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一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．folk adj. 　　　　　　　　 民間的
2．ballet n. 芭蕾舞
3．a(chǎn)lbum n. 唱片；相冊(cè)；集郵冊(cè)
4．a(chǎn)nger n. 氣憤，憤怒
5．male adj. 男性的
6．female adj. 女性的
7．carriage n. 馬車
8．mask n. 面具，面罩
9．pianist n. 鋼琴家，鋼琴演奏者
10．musician n. 音樂家
11．worldwide adv. 全世界地
12．root n. 根
13．beauty n. 美；美貌；美人
14．skip vi. 跳，蹦
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．extraordinary adj. 非凡的；特別的
2．unclear adj. 不清楚的
3．a(chǎn)ward n. 獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品
4．system n. 系統(tǒng)
5．a(chǎn)udience n. 聽眾；觀眾
6．throughout prep. 貫穿，遍及
7．instrument n. 樂器；工具
8．treasure n. 財(cái)寶；財(cái)富
9．represent vt. 代表
10．quit vt.& vi. 停止；辭職
11．rediscover vt. 重新發(fā)現(xiàn)
12．generation n. 代，一代
13．type n. 類型，種類
14．unique adj. 獨(dú)特的；唯一的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．effect n. 效果，作用→effective adj. 有效的，起作用的
2．disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointment n. 失望→disappointed adj. 失望的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的
3．perform vt.& vi. 表演；做→performance n. 表演；演奏→performer n. 表演者
4．base n. 基地，基礎(chǔ)→basic adj. 基本的→basically adv. 基本上，通常
5．extremely adv. 極端地，非常地→extreme adj. 極端的 n. 極端
6．creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的，創(chuàng)造性的→create vt. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作→creation n. 創(chuàng)造
7．impress vt. 使(人)印象深刻→impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 令人贊嘆的；令人敬佩的
8．combine vt. (使)結(jié)合，(使)聯(lián)合→combination n．結(jié)合；聯(lián)合
9．general n. 將軍 adj. 一般的；總的，綜合的→generally adv. 通常地，一般地
10．talent n. 才干；天才→talented adj. 有天賦的；有才能的
11．identity n. 身份；特性→identify vt. 辨認(rèn)；確認(rèn)
12．transform vt. 轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)化→transformation n. 轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)化
13．responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的→responsibility n. 責(zé)任
14．permission n. 允許，許可→permit v. & n. 允許；許可證
15．immigrant adj.移民的，移居的→immigration n．移民

1.后綴“-ian”表示“從事……職業(yè)的人”
①musician　　 音樂家
②physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
③electrician 電工
④comedian 喜劇演員
⑤magician 魔術(shù)師
⑥technician 技術(shù)員
⑦politician 政治家
2.表示“程度”的副詞集錦
①extremely
極度地
②entirely
完全地
③completely
完全地；徹底地
④perfectly
完美地
3.“音樂”達(dá)人
①perform vt.　　　 演出；表演
②performance n. 演出；表演
③classical adj. 古典的
④compose vt.& vi. 作(曲)
⑤composer n. 創(chuàng)作者
⑥conduct vt. 指揮
⑦conductor n. (樂隊(duì)等的)指揮
⑧album n. 專輯
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．be__used__to　　　　　　　 習(xí)慣于
2．come__out 出來；出版
3．a(chǎn)t__the__end__of 在……的盡頭；
在……結(jié)束時(shí)
4．pick__up (用車)接某人；撿起
5．note__down/write__down 記下
6．play__a__part__in 在……中起作用；
在……中扮演角色
7．in__other__words 換句話說
8．a(chǎn)t__times 有時(shí)，不時(shí)
9．give__up 放棄
10．in__some__ways 在某些方面
11．be__dressed__in 穿著
12．back__and__forth 往返，來回
13．leave__out 省去，遺漏
14．not__at__all/not__a__bit 一點(diǎn)兒也不
15．refer__to 指的是；參考；查閱
16．fit__in__with 與……合得來，適應(yīng)

1.“of結(jié)尾”短語聚會(huì)
①in terms of　　　 據(jù)……；依照……
②as a result of 由于；因?yàn)?br /> ③in favour of 贊成；支持
④on account of 由于；因?yàn)?br /> ⑤on behalf of 代表
⑥at the end of 在……的盡頭；
在……結(jié)束時(shí)
2.way短語大觀園
①on the way　　　 在路上
②in the way 阻擋
③in no way 決不
④in some ways 在某些方面
⑤on the way out 即將被淘汰；
即將過時(shí)
⑥in a way　 在某種程度上；不完全地
3.由“back and forth”想到的
①up and down　 上上下下
②day and night 日日夜夜
③here and there 到處
④now and then 時(shí)而；不時(shí)
⑤then and there 當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)?br /> ⑥by and large 總的來說
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is/was/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since...意為“自從……以來已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”
It__was Morissette’s first performance in England since her song “Uninvited” won this year’s Grammy Award for the best rock song.　這是自莫里塞特的歌曲Uninvited獲得今年的格萊美最佳搖滾歌曲獎(jiǎng)以來她在英國(guó)的首次演出。
句型2：動(dòng)名詞短語作主語
He also feels that playing__Chinese__folk__music__on__the__piano can help bring it to the rest of the world.　他還覺得，用鋼琴演奏中國(guó)民族音樂有助于使它走向世界。
句型3：not...until...意為“直到……才……”
His mother couldn’t buy him a piano until he was seven.
直到7歲，他母親才給他買了一架鋼琴。
句型4：This/That is why...為why 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，意為“這/那就是……的原因”
This__is__why he went back to his roots and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.　這就是為什么他追根溯源，重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)民族音樂之美。

