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一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．friction n．　　　　　　 不和，沖突
2．memorial n. 紀念碑
3．justice n. 公正，正義
4．prejudice n. 偏見
5．furnished adj. 配有家具的
6．a(chǎn)lcoholic n. 酗酒者，酒鬼
7．tailor n. 裁縫
8．a(chǎn)dolescence n. 青少年時期
9．union n. 聯(lián)合會，工會
10．nutrition n. 營養(yǎng)
11．tip n. 有用的建議
12．a(chǎn)llowance n. 零用錢；津貼
13．weep vt.& vi. 哭泣，流淚
14．salute vt. 向……致敬
15．theoretical adj. 理論的
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．betray vt. 出賣，背叛
2．compromise n. 妥協(xié)，讓步
3．classify vt. 把……分類
4．fortnight n. 兩星期
5．subscribe vi. 訂閱(雜志或報紙)
6．shoot vt.& vi. 射擊
7．pile n. 堆
8．greet vt. 問候，致意
9．remark vt. 說起，談到
10．swear vi. 發(fā)誓
11．a(chǎn)cquaintance n. 相識的人
12．handful n. 少數(shù)，一些
13．sponsor vt. 贊助
14．a(chǎn)rbitrary adj. 任意的
15．unfit adj. 不健壯的
16．unconscious adj. 失去知覺的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．immigration n．移民入境→immigrate vi.移民
2．expose vt.使置身于危險中；暴露→exposure n．暴露→exposed adj.無遮蔽的
3．departure n．離開，離去→depart vi.離開
4．a(chǎn)ppoint vt.任命，委任→appointment n．任命，委任；約定
5．possession n．私有物品→possess vt.擁有，占有
6．contradict vt.反駁，糾正→contradictory adj.反駁的
7．security n．安全→secure adj.可靠的→securely adv.安全地；牢固地
8．representative n．代表→represent vt.代表
9．distribute vt.分發(fā)，分配→distribution n．分配，配給→distributor n．經(jīng)銷商；分銷商
10．consume vt.喝；消費，消耗→consumer n．消費者
11．strengthen vt.(使)變強，加強→strength n．力量；力氣
12．intend vt.想要，打算→intention n．意圖；意向；目的→intended adj.打算的；計劃的
13．expense n．費用，開支→expensive adj.貴的

1.朋友和周圍的人
①partner n．　　　 伙伴；同伴
②fellow n. 同伴；伙伴
③acquaintance n. 相識的人
④roommate n. 室友，舍友
⑤companion n. 同伴；同事；伴侶
⑥colleague n. 同事，同僚
⑦teammate n. 隊友
2.“經(jīng)濟活動”相關(guān)動詞小結(jié)
①distribute　　　 分發(fā)，分配
②invest 投資
③bid 出價；投標(biāo)
④advertise 做廣告
⑤compete 競爭
⑥promote 促銷
⑦sponsor 贊助
3.聚焦“un-”前綴形容詞
①uncertain　　　 不確定的
②uncommon 不常有的
③unconscious 失去知覺的
④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unaware 不知道的
⑥unfortunate 不幸的
⑦unfair 不公平的
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．hand__over　　　　　　　 把……交給
2．in__a__flash 瞬間，即刻
3．stand__up__for 保護，維護
4．talk__sth.over__with__sb. 與……詳細討論……
5．call__in 請(某人)
6．have__a__gift__for 有……的天賦
7．keep__off 減去
8．hold__out (在困境中)堅持
9．call__on 要求……介入
10．keep__one’s__word 遵守諾言
11．come__about 發(fā)生
12．look__down__on 看不起……
13．sort__out 解決(問題或困難)
14．bring__sth.on__sb. 給某人招來(不愉快的)事情
15．put__forward 提議，提出
16．give__in 讓步，屈服
17．send__for 派人去叫……

