高考閱讀理解對文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行命題，旨在考查考生通過對原文快速瀏覽正確獲取語篇的大意，并對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落、中心思想加以歸納理解以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在閱讀短文時，能夠提煉文章的中心情節(jié)，體會作者的主要意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、中心論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。
預(yù)計2024年高考主旨大意題仍舊占比0-1題。
近3年新高考主旨大意題數(shù)據(jù)分析
規(guī)律方法1： 如何精確歸納標(biāo)題？
1、利用主題段來概括標(biāo)題
主題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來說第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結(jié)文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句話或一個短語——文章的標(biāo)題。
2、利用主題句來概括標(biāo)題
解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對主題句進(jìn)行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標(biāo)題。
做此類題時，要避免以下三種錯誤：
(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；
(2)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)；
(3)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代文章大意。
規(guī)律方法2：如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意題時，有效的方法就是辨認(rèn)主題句。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)，文章的中心思想往往是每段主題句的綜合。若文章無主題句，這就需要我們依據(jù)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)、觀點(diǎn)去進(jìn)行分析、推斷和歸納，從而概括出文章大意。
2. 在選擇答案時，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾項逐個排除。
規(guī)律方法3：如何總結(jié)段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句。0

典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考卷II B篇）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
8．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Rescuing Schl GardensB．Experiencing Cuntry Life
C．Grwing Vegetable LversD．Changing Lcal Landscape
【答案】 8．C
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學(xué)校啟動了“Urban Spruts”學(xué)?；▓@項目。該項目旨在幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)科學(xué)技能、環(huán)保意識和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens.(一些學(xué)生對園藝非常感興趣，于是他們把種子帶回家，開始種自己的菜園)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Abby Jaramill等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花園項目，讓學(xué)生種植蔬菜，對學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷C項“蔬菜種植愛好者”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C。
典例二
（2023·新高考卷I D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
9．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin.B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple’s errrs.D．The design f Galtn’s experiment.
【答案】9．B
9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時，它們會相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計的準(zhǔn)確性就會下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計，討論了獨(dú)立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。
（建議用時：10分鐘/篇）
1. （2023·山東·統(tǒng)考二模）A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).
Scial islatin has been assciated with the risks fr heart disease and the decline f recgnitin abilities in senirs and the pandemic (疫情) increased the risks due t the need fr senirs t stay hme and islate, accrding t a press release frm the university.
The researchers investigated the ptential benefits f weekly virtual visits fr a three-mnth perid. The participants were peple aged 65 and lder wh lived in Mntreal. Half f the participants tk part in nline visits and a discussin afterwards, while the cntrl grup did nt participate in any cultural events at all. The grup wh participated in the virtual visits shwed imprvements in their quality f life. “Our study shwed that art-based activities may be an effective interventin (干預(yù)),” lead authr Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a prfessr at the University f Mntreal, said in the press release. “On a glbal scale, this participatry art-based activity culd becme a mdel that culd be ffered in museums and arts institutins wrldwide t prmte active and healthy aging.”
The prpsal reflects appraches recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin t manage certain diseases, accrding t Beauchet. Fr instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Prgram in 2015 that included using cmmunity-based rganizatins t prmte culture as a key cmpnent (成分) f imprving health. Traditinally, these srts f preventive health activities have taken place in schls, cmmunity centers, and wrkplaces. “While these are suitable lcatins that reach a great number f peple, there are additinal rganizatins and sectrs that culd becme partners in public health research and practice develpment,” Beauchet said. “Museums are amng such ptential partners. They are aware f the needs f their cmmunities and are cnsequently expanding the types f activities they ffer.”
1．Hw d senirs benefit frm regular virtual visits t museums?
A．They get survival skills.B．They raise interest in art.
C．They imprve quality f life.D．They cnnect mre with family.
2．What can be inferred frm Beauchet’s wrds in Paragraph 3?
A．Participants cme frm the whle wrld.
B．The museum needs better cultural events.
C．Face-t-face discussin is a useful interventin.
D．Senirs shuld attend mre art-based activities.
3．What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T advcate.B．T criticize.C．T expse.D．T warn.
4．Which may be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Aged Frm a Cmmunity t Reduce Lneliness.
B．Online Museum Trips Imprve Senirs’ Well-being.
C．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring Peple Tgether.
D．Retired Individuals Pay Mre Visits t Museums.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了蒙特利爾大學(xué)和蒙特利爾美術(shù)博物館發(fā)表在《醫(yī)學(xué)前沿》上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，定期虛擬參觀博物館可以幫助老年人保持精神活躍，并帶來許多額外的健康益處。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).(蒙特利爾大學(xué)和蒙特利爾美術(shù)博物館發(fā)表在《醫(yī)學(xué)前沿》上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，定期虛擬參觀博物館可以幫助老年人保持精神活躍，并帶來許多額外的健康益處。這是因為這些數(shù)字連接可以讓退休人員感到不那么孤獨(dú)和孤立)”可知，定期虛擬參觀博物館，老年人提高了生活質(zhì)量。故選C項。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Our study shwed that art-based activities may be an effective interventin,” lead authr Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a prfessr at the University f Mntreal, said in the press release. “On a glbal scale, this participatry art-based activity culd becme a mdel that culd be ffered in museums and arts institutins wrldwide t prmte active and healthy aging.”(“我們的研究表明，以藝術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的活動可能是一種有效的干預(yù)措施，” 蒙特利爾大學(xué)教授、該研究的主要作者奧利維爾·博切特博士在新聞發(fā)布會中說?！霸谌蚍秶鷥?nèi)，這種以藝術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的參與性活動可以成為世界各地博物館和藝術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)提供的一種模式，以促進(jìn)積極健康的老齡化?！?”可知，根據(jù)博切特所說，老年人應(yīng)該多參加以藝術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的活動。故選D項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The prpsal reflects appraches recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin t manage certain diseases, accrding t Beauchet. Fr instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Prgram in 2015 that included using cmmunity-based rganizatins t prmte culture as a key cmpnent (成分) f imprving health.(博切特表示，該提案反映了世界衛(wèi)生組織建議的管理某些疾病的方法。例如，世界衛(wèi)生組織于2015年啟動了老齡化與健康計劃，其中包括利用社區(qū)組織促進(jìn)文化，將其作為改善健康的關(guān)鍵組成部分)”可推知，最后一段的目的是為了提倡老齡化與健康規(guī)劃。故選A項。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).(蒙特利爾大學(xué)和蒙特利爾美術(shù)博物館發(fā)表在《醫(yī)學(xué)前沿》上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，定期虛擬參觀博物館可以幫助老年人保持精神活躍，并帶來許多額外的健康益處。這是因為這些數(shù)字連接可以讓退休人員感到不那么孤獨(dú)和孤立)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了定期虛擬參觀博物館可以幫助老年人保持精神活躍，并帶來許多額外的健康益處，所以“網(wǎng)上博物館之旅改善老年人的健康”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項。
2.（2023·江蘇·江蘇省天一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）In a mdern sciety, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is cmmnly referred t as a “sharing ecnmy”. If “shared grannies” sunds new, that is because it is a new idea in Chinese sciety.