二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．The school has a system(系統(tǒng)) of rewards and punishments to encourage good behaviour.
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)At the base(基地) is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants.
3．Look! The audience(觀眾) are dressed in a variety of clothes, some in suits, and some in jeans.
4．The man quarreled with his boss about the pay and quitted(放棄) the job.
5．Between the two generations(代), it is often not their age, but their education that causes misunderstandings.
6．(2019·北京卷)They are extremely important in the safe and effective(effect) running of our programmes.
7．(2018·浙江卷6月)I was impressed(impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.
8．(2017·北京卷)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination(combine) of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.
9．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A 90-year-old has been awarded(award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
10．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Generally(general) speaking, your arrival shouldn’t be later than the fixed time.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．From the audience’s disappointed expression，we could tell that the film was very disappointing and many people were disappointed at it.(disappoint)
2．The performance given by the excellent performer who often performed in public was a great success.(perform)
3．I should be responsible for the safety of the children. I will take responsibility for bringing them home.(responsible)
4．Beijing is such an impressive city that it often makes a deep impression on visitors and its sights also never fail to impress foreign tourists.(impress)
5．He is a writer who has a creative mind and he often creates some lovely characters.Luckily, I have seen his latest creation．(create)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
fit in with; be used to; come out; at times; in other words
If you want to be a music star, you should 1.be__used__to being in the public eye. 2.In__other__words,__you’ll become
a focus wherever you go and your fans want to know when your new songs will 3.come__out.4.At__times,__you don’t 5.fit__in__with it.
in some ways; leave out; be dressed in; give up; back and forth; refer to
Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He 6.is__dressed__in black today. 7.In__some__ways,__he is our friend as well as our teacher. He often walks 8.back__and__forth in the classroom while giving classes. If we 9.leave__out some letters when we spell words, he will correct our mistakes and remind us to 10.refer__to the dictionary after class. He tells us never to 11.give__up when we meet with difficulties in our study.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．從你上次收到你女兒的信以來有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
How long is__it__since you heard from your daughter last time?
2．飯前洗手對(duì)我們的健康有好處。
Washing__hands__before__meals is good for our health.
3．直到半夜回家他才意識(shí)到他被騙了。
Not__until__he__got__back__at__midnight did he realize he was taken in.
4．這就是為什么我們需要每一個(gè)人都花費(fèi)精力并參與其中。
This__is__why we need the energy and involvement of everyone.

effect　n．結(jié)果；效果，效能；作用，影響
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease.
②a.The new law will come into effect in 2022; surely it will have an effect on the industry of the country.
b．It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare every effort to do it.
③a.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective(effect) at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
b．(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively(effect)．
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))Smoking is bad for your health, so you’d better give it up.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Smoking affects/has__a__bad__effect__on your health, so you’d better give it up.

(1)have an effect on/upon 對(duì)……有影響
bring/carry/put...into effect
實(shí)施； 使生效
come/go into effect 開始生效； 開始實(shí)施
take effect 生效；開始實(shí)施
in effect 實(shí)際上；有效
(2)effective adj. 有效的　
[佳句背誦] Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development.
有利的政策正在有效地鼓勵(lì)員工的職業(yè)發(fā)展。(2019·江蘇卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“實(shí)際上”的表達(dá)還有in fact, in reality, in practice, actually, as a matter of fact等。
[詞塊助記]
cause and effect　　　　　 因果關(guān)系
side effect 副作用
take effective steps 采取有效措施
disappoint　vt.使失望　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句改錯(cuò)
①Disappointing at her boyfriend’s action, the girl began to sob. Disappointing→Disappointed
②To his disappoint，his good friend didn’t come to attend his party. disappoint→disappointment
③(天津卷)The next day, we got a disappointed message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. disappointed→disappointing
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他的同事們不支持他的建議，他感到很失望。
④He was__disappointed__that his colleagues weren’t for his suggestion.
⑤His colleagues weren’t for his suggestion, which__made__him__disappointed．
⑥It was__disappointing__for__him__that his colleagues weren’t for his suggestion.

(1)disappointed adj.　　　　 (感到)失望的
be disappointed at/by 因……失望
be disappointed with/in/that...
對(duì)……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事而感到失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(2)disappointment n.
[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事
to one’s disappointment＝to the disappointment of sb.
使/令某人感到失望的是
[佳句背誦] Your behaviour has certainly disappointed us.　你的行為的確令我們感到失望。
perform　v．履行，執(zhí)行；做；演出，表演，演奏；(機(jī)器) 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；(人) 行動(dòng)，表現(xiàn)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.Personally, performing(perform) an experiment calls for devotion and carefulness.
b．(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to__perform(perform) his duty.
c．No matter how frequently performed(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
②(2019·江蘇卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances(perform) in the last three months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The__performer__performed__very__well(這個(gè)表演者表演得很好) on the stage. Her performance was popular with the audience.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The__performer__performed__very__well__on__the__stage,__whose__performance__was__popular__with__the__audience.(非限制性定語從句)

(1)performance n．　　　　　 演出；履行；表現(xiàn)
put on/give a performance 演出
(2)performer n. 演出者；表演者
[佳句背誦] As a senior high student, everyone should perform well in school.
作為一名高中學(xué)生， 每個(gè)人在學(xué)校里都應(yīng)該好好表現(xiàn)。
[詞塊助記] perform an operation　 進(jìn)行手術(shù)
perform one’s duty/promise
盡某人的責(zé)任/履行某人的承諾
perform a task　　　　　　 執(zhí)行任務(wù)
perform magic tricks 表演魔術(shù)
perform well in his exam 他在考試中考得好
award　n．獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金　vt.授予，給予
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/對(duì)比填空(award; reward)
①Nelson Mandela received a special award for his contribution to the country’s independence.
②Yong Mei was awarded China’s Golden Rooster Award for Best Actress.
③It’s a great feeling finally getting rewarded for all our hard work.[能力提升]——一句多譯/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④校長(zhǎng)給獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哳C發(fā)了一枚金牌。
→The headmaster awarded__the__winner__a__gold__medal．
→The headmaster awarded__a__gold__medal__to__the__winner．
⑤He made a great contribution to the company, so he was awarded a house.
→He was__awarded__a__house__for his great contribution to the company.