1.stand短語集訓(xùn)營
①stand up for　　 支持，維護
②stand for 代表；象征；主張
③stand out 突出，顯眼；杰出
④stand back 向后退
⑤stand aside 靠邊站；不參與
⑥stand by 支持；袖手旁觀
2.keep短語大團圓
①keep in touch with　　 與……保持聯(lián)系
②keep pace with 與……并駕齊驅(qū)
③keep away (from) (使)避開；不接近
④keep off (使)避開；讓開
⑤keep an eye on 照看；留意
⑥keep up with 跟上；不落后
3.“v.＋in”常用短語
①take in　　 理解，欺騙
②turn in 上交
③break in 闖入
④give in 屈服，讓步
⑤result in 導(dǎo)致
⑥bring in 引進
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：no sooner...than...意為“一……就……”，no sooner放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝
No__sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.
他們剛搬過去，噪音就開始了，他們幾乎沒有睡過一個整夜的覺。
句型2：while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”，常用于句首
McKay’s wife，Laurene told us that while McKay is usually a peaceful person, he had been driven to this act of violence by getting wet just once too often.　麥凱的妻子勞倫娜告訴我們，雖然麥凱通常是一個很平和的人，他因為多次被淋濕也被迫做出這樣的暴力舉動。
句型3：the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..意為“越……，就越……”
In fact，the__more I use the bike，the__more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully.
事實上，雖然我按照說明認真去做，但是我騎車的次數(shù)越多，體重增加的就越多。
二、語境強化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．My daughter comes to visit me once every fortnight(兩星期)．
2．Many children are so unfit(不健壯的) that they are unable to do even basic exercises.
3．Please could you sponsor(贊助) me for my school’s campaign for Help the Aged?
4．In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile(堆) of books on it.
5．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)With food our biggest weekly household expense(開支), Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.
6．He has some acquaintance(acquaint) with pop music, but doesn’t know much.
7．Tom is very angry because his brother is in possession(possess) of all the businesses.
8．Why are we releasing this silver dollar for such a remarkable(remark) price?
9．Since he is a representative(represent) of our company, what he says and what he does represent our company.
10．I intended to have informed(inform) him of the news, but I forgot it.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The distributor had sent the goods to the area and the group organized the distribution and they distributed the goods among the people.(distribute)
2．The immigrants immigrated from Africa into this area about forty years ago and the local government was tired of the immigration．(immigrate)
3．She is trying to look for a secure job and it will offer her financial security,__for she wants to take charge of her own life securely．(secure)
4．Through TV, kids have regular exposure to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids to such things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expose)
5．I intended to carry out the plan intended for the children with the intention of helping the children.(intend)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
talk...over with; look into; come about; send for; be exposed to; give in
1．Exposed__to so many difficulties, the young manager 2.talked__them__over__with his colleagues. First, he remarked that they should 3.look__into the matter and find out how it 4.came__about. Then he intended to 5.send__for the experts to help solve the problems. Finally, he pointed that everybody should work hard and never 6.give__in to any difficulty.
have no gift for; look down on; sort out; keep one’s word; put forward; hold out
When I was seven, my mother 7.put__forward that I should learn an instrument.After discussing, I decided to learn playing the guitar.But after several classes, the teacher told my mother that I 8.had__no__gift__for it. And my classmates often 9.looked__down__on me because of my poor performance.All of these made me upset and discouraged.But my mother told me that practice makes perfect and she promised that she would accompany me to 10.sort__out the difficulties all the time. She 11.kept__her__word and we together 12.held__out. As a result, now I can play the guitar skillfully.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我們剛離開村子，天就下起雨來了。
No__sooner__had__we__left the village than it began to rain.
2．盡管我同意你的理由，但我不能允許這樣做。
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it.
3．戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)得越久，那里的人們受難就越多。
The__longer__the__war__lasts,__the more the people will suffer.


betray　vt.顯露出(本來面目)；泄露(秘密)；出賣，背叛
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he betrayed himself(he)．
②The man was arrested for having betrayed(betray) state secrets to that country.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他一言不發(fā)，只是點頭，因為一開口就可能會露出破綻。
He nodded his head instead of saying anything because his__voice__might__betray__himself．
④他顫抖的聲音暴露了他極力掩飾的慌張。
His trembling voice betrayed__the__worry that he was trying to hide.

betray...to...　　　 將……出賣(泄露)給……
betray one’s trust 辜負某人的信任
betray oneself 暴露本來面目；原形畢露　
[佳句背誦] ①She realized that one of her friends must have betrayed her.
她意識到她的朋友中肯定有一個人出賣了她。
②It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!
這樣一個老實人竟會出賣朋友，真難以置信！
compromise　n．妥協(xié)，讓步；和解；折衷　v．妥協(xié)，讓步；違背；放棄
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Sometimes, it’s necessary to compromise with your friends when you want to keep the friendship.
②It is really important for parents to reach a compromise between what they want and what their kids desire.
③If we all agree to make a compromise with each other when we are in disputes, we are surely living in peace.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④經(jīng)過激烈的討論，最終他們就這個問題的解決方法達成妥協(xié)。
After a heated discussion, they finally__compromised__on__the__solution__to__the__problem．

(1)reach/come to a compromise 和解；達成一 種妥協(xié)
make a compromise with... 與……妥協(xié)
(2)compromise with sb. 與某人和解
compromise on sth. 就某事折衷　
[佳句背誦] He did not compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.　雖然他不容易妥協(xié)，但是為了值得奮斗的事業(yè)愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的意見。
expose　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨；使置于危險中
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷)For one thing, when you come to China, you can be__exposed(expose) to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.
②Being__exposed(expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達)Children are exposed to difficult situations.They are better at handling challenging situations.
(高級表達)Exposed__to__difficult__situations，children are better at handling challenging situations.(分詞作狀語)

