Inspiring.C．Fruitless.D．Revealing.
15．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Puzzle Slving: A Key T Creativity
B．Thinking Outside the Bx: A Misguided Idea
C．Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test
D．Creative Thinking: We Fell Fr The Trap
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了20世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉爾福德的心理學(xué)家進行了一項著名的關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”, 這讓吉爾福德得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造力需要你跳出框框。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“He challenged research subjects t cnnect all nine dts using just fur straight lines withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants limited the pssible slutins t thse within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the cnfinement (束縛) and cntinue their lines in the white space surrunding the dts. (他要求研究對象在不把鉛筆從紙上拿起來的情況下，用四條直線把九個點連起來。所有的參與者都將可能的解決方案限制在虛方范圍內(nèi)。只有20%的人成功地打破了限制，在圓點周圍的白色空間里繼續(xù)他們的線條)”可推知，九點謎題研究的重點是思維模式。故選B。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The cncept enjyed such strng ppularity that n ne bthered t check the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg-ran anther experiment. (一夜之間，各地的創(chuàng)造力專家似乎都在教管理者如何跳出固有思維。這個概念非常受歡迎，以至于沒有人費心去核實事實。在兩個不同的研究小組——克拉克·伯納姆和肯尼斯·戴維斯以及約瑟夫·阿爾巴和羅伯特·維斯伯格——進行另一個實驗之前，沒有人做過另一個實驗)”可推知，兩個研究小組進行了后續(xù)實驗來測試這個吸引人的概念。故選A。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Yet participants’ perfrmance was nt imprved even when they were given specific instructins t d s. That is, direct and clear instructins t think utside the bx did nt help. That this advice is useless shuld effectively have killed ff the much widely spread — and therefre, much mre dangerus — metaphr (比喻) that ut-f-the-bx thinking bsts creativity.(然而，即使給了參與者明確的指示，他們的表現(xiàn)也沒有得到改善。也就是說，直接而明確的跳出思維定式的指示并沒有幫助。這個建議是無用的，這應(yīng)該有效地扼殺了廣泛傳播的——因此，更危險的——開箱即用思維促進創(chuàng)造力的比喻。畢竟，通過一個簡單而出色的實驗，研究人員已經(jīng)證明，打破常規(guī)思考和創(chuàng)造力之間的概念聯(lián)系是一種誤解)”可推知，后續(xù)的實驗很有啟示意義。故選D。
15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In 1970s, a psychlgist named J. P. Guilfrd cnducted a famus study f creativity knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九點謎題). (20世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉爾福德的心理學(xué)家進行了一項著名的關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”)”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫J. P.吉爾福德的心理學(xué)家進行了一項著名的關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”, 這讓吉爾福德得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論:創(chuàng)造力需要你跳出框框。由此可知，Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test(九點謎題：一個神奇的測試)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。
5.（2023·浙江寧波·統(tǒng)考一模）When driving, Clara-Marina Martinez takes dwn any unusual behaviur she sees n the rad. She then feeds these int machine-learning algrithms (算法), a frm f AI, which are intended t prduce a system reliable enugh fr a car t drive itself withut any disturbance frm the driver, and cpe with all situatins n the rad. But this prving hard t achieve, carmakers chse t scale back many attempts t d s. Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.
Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.
Carmakers such as Prsche therefre accelerate the develpment prcess using simulatrs (模擬器). These teach sftware abut danger nly rarely encuntered in reality. Dr Martinez and her clleagues emply “game engines”, the prgrams that generate pht realistic images in cmputer games, t d this. These are used t create virtual wrlds thrugh which the sftware can drive.
Hw quickly, if ever, all this will translate int reality remains t be seen. Bth regulatrs and custmers will need t vercme dubt that a sftware driver really can be safer than human. Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?
16．What d the underlined wrds “scale back” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．MakeB．Overlk.C．Encurage.D．Reduce.
17．The learning prcess f autnmus vehicles’ safe driving can be described as___________.
A．time-cnsumingB．fast-pacedC．thught-prvkingD．well-designed
18．What challenge d autnmus vehicles bring t Prsche?
A．Ensuring the pleasure f drivingB．Making their sprts cars affrdable.
C．Remving public dubts abut safety.D．Integrating game engines int their vehicles.
