
?
考點(diǎn)一:定語從句
1、技法巧圖解
2. 高考真題體驗(yàn)
1、(2022年全國高考甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8歲時(shí)因一次車禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^了三個(gè)省的40個(gè)城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知,此處是非限定性定語從句,先行詞為Cao Shengkang,指人,在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
2、 (2022年全國新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù),并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞等于關(guān)系詞,設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語,先行詞為species,且先行詞前為all修飾,只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。
3、【2020年全國新高考I卷】The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________opened in 1759
【解析】句意為:例如,漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件藏品是1759年開放的大英博物館的核心藏品。分句子成分可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞 the British Museum(指物)且在從句中充當(dāng)主語,故填 which或that。
4、【2020年全國高考I 卷】 Because the moon'' s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【解析】句意為:由于月球自身遮擋了(地球)與探測器之間直接的無線電通信,中國必須先將一顆衛(wèi)星送入月球上方軌道的一個(gè)位置,在那里它能夠向航天器和地球發(fā)送信號。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞spot,且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用 where引導(dǎo),故填 where
5、【2020年全國高考Ⅲ 卷】 In ancient China lived an artist ________paintings were almost lifelike.
【解析】句意為:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫作幾乎栩栩如生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞 artist,,且在從句中作 paintings的定語,兩者之間是所屬關(guān)系,應(yīng)用 whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填 whose.。
6、【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞為the pet shop,在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語,故用which。
7、【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好,它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人),且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。
8、 【2019·浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【解析】考查定語從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語從句,先行詞是cloth,指物,從句中缺少主語,因此,可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
9、【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大學(xué))更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué),表示地點(diǎn),作狀語。故用where。
10、【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。___3___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句,修飾先行詞those,空格處在句中作主語,代指人,故填who或that。
11、【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).
【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞,其在定語從句中作主語,故填that
或which。
12、【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動(dòng)詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
13、【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句中包含定語從句,先行詞是westerners指人,在定語從句中做主語,用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo),故填who/that。
3、應(yīng)試指南
語法填空解題策略
1. 確定定語從句關(guān)系詞的解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。
2. 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)遵循“缺什么, 補(bǔ)什么”的原則
(1)如果先行詞指人, 定語從句中缺少主語, 限制性定語從句中用who/that; 非限制性定語從句中用who。
(2)如果先行詞指人, 定語從句中缺少賓語, 限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定語從句中用whom。
(3)如果先行詞指物, 定語從句中缺少主語或賓語, 限制性定語從句中用which/that; 非限制性定語從句用which。
(4)如果先行詞指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn), 定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語, 則用when或where; 如果缺少主語或賓語, 則用that或which。
(5)在“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如果先行詞指人, 則關(guān)系詞用whom; 如果先行詞指物, 則用which。
4、高考考點(diǎn)透析
重點(diǎn) 定語從句★★★★★
考點(diǎn)1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
who和whom指人。who在定語從句中作主語; whom在定語從句中作賓語,在限制性定語從句中可省略。在口語中可用who代替whom。whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語,指物時(shí)可用of which代替,指人時(shí)可用of whom代替。
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者,在其他領(lǐng)域常常會失敗。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
我的大兒子目前在紐約,他的工作讓他全世界到處跑。
2.6種只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況
(1)、先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代詞時(shí)。(如先行詞指人,可用who代替that)
(2)、先行詞被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)。(如先行詞指人,可用who代替that)
(3)、先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)。
(4)、先行詞被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修飾時(shí)。(如先行詞指人,可用who代替that)
(5)、先行詞含有人和物兩者時(shí)。
(6)、先行詞在主句中作表語,或關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。
3.4種只用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況
(1)、先行詞為物,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。
(2)、先行詞為物,關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語,且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)。
(3)、先行詞本身是that時(shí)。
(4)、引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念時(shí)。
4.a(chǎn)s, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),指代整個(gè)主句,意為“正如,正像”, as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在主句之前、之后或句中; which引導(dǎo)定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容時(shí),通常位于主句之后或句中。
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如報(bào)道的那樣,吸煙者的數(shù)量僅在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。
He failed in the exam, which made his father very angry.
