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一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類(lèi)記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．punctuation n．　　　　　　 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
2．nationwide adv. 全國(guó)性地
3．trend n. 趨勢(shì)，傾向
4．theory n. 理論，學(xué)說(shuō)
5．enlarge vt. 擴(kuò)大
6．theft n. 偷竊
7．relative n. 親戚，親屬
8．tight adj. 繃緊的
9．transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的
10．outline vt. 勾出輪廓
11．certificate n. 證書(shū)；證明
12．diploma n. 畢業(yè)證書(shū)
13．candidate n. 候選人
14．a(chǎn)mateur adj. 業(yè)余的
15．sincerely adv. 真誠(chéng)地
16．purchase vt. 購(gòu)買(mǎi)
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫(xiě)其形
1．thankful adj. 為……感到高興的；感謝的
2．fold v. 折疊；交叉
3．decade n. 十年
4．ensure vt. 確保，保證
5．a(chǎn)ttain vt. 達(dá)到；獲得
6．a(chǎn)ccelerate vi.& vt. 加速
7．guarantee vt. 保證
8．resemble vt. 像；與……相似
9．target n. 目標(biāo)
10．unconscious adj. 無(wú)意的；不知不覺(jué)的
11．merely adv. 只；僅僅
12．competence n. 能力
13．register vt. 登記
14．punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．fluency n．流利度，流暢度→fluent adj.流利的，流暢的→fluently adv.流利地
2．a(chǎn)ccuracy n．精確度，準(zhǔn)確度→accurate adj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的→accurately adv.精確地
3．a(chǎn)bsence n．缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的
4．surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞→surrounding adj.周?chē)摹鷖urroundings n．環(huán)境
5．a(chǎn)dequate adj.足夠的，充分的→adequately adv.足夠地；充分地
6．a(chǎn)djust vt.調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整→adjustable adj.可調(diào)整的→adjustment n．調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整
7．inform vt.告知，通知→information n．信息
8．a(chǎn)nnouncement n．通告；宣告→announce v．通知；告知
9．congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀，賀喜
10．negotiate vt.協(xié)商；談判→negotiation n．談判；協(xié)商
11．offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯
12．a(chǎn)pproval n．贊成；贊許；批準(zhǔn)→approve vt.贊成→approving adj.同意的；贊成的
13．a(chǎn)pplicant n．申請(qǐng)人→apply v．申請(qǐng)→application n．申請(qǐng)
14．embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人難堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，難堪

1.想要一份工作需要什么？
①certificate　　　 證書(shū)；證明
②competence 能力
③diploma 畢業(yè)證書(shū)
④resume 簡(jiǎn)歷
⑤application 申請(qǐng)書(shū)
⑥interview 面試
⑦punctual 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的；守時(shí)的
2.前綴“en-”/后綴“-en”動(dòng)詞知多少
①enrich　　　　 使充實(shí)
②enable 使能夠
③enlarge 擴(kuò)大
④ensure 確保，擔(dān)保
⑤endanger 使……遭遇危險(xiǎn)
⑥widen 加寬
⑦broaden 擴(kuò)大
3.與“購(gòu)物”相關(guān)的名詞一覽
①discount　　　　　　 折扣
②customer 顧客
③consumer 消費(fèi)者
④purchase 購(gòu)買(mǎi)
⑤bargain 便宜貨
⑥cashier 出納員
⑦refund 退款
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．team__up　　　　　　　　 合作
2．stand__out 出色；突出
3．get__ahead 取得成功；獲得進(jìn)步
4．rely__on 依靠；依賴
5．take__the__form__of 采取……形式
6．a(chǎn)djust...to... 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……
7．inform__sb.of__sth. 通知某人某事
8．consist__of__ 由……組成，構(gòu)成
9．catch__on 學(xué)會(huì)，受歡迎
10．for__ages 很久，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
11．congratulate__sb.on__sth. 就某事向某人祝賀
12．on__purpose 故意地
13．regardless__of 不管；不顧
14．on__the__other__hand 另一方面
15．I__bet 我肯定
16．more__than 不僅僅，超過(guò)