A team f elderly wmen wh serve as “shared grannies”, in Shipingcun Cmmunity, Chngqing recently received praise nline. They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.
The team has nine wmen in their 60s r 70s, mst f whm live alne. They vlunteer t lk after mre than 20 students frm Yangshilu Primary Schl.
The cmmunity, with 6,500 husehlds, has mre than 20000peplef whm mre than 5,000 are aged 60 r lder. And there are many wrking parents unable t pick up their children frm schl, and many f thse parents d nt have anyne t pick up their children. S they are in badly need f help.
On the ther hand, many elderly wmen in the cmmunity are nt ready t settle int retired(退休的)life, and they are eager t cntinue t d smething fr their cmmunity. S the “shared grannies” prgram was set up in April.
Deng Lihng, 66, vlunteered t be a “shared granny”. “Althugh we are ld, we shuld still d smething gd fr ur cuntry. Children are the future f ur cuntry. I feel yung and pleasant with the children, and my retired life is meaningful,” she says.
Cui Jingqin, a self-emplyed labrer, has relied n the “shared grannies” since the prgram began. “My sn lves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care f ur children after schl,” she says.
Peng Mei, secretary f the Party Cmmittee f Shipingcun Cmmunity, says that in additin t ‘shared grannies’ they als call n cllege students t serve as vlunteers, buy mre bks and rganize mre activities fr children.
5．Which f the fllwing is the task f “shared grannies”?
A．Sending children t schl.B．Helping d the husewrk.
C．Organizing sme activities.D．Lking after children after schl.
6．Which wrd can best describe “shared grannies”?
A．Financially difficult.B．Beneficial.
C．Educated.D．Open-minded.
7．Why did the authr mentin “Cui Jingqin”?
A．T shw children largely rely n this prgram.
B．T shw wmen with children live a hard life.
C．T shw parents are satisfied with this prgram.
D．T shw wmen play an imprtant part in sciety.
8．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．A New Glbal TrendB．A New Kind f Sharing
C．Children and Their GrandmasD．The Cmeback f Shared Grandma
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國社會的一個新概念“共享奶奶”，這些“共享奶奶”幫助社區(qū)里面沒有人照顧孩子的家庭，幫助他們在放學(xué)后照顧孩子。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.(她們幫助上班的父母接孩子放學(xué)，幫助孩子做作業(yè)，帶孩子參加各種各樣的活動。)”可知，“共享奶奶”會在放學(xué)后照顧沒有人照顧的孩子們。故選D。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.(她們幫助上班的父母接孩子放學(xué)，幫助孩子做作業(yè)，帶孩子參加各種各樣的活動。)”可知，這些“共享奶奶”會在放學(xué)后照顧沒有人照顧的孩子們，因此她們是樂于助人的，是“有益的”。故選B。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中““My sn lves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care f ur children after schl,” she says.(她說：“我兒子很喜歡這些奶奶，我很高興‘共享奶奶’能在放學(xué)后照顧我們的孩子?！?”可知，這段提到崔景芹的目的是說明家長們對這個項目的滿意。故選C。
8．主旨大意題。文章在首段“In a mdern sciety, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is cmmnly referred t as a “sharing ecnmy”. If “shared grannies” sunds new, that is because it is a new idea in Chinese sciety. (在現(xiàn)代社會，公眾可以分享很多東西，比如自行車和汽車。這就是通常所說的“共享經(jīng)濟(jì)”。如果說“共享奶奶”聽起來很新鮮，那是因為它在中國社會是個新概念。)”提出了“共享奶奶”的新概念，然后全文圍繞此話題進(jìn)行介紹，由此推斷B選項“A New Kind f Sharing(一種新的共享方式)”能夠更好地概括全文。故選B。
3.（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Fr many cnsumers, lw prices are ften equal t cheap prducts. While everyne lves a gd bargain (特價商品), lw prices can harm hw yur prduct is viewed. Instead f getting a great deal, custmers ften believe that yu get what yu pay fr. Thugh everyday lw-pricing strategies can wrk fr sme cmpanies, they’re nt always the best idea fr certain lines f business.
Cnsumer perceptins play a significant rle in strategic pricing. Despite all the prmtins surrunding great deals, it turns ut that cheaper isn’t always better. Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts. Hwever, researchers als fund that cnsumers smetimes see lw prices as simply gd deals. Shppers’ perceptins depend n what they’re thinking abut when deciding whether r nt t buy a prduct.
If cnsumers cme acrss a lw-priced prduct r service, they may see it as either a gd deal r nt wrth their time and mney. Hw cnsumers think abut price is just as imprtant as the actual price itself.
Cnsumers rarely have cmplete infrmatin and use varius strategies t fill gaps in their knwledge when cnsidering prducts. One strategy invlves using naive theries: infrmal explanatins used by cnsumers t make sense f their envirnment. A cnsumer may perceive an upscale (高檔的) cmpany’s prices are t high r assume discunt retailers’ (零售店) prducts are inferir (次的) due t its reputatin being assciated with lwer quality items than ther stres selling similar gds.
Cmpanies can influence hw custmers feel abut their lw prices by cnducting market research and imprving marketing strategies fcused n highlighting prduct quality rather than just value alne which tends twards making peple rate cheaper prducts mre favrably. When cmpanies fcus n the prduct quality in marketing materials, cnsumers lk mre favrably upn mre expensive prducts. Hwever, when cmpanies fcus n value, cnsumers rate cheap prducts mre favrably.
