Simple, cmpund and cmplex sentences
1. Be familiar with the three different sentence structures2. Judge which structures the sentences are
Hw d yu express yur ideas, by sentences r wrds?
What makes a sentence?
P predicative
DO direct bject
IO indirect bject
C bject cmplement
main elements
英語(yǔ)句子基本成分示意圖
nun. / prnun.The + adj. /v-ing / Clause /Infinitive
be / feel / seem / lkappear / lie / becme /get / grw / turn / g / cme / remain/ keep /taste / smell etc.
nun. / prnun. / The + adj. /v-ing / Clause / Infinitive
nun./ adj. / adv.Infinitive/ v-ing / v-ed etc.
/ adv.infinitivev-ing / v-edclauseetc.
簡(jiǎn)單句(simple sentence)：A simple sentence is made up f ne independent clause which has ne subject-verb cmbinatin.句子中只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)），句子的各個(gè)成分都是由單詞和短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。
(1) 什么是簡(jiǎn)單句？(2) 簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本類型有哪些？
(2) 簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本類型有哪些？
基本類型(1) 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+Vi ) (2) 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P )(3) 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+O )(4) 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+IO+DO)(5) 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+C)
He is drinking.
He is a teacher.
He is friendly.
謂語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作。
表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)特征的描述。表語(yǔ)前的動(dòng)詞叫系動(dòng)詞。
He lks yung.
He ften sings this sng.
賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作作用的對(duì)象。
He gives me a pen.
間接賓語(yǔ)通常是人，直接賓語(yǔ)通常是物。
He asks us t take a ntebk.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
由SV和SVO擴(kuò)展：主謂狀：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(SVA)。謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞。eg He talked t much.主謂賓狀：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(SVOA)。eg I had my first maths class at senir high schl.
Analyze the fllwing sentences.
1. They wrk hard.
2. The flwer is dead.
3. Plants need water.
4. He gives me sme seeds.
5. We shuld keep the plants in the shade.
6. We fund her in tears.
寫出句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。1) Everybdy smiled. 2) The car caught fire.3) Did the milk turn sur?4) He bught his wife a dress.5) Ry fund his new jb rather bring. 6) Yur brther gt up at 10 ’clck. 7) I haven’t seen Daniel fr lng.
并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句通過(guò)并列連詞and, but, r, s等連接起來(lái)的較長(zhǎng)句子。當(dāng)用并列句表達(dá)思想時(shí)，要注意兩個(gè)并列分句之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，它們是同等重要的獨(dú)立分句。
cmpund sentence
A cmpund sentence cntains tw r mre main clauses. We use linking wrds such as (1) and, r, (2) but, s r fr t link the clauses.
并列分句還可用連接副詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。Mst f the class went n the trip; hwever, Li Hua stayed at schl.The girls did the dishes; the bys swept the flr.
用并列連詞（如and、but、s、yet等）I enjy playing tennis, but I hate playing basketball.It started t rain suddenly, s we stpped planting ur trees.
1.?表示并列關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：and, bth , nt nly ... but als, as well等；2.?表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：r, either ... r, therwise等；3.?表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：but, while, yet, still, hwever等；4.?表示因果關(guān)系的并列句，常見的連接詞有：fr, thus, s, therefre等。
請(qǐng)判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句還是并列句。1. He ran t the bkstre and bught the nvel.2. He gave it t me, and I gave it t Jhn.3. She desn’t like the new huse and wants t sell it.4. My brther is the tallest amng us, fr he is lder than us.
請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。
He was tired, s he went t bed.
1. He was tired. He went t bed.
2. The child hid behind his mther's skirt. He was afraid f the dg.
3. He made a prmise. He didn’t keep it.
He made a prmise, but He didn’t keep it.
The child hid behind his mther's skirt, fr he was afraid f the dg.
A cmplex sentence cntains ne main clause and at least ne subrdinate clause. A subrdinate clause can be the subject, predicative, bject, attributive r adverbial f the sentence.
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)叫復(fù)合句(cmplex sentence)，主句為主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只作句子的一個(gè)成分。（從句有：名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句）
復(fù)合句與并列句的區(qū)別在于，前者有主句和從句之分，而后者沒(méi)有，分句和分句之間的關(guān)系是平等的。連接并列句的詞叫并列連詞，而連接復(fù)合句的詞叫從屬連詞。
復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句
that the match had been cancelled.
when he was leaving fr Paris.
hw much he was prepared t pay fr my car.
in that factry
three years ag.
where his father wrked
when he lived there.
名詞性從句：名詞性從句在句子中起一個(gè)名詞的作用。它可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。eg Whatever he said?is gd enugh fr us.?（作主語(yǔ)） We all believe?what he said.（作賓語(yǔ)） The prblem is?wh we can get t replace her.（作表語(yǔ)） The fact?that the mney has gne?desn’t mean it was stlen.（作同位語(yǔ)）
狀語(yǔ)從句：eg When he gt hme, he drank a cup f tea.?（時(shí)裝狀語(yǔ)） We must camp in the place where we can get water.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） She was late because she missed the early bus.（原因狀語(yǔ)）