19．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Prsche: Sprts Cars at RiskB．Self-driving Cars: Still Sme Way t G
C．Simulatrs: The Cre f Autnmus VehiclesD．Machine Learning Algrithms: The Arrival f Al
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．A 19．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述開發(fā)自動駕駛汽車的問題以及對跑車市場的影響。
16．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Last year, fr instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sld ff its unit develping self-driving cars at a lw price.(例如，去年，叫車服務(wù)公司優(yōu)步（Uber）低價出售了開發(fā)自動駕駛汽車的部門)”可知，后文低價出售自動駕駛汽車的部門的例子說明汽車制造商選擇減少許多這樣做的嘗試。故劃線詞意思是“減少”。故選D。
17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(據(jù)美國智庫蘭德公司(RAND Crpratin)計算，要開發(fā)一個比人類駕駛員安全20%的系統(tǒng)，100輛自動駕駛汽車的車隊必須一年365天，每天24小時運行，行駛140億公里。按照平均道路速度，這需要大約400年的時間)”可知，自動駕駛汽車安全駕駛的學(xué)習(xí)過程是非常耗時的。故選A。
18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Frm Prsche’s pint f view, thugh, there is ne ther relevant questin. Given that much f the reasn fr wning a sprts car is fr wners t shw ff what they regard as their driving skills, just hw big a market will there be fr a versin where sftware takes thse basting rights away?(不過，從保時捷的角度來看，還有一個相關(guān)的問題。考慮到擁有跑車的主要原因是為了炫耀他們認(rèn)為自己的駕駛技術(shù)，那么一個軟件奪走了這些炫耀權(quán)利的版本會有多大的市場？)”可知，自動駕駛汽車在確保駕駛的樂趣方面會給保時捷帶來挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。
19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Autnmus vehicles are basted as being nt just cnvenient but ptentially safer. Hwever, just as peple take time t learn hw t drive safely, machines are n exceptin. The RAND Crpratin, an American think-tank, calculates that t develp a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet f 100 self-driving cars wuld have t perate 24 hurs a day, 365 days a year, and cver 14 billin kilmetres. At average rad speeds, that wuld take abut 400 years.(自動駕駛汽車被吹噓為不僅方便，而且可能更安全。然而，就像人們花時間學(xué)習(xí)如何安全駕駛一樣，機器也不例外。據(jù)美國智庫蘭德公司(RAND Crpratin)計算，要開發(fā)一個比人類駕駛員安全20%的系統(tǒng)，100輛自動駕駛汽車的車隊必須一年365天，每天24小時運行，行駛140億公里。按照平均道路速度，這需要大約400年的時間)”結(jié)合文章主要講述開發(fā)自動駕駛汽車的問題以及對跑車市場的影響?？芍?，B選項“自動駕駛汽車：仍有一段路要走”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
6.（2023·浙江金華·校聯(lián)考一模）I ask every student I interview fr admissin t my institutin, Pitzer Cllege, the same questin, “What d yu lk frward t the mst in cllege?” I was astnished and delighted recently when a student replied, “I lk frward t the pssibility f failure.” Of curse, this is nt hw mst students respnd t the questin when sitting befre the persn wh can make decisins abut their academic futures, but this yung man tk a risk.
“Yu see, my parents have never let me fail,” he said. “When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin.”
I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied: “I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!”
Students are usually in shck when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfectin. Of curse, this ges against everything they’ve been tld. Hw culd a dean (院長) f admissin at ne f America’s mst selective institutins nt want the best and the brightest? The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings.
We get the mst excited when we read an applicatin that seems real. It’s s rare t hear stries f defeat. If their perspectives are f lessns learned, these applicants tend t jump t the tp at highly selective clleges. We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever.
20．What can we learn abut the student in the first tw paragraphs?
A．He is taught nt t take risks.
B．He tries t avid any chance f failure.
C．He cares little abut his academic futures
D．He is seldm allwed t take part in activities.
21．Why des the authr mentin the Chinese student in paragraph 3?
A．T emphasize the imprtance f hard wrk.
B．T cmpare students frm different cuntries.
C．T give an example f the students he favrs.
D．T illustrate the widespread stress n students
22．What is prbably admissin fficers’ attitude twards a perfect applicatin?
A．Dubtful.B．Cnfused.C．Favrable.D．Casual.
23．What is the key t success in cllege accrding t the authr?