Businesses can als identify their custmer base and narrw their marketing effrts t becme perceived as a specialist. This leaves custmers less likely t questin pricing strategies because they trust that the cmpany knws what it’s ding and has dne its research int what wrks best fr them.
9．What des research frm Vanderbilt University suggest?
A．Strategic pricing determines shppers’ perceptins.
B．Prmtins are linked with high-quality prducts.
C．Cnsumers nly see lw prices as a real bargain.
D．Cnsumers’ perceptins f lw prices vary greatly.
10．What des the underline wrd “backfire” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Prduce an ppsite result.B．Cause a serius explsin.
C．Meet peple’s expectatins.D．Have a psitive effect.
11．Hw can cmpanies influence cnsumers’ feelings abut their lw prices?
A．By emphasizing prduct quality.B．By targeting a wider audience.
C．By ffering mre prmtins.D．By lwering prices even further.
12．What is the best title f this article?
A．Lw prices are always a gd thing fr businesses
B．Lw prices can smetimes scare ff custmers
C．Cmpanies shuld fcus n value rather than quality
D．Cmpanies shuld ignre cnsumers’ perceptins f price
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了雖然消費(fèi)者喜歡特價商品，但是低價會損害消費(fèi)者對于產(chǎn)品的看法，從而影響購買情況，對此公司會采取相應(yīng)的營銷策略來影響消費(fèi)者對產(chǎn)品的看法。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts. Hwever, researchers als fund that cnsumers smetimes see lw prices as simply gd deals.(范德比爾特大學(xué)的研究表明，低價可能會……因為消費(fèi)者有時會將其視為低質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)志。然而，研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)，消費(fèi)者有時會把低價看作是劃算的交易)”可知，范德比爾特大學(xué)的研究顯示消費(fèi)者有時會把低價看作低質(zhì)量，有時會把低價看作劃算，這是兩種差異很大的看法。由此可知，該研究表明消費(fèi)者對低價的看法差別很大。故選D項。
10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Despite all the prmtins surrunding great deals, it turns ut that cheaper isn’t always better. Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts.(盡管有各種促銷活動，但事實(shí)證明，便宜并不總是更好。范德比爾特大學(xué)的研究表明，低價可能會……因為消費(fèi)者有時會將其視為低質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)志)”可知，低價促銷不一定得到好的結(jié)果，因為消費(fèi)者有時會把低價看作低質(zhì)量。由此推知，backfire意思是“產(chǎn)生相反的結(jié)果，適得其反”。故選A項。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Cmpanies can influence hw custmers feel abut their lw prices by cnducting market research and imprving marketing strategies fcused n highlighting prduct quality rather than just value alne which tends twards making peple rate cheaper prducts mre favrably.(公司可以通過進(jìn)行市場調(diào)查和改進(jìn)營銷策略來影響消費(fèi)者對其低價產(chǎn)品的感受，這些營銷策略側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，而不僅僅是價值，這往往會讓人們更青睞便宜的產(chǎn)品)”可知，公司會通過強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量來影響消費(fèi)者對于低價的感受。故選A項。
12．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了雖然消費(fèi)者喜歡特價商品，但是低價會損害消費(fèi)者對于產(chǎn)品的看法，從而影響購買情況，對此公司會采取相應(yīng)的營銷策略來影響消費(fèi)者對產(chǎn)品的看法。因此，B項“低價有時會嚇跑顧客”符合文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B項。
4.（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Cking r baking has becme a cmmn cure fr stress r feeling dwn, but there might actually be sme science behind it. A study cnducted by researchers fllwed 658 peple fr tw weeks and fund that a little creativity each day can g a lng way twards happiness and satisfactin in daily life.
“There is grwing recgnitin in psychlgy research that creativity is assciated with emtinal functining,” Tamlin Cnner, lead authr n the study, explained. “Hwever, mst f this wrk fcuses n hw emtins benefit r prevent creativity, nt whether creativity benefits r hampers (妨礙) emtinal well-being.” By fllwing detailed diaries kept by the study subjects, Cnner fund that in additin t feeling happier, peple wh wrked n little creative prjects every day als felt they were “flurishing”—a psychlgical term that describes the feeling f persnal grwth.
This isn’t the first time researchers have drawn a line cnnecting making fd with psitive feelings. In recent years, psychlgists have started spending mre time explring cking and baking as a therapeutic (治療的) tl t help peple dealing with things like depressin and anxiety.
“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amunt f sugar r butter I need fr a recipe—I am in cntrl,” baker Jhn Whaite, wh wn “The Great British Bake Off” in 2012, tld BBC．
Fr peple like Whaite, wh is suffering frm manic depressin, baking can help their md by prviding small tasks t fcus n in a manner similar t meditatin (冥想). In rder t put tgether a gd meal, cks have t be cnstantly in the mment, adding ingredients, adjusting the heat f the stve and tasting their fd—all f which can be helpful techniques in treating sme frms f mental illness.
“A lt f us turn t baking when we’re feeling lw.” Melanie Denyer, the funder f the Depressed Cake Shp, a bakery designed t draw awareness t mental health cnditins, says. “Sme f us even started baking because they were ill and needed smething simple as a fcus. And there is genuinely smething very therapeutic abut baking.”
Baking may nt be a be-all and end-all cure fr mental illness, but anyne in need f lifted spirits shuld cnsider pulling ut the flur and warming up the ven.
13．What is the fcus f mst psychlgy research n creativity and emtins?
A．The benefits f creative prjects n emtins.
B．The impacts f emtin n creativity.
C．The harm f creativity t emtinal well-being.
D．The effects f creativity n emtinal well-being.
14．Why d sme psychlgists explre cking as a therapeutic tl?
A．T prvide an alternative frm f meditatin.
B．T prmte healthy and balanced eating habits.
C．T assist individuals in handling mental prblems.
D．T help peple with serius physical illnesses.
15．Hw did Jhn Whaite benefit frm baking?
A．It wn him “The Great British Bake Off”.
B．It helped him gain a sense f cntrl.
C．It cured his depressin thrugh meditatin.
D．It enabled him t becme mre creative.
16．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Cking and baking are creative activities.