(1)win/receive/get an award (for sth.)
　　　　　　　　　 (因……而)獲獎(jiǎng)
(2)be awarded for... 因?yàn)椤@獎(jiǎng)
[名師點(diǎn)津]

名　詞
動(dòng)　詞
reward
報(bào)酬、獎(jiǎng)金或一些非金錢的報(bào)酬
in reward for作為……的報(bào)酬
(1)給予報(bào)酬，指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ?、服?wù)、幫助而給予的報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)賞
(2)reward sb.for (doing) sth.因……而報(bào)答/獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)某人
award
獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金與prize相似
(1)授予，頒發(fā)
(2)award sb.sth.for sth.＝award sth.to sb.for sth.因?yàn)槟呈露选谟枘橙?br /> base　vt.以……為根據(jù)　n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·北京卷)To be frank, studying for a degree in a different culture is difficult. You’d better learn some basic(base) Chinese before you come.
②In my opinion, common hobbies are the basis(base) of making friends.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))Based__on__trust，the restaurant is working all right. (分詞短語作狀語)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The restaurant，which__is__based__on__trust，is working all right.(定語從句)

(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上
be based on/upon...
以……為基礎(chǔ)；依據(jù)……
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；基本原則
[佳句背誦] Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesn’t make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.
常言道，“獨(dú)木不成林。”我們的成功建立在與他人合作的基礎(chǔ)上。
impress　 vt.使(人)印象深刻；使……留下深刻印象；使……銘記
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷) After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi was deeply impressed by/with his music.
②a.Impressed(impress) with my performance, the interviewers gave me the highest mark in the job interview.
b.__Impressing(impress) the students deeply, Mr. Li’s lesson attracts more and more students.
③(湖北卷)What was so impressive(impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)我堅(jiān)信今年的音樂節(jié)會(huì)給你留下深刻的印象。
④I am firmly convinced that you will__be__deeply__impressed__with this year’s music festival.(impressed)
⑤I do believe that this year’s music festival will__surely__leave__a__deep__impression__on you.(impression)

(1)impress sb.(with sth.) (某事)給某人留下印象
impress (sth.) on/upon sb.
使某人銘記某事
be impressed by/with...
為……所打動(dòng)；對(duì)……有印象
(2)impression n. 印象
make/leave a(n) ...impression on sb.
給某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 讓人印象深刻的；感人的　
[佳句背誦] The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression on visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.
著名的西湖總是給游客留下深刻的印象，我第一次參觀它時(shí)就被它的美深深地打動(dòng)了。
combine　v．結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；兼?zhèn)洌骖?br /> [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(福建卷)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, combining(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
b．(福建卷)—In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two combined(combine)．
②Several factors combined to__harm(harm) our friendship, which made me very upset.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他與朋友們合伙做生意。
③Combining__with__his__friends,__he carried on the business.(combine，分詞作狀語)
④He carried on the business in__combination__with__his__friends．(combination)

(1)combine...with/and...
將……與……結(jié)合在一起
combine to do sth.
聯(lián)合起來干某事；合起來促成某事
(2)combination n. 聯(lián)合；結(jié)合
in combination with 與……聯(lián)合起來
[佳句背誦] A balanced diet can be better for our health when combined with regular exercise.
均衡的飲食與經(jīng)常鍛煉相結(jié)合對(duì)我們的健康會(huì)更好。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 動(dòng)詞＋A＋with＋B：
compare A with B　　 connect A with B
mix A with B load A with B
fill A with B cover A with B
represent　vt.代表；象征；描繪；聲稱；說明；傳達(dá)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.
②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives(represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)我非常高興代表我們學(xué)校，告訴你們有關(guān)即將到來的排球比賽的一些事宜。
③Representing__our__school,__I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.
④On__behalf__of__our__school,__I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.

　 代表……
(2)represent...as/to be...
宣稱……為……；把……描繪成……
(3)represent sth. to sb.　 向某人說明或傳達(dá)某事
(4)representative n. 代表
　　 　　adj. 典型的；有代表性的　
[佳句背誦] Last but not least, I feel it a great honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.　最后但同樣重要的是，我覺得代表我班參加小組跳舞比賽非常榮幸。
general　n．將軍　adj.一般的；大體的；籠統(tǒng)的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally(general) encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.
②In general, body language is as important as spoken language.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
一般來說，短的句子大多數(shù)人更容易理解。
③As__a__general__rule,__shorter sentences are easier to understand for most people.
④Generally__speaking,__shorter sentences are easier to understand for most people.
⑤In__general,__shorter sentences are easier to understand for most people.