他在考試中失利,這使得他爸爸非常生氣。
[提示]
as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語中:
①、as (it) often happens, as I can remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。
②、“such/so ... that ... ”表示“如此……以至于……”的意思,用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句;而“such/so ... as ...”表示“像……這樣……”的意思,用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等。
③、“the same ... that ... ”表示同一個(gè)人或物,而“the same ... as ...”表示同一類的人或物。
考點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞及其作用
先行詞
關(guān)系
副詞
在從句中
的作用
與“介詞+關(guān)系
代詞”的關(guān)系
表示時(shí)間的名詞:time, day, year等。
when
作時(shí)間狀語
=at/in/on/
during which
表示場所的名詞:park, place, country, house等。
where
作地點(diǎn)狀語
=in/at/to/on
which
表示理由的名詞:the reason。
why
作原因狀語
=for which
[提示]
(1)、當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如point, situation, case, stage等時(shí),如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。
(2)、先行詞occasion意為“時(shí)機(jī)”時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when;意為“場合”時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where。
(3)、當(dāng)先行詞way意為“方法、方式”,且在從句中作狀語時(shí),可用that, in which或省略關(guān)系詞這三種形式。
He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
在他生活的那個(gè)時(shí)代,盲人是接受不了什么教育的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
我和朋友一起登上了山頂,在山頂上我們欣賞到了湖光美景。
I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him.
我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步。
考點(diǎn)3 介詞+關(guān)系代詞
若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom,指物時(shí)常用which。另外, whose也可以放在介詞后,即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信賴的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷從房間里偷走包的那個(gè)人。
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.
→Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.
上星期日我從書店買了一些書,其中三本是英文小說。
[提示]
注意“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely.
他用英語給我們講了一個(gè)故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from Haidian District.
我們年級大約有400名學(xué)生,其中大多數(shù)來自海淀區(qū)。
考點(diǎn)二:名詞性從句
1、技法巧圖解
2. 高考真題體驗(yàn)
1、(2022年浙江高考1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:為了她的派對,Cobb開始詢問邀請她發(fā)言的會議組織者是否可以遠(yuǎn)程發(fā)言。分析句子可知,ask sb. sth.,該空引導(dǎo)的從句也是ask的賓語,即賓語從句,賓語從句不缺成分,缺句意“是否”,whether/if意為“是否”,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,符合語境,故填whether/if。
2、(2021年全國新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【解析】考查主語從句。句意:這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語從句,從句缺乏主語,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo),指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。
3.(2021年北京高考卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:這個(gè)可憐的老婦人無法告訴他她住在哪里。介詞about后是賓語從句,根據(jù)句意,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,需用連接副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
4、(2020年北京高考卷)Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it’s possible. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【詳解】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意:奧利弗說,如果你足夠幸運(yùn),身邊有一個(gè)喜歡烹飪的人,問問他們你是否可以在可能的時(shí)候加入。____ you can join in when it’s possible是賓語從句,從句成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。
5、(2019年全國高考I卷) While they are rare north of88 ,there is evidence_________ hey range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【解析】句意為:雖然它們很少出現(xiàn)在北緯88度(的地區(qū)),但有證據(jù)表明,它們的活動(dòng)范圍遍及整個(gè)北極地區(qū),最南可至加拿大的詹姆斯灣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句為 there be句型,且結(jié)構(gòu)完整,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞 evidence的內(nèi)容,故填that。
6、(2018年全國高考III卷)I' n not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly
appears out of nowhere.
【解析】句意為:我不確定誰感到更驚恐,是我還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句缺主語,根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的 me or the female gorilla可知,設(shè)空處表示“誰”,故應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)該從句。
3、應(yīng)試指南
語法填空解題策略 名詞性從句做題兩步驟
第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;
第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;
①、 若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語, 用連接代詞;
②、 若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;
③、 如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if;
④、 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。
4、高考考點(diǎn)透析
重點(diǎn)一 賓語從句★★★★★
1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞that, whether, if;連接代詞what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等;連接副詞when, where, why, how等;從句用陳述語序。
We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我們許諾,任何參加這個(gè)聚會的人都有跟那個(gè)電影明星合影的機(jī)會。
I truly believe that beauty comes from within.
我確信美來自內(nèi)在。
What we should take with us depends on where we'll stay.