(1)expose...to...　　　　 暴露……給……；
使……接觸……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to　　　 遭受到；(使)接觸到
[佳句背誦]
In order to expose international students to our tea culture，we took them to the tea room in our school.
為了讓外國學(xué)生體驗中國茶文化，我們把他們帶到我們學(xué)校的品茶室。(2018·北京卷)
appoint　v．任命，委任；約定
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2018·北京卷)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
b．My patient didn’t turn up at the appointed(appoint) time, that is, she broke an appointment.
②(浙江卷)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to__guard(guard) her.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達)Tom was__appointed__as(任命為) manager of the firm and he spared no effort to work for it.
④(高級表達)Appointed__as__manager__of__the__firm,__Tom spared no effort to work for it.(過去分詞短語作狀語)

(1)appointment n．　　　 任命，指派；約會，約定
make/have an appointment with sb.
與某人約會
keep/break an appointment
守/失約
(2)appoint...(as)＋職位 任命……為……
appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 指定的；約定的　
[詞塊助記]
the appointed hour of the ceremony既定的典禮時間
appoint a new headteacher at my school我的學(xué)校任命了一位新校長
possession　n．私有物品；擁有，占有
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(安徽卷)We need to repair our possessions(possess) instead of throwing them away.
②It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we possess(possession) right now.
③We can’t take possession(possess) of this house until all the papers have been signed.
④Although he doesn’t possess much money, he is possessed of good health.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
據(jù)我所知， 他擁有一個大公司。
⑤As far as I know, he is in__possession__of a large company.
⑥As far as I know, a large company is in__the__possession__of him.
⑦As far as I know, he possesses a large company.

(1)be in possession of sth. 擁有/占有某物
be in the possession of sb./be in one’s possession
為某人所有；歸某人所有
take possession of 占領(lǐng)；奪取
(2)possess vt. 擁有；具有；支配
be possessed of 擁有 　
[佳句背誦] The manuscript is just one of the treasures in their possession.
這部手稿只是他們的珍藏之一。
[名師點津] in possession of 表示主動， 其主語通常是人， 意為“占有……”； in the possession of 表示被動， 其主語通常是物， 意為“被……占有”。
remark　n．評論；談?wù)摗．評論；說起，談到
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Tom left the office, remarking(remark) that he had some important work to do.
②President Xi Jinping made a remarkable speech on the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit. His remarks inspired all the Chinese people.(remark)
[能力提升]——一句多譯
對別人的相貌評頭論足是沒有禮貌的。
③It’s impolite to make__a__remark__on/about__the__appearance__of__others．(remark n．)
④It’s impolite to remark__on/upon__the__appearance__of__others．(remark v．)

(1)remark on/upon　　 就……發(fā)表意見/評論
remark that... 談到；說起
(2)make a remark on/about
就……發(fā)表意見；
對……評頭論足
(3)remarkable adj. 值得注意的；
顯著的；非凡的　
[佳句背誦] There is no denying that her remarks on/about the problem hurt me.
不可否認，她對這個問題的評論傷害了我。
intend　v．想要；打算；意指
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I intended to__compare(compare) notes with a friend, but unfortunately he couldn’t spare me even one minute.
②We had__intended(intend) to arrive at our destination at 9 o’clock, but we didn’t because of the traffic jam.
③We are happy to see that many laws intended(intend) for protecting the young kids from the bad effect of the Internet have been made.
④(陜西卷)Several companies have announced their intention(intend) to compete for the construction project.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
⑤(普通表達)The program was set up and it was__intended__to(目的是) help the homeless.
⑥(高級表達)The program, intended__to__help__the__homeless,__was set up.(過去分詞短語作定語)
⑦(高級表達) The program was set up with__the__intention__of__helping__the__homeless．(intention )

(1)intend to do/doing sth.　 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
(2)be intended for... 為……打算(或設(shè)計)的
be intended to do... 目的是做……
(3)had intended to do sth.
本打算做某事但沒有做成
(4)intention n. 意圖；目的；打算
with an/the intention of 打算……
[名師點津]
intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可用來表示一件本來打算做而實際上沒有做的事或者表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的設(shè)想或愿望， 含有某種惋惜之意。
expense　n．費用，開支
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Add up all the expenses(expense) and you’ll find that you cannot afford the trip.
②Personally, I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive(expense) one.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我們必須自己掏腰包購買安全設(shè)備。
We were supposed to provide safety equipment at__our__own__expense．
④這個決定代價太高了，它使我丟掉了工作。
It was an__expensive__decision—it cost me my job.
⑤每次我們遇到困難，他都不遺余力地幫助我們。
Every time we get into trouble, he’ll come and spare__no__expense__to__help__us．