(1)in general(＝generally)　 大體上，通常；一般地
as a general rule 一般而言，通常
(2)generally adv. 基本上；通常
generally speaking 大體來說
[佳句背誦] ①His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.　
他的發(fā)言是泛指一般情況，不是針對(duì)某一個(gè)人的。
②Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.
一般來說，美式英語和英式英語在發(fā)音和拼寫方面不同。
transform　vi.& vt.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①The company has been transformed from a family business into one with 5，000 workforce.
②The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation(transform) of my hometown.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Your generous help and tender care turned my first American trip into an unforgettable memory.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Your generous help and tender care transformed my first American trip into an unforgettable memory.

(1)transform...into... 把……變成……
transform sb./sth.from...
把某人/物從……中轉(zhuǎn)變
(2)transformation n. 改變，變革　
[佳句背誦] I’m fully aware that it’s the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me.
我充分意識(shí)到， 是在國(guó)外的生活經(jīng)歷完全改變了我。
be used to　習(xí)慣于　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
①I am used to working(work) out at six o’clock in the morning.
②The power of flowing water can be used to__produce(produce) electricity.
③He is used to get up early and he can enjoy the fresh air in the morning. get→getting
④My father used to smoking a lot, but now he has given it up. smoking→smoke
⑤The old house is used to holding some old machines and tables. holding→hold

become/get/be used/accustomed to (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　　 習(xí)慣于(做)某事
be used to do sth. 被用來做某事
used to do sth. 過去常常做某事
[佳句背誦] I’ve lived in Paris for six years now, so I’m quite used to the traffic there.
我已經(jīng)住在巴黎六年了，所以對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌ǚ浅Ｊ煜ぁ?br /> pick up　卷起；拾起；拿起；接收(信號(hào))；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；收拾；(用車)接(人)；好轉(zhuǎn)；恢復(fù)；買到
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中pick up的含義
①(2018·浙江卷6月)Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. (用車)接(人)
②(福建卷)She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. (偶然)學(xué)會(huì)
③The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信號(hào))
④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.恢復(fù)；好轉(zhuǎn)
⑤The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women’s Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains. 買到

pick out　　　　　　 選出；辨別出　
[佳句背誦]
①The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.　自動(dòng)語音電話的問題已經(jīng)變得非常嚴(yán)重，以至于許多人現(xiàn)在拒絕接聽他們不知道的電話。(2019·北京卷)
②It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.　電影院是如此的黑以至于我沒有認(rèn)出我的朋友。(四川卷)
in other words　換句話說，也就是說
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(浙江卷) In other words(word), gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(優(yōu)越感)．
②(朗文辭典)Could I have a word with you after the meeting?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③Word__came__that(有消息傳來) China plans to build the first space station in 2022.
④He has__broken__his__word(食言) for so many times that I won’t trust him any more.

in a/one word　　　　　　　 簡(jiǎn)言之，總之
keep/break one’s word 遵守/違背諾言
have a word with sb. 與某人交談
have words with sb. 與某人吵架
word comes/came that... 有消息傳來……　
[佳句背誦] They asked him to leave—in other words he was fired.　他們請(qǐng)他走人，也就是說，他被解雇了。
[名師點(diǎn)津] word作“諾言”講，常用單數(shù)形式；作“消息”講，是不可數(shù)名詞，且通常不與冠詞連用。
at times　有時(shí)，不時(shí)　
[能力提升]——完成句子
①有時(shí)我需要做放松的活動(dòng)來消磨時(shí)間。
At__times I need to do relaxing activities to kill time.
②銀行的這位職員讓我一直把包帶在身上。
The clerk in the bank asked me to keep my bag with me at__all__times．
③你可以完成你想要做的任何事，但你不能同時(shí)完成所有的事。
You can do anything you want, but not everything at__the__same__time．

at a time　　　　　 一次，每次
at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度
at all times 總是，始終
at any time 隨時(shí)，任何時(shí)候
at no time 決不(位于句首，句子倒裝)
at the same time 同時(shí)
in some ways　在某些方面　
[能力提升]——完成句子
①就某些方面而言，這是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意，但由于代價(jià)太高，它行不通。
In__a/one__way，it’s quite a good idea，but the high cost makes it impossible.
②那把椅子擋著道。請(qǐng)把它搬開。
That chair is in__the__way．Move it please.

in a/one way　　　　 在某種程度上
in any way 無論如何，在任何情況下
in the/one’s way 擋道，礙事
in no way 決不(位于句首，句子倒裝)
in many ways 在很多方面

It is/was/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since...意為“自從……以來已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”
(教材P22)It was Morissette’s first performance in England since her song “Uninvited” won this year’s Grammy Award for the best rock song.　這是自莫里塞特的歌曲Uninvited獲得今年的格萊美最佳搖滾歌曲獎(jiǎng)以來她在英國(guó)的首次演出。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①—It’s a long time since I saw you last time.
—Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time before we see each other again.
②a.(四川卷)It’s been a month since I came(come) to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
b．It was several years since he had__returned(return) to his hometown.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他昨晚回來的時(shí)候是十一點(diǎn)。
It__was__11__o’clock__when he came back last night.
④他是昨晚十一點(diǎn)回來的。
It__was__at__11__o’clock__that he came back last night.