我們需要隨身帶什么東西,取決于我們將在什么地方停留。
2.it作形式賓語的賓語從句
(1)、一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),則需要用it作形式賓語,而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明會議不會被推遲。
(2)、動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”“厭惡”等的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等,常用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。
I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的時(shí)候,我會確保把他照顧好。
重點(diǎn)二 主語從句和表語從句★★★★★
1.主語從句
(1)、that連接從句時(shí),沒有具體意思,不充當(dāng)句子成分,只是起標(biāo)志性的作用,但that不能省略。what引導(dǎo)時(shí),既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分,又有意義。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我從來沒想到你會成功地說服他改變主意。
(2)、whether連接從句時(shí),表示懷疑,不能省略,意為“是否”,在句首時(shí)不能用if替換。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
究竟此事對我們有害還是有利,還有待觀察。
(3)、連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能省略,并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
Who will take over the company has not been decided.
誰將接管公司還沒定好。
(4)、用it作形式主語的常用句型:
①、It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that從句;
②、It+be+名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that從句;
③、It+be+過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+that從句;
④、It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that從句。
It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.
很遺憾我錯(cuò)過了昨晚舉行的聚會。
It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.
據(jù)報(bào)道,該事故源于(司機(jī)的)粗心駕駛。
(5)、在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。
2.表語從句
在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
你在說人人應(yīng)該平等,這是我所不贊同的。
No changes have taken place in the village. It remains what it used to be.
這個(gè)村子一直未發(fā)生變化,它仍是過去的樣子。
The reason why he missed classes was that he was ill in hospital.
他缺課的原因是他生病住院了。
重點(diǎn)三 同位語從句★★★★★
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,位于該名詞之后,用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
1、that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
that在其引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,但不可省略。
●Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. 多年研究發(fā)現(xiàn):有證據(jù)表明孩子的早期睡眠問題很有可能在他們長大后仍然存在
●Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 溫居聚會的名字源于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),很久以前人們會帶木柴作為喬遷禮物。
2 、whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),在從句中不作成分,意為“是否”,不能省略,不能用誑替換。
●He asked her a question whether they can be friends他問了她一個(gè)問題:他們能否成為朋友。
3、疑問詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
疑問詞how, where,when,why等引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。
●He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我們展示了他是如何解決那個(gè)問題的。
4、常見的后跟同位語從句的名詞有:
demand要求 advice建議 conclusion結(jié)論 hope希望 doubt懷疑 fact事實(shí) formation信息 message消息 idea主意 news消息 order命令 problem問題 promise諾言 question問題 request 請求 suggestion建議 thought想法 truth事實(shí) wish愿望 desire渴望;欲望 word消息
●When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的消息傳來時(shí),他決定去參軍
●I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
我對自己承諾:今年,也就是我高中的第一年,會有所不同
重點(diǎn)四 連詞whether和if在名詞性從句中的使用★★★★★
1. 用whether或if均可的情況
(1) 、whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)大部分動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句時(shí),兩者均可。
(2) 、it作形式主語,且主語從句在句末時(shí),兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語從句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用whether而不用if的情況
(1)、主語從句和賓語從句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)、引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)、引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.
(4)、引導(dǎo)詞與or not連用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)、引導(dǎo)詞后接to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)、有些動(dòng)詞如discuss, decide等后的賓語從句
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
(7)、避免用if引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生歧義
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
三維考場·全面提能
維度1 提分訓(xùn)練
單句語法填空
定語從句
1.We employed a foreigner as our coach, for ______ life here in China was totally different.
【答案】whom
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:我們雇了一個(gè)外國人當(dāng)教練,對他來說在中國的生活完全不同??仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞a foreigner,指人,在定語從句中作介詞for的賓語,需用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)。故填whom。
2.The weather in Chongqing was so unbearable, many visitors complained about a lot.?
【答案】as
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:重慶的天氣令人難以忍受,正如很多游客抱怨的那樣。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是上文整個(gè)句子,從句缺少賓語,且意為“正如”,應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)。故填as。
3.I didn’t believe the reason ______ he referred to the other day at the press conference.
【答案】that/which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:我不相信他前幾天在新聞發(fā)布會上提到的原因。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞the reason指物,在定語從句中作賓語,需用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
4.It’s our honor to meet the chairman on this occasion ______ everybody is focusing on his talk.
【答案】when
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:我們很榮幸能在大家都在聽主席講話的時(shí)候見到他。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞occasion,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,需用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故填when。
5.She rushed back, only to see the bloody scene ______ his husband was lying dead.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:她沖回去,只看到血淋淋的場面,他的丈夫躺在那里死了??仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句,先行詞scene,在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,需用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
6.There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of ______ belong to one group.