B．Baking is a cmplete cure fr mental illness.
C．Small creative tasks lead t imprved emtinal well-being.
D．Fllwing recipes leads t persnal grwth in creativity.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了一些創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)比如烹飪和烘焙有益于心理問題的治療。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hwever, mst f this wrk fcuses n hw emtins benefit r prevent creativity, nt whether creativity benefits r hampers emtinal well-being.(然而，大部分的研究都集中在情緒如何促進(jìn)或阻礙創(chuàng)造力，而不是創(chuàng)造力是否有利于或阻礙情緒健康。)”可知，大多數(shù)關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力和情感的心理學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)是情緒對創(chuàng)造力的影響。故選B項。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In recent years, psychlgists have started spending mre time explring cking and baking as a therapeutic tl t help peple dealing with things like depressin and anxiety.(近年來，心理學(xué)家開始花更多的時間探索烹飪和烘焙作為一種治療工具來幫助人們處理抑郁和焦慮等問題。)”可知，一些心理學(xué)家探索烹飪作為一種治療工具是為了幫助個人處理心理問題。故選C項。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amunt f sugar r butter I need fr a recipe—I am in cntrl. (當(dāng)我在廚房里時，測量一份食譜所需的糖或黃油的量時，我可以控制。)”可知，烘焙幫助他獲得了一種控制感。故選B項。
16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Cnner fund that in additin t feeling happier, peple wh wrked n little creative prjects every day als felt they were ‘flurishing’—a psychlgical term that describes the feeling f persnal grwth.(Cnner發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天從事一些創(chuàng)造性小項目的人除了感到更快樂之外，還覺得自己‘蓬勃發(fā)展’——這是一個描述個人成長感覺的心理學(xué)術(shù)語)”和第五段中“Fr peple like Whaite, wh is suffering frm manic depressin, baking can help their md by prviding small tasks t fcus n in a manner similar t meditatin .(對于像懷特這樣患有躁狂抑郁癥的人來說，烘焙可以像冥想一樣讓他們專注于一些小事情，從而改善他們的情緒。)”可知，本文主要講述了小的創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)可以改善情緒健康。故選C項。
5.（2023·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Micrsft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT t cntrl rbts with simple text cmmands. The apprach means peple with n engineering experience will be able t instruct rbts t carry ut tasks.
Micrsft said the research was intended “t see if ChatGPT can think beynd text, and reasn abut the physical wrld t help with rbtics tasks”. Rbts are typically cntrlled by sftware that has been written by humans and sets ut precise instructins, r else by sme frm f netwrk Al that can learn t carry ut tasks based n large numbers f examples.
Neither Micrsft nr Open Al respnded t a request fr cmment n this, but Micrsft said ChatGPT allws a user t mnitr the prcess. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time cntrl f the rbt, but simply creates the cde that cntrls it. Micrsft said ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be used directly t cntrl a rbt withut “careful analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing Al in cntrl f physical machines.
Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where Al can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng. “It’s a very dangerus thing t just say ‘let’s give cntrl f these cmputers t AI’,” says Ceckelbergh. “The prblem with cntemprary artificial intelligence is that it’s nt transparent(透明的) t the user. That’s a huge prblem.”
Others were dubtful abut the ability f language mdels t prgram rbts fr cmplex tasks. Kathleen Richardsn at De Mntfrt University Leicester, UK, says that Al language mdels are cnvincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability — including their adaptability t cntrl rbts — is ften verblwn. “I think Micrsft, and mst peple wh design rbts,verstate what they can and can’t d,” she says.
17．What’s the purpse f the research cnducted by Micrsft?
A．T prve ChatGPT’s capacity t carry ut tasks.
B．T test ChatGPT’s ability t cntrl rbts.
C．T teach ChatGPT t give accurate instructins.
D．T identify the hidden prblems f ChatGPT.
18．What attitude des Micrsft shw twards the direct use f ChatGPT nt a rbt?
A．Curius.B．Optimistic.C．Supprtive.D．Oppsed.
19．What des Mark Ceckelbergh want t cnvey?
A．It’s safe t use Al t cntrl physical machines.
B．AI’s adaptability t cntrl rbts is reliable.
C．Regulatins f Al use shuld be in place.
D．The prblem with Al is still under debate.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A．ChatGPT tells rbts what t d
B．Pwer f ChatGPT is changing us
C．Prblems f ChatGPT need slving
D．Al takes cntrl f rbts wisely
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要報道了微軟已經(jīng)使用AI ChatGPT來通過簡單的文本命令控制機(jī)器人，而這意味著沒有工程經(jīng)驗的人將能夠指導(dǎo)機(jī)器人執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Micrsft said the research was intended “t see if ChatGPT can think beynd text, and reasn abut the physical wrld t help with rbtics tasks”.(微軟表示，這項研究的目的是“看看ChatGPT是否能超越文本思維，對現(xiàn)實(shí)世界進(jìn)行推理，以幫助機(jī)器人完成任務(wù)”。)”可知，微軟進(jìn)行該研究是為了測試ChatGPT控制機(jī)器人的能力。故選B。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Neither Micrsft nr Open Al respnded t a request fr cmment n this, but Micrsft said ChatGPT allws a user t mnitr the prcess. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time cntrl f the rbt, but simply creates the cde that cntrls it. Micrsft said ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be used directly t cntrl a rbt withut “careful analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing Al in cntrl f physical machines.(微軟和Open Al都沒有回應(yīng)對此發(fā)表評論的請求，但微軟表示，ChatGPT允許用戶監(jiān)控整個過程。ChatGPT并不直接實(shí)時控制機(jī)器人，而只是創(chuàng)建控制機(jī)器人的代碼。微軟表示，在沒有“仔細(xì)分析”的情況下，不應(yīng)該直接使用ChatGPT的輸出來控制機(jī)器人，但專家警告說，甚至開始考慮讓人工智能控制物理機(jī)器都是有風(fēng)險的。)”可知，微軟對于直接使用ChatGPT來控制機(jī)器人是不贊成的。故選D。
19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where Al can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng. “It’s a very dangerus thing t just say ‘let’s give cntrl f these cmputers t AI’,” says Ceckelbergh.(奧地利維也納大學(xué)的Mark Ceckelbergh說，可能需要制定法規(guī)，以便確定人工智能可以在哪里使用，以及如果出現(xiàn)問題誰來負(fù)責(zé)。Ceckelbergh說：“僅僅說‘讓我們把這些電腦的控制權(quán)交給人工智能吧’是一件非常危險的事情?！?”可知，Ceckelbergh認(rèn)為應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)的法規(guī)來管理人工智能的使用。故選C。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Micrsft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT t cntrl rbts with simple text cmmands. The apprach means peple with n engineering experience will be able t instruct rbts t carry ut tasks.(微軟表示，他們已經(jīng)使用自然語言AI ChatGPT來通過簡單的文本命令控制機(jī)器人。這種方法意味著沒有工程經(jīng)驗的人將能夠指導(dǎo)機(jī)器人執(zhí)行任務(wù)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了微軟使用AI ChatGPT簡單的文本來控制機(jī)器人。所以“ChatGPT tells rbts what t d(ChatGPT告訴機(jī)器人該做什么)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。
6.（2023·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）There’s n tune, n lyrics and yu can’t dance t it. Dn’t let that put yu ff: white nise is the music industry’s next big thing. Streaming services have seen an explsin f tracks in the last year cnsisting entirely f recrdings f rainfall, cean waves and winds.