(1)“It be＋一段時(shí)間＋since ...”句型，意為“自從……以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。主句若用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，since從句用一般過去時(shí)；主句若用過去時(shí)，則從句用過去完成時(shí)。
(2)“It＋be＋一段時(shí)間＋before從句”，表示“多久之后才……”。
(3)“It＋be＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)＋when從句(時(shí)間狀語從句)”表示“做某事是在某時(shí)”。
(4)“It＋be＋介詞＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/段或地點(diǎn)＋that...”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
[佳句背誦] It’s ten years since the scientist set out on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.　
自從那位科學(xué)家開始去為發(fā)現(xiàn)這一有價(jià)值的化學(xué)物質(zhì)而工作，至今已經(jīng)10年了。
not...until...意為“直到……才……”
(教材P26)His mother couldn’t buy him a piano until he was seven.
直到7歲，他母親才給他買了一架鋼琴。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
①a.(2018·天津卷)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
b．(天津卷)It’s difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until we’ve actually had that lesson.
②(江蘇卷)Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.在recently后加did
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))I didn’t pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))Not__until__I__finished__my__studies__did__I__pursue__my__career__as__an__actress.(倒裝句式)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))It__was__not__until__I__finished__my__studies__that__I__pursued__my__career__as__an__actress.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式)

(1)not until置于句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝，即：“Not until＋從句＋did/does＋主語＋其他成分……”意為“直到……才……”(until后面的從句不倒裝)。
(2)not...until/till...意為“直到……才……”該句型中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表示的動(dòng)作或情景一直到until/till所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。
(3)until/till用于肯定句中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時(shí)間為止。
(4)not until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was not until...that...　
[佳句背誦] Not until he had failed in the job interview did he realize how important confidence was.　直到他面試失敗，他才意識(shí)到自信是多么重要。
This/That is why...為why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，意為“這/那就是……的原因”
(教材P26)This is why he went back to his roots and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.
這就是為什么他追根溯源，重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)民族音樂之美。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.
②He didn’t attend the meeting.That’s because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)我們選擇這部電影的原因是，它代表了我們親愛的學(xué)校的發(fā)展。
The__reason__why__we__choose__this__movie__is__that it represents the development of our beloved school.

(1)this/that is because ...　 這/那是因?yàn)椤?br /> (2)this is the reason why... 這就是……的原因
(3)the reason why...is that...
……的原因是……(why引導(dǎo)定語從句)　
[佳句背誦] I have a good command of English and am easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job.
我英語很好，很容易相處。這就是我寫信申請(qǐng)這份工作的原因。(2018·浙江卷6月)

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．Among sales representatives(represent) for a large American car manufacturer，those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.
2．Without the teacher’s permission(permit)，no one is to enter the library.
3．What was Jeff’s reaction(react) when you told him about the job?
4．(2018·北京卷)Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry(anger)．
5．(2018·江蘇卷)It is generally(general) considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．Using computers has a beneficial effect on children’s learning.
2．When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.
3．(2018·浙江卷6月)This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.
4．The applicants all tried to make a good impression on the boss.
5．In general, I am quite hard working, responsible, capable, and outgoing.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．The old man stood there with his eyes fixing on the old photo. fixing→fixed
2．The boy failed in the entrance exams, which made his parents disappointing. disappointing→disappointed
3．What was impressed me that night was the excellent performance of the disabled. 刪除第一個(gè)was
4．It is suggested that we could solve the problem in a simple way. could→should
5．He said that his research based on his ten years of careful research. 在第一個(gè)research后加was
維度四　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．(浙江卷)She was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile.On a daily basis, she reminded me that life goes on.基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)
2．(2019·江蘇卷)With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction.聯(lián)合；結(jié)合
3．The machine is performing poorly, which means there must be something wrong with it.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
4．He was awarded the first prize in the speech competition, which made his parents very proud.授予
5．You should make full preparations for the job interview if you want to leave a good impression on the judges.印象
6．As is known to us，Huawei has been transformed from a family business into an advanced firm.轉(zhuǎn)變