【答案】whom
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:博物館里有一百人,其中大約三分之一屬于一個(gè)群體。分析句子可知,這里考查非限制性定語從句,先行詞為one hundred people,在從句中作主語,且在介詞of 后,所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。
7.Since laughter is much healthier than anger, a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation ______ has made you angry.
【答案】that/which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:因?yàn)樾Ρ壬鷼飧】?,處理憤怒的一個(gè)好方法就是從讓你生氣的情況中尋找幽默??崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是定語從句,從句中缺少主語,先行詞situation意為“情況”,因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞that/which。故填that/which。
8.The hard truth is that a day will come ______ there is little or no exploitable coal, oil or natural gas anywhere.
【答案】when
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:殘酷的事實(shí)是,總有一天,世界各地可開采的煤炭、石油或天然氣將很少或根本沒有。空格處引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,從句中不缺主語或賓語,先行詞day是時(shí)間,因此空格處用關(guān)系副詞when,故填when。
9.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
【答案】which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:通過服務(wù)他人,一個(gè)人關(guān)注的是別人而不是自己,這是非常開闊眼界和有益的。分析句子可知,這里考查非限制性定語從句,從句中缺主語,且代指前面整件事情,所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
10.It is important to create an atmosphere _______wild ideas are honored rather than dismissed.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:創(chuàng)造一種能讓狂野的想法被尊重而不是消除的氛圍非常重要。關(guān)系詞指代先行詞atmosphere,并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故填where。
11.The reason ________ I was late was that I got up late.
【答案】why
【詳解】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意:我遲到的原因是我起晚了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“________ I was late”為定語從句,空格處用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作原因狀語,先行詞是reason“原因”,故用關(guān)系副詞why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填why。
12.Orientation Day is a fantastic opportunity ________ new students get to know the school and the other students.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:迎新日是新生了解學(xué)校和其他同學(xué)的絕佳機(jī)會。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞 opportunity,從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
13.I saw a man stepping into a car ________ door was half-open.
【答案】whose
【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞 。句意:我看到一個(gè)人走進(jìn)一輛車門半開的汽車。該空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞是a car,與從句名詞door 形成所屬關(guān)系,即a car’s door ,用關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中做定語。故填whose。
14.Now Emily Johnson works all day long on the organization “Go Funding Me” in Macclesfield, _________ she manages with her partner Mr. Lee.
【答案】which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:現(xiàn)在,艾米莉·約翰遜整天都在麥斯菲的“Go Funding Me”組織工作,該組織由她和合伙人李先生一起管理。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,修飾前面的名詞organization,這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少賓語,先行詞表示物,應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
15.Please read the labels __________ information includes shelf life, nutrition information and way of storage.
【答案】whose
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:請閱讀標(biāo)簽,其信息包括保質(zhì)期、營養(yǎng)信息和儲存方式。在定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語或表語,且information和先行詞labels構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose表示“……的”引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填whose。
16.You will mainly learn Chinese food ________ is deeply loved by Chinese.
【答案】which/that
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:你將主要學(xué)習(xí)深受中國人喜愛的中餐。分析句子可知,句子為限制性定語從句,先行詞為“Chinese food”,指物,在從句中作主語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞“which”或“that”引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。
17.Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those ________ constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.
【答案】that/which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:易于理解的詩歌往往不如那些不斷揭示更深層次和以前未被認(rèn)識到的含義的詩有趣。分析句子可知,those后面的句子為定語從句,先行詞為those,指代poems。先行詞為物,定語從句缺主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填that/which。
18.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, ______ was a big challenge for me.
【答案】which
【詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意:我被要求用流程圖來解釋這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,這對我來說是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。此處是非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系詞指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容,在并在從句中做主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
19.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communications, we had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot, ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:因?yàn)樵虑驌踝×伺c探測器的直接無線電通訊,我們首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn),人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號。分析句子可知,空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞是a spot,關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
20.The famous scientist made another wonderful discovery, ______ is of great importance to science.
【答案】which
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:這位著名的科學(xué)家又做了一個(gè)奇妙的發(fā)現(xiàn),這對科學(xué)非常重要。分析可知,空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是discovery,關(guān)系詞代替它在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
21.______ is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.
【答案】As
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:正如報(bào)告所示,在過去的兩個(gè)月里,這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量有所改善。as在非限定性定語從句,在從句中作主語,as有“正如”之意。根據(jù)句意,故填A(yù)s。
22.The factory ______ we’ll visit next week is not far from here.