A．A desire fr perfectin
B．The ability t learn frm defeats.
C．The pprtunity f making mistakes.
D．An experience f defeat in high schl
【答案】20．A 21．D 22．A 23．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了作者是大學(xué)的面試官，但是從不會期待學(xué)生做得過于完美，因為作者認(rèn)為有失敗經(jīng)歷的申請才是真實的，學(xué)生也應(yīng)該從失敗中獲益。
20．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“When I want t take a chance at smething, they remind me it’s nt a safe rute t take. Taking a mre demanding curse r trying an activity I may nt succeed in, they tell me, will ruin my chances at cllege admissin. (當(dāng)我想嘗試某事時，他們會提醒我這不是一條安全的路。他們告訴我，選一門難度更高的課程或嘗試一項我可能不會成功的活動，會毀掉我被大學(xué)錄取的機會。)”可知，這個學(xué)生被父母教導(dǎo)不要冒險。故選A。
21．推理判斷題。由文章第三段“I wish I culd tell yu this is an uncmmn stry, but kids all ver the wrld admit they are under great pressure t be perfect. When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did fr fun, she replied:“ I thught I wasn’t suppsed t tell yu that? I wuldn’t want yu t think I am nt serius abut my wrk!” (我希望我能告訴你，這是一個不同尋常的故事，但世界各地的孩子都承認(rèn)，他們面臨著巨大的壓力，要做到完美。去年秋天，當(dāng)我在中國旅行時，問一位中國學(xué)生她做了什么好玩的事，她回答說：“我以為我不應(yīng)該告訴你？我不想讓你認(rèn)為我對工作不認(rèn)真！”)”可知，作者在第3段提到中國學(xué)生是想說明學(xué)生普遍承受的壓力。故選D。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中“The reality is, perfectin desn’t exist, and we dn’t expect t see it in a cllege applicatin. In fact, admissin fficers tend t questin students wh present themselves as individuals withut shrtcmings. (現(xiàn)實是，完美是不存在的，我們也不指望在大學(xué)申請中看到完美。事實上，招生官往往會質(zhì)疑那些表現(xiàn)得沒有缺點的學(xué)生。)”可知，招生官對一份完美的申請可能往往會質(zhì)疑。故選A。
23．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“We believe an errr in high schl shuld nt define the rest f yur life, but hw yu respnd culd shape yu frever. (我們相信，高中時的一個錯誤不應(yīng)該決定你的余生，但你的應(yīng)對方式可能會永遠(yuǎn)影響你。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，在大學(xué)里取得成功的關(guān)鍵是從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。故選B。
7.（2023·廣東佛山·佛山一中?？级＃￤hen yu were at schl, were yu ever tld t stp daydreaming and cncentrate? It was easy fr yur mind t wander if yu weren’t interested in what yu were learning r if yu had better things t think abut. Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.
Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne. One f the mst bvius things is eliminating nise. Research by Science Fcus magazine fund silence is the best fr cncentratin, r a gentle backgrund hum and cffee shp nise is great! It als fund turning ff ntificatins n yur phne, r switching it ff altgether, remves a majr distractin and helps us fcus n the task at hand.
Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate. An article fr BBC Future by Carline Williams says that “Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.
There are mre practical tips t keeping yur mind fcused. These include making a list r timetable f the tasks yu have t d, finding a wrkspace where yu’re nt tempted t d ther things, r chewing sme gum! It’s pssible the mvement in yur muth ccupies parts f the brain that might therwise get distracted.
But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never g distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”
24．Which f the fllwing is similar t the underlined phrase in paragrapb 2?
A．Cncerned.B．Enthusiastic.C．Calm.D．Absrbed.
25．Why des the authr suggest keeping ur mind busy?
A．T intrduce a mental recvery.
B．T explain the cause f distractin.
C．T recmmend a kind f intelligence training.
D．T suggest a way t train the brain t cncentrate.
26．What is Science Fcus magazine’s attitude t distractin?
A．Cntradictry.B．All-sided.C．Dubtful.D．Puzzling.