Sme f the recrdings have earned their creatrs millins f punds. Recrd cmpanies and tech firms have taken ntice. Apple is including backgrund nise in its next perating system, and TikTk has been prmting pink nise and brwn nise — sunds with lwer frequencies as an aid t cncentratin fr students at the start f the schl year.
Nise fans say that studying, sleeping and meditatin (冥想) are all enhanced by listening t these sunds at prper levels. The ecnmics f music-streaming mean nise-makers can cash in. Smene falling asleep t White Nise Baby Sleep’s 90-secnd track Clean White Nise n repeat fr seven hurs will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 millin times, wrth an estimated $2.5m in ryalties (版稅). The lead track n Sptify’s wn Rain Sunds playlist, tw minutes f rainfall, has mre than 100m plays.
In cntrast, Laura Mvula nly has 541,000 Sptify streams fr the title track f this year’s award-winning album, Pink Nise — nt a slice f sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pp that tk her three years t make. Sptify, Apple Music, and ther streaming services pay ryalties in rughly the same way. They set aside a ttal pt fr ryalties, which is then divided up between distributrs, recrd labels, recrding artists and sngwriters. That means that Mvula will get a smaller slice f the Sptify pie than White Nise Baby Sleep, althugh mst f it ges t the majr recrd cmpanies.
It’s hard t wrk ut wh is making such nise. Sptify lists White Nise Baby Sleep’s sngwriting credits as belnging t an Erik Erikssn. It’s nt bvius wh Erikssn is r whether he is part f a larger rganizatin, but the Medium website One Zer last year established that many f the artists’ names are pseudnyms (假名) used by cmpanies.
21．Which f the fllwing best describes white nise?
A．Tuneful.B．Cnfusing.C．Pricey.D．Prfitable.
22．Hw des the authr describe the ppularity f white nise in Paragraph 3?
A．By presenting sme statistics.
B．By making classificatins.
C．By making a cmparisn.
D．By giving a definitin.
23．What des the authr want t shw by mentining Laura Mvula’s Pink Nise?
A．White nise is mre ppular.
B．Pink nise has gne ut f date.
C．Hw Mvula gets paid.
D．Wh makes huge prfits.
24．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tips fr attracting mre white nise fans.
B．Challenges sme cmpanies are faced with.
C．Difficulty in identifying the hlders.
D．Ways t imprve the qualities f credits.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．A 24．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了很受歡迎的白噪音音樂，這種音樂的播放量非常高，為創(chuàng)作者和音樂公司帶來了客觀的收益。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sme f the recrdings have earned their creatrs millins f punds.（其中一些錄音已經(jīng)為其創(chuàng)作者賺了數(shù)百萬英鎊。）”可知，白噪音作品可以帶來客觀的受益，因此可以用D項“盈利的”來描述白噪音，A項Tuneful“旋律優(yōu)美的”、B項Cnfusing“令人困惑的”、C項Pricey“價格高昂的”不符合白噪音的特性。故選D項。
22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Smene falling asleep t White Nise Baby Sleep’s 90-secnd track Clean White Nise n repeat fr seven hurs will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 millin times, wrth an estimated $2.5m in ryalties (版稅). The lead track n Sptify’s wn Rain Sunds playlist, tw minutes f rainfall, has mre than 100m plays.（聽著White Nise Baby Sleep的90秒曲子Clean White Nise入睡，重復(fù)播放7小時的人，將贏得280次播放。截至上周五，該曲已被播放8.37億次，版稅估計為250萬美元。在Sptify自己的Rain Sunds播放列表中，兩分鐘降雨的曲子播放量超過1億次。）”可推知，在第三段中作者通過呈現(xiàn)數(shù)字來表現(xiàn)白噪音的受歡迎。故選A項。
23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“In cntrast, Laura Mvula nly has 541,000 Sptify streams fr the title track f this year’s award-winning album, Pink Nise — nt a slice f sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pp that tk her three years t make.（相比之下，Laura Mvula今年獲獎專輯Pink Nise的主打歌在Sptify上的播放量只有54.1萬次，這是她花了三年時間制作的一首旋律優(yōu)美、抒情的流行舞曲，沒有一絲沉悶。）”可知，Laura Mvula的專輯Pink Nise的播放量很少。由此推知，作者是為了通過比較突顯白噪音比這種精心制作的旋律優(yōu)美、抒情的曲子更受歡迎。故選A項。
24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’s hard t wrk ut wh is making such nise. Sptify lists White Nise Baby Sleep’s sngwriting credits as belnging t an Erik Erikssn. It’s nt bvius wh Erikssn is r whether he is part f a larger rganizatin, but the Medium website One Zer last year established that many f the artists’ names are pseudnyms (假名) used by cmpanies.（很難弄清楚是誰在制造這樣的噪音。Sptify列出了White Nise Baby Sleep的詞曲創(chuàng)作屬于Erik Erikssn。Erikssn是誰，或者他是否屬于一個更大的組織，目前還不清楚，但媒體網(wǎng)站One Zer去年發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多藝術(shù)家的名字都是公司使用的假名。）”可知，本段主要討論了白噪音的創(chuàng)作者并不明確，其版權(quán)擁有者因此很難確認(rèn)。C項“難以確定人”符合段落大意。故選C項。
7.（2023·浙江金華·校聯(lián)考一模）If yu’ve gt mre than ne kid, yu’re shwing favritism, whether yu knw it r nt.
“Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.
Favritism is nt exactly a bn fr the favred child, either. Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the ppsite can als ccur. Favred children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting frm their favrite child status. “Children are bservant. They knw when they are getting praise fr things they have nt earned, such as being yur favrite. Fr this reasn, they knw, and fear, that these things might be taken away frmthem at any time, fr any reasn,” says Gidenk
Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman
25．What can we learn abut unfavred children?
A．They want t please their parents
B．They care little abut their siblings.
C．They tend t lack a sense f identity
D．They hpe t be the black sheep f the family.
26．What des the underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Blessing.B．Challenge.C．Hnr.D．Burden.
27．What des Newman suggest parents d in the last paragraph?
A．Treat their children equally
B．Explain themselves t their children
C．Strengthen their bnd with their children
D．Remve the differences between their children
28．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The slutins t parental favritism
B．The cnsequences f parental favritism
C．An analysis f why parents play favrites
D．A cntrast between favred and unfavred children
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，指出在有多個孩子的家庭中，父母很可能會出現(xiàn)對某個孩子的偏愛，無論他們自己是否意識到。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.(持證心理咨詢師葉蓮娜·吉登科(Yelena Gidenk)說：“不受寵愛的孩子會感到挫敗，沒有動力，因為他們努力獲得父母的支持，卻沒有成功?！彼a(bǔ)充說：“他或她也可能患有抑郁癥，變得憤怒、痛苦或嫉妒?！庇羞@種感覺的孩子可能會采取行動，試圖引起父母的注意，使事情變得更糟。他們也可能表現(xiàn)得不得體，成為害群之馬，他們認(rèn)為父母已經(jīng)看到了這一點(diǎn)?！安皇軐檺鄣暮⒆涌赡芎茈y接受自己，因為他們覺得自己不被父母接受，”金登科補(bǔ)充道。)”可推知，不受寵愛的孩子他們往往缺乏認(rèn)同感，所以試圖引起父母的注意。故選C項。
26．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.(那些覺得自己是父母最愛的孩子有時會把這種感覺轉(zhuǎn)化為他們在未來關(guān)系中的行為?！笆軐櫟暮⒆涌赡軙幸环N權(quán)利感，覺得規(guī)則不適用于他們，”金登科說。這會對他們在學(xué)校、工作和友誼中的表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”可知，本段主要講述了偏袒對被偏愛的孩子來說，也不完全是好處，所以推知bn意為“益處”和A項意思相近。故選A項。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman(紐曼敦促父母記住，不可能平等對待孩子，因為他們都是不同的。父母能做的，也應(yīng)該做的，是告訴他們的孩子，他們是如何對待他們的，以及為什么要這樣對待他們?！案鶕?jù)研究，父母不會談?wù)撨@個問題。他們沒有說為什么一個孩子比另一個孩子得到更多的時間。如果他們這樣做，他們就保留了與每個孩子的聯(lián)系，”紐曼說)”可知，紐曼在本段建議父母加強(qiáng)他們與孩子的聯(lián)系。故選B項。
28．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段““Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.(“出于很多原因，父母可能會偏愛一個孩子。這個孩子可能性情隨和，或者表現(xiàn)得特別好，或者長得像你，”心理學(xué)家蘇珊·紐曼(Susan Newman)說?！暗还苁鞘裁丛?，為了全面發(fā)展，每個孩子都必須感受到愛和特別。”紐曼警告說，公開地偏愛一個孩子而不是他們的兄弟姐妹會產(chǎn)生明顯的負(fù)面影響)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了父母偏愛的后果。故選B項。
8.（2023·浙江金華·校聯(lián)考一模）The sharp fin (鰭). The rws upn rws f sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks yu see n televisin in Jaws r Discvery’s ”Shark Week“ are nt the friendliest lking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal yu want t find near yu while swimming in the cean. Despite their prtrayals (刻畫) in mvies and ppular culture, sharks are cmplicated, misunderstd creatures that are weaker than they appear.
One very cmmn misunderstanding abut sharks is their desire t hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human fr their nrmal prey (獵物),seals r dlphins. They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse. Statistically, yu are mre likely t be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very imprtant t the cean as they are at the tp f the fd chain. Sme sharks even cntrl the balance f an ecsystem thrugh fear alne. Tiger sharks in Australia help prtect seagrass meadws frm turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and withut the sharks, will destry these meadws. When tiger sharks are present thugh, the turtles are scared away, hlding back their appetite fr seagrass and prtecting its grwth.
Thugh sharks have a reputatin fr being very scary t humans, the sad truth is that they shuld be scared f humans. The number f sharks in the cean is steadily drpping. There are a few reasns fr this. Fr ne, they mature quite slwly, ver several years, and prduce relatively few yung. Fr anther, verfishing f sharks is happening because mre and mre peple want their fins. Abut 100 millin sharks are killed every year accrding t Natinal Gegraphic. Shark fin is a way fr peple t shw ff their wealth. Shark fins are als believed t have medicinal benefits, thugh there is n evidence r prf that they actually d.
29．What d mst peple think abut sharks?
A．They are ugly.
B．They are imprtant
C．They are vilent.
D．They are cmplicated.
30．The authr cmpares shark bites t lightning strikes t shw they are_________.
A．DeadlyB．rareC．unavidableD．unpredictable
31．Why shuld sharks be scared f humans accrding t the authr?
A．Humans keep sharks t shw ff.
B．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C．Humans catch sharks fr medical research.
D．Humans are greater in number than sharks
32．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B．Sharks: King f the Ocean
C．Shark Fins: An Eclgical Crisis
D．Sharks: Killers r Misunderstd?