【答案】which/that
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:我們下周要參觀的那個(gè)工廠距離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。分析可知,______ we’ll visit next week在句中為定語從句,先行詞為factory,空處指代先行詞,在從句中作visit的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。
23.The man, ______ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
【答案】from
【詳解】考查介詞。句意:這人是一位工程師,我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。句中關(guān)系代詞whom代指非限定性定語從句中先行詞The man,結(jié)合句意可知,表示“從那個(gè)男人那里我得到的消息”,所以用介詞from。根據(jù)句意,故填from。
24.All our classes are delivered by qualified educators, most of ________ are subject-matter experts.
【答案】whom
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:我們所有的課程都是由合格的教育工作者提供的,他們中的大多數(shù)是主題事實(shí)專家。分析句子可知,逗號后為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為educators,作從句中of的賓語,表示人,用whom。故填whom。
25.That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _______ had recently joined the shop.
【答案】who
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意:那天,和理發(fā)師一起來的還有一個(gè)新入店的助手。此處是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是an assistant,是人,在定語從句中作主語,因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填who。
26.It remains to be seen _______weather-tracking system can prevent many disasters.
【答案】whether/if
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意:天氣跟蹤系統(tǒng)能否預(yù)防許多災(zāi)害還有待觀察。it作為形式主語,空處引導(dǎo)主語從句,做真正的主語,從句成分完整,需用連接詞引導(dǎo)。it作為形式主語時(shí),表示“是否”可用whether或if引導(dǎo)主語從句。故填whether或if。
27.On 18 April 1955, it was reported _______Einstein had passed away.
【答案】that
【詳解】考查主語從句連接詞。句意:1955年4月18日,據(jù)報(bào)道愛因斯坦去世了。此處分析句子可知,此處用it作形式主語,后面為真正的主語從句,從句中不缺成分,沒有含義,故用that來引導(dǎo)主語從句;主語與report之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用it was reported that....表示“據(jù)報(bào)道”。故填that。
28.________ seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
【答案】What
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意:以前覺得奇怪的事現(xiàn)在對她來說很正常??崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是主語從句,從句中缺少主語,空格處意為“以前覺得奇怪的事”,空格處用what引導(dǎo)主語從句,位于句首,首字母大寫,故填What。
29.We have learned from the story that ________ is the most valuable is not what we have in our lives but ________ are in our lives.
【答案】???? what???? who
【詳解】考查主語從句及表語從句。句意:我們從這個(gè)故事中了解到,最有價(jià)值的不是我們在生活中擁有什么,而是我們生命中擁有的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,____ is the most valuable是主語從句,根據(jù)句意可知,該主語從句中缺少主語且表示“……事物”,故第一空填what。___ are in our lives作is的表語,是表語從句,缺少的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,表示“……的人”,故第二空填who。故答案為①what;②who。
30.________ you will go there hasn’t been decided.
【答案】Whether
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意:你是否去那兒還沒決定??仗幰龑?dǎo)主語從句,從句成分完整,但缺少“是否”之意,應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)。故填Whether。
31.My question is _______Einstein was still loved by his friends and neighbours even if he was forgetful.
【答案】that
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意:我的問題是,即使愛因斯坦健忘,他的朋友和鄰居仍然愛他。引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
32.You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only ________ you are a lawyer.
【答案】because
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意:你只是假定我想成為一名律師,但那只是因?yàn)槟闶且幻蓭?。分析句子可知,此處是表語從句,把“你是律師”理解為談話者做出假定的原因,應(yīng)用because“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)。故填because。
33.The task is too hard for us, and that is ________ I object to the plan.
【答案】why
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意:這個(gè)任務(wù)對我們來說太難了,這就是為什么我反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句,從中缺少原因狀語,意為“為什么”,故填why。
34.What I want to know is _________ you agree with my idea or not.
【答案】whether
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意:我想知道的是你是否同意我的想法。分析句子可知,句子為表語從句,空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句,根據(jù)句意“是否”和句中“or not”可知,空格處應(yīng)用“whether”,“whether…or not”意為“是否”。故填whether。
35.The problem is ________ we can get the things we need.
【答案】how
【詳解】考查表語從句。句意:問題是我們?nèi)绾文艿玫轿覀冃枰臇|西。分析句子可知,“is”后為表語從句,連接詞在從句中作狀語;根據(jù)句意表示“如何”應(yīng)用連接副詞how。故填how。
36.Can you share with us_______impressed you most about the movie?