27．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw t Stay FcusedB．The Harm f Distractin
C．The Research abut DistractinD．The Benefits f Keeping Fcused
【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了成年人容易分心，對此科學(xué)家研究了導(dǎo)致分心的原因并給出了一些有助于保持專注的方法。
24．詞句猜測題。第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持專注仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)，但了解如何做到這一點，知道是什么讓你分心，會有所幫助。)”提出問題：成年人容易分心，無法專注，而畫線詞所以在句“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay...(科學(xué)家們研究了導(dǎo)致我們拖延的原因，并找到了一些方法幫助我們……)”告訴我們，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了原因，并給出一些幫助我們stay in the zne的方法。由此推知，in the zne即第一段中所說的“專注”，與D選項absrbed“全神貫注的”意思相近。故選D。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anther pssible cure fr a shrt attentin span is brain training. Psychlgists and neurscientists are increasingly interested in ur ability t settle dwn and have lked at what we can change inside ur head t make us cncentrate.(另一種治療注意力持續(xù)時間短的方法是大腦訓(xùn)練。心理學(xué)家和神經(jīng)科學(xué)家對我們安定下來的能力越來越感興趣，并研究了我們可以改變大腦內(nèi)部的什么來讓我們集中注意力。)”和““Attentin Researcher Nilli Lavie f University Cllege Lndn has fund that making a task mre visually demanding takes up mre prcessing pwer and leaves the brain nthing left t prcess distractins.” S, keeping yur mind busy might be the answer.(“倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的注意力研究員Nilli Lavie發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓一項任務(wù)對視覺的要求更高，會消耗更多的處理能力，讓大腦無法處理分心的事情?！彼?，讓你的大腦忙碌起來可能是答案。)”可推知，作者建議讓我們的大腦保持忙碌是在提出一種訓(xùn)練大腦集中注意力的方法。故選D。
26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But accrding t Science Fcus magazine, distractin isn’t all bad. “If we were always s fcused that we never gt distracted, we’d miss ptential changes, such as threats, in ur envirnment. Distractin is vital fr survival.”(但根據(jù)《科學(xué)焦點》雜志，分心也不全是壞事。“如果我們總是如此專注，從不分心，我們就會錯過環(huán)境中的潛在變化，比如威脅。分散注意力對生存至關(guān)重要。”)”可推知，《科學(xué)焦點》雜志對“分心”的態(tài)度是客觀全面的。故選B。
27．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“Staying fcused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding hw t d it, and knwing what is distracting yu, can help.(在成年人的生活中，保持專注仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)，但了解如何做到這一點，知道是什么讓你分心，會有所幫助)”和第二段中“Scientists have lked at what makes us delay and fund a number f ways t help us stay in the zne.(科學(xué)家們研究了導(dǎo)致我們分心的原因，并找到了一些幫助我們保持狀態(tài)的方法)”可知，文章主要說明了成年人容易分心，對此科學(xué)家研究了導(dǎo)致分心的原因并給出了一些有助于保持專注的方法。所以，A項“Hw t stay fcused (如何保持專注)”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。
8.（2023·湖北襄陽·襄陽四中校考模擬預(yù)測）Fr years, I rejected this part f myself, until I realized what I was missing.
I used t be prud f my suthern rigin. My wn vice reflected my family’s past and present, all suthern. While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.
The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a “nrmal” white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it. Every time I was asked where I was frm, I wuld say “near Memphis” r make an ambiguus statement abut my cuntry backgrund.
Nw I’m living in a big city with a respectable jb dwntwn. Every step I walk frm the train statin t the ffice seems victrius. Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it. Occasinally my ld self escapes frm my lips when encuraged by an extra glass f whiskey, but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm. Then gradually I’ve becme kind f hmesick that leads me t put n the ld Highwmen recrd and dance arund, singing with all the accent s I’ve gt left.
My grandmther used t tell me, “Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?” Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back. I’m still searching fr what it means t be suthern, but nw I’m ding it with all the “y’alls”, and “ain’ts” I’ve kept back fr s lng.
28．Why did the authr decide t get rid f her suthern accent?
A．Because she hated the suthern rural life.B．Because it reflected her shameful past.
C．Because it made her laughed at by thers.D．Because she was misled by prejudice.
29．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．The authr learnt the language well.B．The authr managed t rebuild her accent.
C．The authr made a white upper class girl.D．The authr finally succeeded in big cities.
30．What cntributed mst t the authr’s return t her suthern accent?
A．Her grandmther’s wrds.B．Her hmesickness.
C．Her bredm f pretending.D．Her ver-drinking.