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．B 32．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們對鯊魚的誤解，鯊魚在海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的重要性，以及鯊魚面臨的威脅和生存狀態(tài)。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“One very cmmn misunderstanding abut sharks is their desire t hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human fr their nrmal prey(獵物),seals r dlphins. They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse.(關(guān)于鯊魚的一個很常見的誤解是它們想獵殺人類。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)鯊魚攻擊人類時，那是因為它們把人類誤認(rèn)為是它們的正常獵物，海豹或海豚。它們不會故意尋找人類。)”可知，大多數(shù)人對鯊魚的誤解是鯊魚想要獵殺人類，也就是鯊魚是暴力的。故選C。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse. Statistically, yu are mre likely t be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.(它們不會故意尋找人類。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，你被閃電擊中的可能性比被鯊魚咬傷的可能性更大。)”可知，作者將被鯊魚咬傷的可能性和被閃電擊中的可能性相比較是為了說明被鯊魚咬傷的可能性極小。故選B。
31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thugh sharks have a reputatin fr being very scary t humans, the sad truth is that they shuld be scared f humans. The number f sharks in the cean is steadily drpping. There are a few reasns fr this. Fr ne, they mature quite slwly, ver several years, and prduce relatively few yung. Fr anther, verfishing f sharks is happening because mre and mre peple want their fins.(雖然鯊魚對人類來說是非常可怕的，但可悲的事實(shí)是它們應(yīng)該害怕人類。海洋中鯊魚的數(shù)量正在穩(wěn)步下降。這有幾個原因。首先，它們成熟得很慢，需要幾年的時間，而且產(chǎn)生的幼崽相對較少。另一方面，鯊魚的過度捕撈正在發(fā)生，因為越來越多的人想要它們的鰭。)”可知，鯊魚應(yīng)該懼怕人類是因為人類過度捕撈鯊魚。故選B。
32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The sharp fin(鰭). The rws upn rws f sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks yu see n televisin in Jaws r Discvery’s ”Shark Week“ are nt the friendliest lking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal yu want t find near yu while swimming in the cean. Despite their prtrayals(刻畫) in mvies and ppular culture, sharks are cmplicated, misunderstd creatures that are weaker than they appear.(尖銳的鰭。一排排鋒利的牙齒。又大又黑的眼睛。你在電視節(jié)目《大白鯊》或探索頻道的“鯊魚周”中看到的鯊魚并不是看起來最友好的生物。當(dāng)你在海里游泳時，你不會想在你附近找到它們。盡管鯊魚在電影和流行文化中被描繪成這樣，但它們是一種復(fù)雜的、被誤解的生物，比它們看起來的要弱。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講解了人們對鯊魚的誤解以及鯊魚的真實(shí)情況等。所以短文的最佳的標(biāo)題為“鯊魚:殺手還是被誤解了？”故選D。
9.（2023·湖北襄陽·襄陽四中?？寄M預(yù)測）Swt satellite is scheduled t be launched Thursday mrning t cnduct a cmprehensive survey f Earth’s vital resurce. By using advanced micrwave radar technlgy it will cllect height-surface measurements f ceans, lakes and rivers in high-definitin de tail ver 90% f the glbe. It’s really the first time t bserve nearly all water n the planet’s surface.
The majr missin is t explre hw ceans help t minimize climate change by absrbing atmspheric heat and carbn dixide in a natural prcess. Oceans are estimated t have absrbed mre than 90% f the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmsphere by human-caused greenhuse gases. Swt will scan the seas frm the rbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevatins (高度) arund smaller currents and eddies (漩渦), where much f the ceans’ decrease f heat and carbn is believed t ccur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key questin: What is the turning pint at which ceans start releasing, rather than absrbing, huge amunts f heat back int the atmsphere and speed up glbal warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swt’s prgram scientist.
By cmparisn, earlier studies f water bdies relied n data f rivers r ceans taken at specific pints, r frm satellites that can nly track measurements alng a ne-dimensinal line, requiring scientists t fill in data gaps thrugh extraplatin (外推法). Thanks t the radar instrument, Swt can scan thrugh clud cver and darkness ver wide ranges f the Earth. This enables scientists t accurately map their bservatins in tw dimensins regardless f weather r time f day and t cver large gegraphic areas far mre quickly than was previusly pssible.
“Rather than giving us a line f elevatins, it’s giving us a map f elevatins, and that’s just a ttal gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swt freshwater science leader.
33．What makes it pssible fr Swt t measure precisely?
A．Advanced radar technlgy.B．The high-definitin cmputer.
C．The three-dimensinal image.D．An accurate map f elevatins.
34．What is the majr missin f Swt?
A．T explre the influences f greenhuse gases.
B．T tackle the cnsequence f glbal warming.
C．T study the mechanism f ceans influencing climate.
D．T identify the causes f water absrbing heat and CO2.
35．What is Tamlin’s attitude twards Swt’s perfrmance?
A．Objective.B．Vague.C．Uninterested.D．Apprving.
36．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．A Slutin t Climate ChangeB．First Glbal Water Survey frm Space
C．A Breakthrugh in Space TravelD．The Successful Launch f Swt Satellite
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章報道了名為Swt的衛(wèi)星將于周四上午被送入太空，它通過先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)將全面繪制地球上的水域地圖，幫助科學(xué)家了解海洋如何幫助阻止氣候變化。
33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thanks t the radar instrument, Swt can scan thrugh clud cver and darkness ver wide ranges f the Earth. This enables scientists t accurately map their bservatins in tw dimensins regardless f weather r time f day and t cver large gegraphic areas far mre quickly than was previusly pssible.(多虧了雷達(dá)儀器，Swt可以在地球的大范圍內(nèi)掃描云層和黑暗。這使得科學(xué)家能夠精確地繪制二維地圖，無論天氣如何，無論何時，覆蓋大面積地理區(qū)域的速度比以前快得多)”可知，先進(jìn)的雷達(dá)技術(shù)使得Swt能夠精確測量。故選A。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The majr missin is t explre hw ceans help t minimize climate change by absrbing atmspheric heat and carbn dixide in a natural prcess.(其主要任務(wù)是探索海洋如何通過自然過程吸收大氣熱量和二氧化碳來調(diào)節(jié)氣候變化)”可知，Swt衛(wèi)星的主要任務(wù)是研究海洋如何影響氣候變化。故選C。
35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Rather than giving us a line f elevatins, it’s giving us a map f elevatins, and that’s just a ttal gamechanger,’ said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swt freshwater science leader.(Swt淡水科學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)人Tamlin Pavelsky說：‘它不是給我們一條海拔線，而是給我們一張海拔地圖，這完全改變了游戲規(guī)則?！?”可推知，Tamlin對于Swt的表現(xiàn)很贊成，故選D。
36．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Swt satellite is scheduled t be launched Thursday mrning t cnduct a cmprehensive survey f Earth’s vital resurce. By using advanced micrwave radar technlgy it will cllect height-surface measurements f ceans, lakes and rivers in high-definitin de tail ver 90% f the glbe. It’s really the first time t bserve nearly all water n the planet’s surface.(Swt衛(wèi)星計劃于周四上午發(fā)射，對地球的重要資源進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，它將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這真的是第一次觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水)”可知，文章報道了計劃于周四上午發(fā)射的Swt衛(wèi)星，通過使用先進(jìn)的微波雷達(dá)技術(shù)，它將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這是第一次從太空觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水。由此可知，B項“第一次從太空進(jìn)行的全球水資源調(diào)查”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。
10.（2022·山東青島·統(tǒng)考一模）Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)): bamb drifting.