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
Like most exchange students, Mary 1.was(be) not used to the life in America when she first arrived there. In other 2.words(word), she could not fit in 3.with the fast pace of life there. She was laughed at by her new classmates at 4.times(time), because her English was poor. So she began to refer 5.to a lot of books and practiced speaking English every day. She walked in her room back and forth, 6.reading(read) English patiently. She also worked hard at other subjects so as 7.to__get(get) great grades, which left a good 8.impression(impress) on all of her teachers. At last, she wrote a book about her experiences, which became a best-seller as soon as it 9.came(come) out. Now, she knows 10.for sure what she really wants and what she will be.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①劉先生是一位著名音樂家，他因?yàn)槌錾谋硌荻@得了很多獎(jiǎng)。
Mr.Liu is a famous musician and he has__won__a__lot__of__awards__for__his__outstanding__performances．
②每次舉行音樂會(huì)，觀眾總被他優(yōu)美的歌聲迷住。
Every__time__the__concert__is__held,__the audience are__impressed__by his brilliant singing.
③他的作品對(duì)年輕的歌手產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。
His works have__a__great__effect__on young singers.
④他對(duì)年輕的歌手很負(fù)責(zé)任，他們從他那里學(xué)到了很多東西。
He is__very__responsible__for the young singers, who have learned__a__lot__from__him．
⑤劉先生在中國(guó)音樂的發(fā)展中起著重要作用。
Mr.Liu is playing__an__important__part in the development of Chinese music.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用非限制性定語從句升級(jí)句①
Mr.Liu__is__a__famous__musician,__who__has__won__a__lot__of__awards__for__his__outstanding__performances.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：at the same time)
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One possible version：
Mr.Liu is a famous musician, who has won a lot of awards for his outstanding performances. Every time the concert is held, the audience are impressed by his brilliant singing. At the same time, his works have a great effect on young singers.He is very responsible for the young singers, who have learned a lot from him. Mr.Liu is playing an important part in the development of Chinese music.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·洛陽、許昌質(zhì)檢)Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(豎琴), near Alexandria’s historic waterfront.
A glass harp is made up of different-sized drinking glasses, each containing water. Turner makes music by running his fingers over the tops of the glasses. By doing so, each glass makes a different musical sound.
Turner is 78 years old now. He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table. He has been playing it for 50 years.
Today Turner puts together his instrument by placing 60 different glasses on a wooden soundboard. He holds the glasses in place with rubber bands, which keeps them from breaking. He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound. Adding water to a glass will make a lower sound. The smaller bowls of water produce a higher sound, while the larger ones produce a lower, deeper sound.
Turner always uses low-priced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶) and he has more control over the sound. Before buying new glasses, he will test them in stores.
The glass harp was popular 300 years ago when composers like Wolfgang Mozart wrote music for the instrument. There have been about 400 pieces of music written just for the glass harp. But Turner plays all kinds of music, even popular music from China. Few people play the glass harp these days, but Turner says he sees videos of people experimenting with the instrument on the Internet. He hopes the next generation will continue making their music.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　杰米·特納經(jīng)常在弗吉尼亞州亞歷山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃豎琴：敲擊不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯，發(fā)出動(dòng)聽的樂聲。他不僅能演奏玻璃豎琴專門樂曲，還能用它演奏中國(guó)流行音樂。
1．What do we know about Turner?
A．He began playing the glass harp at six.
B．He often teaches glass harp lessons online.
C．He is a great master of the Chinese language.
D．He was inspired by his father to learn the glass harp.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“He became interested in playing the glass harp at the age of six, when he heard his father playing with a glass of water at the dinner table.”可知，在六歲時(shí)，杰米·特納聽到父親在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音樂，開始對(duì)玻璃豎琴產(chǎn)生興趣。據(jù)此可知，D項(xiàng)正確。
2．What does the author say about the glass harp?
A．Its inventor is Wolfgang Mozart.
B．It is made up of glasses of the same size.
C．It appears to be gaining in popularity today.
D．Its sounds are affected by the amount of water in the glasses.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“He then adds different amounts of water to each one to create different musical notes. Adding or taking away just a little water will change the sound.”可知，杯子中的水量不同，產(chǎn)生的音調(diào)也不同；添加或去掉少量水就會(huì)改變聲音。據(jù)此可知，玻璃豎琴的聲音受杯子中水量的影響，故D項(xiàng)正確。
3．Why does Turner prefer to use cheap glass?
A．To save money.
B．To produce better sounds.
C．To help recycle drinking glasses.
D．To increase difficulty in performing.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Turner always uses low-priced glass because it sounds better than costly crystal(水晶) and he has more control over the sound.”可知，特納總是使用低價(jià)玻璃杯是因?yàn)槠渎曇袈犉饋肀劝嘿F的水晶杯好聽，故B項(xiàng)正確。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Musician Pleases Crowds by Playing the Glass Harp
B．Playing the Glass Harp: a New Trend
C．Jamey Turner’s Dream Coming True
D．Wonderful Music Has No Borders
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“Jamey Turner often performs to large crowds in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia. You can find him playing an unusual musical instrument, the glass harp(豎琴), near Alexandria’s historic waterfront.”并結(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了一位音樂家為人群演奏玻璃豎琴的故事。故A項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
B
(2020·商丘高三模擬)Kendrick Lamar hasn’t had much luck when it comes to winning a Grammy. But that’s OK：The US rapper has just won a Pulitzer Prize for his music.
In 2014, in 2016, and again in 2018, Lamar was nominated(提名) for an album of the year Grammy. Each time, he was beaten out, first by Taylor Swift, next by Daft Punk, and most recently by Bruno Mars.
But the Pulitzer Prize committee was inspired enough by Lamar’s 2017 album, Damn., to award the Pulitzer Prize in music on April 16. It’s an amazing album that documents the real life of modern African-Americans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms.
Lamar’s win is considered to be historical. The Pulitzers have long displayed their preference towards high art rather than the pop culture of the masses. So it’s not just that no rapper has ever won a Pulitzer: no pop music maker has ever won one in the award’s history.