31．What message des the passage want t cnvey?
A．Everyne has his dark secret.B．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
C．There’s always a silver lining in the clud.D．Yu shuld never cmprmise wh yu are.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者因為別人的偏見以及追求更好的生活改變自己的南方口音，但后來才意識到這樣做抹殺了自己身份的一部分，決定找回自己的南方口音。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“While grwing up, I began t realize utside f ur regin, sutherners were ften dismissed as uncultured and uneducated, ignrant and narrw-minded. In that awkward stage between teenager and adult, my accent was a symbl f everything I hated abut my life in the rural Suth.(在成長過程中，我開始意識到，在我們的地區(qū)之外，南方人經(jīng)常被視為沒有文化、沒有受過教育、無知和心胸狹窄。在青少年和成年人之間的尷尬階段，我的口音象征著我討厭的南方農(nóng)村生活的一切)”可知，作者被別人對南方人的偏見誤導(dǎo)，決定改掉自己的南方口音，故選D。
29．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“The prcess f getting rid f my accent began in high schl with Gilmre Girls. After each episde, I’d stand befre a mirrr, practicing the characters’ lines in an effrt t speak like a ‘nrmal’ white upper-middle-class girl. Eventually, I was successful at breaking dwn my tngue and rebuilding it.(擺脫口音的過程始于高中的Gilmre Girls。每集結(jié)束后，我都會站在鏡子前，練習(xí)角色的臺詞，努力讓自己說話像一個‘正常’的白人中上層女孩。最終，我成功地打破了我的說話方式并重建了起來)”可知，本段主要講述作者花費很大力氣去模仿Gilmre Girls劇中角色的臺詞，最后成功改掉了自己的南方口音，故選B。
30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hwever, I’ve been pretending and I’m fed up with it.(然而，我一直在假裝，我受夠了)”可知，作者受夠了一直假裝，決定找回自己的南方口音，故選C。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“but I uncnsciusly g back t the safety f the unaccented minutes later, making me feel as if I’m a fraud — a girl wh frgets where she cmes frm.(這讓我覺得自己好像是個騙子——一個忘記自己來自哪里的女孩)”和最后一段中“My grandmther used t tell me, ‘Girl, dn’t yu frget where yu cme frm?’ Memries are fading by time but this ne has remained impressed n my mind. S, I decide t mve back.(我的祖母曾經(jīng)對我說：‘女孩，你不要忘記你來自哪里嗎？’記憶隨著時間的流逝而褪色，但這一件事卻深深地印在我的腦海里。所以，我決定回來)”可知，文章主要講述作者因為別人的偏見以及追求更好的生活改變自己的口音，但后來才意識到這樣做抹殺了自己身份的一部分，決定找回自己的南方口音，所以本文想要傳達的是“永遠(yuǎn)不要妥協(xié)，做真實的自己”，故選D。
9.（2023·山東·德州市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Damn Carsn calls himself a matchmaker (媒人) f the never-ending waste f American sciety, trying nt t pair peple with peple, but things with peple.
In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.
Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.
Carsn, a husband and father f three adult children, is far frm wasteful. Frugal is hw he describes himself. The clthes he’s wearing all came frm a charity shp; his truck was bught with 290, 000 kilmeters driven.
“Why break smething dwn, why melt smething dwn, if it still has value?” he asks. An ld il-field pipe might be melted dwn and turned int a car bumper, but it still takes an amunt f pwer t finish the cmplete change. Why nt leave it as a steel pipe? Why nt turn it int a fence pst n a farm? The nly cst is transprt.
American industrial facilities create and thrw abut 7.6 billin tns f unwanted industrial materials every year. Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.
32．What is paragraph tw mainly abut?
A．Carsn’s schl lessns.
B．Carsn’s jurney t Clrad.
C．The start f Carsn’s business.
D．The serius waste f materials.
33．What is Repurpsed Materials aimed at?
A．Marketing wastes t peple in need.
B．Breaking dwn the wasted gds.
C．Manufacturing industrial prducts.
D．Recycling the thrwn-away stuffs.
34．Hw des Carsn describe his life?
A．Ecnmical.B．Petic.C．Tugh.D．Risky.
35．What can we learn frm Carsn?
A．Well began, half dne.
B．Innvative thinking cunts.
C．One is never t ld t learn.