1.“devote...to(介詞)”朋友圈
①adapt...to...　　　 使適應(yīng)；使配合
②adjust...to... 調(diào)節(jié)……以適應(yīng)
③addict...to... 使……對(duì)……上癮
④apply...to... 把……應(yīng)用于……
⑤prefer...to... 喜歡……勝過(guò)……
2.“不管；不顧”詞語(yǔ)一覽
①in spite of　　　　 盡管；不管
②despite 盡管；不管
③regardless of 不管；不顧
④no matter 不管，無(wú)論
⑤leave alone 不管；不理
3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短語(yǔ)集錦
①by accident　　　 偶然地
②by chance 偶然地
③by design 故意地
④on purpose 故意地
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is predicted that...據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)……
It__was__predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在十八世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，人們就預(yù)測(cè)有一天英語(yǔ)會(huì)成為全球語(yǔ)言。在過(guò)去的幾十年，事實(shí)證明確實(shí)如此。
句型2：whether...or...無(wú)論是……還是……，不管是……還是……
Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
無(wú)論是說(shuō)還是寫(xiě)，高質(zhì)量的輸入確保高質(zhì)量的輸出。
句型3：while表示對(duì)比，意為“而，卻”
Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.　歡呼雀躍的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示懷疑的(人)則更容易被忽略。
句型4：provided that引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果，倘若”
Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided__that I pay in advance.
第三，你們說(shuō)如果我預(yù)付貨款就有折扣。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．I think it may take some time before we can have an accurate(準(zhǔn)確的) assessment of the damage.
2．A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(獲得) after middle age.
3．(2017·江蘇卷)This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed(保證) to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
4．We just naturally think that the future will resemble(與……相似) the past.
5．Don’t be so serious. I merely(僅僅) played a joke on you.
6．It is a beautiful city, surrounded(surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
7．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent(absence). I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
8．We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.
9．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassing(embarrass) questions about its finance.
10．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．I’m not convinced about the accuracy of the weather report. That is, I think it is not accurate,__for it’s impossible to predict the weather accurately．(accurate)
2．She could speak fluent English.When we heard her speak English so fluently，we were amazed at her fluency in English.(fluent)
3．Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s approving nod, he knew that his plan was approved．(approve)
4．To our embarrassment,__all of us had no money to pay the bill.In that embarrassing situation，all of us were very embarrassed．(embarrass)
5．The children are good at adjusting．As for the chairs, they are adjustable and you can make some adjustments to them.(adjust)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
catch on; provided that; for ages; consist of; differ from; get ahead; keep in mind; keep sb. informed of
To 1.get__ahead in English, Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch__on her lessons 3.for__ages. Several days ago, she joined the English Corner 4.consisting__of twenty students.She 5.differs__from other students in some aspects. For example, she often 6.keeps__in__mind what she has learned and tries her best to 7.keep__herself__informed__of the latest learning methods 8.provided__that she has the opportunity.
on the one hand; stand out; adjust oneself to; on the other hand; congratulate sb. on; in the absence of
To 9.stand__out in his class and make progress, John worked very hard. And to achieve his goal, he 10.adjusted__himself quickly to the new surroundings, learning the latest news.
In addition, he attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well 11.in__the__absence__of the native language environment. So to ensure that he could achieve his goal, 12.on__the__one__hand,__he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible at school, and 13.on__the__other__hand,__he listened to BBC news reports and watched English programmes.
At last, his hard work paid off and all of his friends 14.congratulated__him__on his progress.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．預(yù)計(jì)隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的繼續(xù)，會(huì)有更多人失業(yè)。
It__is__predicted__that more jobs will be lost with the war going on.
2．無(wú)論好壞，我已經(jīng)決定接受這份工作邀請(qǐng)。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether__it__is__good__or__bad．
3．我去游泳，而其他的人都打網(wǎng)球去了。
I went swimming while the others played tennis.
4．只要情況允許，我們下周將舉行會(huì)議。
Provided__that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.


absence　n．缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) shall be in charge in the absence of the manager.
②During his absence from Guangzhou his co-workers did a lot of work.
③The accident resulted from his absence of mind during driving.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
在我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有上學(xué)后，我的老師和同學(xué)們都幫助我補(bǔ)習(xí)功課。
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my__long__absence__from__school．(absence)
⑤My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I__had__been__absent__from__school__for__a__long__time．(absent)

(1)absence from school/work　 缺課/缺勤
absence of mind 心不在焉的
in the absence of (人)不在，缺席；
(物)不存在，缺少
in one’s absence 在某人不在時(shí)，
在某人缺席時(shí)
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
[佳句背誦] It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident.　就是他開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)的心不在焉才差點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致一起嚴(yán)重事故。
surround　vt.圍繞；環(huán)繞
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
b．(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.
c．(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The tall building which__is__surrounded__by__a__great__many__big__trees__in__the__distance is home to my father’s company.(定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
　　　　　　　　 使某人/某物被……包圍
(2)surrounding adj. 周?chē)?br /> surroundings n. 環(huán)境 (通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式) 　
[佳句背誦] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.　從遠(yuǎn)處的山上看，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)平遙市仍被古城墻圍繞著。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)surroundings專(zhuān)指自然環(huán)境；
(2)environment可指自然環(huán)境也可指精神環(huán)境，常用單數(shù)形式。
[詞塊助記](méi)
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
　　　　　　　　　 有關(guān)酗酒的一些問(wèn)題
the surrounding scenery 四周的風(fēng)景
guarantee　vt.保證；擔(dān)?！．保證；保修；擔(dān)保；抵押品
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.I guarantee to__pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
b．We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to__succeed(succeed) in the end.
②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)吧，我保證你不會(huì)后悔的。
③Take this opportunity, and I guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee v．)
④Take this opportunity, and I give__you__a__guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee n．)