(1)at sb.’s expense　　　 由某人付費
at the expense of 以(損害)……為代價
spare no expense 不惜代價
(2)expensive adj. 昂貴的　
[佳句背誦] ①His parents went to a great trouble and expense to make sure the party was a success.
他的父母為了把聚會開得成功煞費苦心，花費了大量金錢。
②He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以自己的健康為代價逐步建立起這個企業(yè)。
hand over　移交，把……交給
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Your duty in our class is to hand in and hand out our exercise books every day.
②The old man will hand over the company to his son in two years.
③These skills have been handed down from generation to generation.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④艾爾伯特鞠了一躬，把信遞了過去。
Albert bowed and handed__over__the__letter．
⑤大約10分鐘后，那位警官把護照還給了我。
About ten minutes later，the officer handed__me__my__passport__back．

hand down 　　　　　　　 把……傳下來
hand back 歸還；交還
hand in 上交；提交
hand out 分發(fā)；散發(fā) 　
[佳句背誦] When the teacher saw Tom reading a picture book in class, she made him hand over the book.
老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆在課堂上看小人書，就讓他把書交出來。
put forward　提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用put的相關(guān)短語填空
①They have put__forward the date of their wedding by one week.
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put__forward Li Hua as a candidate.
③I can put__up__with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
④First he opened a shop and then he put__up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他在會上提出了一個解決難題的好主意。
⑤He came__up__with__a__good__idea__to__solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
⑥He put__forward__a__good__idea__to__solve the difficult problem at the meeting.

put aside　　　　　 節(jié)省；儲蓄；儲存
put away 放好；積蓄
put off 延期；推遲
put out 熄滅；生產(chǎn)
put up 舉起；張貼；公布；掛起；建造
put up with 忍受；容忍
put down 寫出；記下
[佳句背誦] Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.
在我們實施這項計劃之前，同學(xué)們提出了不同的想法。(2017·北京卷)
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “想出，提出”短語：
①put__forward；②come__up__with；③bring__up
look down upon/on　蔑視；輕視；看不起
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用look的相關(guān)短語填空
①Therefore，there is no reason for us to look__down__upon ordinary jobs.
②I like to look__back__on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
③The reason why I look__up__to the artist is that his works are inspiring.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)我熱烈歡迎您和您的演出。同時，我期待著盡快收到您的回信。
I’d like to express my warm welcome to you and your performances.Meanwhile, I__am__looking__forward__to__hearing__from__you__as__soon__as__possible．

look up to　　　　　　 尊敬；仰視
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 調(diào)查；觀察；窺視
look up 抬頭看；查閱
look back on 回憶；回顧
look out (for...) 注意；留意
look through 瀏覽；仔細查看　
[佳句背誦] With the development of science and technology, China has become a powerful country. The days are gone when Chinese people were looked down upon.　隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，中國已經(jīng)成為一個強大的國家。中國人被瞧不起的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。
come about　發(fā)生
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用右欄詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空
①A__fire__broke__out during the night and caused a great damage.　　　　
②Luckily the earthquake didn’t happen in the center of the city.
③How did it come__about that the dairy products were harmful to children?
④Great changes have__taken__place in our school in the past few years.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤你能告訴我事故是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？
Can you tell me how__the__accident__came__about？
[名師點津]
come about
“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”，通常與how連用
happen
“發(fā)生”，指偶然的、意外的事情發(fā)生
take place
“發(fā)生”，指事件或事故的發(fā)生是在預(yù)料中，進而引申為按計劃“進行，舉行”
break out
指戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等的突然“發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”

no sooner...than...意為“一……就……”，no sooner放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝
(教材P20)No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.
他們剛搬過去，噪音就開始了，他們幾乎沒有睡過一個整夜的覺。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯
①(遼寧卷)He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started(start) cheering.
②(福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly.
③The minute we landed at the airport, and I was struck by how bright the light was.刪除and
[能力提升]——句式升級
(普通表達)He came to visit us as soon as he arrived in Beijing.
④(高級表達)He had__hardly__arrived__in__Beijing__when he came to visit us.(hardly...when...)
⑤(高級表達)Hardly__had__he__arrived__in__Beijing__when he came to visit us.(倒裝句)
⑥(高級表達)On/Upon__arriving__in__Beijing,__he came to visit us.(介詞短語)

no sooner... than...和 hardly/scarcely... when...表示“一……就……”， 主句常用過去完成時， 從句中常用一般過去時。 當(dāng)no sooner或hardly位于句首時， 主句用部分倒裝。　
[佳句背誦]
①No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
莫言剛一登上舞臺，觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。(陜西卷)
②Hardly had the father and his children begun when they were told to stop.
這個父親和他的孩子們剛開始就被叫停。
[名師點津]
“一……就……”的其他表達方式： as soon as; the moment; the minute; the instant; immediately; directly; instantly; on/upon(doing) sth.。
the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..意為“越……，就越……”
(教材P26)In fact，the more I use the bike，the more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully.
事實上，雖然我按照說明認真去做，但是我騎車的次數(shù)越多，體重增加的就越多。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①The more careful you are, the fewer(few) mistakes you will make.
②The more a person reads, the wiser(wise) he will become.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③你越努力，你的進步就越大。
The harder you work, __the__greater__progress__you__will__make．

the more...，the less... 　 越……，越不……
the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好
the higher...，the thinner... ……越高，……越稀薄
the sooner...，the better... ……越早，……越好　
[佳句背誦] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were, the more likely we were to succeed.
是我們的老師提醒我們，我們越自信，就越有可能成功。