D．Hard wrk will pay back.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．A 35．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，·文章講述了達蒙卡森經(jīng)營公司，為一些被廢棄的垃圾尋找新的歸宿，不需再次浪費能源回收，保護環(huán)境的故事。
32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“In the late 1990s, Carsn was n break frm business schl in Vail, Clrad, when he discvered the vast wrld f waste. He began thinking abut creating a secndhand stre that wuld sell ld materials and keep them ut f being wasted. As a result, in 2010, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials appeared.(上世紀(jì)90年代末，Clrad在科羅拉多州韋爾的商學(xué)院休學(xué)期間，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個巨大的廢物世界。他開始考慮開一家二手店，出售舊材料，防止它們被浪費。結(jié)果，在2010年，他的公司Repurpsed Materials出現(xiàn)了)”可知，本段主要講述Carsn的生意是如何創(chuàng)辦的，故選C。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年來，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并沒有尋求回收他得到的垃圾——將其分解成新的東西——而是為那些被丟棄的物品以原本的樣子尋找新的歸宿)”可知，Repurpsed Materials的目標(biāo)是將廢品賣給有需要的人，故選A。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Frugal is hw he describes himself.(節(jié)儉是他對自己的描述)”可知，Carsn用節(jié)儉描述自己的生活，故選A。
35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Fr nearly ten years, his cmpany, Repurpsed Materials, has nt been lking t recycle the waste he gets — breaking it dwn t make smething new — but rather finding new hmes fr thrwn-away gds in their riginal frms.(近十年來，他的公司Repurpsed Materials并沒有尋求回收他得到的垃圾——將其分解成新的東西——而是為那些被丟棄的物品以原本的樣子尋找新的歸宿)”和最后一段中“Fr the mment, Carsn’s unique business finds new lives fr millins f kilgrams f industrial waste every year.(目前，Carsn的獨特業(yè)務(wù)每年為數(shù)百萬公斤的工業(yè)廢物找到新的生命)”可知，Carsn的公司并沒有將回收的垃圾分解成新的東西，而是為那些被丟棄的物品以原本的樣子尋找新的歸宿，這項獨特業(yè)務(wù)每年為數(shù)百萬公斤的工業(yè)廢物找到新的生命，由此可推知“創(chuàng)新思維很重要”，故選B。
10.（2023·山東·德州市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
36．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
37．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
38．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
39．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】36．D 37．D 38．A 39．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是體驗性欣賞的好處以及我們要活在當(dāng)下，欣賞生活中的美。
36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，一個有意義的存在歸結(jié)為三個因素：一個人的生命的連貫性，擁有明確的長期目標(biāo)，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我們認(rèn)為還有另一個因素需要考慮。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我們稱這種元素為體驗性欣賞，一種在事件發(fā)生時發(fā)現(xiàn)和欣賞生活內(nèi)在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就發(fā)生在當(dāng)下。我們應(yīng)該慢下來，讓生活給我們驚喜，擁抱每一天的意義。)”可知，作者對有意義的生活的信念是享受當(dāng)下的生活之美。故選D。
37．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我們的研究結(jié)果顯示，越多的人表示他們“欣賞生活”，他們就越覺得自己的存在有價值。在隨后的實驗中，我們通過要求參與者觀看令人敬畏的視頻進一步探索了這一現(xiàn)象，他們也報告說，與那些觀看更中性視頻的人相比，他們在這些時刻有更大的體驗感激感和生活意義。)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是體驗式欣賞背后的邏輯。故選D。
38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我們現(xiàn)代、快節(jié)奏、以項目為導(dǎo)向的生活方式讓每一天都充滿了目標(biāo)。我們忙得不可開交，試圖使我們的產(chǎn)出最大化。這使得我們很容易忽略正在發(fā)生的事情。)”可知，我們快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活方式使感受更有意義的生活有了挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。
39．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我們稱這種元素為體驗性欣賞，一種在事件發(fā)生時發(fā)現(xiàn)和欣賞生活內(nèi)在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就發(fā)生在當(dāng)下。我們應(yīng)該慢下來，讓生活給我們驚喜，擁抱每一天的意義。)”可知，本文主要講的是體驗性欣賞的好處以及我們要活在當(dāng)下，欣賞生活中的美，因此最好的題目是B選項“Living in the mment.(活在當(dāng)下。)”。故選B。
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