But Lamar is not just a singer—he’s clever at using language. Like the best writers, his music describes small moments that illustrate larger points. His songs are about his experience as a black man who grew up in California, struggled, got into trouble, and found his way out by working hard and making sense of the history and reality in the US.
“He’s an artist who challenges ideas，” said Ryan Coogler, director of the blockbuster(大片) Black Panther, for which Lamar created music. “One big theme in our film is this idea of ‘What does it mean to be African？’ Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”
Good artists entertain us, great artists make us think, and exceptional artists help us empathize(產(chǎn)生共鳴)．
There are a lot of good, great, even exceptional artists in rock, pop, country, and hip-hop. But only Lamar has won a Pulitzer Prize.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。美國(guó)說唱歌手Kendrick Lamar以說唱歌手的身份獲得了普利策獎(jiǎng)。
5．What is Lamar’s album Damn. about?
A．African-Americans’ history and culture.
B．Hardships of the African-American artists.
C．The ways the US government deal with problems.
D．The lives of modern black people in South Los Angeles.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It’s an amazing album that documents the real life of modern African-Americans in South Los Angeles with wildly accomplished beats and rhythms.”可知，Lamar的這張專輯主要講述的是生活在洛杉磯南部的當(dāng)代美籍非洲人的真實(shí)生活。故選D。
6．Why is Lamar’s Pulitzer Prize win significant?
A．He is the first film-maker to win the prize.
B．It is considered a milestone for pop music.
C．He is the first black person to win the prize.
D．He has missed Grammy several times before.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Lamar’s win is considered to be historical.”和“no pop music maker has ever won one in the award’s history”可推知，Lamar獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)具有重大意義。故選B。
7．What can we learn from Ryan Coogler’s words?
A．Lamar drew inspiration from his own experience.
B．Lamar has the courage to take on big challenges in life.
C．Black Panther is well known because of Lamar’s music.
D．Lamar’s music matches the theme of Black Panther well.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中Ryan Coogler說的話“One big theme in our film is this idea of ‘What does it mean to be African？’ Lamar in his music is very exactly and directly challenging that question.”可知，Lamar的音樂與電影《Black Panther》主題相一致。故選D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型貨車) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．
As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the worn-out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. Af first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words “Thank You”．
【解題導(dǎo)語】　“我們”在新年期間，開車去為無家可歸的人分發(fā)玩具：“我”遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看見了一位小女孩，她靠在垃圾堆里尋找食物為生；于是“我”走過去，將剛買不久的玩具娃娃送給了她，然后就離開了；“我們”發(fā)現(xiàn)那位女孩在追“我們”，于是停下了車，她向“我”說了句“謝謝”。
1．A.showing　　　　　　　 B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
C　解析：根據(jù)下文“我”送給小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我們”在新年期間給無家可歸的人分發(fā)玩具。故選C。A項(xiàng)意為“展示”；B項(xiàng)意為“推薦”；C項(xiàng)意為“分發(fā)”；D項(xiàng)意為“出售”。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．a(chǎn)pproached
D　解析：根據(jù)上文“我們”在新年期間去給無家可歸的人分發(fā)玩具，可推知此處指當(dāng)“我們”接近目的地的時(shí)候，有東西引起“我”的注意。故選D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．a(chǎn)ccepted
B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并結(jié)合語境可知，“我”很快意識(shí)到那是一戶貧困人家的家。故選B。A項(xiàng)意為“保證”；B項(xiàng)意為“意識(shí)到”；C項(xiàng)意為“決定”；D項(xiàng)意為“接受”。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．a(chǎn)dults
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)那里有兩個(gè)和“我”的年齡差不多的孩子，還有一位女士，可能是他們的母親。故選B。
5．A.happily B．a(chǎn)ngrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn-out dress”可推知，他們無助地坐在垃圾旁邊。故選D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作為一個(gè)小女孩，“我”尤其對(duì)那個(gè)小女孩感興趣。故選C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach” “I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，“我們”的生活差別很大。故選B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
A　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)小女孩在垃圾堆里尋找東西以填飽自己的肚子。故選A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
A　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，那個(gè)小女孩在垃圾堆里尋找食物，而“我”卻得到了很好的照顧，從來不用擔(dān)心食物。故選A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
C　解析：根據(jù)該空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，也有一個(gè)有前途的未來。故選C。A項(xiàng)意為“懷疑的”；B項(xiàng)意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“有前途的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可預(yù)知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
D　解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語境可推知，那位小女孩僅有的財(cái)產(chǎn)就是她身上穿的那件破舊的裙子。故選D。A項(xiàng)意為“禮物”；B項(xiàng)意為“裝飾”；C項(xiàng)意為“要求”；D項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)產(chǎn)”。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand”可推知，看到這個(gè)小女孩，“我”決定把剛買不久的玩具娃娃送給她。故選A。A項(xiàng)意為“贈(zèng)送”；B項(xiàng)意為“歸還”；C項(xiàng)意為“分發(fā)”；D項(xiàng)意為“提交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，“我”決定把剛買不久的玩具娃娃送給那個(gè)小女孩，所以當(dāng)車一停下來(stop)，“我”立刻下車，叫那個(gè)小女孩過來，然后將玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
B　解析：參見上題解析。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和語境可推知，剛開始那個(gè)小女孩驚訝地看著“我”。故選C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．a(chǎn)stonishment
A　解析：根據(jù)上文，他們絕望地坐在垃圾堆旁邊，并結(jié)合語境可推知，“我”將玩具娃娃放在她手里，她對(duì)“我”微笑，“我”從小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故選A。A項(xiàng)意為“希望”；B項(xiàng)意為“孤獨(dú)”；C項(xiàng)意為“焦慮”；D項(xiàng)意為“震驚”。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到車上，“我們”開始準(zhǔn)備離開(drive off)，那時(shí)“我們”才意識(shí)到，那位小女孩正在后面(behind)追趕“我們”。
18．A.behind B．a(chǎn)way
C．out D．in
A　解析：參見上題解析。
19．A.got along B．come along
C．caught up D．turned up
C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了“我們”。故選C。get along with “與……相處”；come along with “和……在一起”；catch up with “追上，趕上”。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，小女孩直視著“我”，說了兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的詞“Thank You”。故選D。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇語法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·滁州高三質(zhì)檢)A study of 500，000 songs released(發(fā)行) in the UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.
In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “‘Happiness’ is going down, ‘sadness’ is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more ‘danceable’ and more ‘party-like’，” co-author Natalia L．Komarova told The Associated Press.
The study found songs in 2014 like Stay with Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “l(fā)ow happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie to You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more unhappy songs are being released each year，” the researchers wrote.
Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s. “So it looks like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.
It was also found that the “maleness” of songs—the frequency of male singers in popular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterised by a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.