【答案】what
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:你能和我們分享一下你對這部電影印象最深的地方嗎?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知, impressed you most about the movie是賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,指物,“什么”的意思。故填what。
37.Have you ever asked yourself ________ people often have trouble learning English?
【答案】why
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:你有沒有問過你自己為什么人們總是覺得學(xué)英語很難?分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句,連接詞在從句中作原因狀語,應(yīng)用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)。故填why。
38.Tommy was late again, but he was unwilling to tell his teacher ______ he had done that morning.
【答案】what
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:湯米又遲到了,但是他不愿意告訴他的老師他那天早上做了什么。根據(jù)空前tell his teacher可知,此處是賓語從句,連接詞在從句中作賓語,指代“做的事情”,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。
39.Only a few days after?I arrived in the?UK did I realize?________changeable the weather was.
【答案】how
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:在我到達(dá)英國后僅僅幾天,我就意識到了這里的天氣是多么變化無常。此處賓語從句,從句是感嘆句,由空后形容詞changeable可知,應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)。故填how。
40.One day, my five year old son asked me ______ there was ham in a hamburger.
【答案】whether
【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意:有一天,我五歲的兒子問我,漢堡包里是否有火腿。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,不充當(dāng)任何成分,表是否,故填whether。
41.Some people’s opinion _______advances in technology were unnecessary is nonsense.
【答案】that
【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意:有些人認(rèn)為技術(shù)進(jìn)步是不必要的,這是無稽之談??仗幰龑?dǎo)同位語從句,解釋說明opinion的具體內(nèi)容,從句的成分完整、句意完整,需用連詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
42.The question was brought to life again ________a person has the right to end his or her own life and a doctor has the right to assist.
【答案】whether
【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意:一個(gè)人是否有權(quán)利結(jié)束自己的生命以及醫(yī)生是否有權(quán)利協(xié)助自殺,這個(gè)問題又一次被提了出來。從句是對question內(nèi)容的解釋說明,故空處引導(dǎo)同謂語動(dòng)詞,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,缺少“是否”的含義,故填whether。
43.I have no idea _______the journalist could have got his information from.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意:我不知道這個(gè)記者從哪里得到的消息。idea后面的從句解釋idea的具體內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)同位語從句,表示從哪里獲得信息,用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
44.While making a paper work, I could easily work out the problem__________ I should do at each step.
【答案】what
【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意:在做文件工作的時(shí)候,我可以很容易地計(jì)算出每一步我應(yīng)該做什么。說明problem的內(nèi)容,同位語從句缺少賓語,故用what。故填what。
45.The news ______ our team has won the game is really encouraging.
【答案】that
【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意:我們隊(duì)贏得比賽的消息真是令人鼓舞。此處處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,對the news進(jìn)行解釋說明,從句句意完整、成分齊全,應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無實(shí)意的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
維度2 易錯(cuò)專練
用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空,注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的正確形式
The first blockbuster (大片) of China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday during grand expectations ____1____ it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.
“The Wandering Earth,” ____2____ (show) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour (吞噬) the Earth. It ____3____ (adapt) from works by Liu Cixin, the writer ____4____ has led a renaissance in science fiction here, ____5____ (become) the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award in 2015. His novels are splendid and ____6____ (deep) researched. That makes ____7____ (they) reasonable fantasies about humanity’s meeting with a dangerous universe. The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on ____8____ far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts ____9____ orbit and has ambitious plans to join—or even lead—a new age of space exploration.