Over 2,000 years ag, the high-quality wd, nanmu, in Guizhu was in great demand by the ryal curt mre than 2,000 kilmeters t the nrth. With n better transprtatin, peple had t stand n ne lg t drift dwn the river. Later, lcal peple began t cmpete alng the way and the game f wd drifting was brn. In the Qing Dynasty, wd drifting became bamb drifting because f bamb’s lwer price. Due t the great strength and balance it takes fr ne t master this act, bamb drifting was included in the natinal intangible cultural heritage list in 2021.
Yang Liu, a 25-year-ld inheritr f bamb drifting, learned it at seven. “Usually, the bamb under yur feet is abut 9 meters lng, and the bamb in yur hands is abut 5 meters. If the length r diameter f the bamb is nt lng enugh, it will nt be buyant (有浮力的) enugh t flat. Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it anther try until I knew hw t handle the mst difficult part,” she said.
The lve fr the ancient skill keeps Yang ging. In the past 18 years, she has drifted all year rund, in cld winter and ht summer. As hanfu culture has been n the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while perfrming, creating a mre beautiful scene. In 2020, Yang began t pst her vides n scial media. “I’m extremely prud t get respnses frm viewers that bamb drifting makes the line between what is pssible and impssible unclear. It’s my missin t keep it alive and knwn t mre peple,” Yang Liu says.
37．What can be learned frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Bamb drifting invlves lts f skills.
B．Nanmu was delivered t the nrth by land.
C．Bamb was cstly in Guizhu 2,000 years ag.
D．The martial arts mvie is a frm f cultural heritage.
38．What is the biggest challenge in bamb drifting?
A．Keeping balance.B．Maintaining a fixed angle.
C．Finding the prper bamb.D．Hlding the bamb firmly in hands.
39．What d the viewers think f bamb drifting?
A．Impssible.B．Cnfusing.C．Unbelievable.D．Cmplicated.
40．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Balancing with GraceB．Yang Liu: a Creative Perfrmer
C．Transprting Bamb dwn the RiverD．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhu
【答案】37．A 38．A 39．C 40．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項目獨(dú)竹漂。
37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)): bamb drifting. (當(dāng)你看到人們站在竹竿上順流而下時，你可能會認(rèn)為這是武俠片里的場景，但實(shí)際上這是一種非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)：獨(dú)竹漂。)”以及第二段末句“Due t the great strength and balance it takes fr ne t master this act, bamb drifting was included in the natinal intangible cultural heritage list in 2021. (由于掌握這一動作需要巨大的力量和平衡，獨(dú)竹漂于2021年被列入國家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。)”可知，獨(dú)竹漂需要很多技能。故選A。
38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后三句““Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it anther try until I knew hw t handle the mst difficult part,” she said. (“讓我們的腳牢牢地站在狹窄的竹竿上是關(guān)鍵，所以我們應(yīng)該通過不斷改變角度來對抗水流。在練習(xí)的過程中，我多次失去平衡掉進(jìn)水里。一旦我摔倒了，我就再試一次，直到我知道如何處理最困難的部分。”她說。)”可知，在狹窄的竹竿上站穩(wěn)是關(guān)鍵，楊柳在練習(xí)獨(dú)竹漂時會因失去平衡而摔倒。由此可推知，獨(dú)竹漂最大的挑戰(zhàn)是保持平衡。故選A。
39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句““I’m extremely prud t get respnses frm viewers that bamb drifting makes the line between what is pssible and impssible unclear. It’s my missin t keep it alive and knwn t mre peple,” Yang Liu says. (“我非常自豪地收到觀眾的回應(yīng)，他們認(rèn)為竹子的漂流讓可能與不可能之間的界限變得模糊。我的使命是讓它活下去，讓更多人知道它?！睏盍f。)”可知，從觀眾那里得到的反響是獨(dú)竹漂讓“可能”和“不可能”之間的界限變得模糊，由此可推知，觀眾認(rèn)為獨(dú)竹漂是不可思議的。故選C。
40．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)): bamb drifting. (當(dāng)你看到人們站在竹竿上順流而下時，你可能會認(rèn)為這是武俠片里的場景，但實(shí)際上這是一種非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)：獨(dú)竹漂。)”以及第三段倒數(shù)第二三句“Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. (讓我們的腳牢牢地站在狹窄的竹竿上是關(guān)鍵，所以我們應(yīng)該通過不斷改變角度來對抗水流。在練習(xí)的過程中，我多次失去平衡掉進(jìn)水里。)”可知，文章主要介紹了國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項目獨(dú)竹漂。而優(yōu)雅地在竹子上保持平衡體現(xiàn)了獨(dú)竹漂的特點(diǎn)，最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
試卷類型
年份
篇序
體裁
話題
題量
新高考I卷
2023
D
議論文
集體商議的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
B
記敘文
學(xué)校菜園項目
1
新高考I卷
2022
D
說明文
語音演變
1
新高考II卷
2022
C
說明文
科學(xué)技術(shù)
1
新高考I卷
2021
D
議論文
情商的科學(xué)
1
新高考II卷
2021
C
說明文
推動藝術(shù)教育的發(fā)展
1

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