This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了流行音樂表達(dá)的情緒的變化趨勢(shì)。
1．The researchers examined lots of songs to ________．
A．find songs for dances and parties
B．choose songs for a journal
C．release more songs
D．know better about songs
D　解析：推理判斷題。本文第二段介紹了加州大學(xué)的研究者們調(diào)查了成千上萬的歌曲并把它們按情緒分類，緊接著得出歌曲分類的結(jié)果，可見他們調(diào)查歌曲的目的是想對(duì)歌曲有更多的了解，故選D。A、C兩項(xiàng)曲解文意；B項(xiàng)無中生有。
2．Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?
A．Natalia L．Komarova’s.
B．Sam Smith’s.
C．Gorgon City’s.
D．Bruce Springsteen’s.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen...had a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。Natalia L．Komarova為報(bào)道的合著者，而非歌手；Sam Smith、Gorgon City所演唱的歌曲有讓人開心感降低的趨勢(shì)，故排除。
3．What do we know about songs over the past three decades?
A．Rock became popular in the early 2000s.
B．Fewer unhappy songs came to light every year.
C．Male singers were better at performing pop music.
D．Female artists were less skilled in writing songs.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，搖滾樂在21世紀(jì)初開始流行，故A項(xiàng)正確。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容均與文意不符。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Pop Music Is Getting Sadder
B．Music Calls for Sex Equality
C．Pop Music Has a Long History
D．Music Industry Is Going Down
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)本文首段總述及后續(xù)段落的描述可知，全文重點(diǎn)介紹了流行音樂正變得越來越傷感，故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)僅是本文中提到的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)；C項(xiàng)不是本文的重點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)擴(kuò)大外延，屬過度概括，故排除。
B
(2020·馬鞍山高三模擬)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strange-looking creatures, covered with hard scales(鱗). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了穿山甲瀕臨滅絕的現(xiàn)狀，以及為保護(hù)穿山甲而采取的舉措。
5．Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because ________．
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“attention”和“these years”，我們把答案定位在第二段。該段開頭說，穿山甲近來成為中國(guó)人關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，然后提到一張屏幕截圖和一些圖片里，穿山甲成為人們的盤中珍饈，這與C項(xiàng)的描述是一致的。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.
B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.
C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.
D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一種哺乳動(dòng)物，故選D。
7．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________．
A．a(chǎn)ttract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins’ medical value
D．explain the law to people
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“World Pangolin Day”，我們把答案定位在最后一段。該段主要陳述了為保護(hù)穿山甲而采取的舉措，而這個(gè)節(jié)日能讓人們更多地了解穿山甲，從而提高人們保護(hù)穿山甲的意識(shí)，故選B。
8．What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
A　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，中國(guó)政府禁止任何人購(gòu)買和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止買賣穿山甲，局面正在好轉(zhuǎn)，由此可推知作者覺得這些措施是有效的，故選A。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·安陽診斷)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1.________ Remember, just because you can do something that does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.
Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2.________
Set up your personal boundaries.3.________ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.
4．________ People often won’t take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.
Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5.________ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.
A．This will help you say “No” with ease.
B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.
C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.
D．It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.
E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.
F．It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.
G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes” .
【解題導(dǎo)語】　我們可以通過設(shè)定邊界、不斷訓(xùn)練等方式，勇敢地向他人說“不”。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)前一句的內(nèi)容可知，很多人總是苦苦掙扎，不敢說“不”。由此可推知，如果總是這樣的話，當(dāng)別人要請(qǐng)你幫忙的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)感到你不得不說“可以”。故選G。
2．A　解析：本段講述的是要允許自己拒絕別人。很多人會(huì)不自覺地接受他人的請(qǐng)求，但是你并不是一定要對(duì)他人說“可以”，這是你的權(quán)利。記住這一點(diǎn)，將幫助你輕而易舉地拒絕別人。故選A。
3．D　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D項(xiàng)“如果你有一個(gè)理由的話，說‘不’總是比較容易的”符合語境，故選D。
4．B　解析：空后三句講述的是，人們通常不會(huì)接受“不”的，他們會(huì)找種種理由勸你改變主意，因此我們要堅(jiān)持自己的決定，不要輕易屈服。由此可推知，我們要知道他人的勸說技巧。故選B。
5．E　解析：本段講述的是要訓(xùn)練自己說“不”。該空前一句提到訓(xùn)練說“不”可能聽起來很愚蠢，但實(shí)際上你可以獨(dú)自去訓(xùn)練自己說“不”。由此可知E項(xiàng)“試著站在鏡子前，看著自己”符合語境，銜接上下文。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·駐馬店高三聯(lián)考)China’s space program has become the first 1.____________(land) a spacecraft on the so-called dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang’e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.____________empty surface that appears to be 3.____________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang’e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.____________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China’s 5.____________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.____________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.____________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University’s school of astronomy and space science. He told The Associated Press, “8.____________ the whole, China’s space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There’s no doubt 9.____________ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.
In 2013, Chang’e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union’s Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.____________(success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述“嫦娥四號(hào)”登陸月球背面介紹了中國(guó)的太空探索發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。
1．to land　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。the first to do sth.第一個(gè)做某事。故填to land。
2．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。surface是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且empty的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。
3．lit/lighted　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的介詞“by”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。
4．has lived　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代a subject，在從句中作主語，故此處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語for thousands of years可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填has lived。
5．growing　解析：考查形容詞。growing 是形容詞，意為“增長(zhǎng)的”，在句中作定語，修飾名詞desire。
6．programs　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。program是可數(shù)名詞，且其前無限定詞修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填programs。
7．its　解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞position。
8．On　解析：考查介詞。on the whole是固定搭配，意為“大體上”，符合語境，故填On。
9．that　解析：考查固定用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定用法there is no doubt that，意為“毫無疑問”，故填that。
10．successfully　解析：考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故填副詞successfully修飾其后的動(dòng)詞sent，在句子中作狀語。


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