維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful(hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.
2．To arrive there on time, we made our departure(depart) in the early morning.
3．The result is that we throw away useful possessions(possess) to make room for new ones.
4．What do you do every day to strengthen(strength) your body when you are busy?
5．Then she got an appointment(appoint) with the appointed director.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．The program was set up with an intention of helping those in need.
2．Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their sources.
3．Exposed to the bright sun，the little girl’s skin has become very red.
4．I think that we should come to a compromise with each other in order to get the deal done.
5．Officials say they’ll spare no expense to solve the problem.
維度三　易錯混用(改正下列句子中的錯誤)
1．They wanted to make compromise with the government，but failed.在make后加a
2．No sooner had I reached home when it began to rain.when→than
3．The girl is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointing to guard her.appointing→appointed
4．He likes reading newspapers，who has subscribed China Daily for years.在subscribed后加to
5．It is said that the car is in possession of an old man.在in后加the
維度四　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．He said he was enthusiastic about Chinese and asked me to find him some books specially intended for Chinese beginners.為……設(shè)計的
2．Children, when exposed to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.暴露；接觸
3．She was the first woman to be appointed to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.任命；委任
4．Friends are not books, yet books are friends.Friends may betray you, while books are always loyal.背叛
5．The two sides haven’t reached a compromise and they are in need of more time to think about the situation.妥協(xié)；和解
6．He showed remarkable competence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times.顯著的；非凡的