賓語(yǔ)從句：eg I dn’t?knw if there will be a bus any mre.
指出下列各從句的類型。
I believe that everything is ging n well.She was reading a nvel when I came in.She is the girl wh sings best in my class.
1. He has fund ut. She was late. (why)
He has fund ut why she was late.
2. I still remember the day. I first went t Yrk n that day. (when)
I still remember the day when I first went t Yrk.
將各組句子連接為一個(gè)含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。
1. He didn’t cme yesterday. He was ill. (原因)
He didn’t cme yesterday because he was ill.
2. I’ll give the letter t him. I see him. （時(shí)間）
I’ll give the letter t him when I see him.I’ll give the letter t him as sn as I see him.I’ll give the letter t him the mment I see him.
3. It is such a big bx. Nbdy can mve it. （結(jié)果）4. We’ll g t the great wall. It’s fine tmrrw. (條件)5. We shuld nt g there all the time. The place is quite pleasant. (讓步)
It is such a big bx that nbdy can mve it.
We’ll g t the great wall if it’s fine tmrrw.
Althugh the place is quite pleasant, we shuld nt g there all the time.
判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：
1. We ften study Chinese histry n Friday afternn.2. The by wh ffered me his seat is called Tm.3. Bth Tm and Jack enjy cuntry music.4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Tw.
Belw is an intrductin n the hme page f a website fr teenagers. Match each sentence with the crrect type in the table belw. Write dwn the numbers.
(1) We knw that being a teenager is smetimes difficult. (2) S, we have designed TeenHealthWeb t help yu alng the jurney t adulthd. (3) Our website has many articles abut teenagers’ physical and mental health.
Cmplex sentence
Simple sentence
(4)Yu can lk thrugh these articles t find advice n yur prblem. (5) It may nt have been addressed befre, but dn’t wrry. (6)Yu can visit the "teen health" frum n ur website instead. (7)We are prud t say this frum is the heart f ur website. (8) Users are encuraged t pst their prblems, and they will get advice frm health experts and ther frum users.
Cmpund sentence
(9) Befre yu write yur pst, hwever, take a lk at ther users’ psts first. (10) It is likely that the matter has already been discussed n ur frum. (11) If yur prblem is a new ne, write a pst abut it. (12) Our health experts will be glad t tell yu what steps yu can take t imprve yur situatin. (13) There is a lt t see, s take sme time t lk arund ur website!
1, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
? A simple sentence is made up f ne independent clause which has ne subject-verb cmbinatin.? A cmpund sentence cntains tw r mre main clauses. We use linking wrds such as (1) ____, r, (2) ____, s r fr t link the clauses.
Wrking ut the rules
? A cmplex sentence cntains ne main clause and at least ne subrdinate clause. A subrdinate clause can be the subject, predicative, bject, attributive r adverbial f the sentence.
1. Yur passwrd shuld be at least eight characters lng. This makes it difficult t guess.
B. Applying the rules
Yur passwrd shuld be at least eight characters lng because this makes it difficult t guess.
Belw are sme tips n hw t use TeenHealthWeb. Jin each pair f sentences t frm a cmpund r cmplex sentence.
2. Psts shuld nt give ut persnal infrmatin. They shuld nt include advertisements.
Psts shuld nt give ut persnal infrmatin and they shuld nt include advertisements.
3. Describe yur prblems clearly. Other peple can understand them easily.
Describe yur prblems clearly s ther peple can understand them easily.
4. The experts will reply t yu. They see yur psts.5. What d yu think f ur frum? Let us knw.
The experts will reply t yu as sn as/when/nce they see yur psts.
Let us knw what yu think f ur frum.
Teresa is talking t her friend Jack abut her parents. Cmplete the cnversatin with the crrect linking wrds in the bx belw.
and because but hw if that unless why
Teresa: I'm under a lt f stress these days (1) ________ my parents are always cmparing me with my friends. They’re never satisfied (2) ________ I d better than all my friends --in schlwrk, in hbbies, in everything!
Jack: That’s terrible. I can see ( 3) ______ yu’re anxius. Yu shuld tell yur parents (4) _____ yu're trying yur best. There's n pint in cmparing yu with thers all the time. Everyne is unique. Teresa: I knw, (5) ______ my parents dn't seem t understand that. (6) ______ they cntinue like this, I'll lse cnfidence in myself.
Jack: I think yur parents are t strict with yu. Dn’t take a passive rle in the relatinship. Talk t them. Let them knw (7) _______ yu feel. Smetimes, cmpetitin can push yu t d better. Right nw, it's just making yu anxius and having a bad influence n yur perfrmance.
Teresa: Thank yu, Jack. I'll try talking t my parents. Jack: Cheer up, Teresa. They'll understand (8) ______ everything will turn ut all right!
In pairs r grups, rle-play a cnversatin between Teresa and her parent(s) using simple, cmpund and cmplex sentences. The beginning has been given.
Teresa: Hi Mum! Can we please talk?Mther: Sure, dear. What’s the matter?…

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Unit 2 Let's talk teens

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年級(jí)： 必修 第一冊(cè)

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