What Are They?
Let’s review
What Is Subject?
1.1 A tiger eats meat. S1.2 He is my father. S1.3. Mr. Wd is a teacher. S
a tiger
What Is Verb?
2.1 A tiger eats meat. V2.2 A fish can swim. V2.3. He desn’t like fruit. V
What Is Object?
3.1 A tiger eats meat. O3.2 I like it. O3. 3 He called Tm. O
What Is Predicative?
4.1 He lks fine. P 4.2 Yu are happy. P4.3 He became a teacher. P
lk, are, becme
= link verb
link verb
P cntains a verb!
What Is Adverbial?
5.1 He lives in Shenzhen. A 5.2 Yu g t schl by bus. A5.3 He was brn in 1918. A
What Is DO (Direct Objective )?
6.1 He gave me a pen. DO 6.2 We bught him a gift. DO6.3 He wrte me a letter. DO
What Is IO (Indirect Objective )?
7.1 He gave me a pen. IO 7.2 We bught Mr. Wd a gift. IO7.3 He wrte his mther a letter. IO
What Is C (Cmplement)?
8.1 The war made him a her. C 8.2 The fire left him hmeless. C8.3 He fund his glasses brken . C
Grup Discussin
1. Examine the sentence structures and see what parts are shared by all f them?
2. What part is mre stable and what part is the mst unstable in a sentence? Why?
Sentence StructureSV SVO SP SVIODO SVOC SVA SVOA
Answers t questins in Discussin
1. Parts shared by all f the structures:
2. “S” is the mre stable part; “V” is the mst unstable part.
Make a list f the “S” frms and the “V” frms that appear in the abve 19 ppts.
Learn t recgnize the structures
1. SV structure
1.1 A bird flies. S V 1.2 Mnkeys jumped. S V 1.3 He was sleeping. S V
In SV structure, verbs are intransitive.
Can yu make a “SV” sentence?
2. SVO structure
2.1 A sheep eats grass. S V O 2.2 Mnkeys like bananas. S V O2.3 He wants sme candy. S V O
In SVO structure, verbs are transitive.
Please make a SVO sentence!
3. SP structure
3.1 This is great S P3.2 He lks well. S P3.3 She became a teacher. S P
In SP structure, P refers t “l(fā)ink verb + adjective / nun”.Link verbs: be, feel, taste, smell, grw, becme, etc.
Let’s try making a SP sentence with “grw”!
4. SV IO DO structure
4.1 He asked me a questin. S V IO DO4.2 Danny wrte his mm a letter. S V IO DO4.3 She bught Mr. Wd a bk. S V IO DO
In SV IO DO structure, verbs are transitive and are fllwed by IO and DO.
Find a SVIODO sentence in yur textbk and share it with the class!
5. SVOC structure
5.1 The war made him a her. S V O C5.2 They fund his cat dead. S V O C5.3 She called him Mr. Wd. S V O C
In SVOC structure, an implied lgical relatin exists between O and C. In Example 5.1, the relatin between “him” and “a her” is suppsed t be -“he is a her”.
What’s the relatin between “his cat” and “dead” in 5.2?
6. SVA structure
6.1 It rained heavily. S V A6.2 He cughed badly. S V A6.3 The rabbit ran in the wds. S V A
In SVA structure, adverbial is usually at the end f the sentence.
Please give anther example f SVA structure!
7. SVOA structure
7.1 A sheep is eating grass ver there. S V O A7.2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen. S V O A7.3 They liked the film very much. S V O A
In SVOA structure, the verb is transitive and is fllwed by an bject and an adverbial.
8. “There be…” structure
8.1 There is an apple n the table. V S A7.2 There are seven days in a week. V S A7.3 There is milk and bread. V S
In “there be…” structure, S and V are inverted. V’s number is decided by the very first nun f S.
Let’s practise.
Exercise 1: Read the sentencs and analyse the structures.
(1) I have learning gals.(2) He wrks hard. (3) He never watches TV at night.(4) A fish swims. (5) I was writing him an email.(6) They left the by starved t death.Yu feel tired. There were sme children n the playgrund.
(1) I have learning gals. (SVO)(2) He wrks hard. (SVA)(3) He never watches TV at night. (SVOA)(4) A fish swims. (SV)(5) I was writing him an email. (SV IO DO)(6) They left the by starved t death. (SVOC)Yu feel tired. (SP)There were sme children n the playgrund. (VS)
Answers t Exercise 1
Exercise 2: Analyse the structures f the underlined sentences in the passage.
Answers t Exercise 2:
1. Lang Ping brught hnur and glry t her cuntry. S V DO IO2. She led the China wmen’s vlleyball team t medals at … Olympics. S V O AThe team was falling apart. S V ALsing tw imprtant players was a big challenge. S PShe had faced difficulties befre. S V O AThey were wrld champins! S P
Exercise 3: Find the differences – SP vs. SVA
The by lks great. S PThe by wrked very hard. S V A
Any differences between “great” and “very hard”?
Answer t “the differences f SP vs. SVA”
1. P in “SP” means “l(fā)ink verb” + “adj. / nun”2. VA means “intransitive verb”+ adverb3. Fr example: lk great (lk: link verb; great: adj.) P (link verb + adj.) wrk hard (wrk: vi. ; hard: adv.) V A (vi. + adv.)
Exercise 4: Find the differences – SVOC vs. SVOA
The news made me happy. S V O CThe mther missed her kid badly. S V O A
happy vs. badlyDifferencces?
Answer t “the differences – SVOC vs. SVOA”
1. “C” means “nuns / adjectives.”2. “A” means “adverbs / prepsitinal phrases”
The news made me in the rm.
In this perid, we’ve learned abut sme imprtant cncepts f syntax.The definitins f S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, CMrphlgic features f S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, CThe particular features f Verbs decide all the varieties f the basic sentence structures.4. The significance f learning verb patterns
Recite the cncepts f S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, C.Finish Ex. 2 and Ex. 3 n page 5.Think abut the significance f distinguishing “vi.” frm “vt.”

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