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
Yang Ming 1.holds(hold) parties every night but the biggest problem is his late-night drumming. Seldom has drumming caused such conflict. Yang Ming’s neighbors say 2.being__exposed__to(expose) such noise drove them mad. Had they known their neighbor was a 3.drummer(drum), they wouldn’t have moved into 4.the building. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and 5.rarely(rare) did they get a full night’s sleep. Neither could they relax or read a book without 6.plugging(plug) their ears. One neighbor also claims that Yang Ming is an alcoholic and has a bad influence 7.on his adolescent son. In the end, the local council took action. “8.It was only after careful 9.consideration(consider) that we gave Yang Ming a warning，” a council member said. “Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and after such a chorus of 10.complaints(complain), we had to take action.”
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①有個年輕人一直想知道他父親什么時候把公司移交給他。
A young man was wondering when his father would hand__over__the__company__to__him．
②一天，他在一剎那有了一個主意。
One day, in__a__flash,__he had an idea.
③他派人去叫來一位智者并讓這個人為他提供一個建議。
He sent__for__a__wise__man and asked him to put__forward__a__suggestion__for__him．
④這位智者告訴他，要做到守信用，并且任何時候不向困難屈服。
The wise man told him to keep__his__word and never__give__in__to__the__difficulties．
2．升級平淡句
⑤用非限制性定語從句升級句③
He__sent__for__a__wise__man,__who__was__asked__to__put__forward__a__suggestion__for__him.
3．銜接成美文
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One possible version：
A young man was wondering when his father would hand over the company to him. One day, in a flash, he had an idea. He sent for a wise man, who was asked to put forward a suggestion for him. The wise man told him to keep his word and never give in to the difficulties.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
閱讀理解
A
(2020· 新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)適應(yīng)性檢測) Super-storm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States a few years ago. The wind-driven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region’s subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Super-storm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the flood-waters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通風(fēng)柵). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (膠合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a built-in, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamper-proof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don’t intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了幾年前超級風(fēng)暴Sandy猛烈襲擊美國東部，造成了洪水災(zāi)害，當(dāng)?shù)氐牡罔F被洪水淹沒。為防止地鐵再次被洪水淹沒，兩位少年發(fā)明了一種裝置。
1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The function of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
D　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，據(jù)估計超級風(fēng)暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價值190億美元的損失。文章接下來分析了超級風(fēng)暴造成的洪水淹沒地鐵的原因：目前的地鐵系統(tǒng)存在很大的弊端。故選D。
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens’ new invention?
A．Costly.　　　　　　　 B．Time-saving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他們使用的柵欄和現(xiàn)在使用的柵欄大小一樣，所以，他們說這會很容易就可以把舊的柵欄取出來，并放入一個替換柵欄；再結(jié)合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的柵欄操作起來也很方便。故選C。
3．What’s the purpose of designing the tamper-proof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三、四句可知，設(shè)計干預(yù)防護的特點可以阻止操作失誤，有了干預(yù)防護，他們確保人們不會有意地在正常情況下關(guān)掉空氣流通的功能，故選C。
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
A　解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了兩位少年發(fā)明了一種成本較低、實用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點和優(yōu)勢，應(yīng)該屬于新聞報道類文章，故選A。
B
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)While elephants born without tusks(長牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.
Poole says before the country’s 15-year-long conflict, the park was home to over 4，000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivories to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park’s tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.
This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants of 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivories.
The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females to change the__trend．
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa國家公園，有33%的雌象生來就沒有長牙，大象行為專家認為，這是人們?yōu)榱双@得珍貴的象牙，而對大象進行持續(xù)不斷的獵殺而造成的非自然的進化。
5．What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming.
C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution.
A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.”可知，這位研究人員認為，由于持續(xù)不斷地獵殺大象以獲取珍貴的象牙，我們可能正在目睹物種的非自然進化。據(jù)此可知，第一段中提到的現(xiàn)象的可能原因是非法獵殺，故A項正確。
6．Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?
A．To get money by selling ivories.
B．To develop new decorations.
C．To provide food for local people.
D．To make ivory products.
A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivories to get money.”可知，然而在1992年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，有大約90%的大象因象牙被獵殺，從而獲得錢。據(jù)此可知，人們獵殺大象是為了通過銷售象牙來獲得錢，故A項正確。
7．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?
A．Gorongosa National Park.
B．South Luangwa National Park.
C．Ruaha National Park.
D．Lupande Game Management Area.
C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知，在1992年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，莫桑比克的Gorongosa國家公園有33%的雌象生來無長牙；根據(jù)第三段尾句“A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivories.”可知，Ruaha國家公園在1969年有10.5%的無長牙雌象，到1989年時，有大約40%的無長牙雌象；據(jù)此可知，Ruaha國家公園是最早記錄無長牙雌象的地區(qū)，故C項正確。
8．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Elephants facing greater danger.
B．Elephants growing more slowly.
C．Fewer female elephants staying alive.
D．More female elephants being tuskless.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting.”可知，最近美國和中國都頒布了象牙禁令，這應(yīng)該有助于消除或至少減少對大象的獵殺；結(jié)合該段第二句“However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females to change the__trend．”可知，科學(xué)家們并不確定對擁有較高比例無長牙雌象的大象們來說需要多長時間才能改變這種趨勢。據(jù)此可推知，畫線詞指代“更多的雌象無長牙”這一趨勢，故D項正確。
完形填空
(2020·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasn’t sure what he wanted from __1__， but something told him to __2__ and begin a new adventure.
He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road __3__ him.