“I think there is a very close _____10_____ (connect) between Chinese cinema and the nation’s fortunes,” said Sha Dan, a curator at the China Film Archive.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了“流浪地球”這部大片的開幕式、故事背景以及這部影片的意義。
【詳情解析】
1.考查同位語從句。句意:肩負(fù)著人們的厚望,中國第一部以太空為背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上映。這部電影被認(rèn)為將代表中國電影制作新時(shí)代的曙光。這是一個(gè)同位語從句,expectations的內(nèi)容就是it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking,并且從句部分是一個(gè)陳述句,故填that。
2.考查過去分詞作定語。句意:“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的,故事發(fā)生在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來?!癟he Wandering Earth”與show之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式作定語。故填shown。
3.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:電影改編于劉慈欣的作品,這位作家在中國引領(lǐng)了一場科幻小說復(fù)興,在2015年成為了贏得雨果獎(jiǎng)的第一名中國作家。全文使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以這句話也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語it指代的是“The Wandering Earth”,是第三人稱單數(shù),且是物作主語,所以語態(tài)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is adapted。
4.考查定語從句。句意同上。這是一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞為the writer,指人,從句缺主語,故填who/that。
5.考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意同上。這里的分詞作the writer的狀語,the writer與become之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填becoming。
6.考查副詞。句意:劉慈欣的小說敘事宏大,背景研究細(xì)致入微??崭裉巻卧~修飾動(dòng)詞researched,應(yīng)用副詞形式,故填deeply。
7.考查代詞。句意:這使得這些小說是關(guān)于人類和危險(xiǎn)的宇宙之間的合情合理的科幻小說。這里的they指代his novels,并且在句中作make的賓語,所以用代詞的賓格形式,故填them。
8.考查定冠詞。句意:宇宙探測器一月份落在月球背面。空格位于介詞后,名詞前,所以填冠詞。月球是獨(dú)一無二的,所以這里特指月球的背面。所以填定冠詞。故填the。
9.考查介詞。句意:雖然落后于俄羅斯和美國幾十年,但如今中國已經(jīng)將宇航員送入太空軌道。太空軌道是一個(gè)很大的范圍,所以進(jìn)入太空軌道用介詞in或者into。故填in/into。
10.考查名詞的單數(shù)形式。句意:中國電影資料館策展人沙丹說:“我認(rèn)為中國電影和中國國運(yùn)之間有著緊密聯(lián)系。”空格位于定冠詞和形容詞后,介詞前,所以用名詞形式,又有不定冠詞a修飾,所以用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填connection。
維度3 語篇訓(xùn)練
語法填空
(湖北省武漢市華師一附中2022-2023學(xué)年度畢業(yè)班階段性考試)Be cautious of Friday the 13th!Many people think the day is unlucky.___1___(fortune), there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes,you should try not ___2___(break)any mirrors,walk under a ladder,or even spill any salt. Why?Researchers say___3___ is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has ___4___(religion)origins. In the Christian faith,there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper,which was held the day before the Friday___5___Jesus died. Now,F(xiàn)riday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together,___6___(include)hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other___7___(explain)behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner,a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University,___8___(believe)Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be___9___there's nothing special about the number itself. After all,the number 13 ___10___(consider)to be lucky in some countries,like Italy
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文。在美國人們覺得星期五和數(shù)字13是不好的運(yùn)氣,在住酒店結(jié)婚等場合都避免使用它們。但是賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)教授Simon Bronner認(rèn)為只是人們把壞運(yùn)氣歸因于星期五和數(shù)字13。
【詳情解析】
1.考查副詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處的單詞是作狀語的,應(yīng)該用副詞。故填Fortunately。
2.考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“盡力做某事”,try not to do sth.盡力不做某事。故填to break。
3.考查it作形式主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,say后面是賓語從句,缺主語,分析句意可知,搞清楚這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)是怎樣產(chǎn)生的很難。不定式短語 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主語。為了保持句子平衡,應(yīng)該用it作形式主語,而把不定式短語放到后面。故填it。
4.考查形容詞。名詞origins應(yīng)該用形容詞來修飾。故填religious。
5.考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。the Friday為定語從句的先行詞,在后面從句中作時(shí)間狀語,星期前面用on,所以定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是when或on which。故填when。
6.考查介詞+doing用法。include是動(dòng)詞,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,整個(gè)句子是單句,include在這里不作謂語,需要用它的介詞形式,后面跟介詞賓語。故填including。
7.考查名詞。由前面的are和many可知,此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填explanations。
8.考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析上下文可知,此篇文章主要時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),本句主語是單數(shù),所以要用believe的單三形式。故填believes。
9.考查表語從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句中should be后面是表語從句,從句內(nèi)容完整。故填that。
10.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the number 13和consider是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又分析上文知道,這里應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),the number 13是單數(shù)主語,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),be動(dòng)詞用is。故填is considered。
這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題07高頻考點(diǎn)并列句、狀語從句及特殊句式與語法填空(含解析),共19頁。試卷主要包含了技法巧圖解等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題05高頻考點(diǎn)非謂語動(dòng)詞與語法填空(含解析),共17頁。試卷主要包含了技法巧圖解等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題04高頻考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致與語法填空(含解析),共29頁。試卷主要包含了技法巧圖解等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
微信掃碼,快速注冊
注冊成功