It’s easy to feel __4__ when you’re on the road. We made lots of new friends on our trip—most of them are mechanics, since we often __5__ hours in repair shops. But that was a way much __6__ than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to __7__ when it was 40℃ outside.
Getting along well sometimes seemed __8__. There were always a lot of __9__， especially among us back seat passengers about who had to __10__ in the middle. But even if it was hard, we learned a lot about __11__. When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hour’s drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and __12__ traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the back seat, we saw her __13__ turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was how a seven-hour car trip turned into a 16-hour one, which was mostly spent in __14__．
On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were __15__ in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the __16__. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and __17__ one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.
This is why road trips were like __18__ universities to us. We __19__ our PhDs(博士學(xué)位) in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.
If we were __20__ given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time would I put the suitcases in the car myself.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。小時候“我”隨父母以及“我”的姐妹開車旅行，在此過程中，“我們”學(xué)會了忍讓以及和別人相處。這個顛簸的旅程是一所移動的大學(xué)，讓“我”受益匪淺。
1．A.move B．life
C．experience D．belief
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父親出生在美國的一個小鎮(zhèn)上；結(jié)合該句中的“He wasn’t sure what he wanted”以及下文敘述的他帶著全家開車旅行可推知，那時他不確定想從生活中得到些什么，故B項正確。
2．A.live up B．struggle on
C．get out D．walk around
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到啟示，要他走出去，去開啟新的冒險經(jīng)歷。C項意為“離開，從……出來”，故C項正確；B項意為“勉強維持”。
3．A.took B．drove
C．served D．controlled
A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“wherever the road”并結(jié)合語境可知，他帶著媽媽和“我們”這三個女兒，沿路旅行。A項表示“帶去，引領(lǐng)”，符合語境，故A項正確。
4．A.anxious B．upset
C．helpless D．lonely
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“when you’re on the road”和下文介紹的沿路交朋友可推知，當(dāng)在路上時，很容易感到孤獨(lonely)。
5．A.wasted B．worked
C．spent D．chatted
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，由于“我們”經(jīng)常花費幾個小時在修理店，所以“我們”交的朋友大部分是修理工。
6．A.better B．easier
C．safer D．cleverer
A　解析：由于外面的溫度達到40攝氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在馬路邊等候好得多。
7．A.break down B．cool off
C．clear up D．turn over
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“when it was 40℃ outside”可知，外面氣溫高達40攝氏度；據(jù)此可推知，該處指等待發(fā)動機冷卻下來；B項意為“使冷卻下來”。故B項正確。A項意為“出故障”，C項意為“清理”，D項意為“翻轉(zhuǎn)”，都與語境不符。
8．A.available B．a(chǎn)lternative
C．necessary D．impossible
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“it was hard”并結(jié)合語境可知，有時友好相處似乎是不可能的(impossible)。
9．A.arguments B．fights
C．embarrassments D．a(chǎn)musements
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“especially among us...in the middle”可知，“我們”之間總是有很多爭吵(arguments)，尤其是關(guān)于后座的“我們”誰坐(sit)在中間時。
10．A.settle B．rest
C．sit D．watch
C　解析：參見上題解析。
11．A.sharing B．respect
C．communication D．tolerance
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“But”表達的語境可知，盡管這很難解決，但是“我們”學(xué)會了忍耐(tolerance)。
12．A.light B．heavy
C．local D．fast
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“It should have been an hour’s drive but was nearly three”可知，本可以在一小時就完成的路程，“我們”卻花了將近三個小時。據(jù)此可推知，這里道路較差，交通擁堵，故B項正確。
13．A.suddenly B．sensitively
C．calmly D．slowly
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我們”在后座看到母親慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)過頭對父親說：“沒有，我還以為你放了”。
14．A.silence B．vain
C．panic D．disappointment
A　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，母親忘記將手提箱放進車里；結(jié)合該句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，“我們”學(xué)會了控制自己的怒氣，這個七小時的行程最終變成了十六小時的行程，我們大部分的時間都在沉默。
15．A.buried B．crazy
C．stuck D．impatient
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在像上文提到的情況下，“我們”必須控制自己的怒氣，因為在接下來的旅程(journey)里“我們”和相同的人一起被困在(stuck)車里。
16．A.holiday B．journey
C．exploration D．march
B　解析：參見上題解析。
17．A.dragging B．pushing
C．helping D．sending
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情緒。據(jù)此可推知，此處表示有時“我”想要打開車門將“我”的一個姐妹推出車外。B項意為“推”，故B項正確。
18．A.unusual B．common
C．free D．mobile
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We ______ our PhDs(博士學(xué)位)”可知，對于“我們”來說，公路旅行就如可移動的(mobile)大學(xué)。
19．A.earned B．expected
C．missed D．valued
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，就在這輛舊汽車里，“我們”獲得了如何和他人相處的博士學(xué)位。A項意為“獲得，贏得”，故A項正確。
20．A.somewhere B．a(chǎn)nytime
C．somehow D．a(chǎn)nyway
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，如果“我們”能以某種方式在人生中獲得第二次機會的話，“我們”還會去旅行。C項意為“以某種方式”，故C項正確。
課時練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋
1篇語法填空
閱讀理解
A
(2020·合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine(潛艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne(空氣傳播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT’s Media Lab, who led the research.
The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations(震動) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. “It has any number of potential real-world uses，” Adib says. “It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane’s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.”
Right now the technology is low-resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction—air to water. If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家發(fā)明的從水下與地面上的人進行通信的技術(shù)。
1．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.
B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
C　解析：段落大意題。通讀第一段的內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講的是從水下與地面的人進行通信非常困難，故選C。
2．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?
A．Achievable.　　　　　　　 B．Convenient.
C．Changeable. D．Alternative.
A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Now, researchers at MIT have developed...underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種可能改變水下通信的方法，使從水下與地面上的人進行溝通成為可能，故A項“可實現(xiàn)的”與畫線詞意思最相近。故選A。
3．What do we know about TARF?
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater.
C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
D　解析：推理判斷題。文章第三段詳細講述了TARF系統(tǒng)的工作原理：該系統(tǒng)使用一個水下機器向水面發(fā)送聲吶信號，對0到1秒的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生震動，然后水面接收器讀取并對這些微小的震動進行重新編碼，這樣可以從水下與地面上的人進行通信。故選D。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology
B．Full Water-to-air Communication Closer to Reality
C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat
D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication
B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)明的一種從水下與地面上的人進行通信聯(lián)系的系統(tǒng)，研究人員將會把它投入到真實的狀況下進行驗證，因此B項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
B
(2020·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考)At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, U．S., old-fashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)．The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.
But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. They’re members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutting wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids don’t know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”
The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little red barn must do a six-hour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet(獸醫(yī)) care.
Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer.But as his land gets sold, he doesn’t know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids can’t just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.
There are valuable lessons learned along the way. For instance, don’t cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isn’t something you can simply abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文， 主要講述了一群城里的孩子來到鄉(xiāng)間農(nóng)場體驗不同的生活，照顧農(nóng)場動物的故事。
5．What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?
A．Attend a class.
B．Pay certain money.
C．Have varied skills.
D．Get special club programs.
A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“must do a six-hour class before they get an animal”可知，得到動物之前，孩子們必須上一節(jié)六小時的課程，這個課程可能是培訓(xùn)孩子們?nèi)绾握疹檮游锏摹?br /> 6．What do we know about the club?
A．It offers services unconditionally.
B．It pays for their use of the barn.
C．It lets Mothers care for animals.
D．It allows Mothers to push kids.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知，該俱樂部讓孩子的媽媽督促孩子參與農(nóng)場活動，故選D項。
7．How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?
A．Suspicious.　　　　　　　　 B．Moved.
C．Appreciative. D．Opposed.
C　解析：觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的話是為了進一步說明因照顧動物而教會孩子們的珍貴東西，比如責(zé)任。由此可知， Carly Playforth對這種經(jīng)歷是贊賞的(appreciative)。
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Kids’ life on a sold farm.
B．Valuable lessons learned on the farm.
C．A special club intended for Lexington kids.
D．A club activity of caring for farm animals.
D　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文重點介紹的是FCL俱樂部借助一個農(nóng)場舉辦的活動——讓孩子們親自照顧動物，在這一過程中，孩子們獲益匪淺。故D項概括最為全面。
七選五
(2020·濟南模擬)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1.________ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?
2．________ One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3.________
Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? 4.________ It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that?
Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn’t too difficult and doesn’t include any group’s culture. It is called Esperanto. 5.________ Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either. There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.
A．People like English.
B．But it hasn’t become popular.
C．It has brought its language with it.
D．There is no doubt about the question.
E．This is why English was widely spoken.
F．It has become the new international language.
G．There are many reasons why English has become so popular.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要分析了英語作為國際語言流行的原因及對未來可能流行的語言的預(yù)測。
1．F　解析：根據(jù)第一段的前兩句可知，大約一百年前很多有學(xué)問的人學(xué)習(xí)法語，并且在見到來自其他國家的人時說法語，現(xiàn)在大部分人見到外國人時說英語。由此可推知，英語已經(jīng)成了新的國際性語言。故選F項。
2．G　解析：承接上文“Why is this？”，并結(jié)合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英語流行有諸多原因，故選G項。
3．C　解析：承接上文美國文化在全球的流行可知，它的語言也隨之而來，故選C項。
4．D　解析：承接上文的疑問句，并結(jié)合下文的肯定陳述“It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.”可知，此處是表示英語在全世界的傳播是一件好事，故選D項。
5．B　解析：結(jié)合下文“Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either.”可知，B項“但是它并沒有流行起來”符合語境，銜接上下文。
語法填空
(2020·綿陽第一次診斷)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1.____________(make) sure all children have a chance for education.
It all started when he was a college student. Adam Braun was visiting India when 2.____________ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3.____________(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 4.____________(real) for 57 million children around the world.
After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5.____________(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6.____________ quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7.____________children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media.
“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that we’re 8.____________(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom. That’s why our 9.____________(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said.
Since then, it 10.____________(help) more than 22，000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了Adam Braun建立了一個旨在幫助所有孩子接受教育的組織。
1．to make　解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：它的目標(biāo)是確保所有的孩子都有機會接受教育。此處用不定式作表語。
2．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞。句意：Adam Braun在印度游覽時，一個女孩在街上攔住了他，向他要錢。girl為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，且此處是第一次提到，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。
3．most　解析：考查副詞的最高級。句意：他問她在世界上她最想要什么。根據(jù)句意及空后的“of all”可知，此處表示“最想要”，故應(yīng)用副詞的最高級形式。
4．reality　解析：考查名詞。句意：這個女孩從來沒有上過學(xué)，這是全世界5 700萬孩子的現(xiàn)狀。此處定冠詞“the”后應(yīng)跟名詞。故用reality，意為“事實，現(xiàn)實”。
5．hers　解析：考查代詞。句意：畢業(yè)后，Adam Braun從來沒有忘記這個女孩和她的問題。介詞of后應(yīng)跟名詞性物主代詞，表示“她的”，故此處應(yīng)用hers。
6．to　解析：考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有機會使用……”，故應(yīng)用介詞to。
7．where　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞other places，且在從句中作地點狀語，故應(yīng)用where。
8．a(chǎn)ctually　解析：考查副詞。句意：我們努力確保這個項目不只是孩子們漂亮的圖片和視頻，還有我們真正地看到課堂上令人驚嘆的成果。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞actually。
9．kids　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：Braun說，這就是在Pencils of Promise學(xué)校的孩子們從一個年級到下個年級進步迅速的原因。根據(jù)句意及謂語動詞progress可知，此處應(yīng)用kid的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
10．has helped　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：從那時起，它已經(jīng)幫助了非洲、亞洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多個孩子。根據(jù)時間狀語“Since then”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。


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