(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　　 向某人保證某事
guarantee to do/that...
保證做……；確?！?br /> (2)under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi)
give sb. a guarantee (that)．..
向某人保證……　
[佳句背誦] ①Not only is working hard a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements.　努力工作不僅是成功的保證，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。
②The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.
這輛汽車(chē)還在保修期內(nèi)，所以你應(yīng)該可以免費(fèi)修理。
adjust　v．調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整；校準(zhǔn)；使適應(yīng)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①This kind of desk can be__adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all.
②I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous village alone.
③(江蘇卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to(讓他很難適應(yīng)) the first-year college life.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to__the__first-year__college__life．(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)adjust...to...　　　　 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……
adjust (oneself) to... (使自己)適應(yīng)……
(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)
make an adjustment to 對(duì)……進(jìn)行調(diào)整　
[佳句背誦] I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
雖然天氣、食物與你那兒的有所不同，但我相信你會(huì)很快適應(yīng)的。
[名師點(diǎn)津] adjust to...和adjust...to...中的to都是介詞，其后需接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
inform　vt.告知；通知
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme’s progress.
③He threatened to__inform(inform) the government of his illegal activities.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))I’m more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))I’m more than delighted to inform__you__of the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.

(1)inform sb. of sth. 告訴/通知某人某事
inform sb. that/when/how...
通知某人……
keep sb. informed (of...)　　　
使某人隨時(shí)了解(……)
(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情報(bào)；信息
[佳句背誦] I’m Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League.
我是李華，是我們學(xué)校排球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。我寫(xiě)信是想通知你我們隊(duì)要參加全國(guó)聯(lián)賽。(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
congratulate　vt.祝賀；慶賀
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
① (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to__congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
②Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Championship!
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我祝賀你在“漢語(yǔ)橋”漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。
③I would like to __express__my__congratulations__to__you__on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n．)
④I would like to congratulate__you__on__ your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest. (congratulate vt.)

(1)congratulate sb. on
　　　　　　　　　 祝賀某人某事/做某事
(2)congratulation n. 祝賀；恭喜
congratulations to sb. on sth.
祝賀某人某事
[佳句背誦] Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.　祝賀你在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
[名師點(diǎn)津] congratulation在用作名詞時(shí)常常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
resemble　vt.像；與……相似
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
②The animals make a strange sound, resembling(resemble) the bark of a dog.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
電影里發(fā)生的事和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活幾乎沒(méi)有相似之處。
③What happens in the film is__hardly__similar__to what actually happened.(similar)
④What happens in the film bears__little__resemblance__to what actually happened.(resemblance)

(1)resemble sb./sth.(in)... (在……方面)與某人/某物相似
(2)resemblance n. 相似
bear a resemblance to(＝be similar to...)
與……相似　
[佳句背誦] From afar, the reed houses resemble the rice dumplings we have at Dragon Boat Festival.
蘆葦屋遠(yuǎn)看像極了我們端午節(jié)吃的粽子。
get ahead　取得進(jìn)步；獲得成功；領(lǐng)先
[能力提升]——完成句子
①對(duì)我來(lái)講，此時(shí)最重要的是在工作上獲得成功。
Getting__ahead__at__work is the most important thing to me at the moment.
②現(xiàn)在我們必須忘掉所有不愉快的事并且展望未來(lái)。
We have to forget all the sad things now and look__ahead．
③(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)他雖然受了傷，但是沒(méi)有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。
Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead__of__me．

get ahead of　　　　　 超過(guò)；勝過(guò)
go ahead 前進(jìn)；干吧；說(shuō)吧
go ahead with 開(kāi)始
look ahead 向前看
ahead of 在……之前；勝過(guò)，超過(guò)　
[佳句背誦] He was talking about the way to get ahead in business.
他正在談如何成功地拓展業(yè)務(wù)。
take the/a form of　以……的形式出現(xiàn)(存在)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) saw Mike last night—he was in good form，which made me relieved.
②In other words, help in the form of money will be very welcome.
③(廣東卷)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.
④You need to fill in/out a form if you want to apply for this position.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(重慶卷)自從那時(shí)，我已養(yǎng)成了與朋友定期打籃球的習(xí)慣，這有助于我們變得更強(qiáng)大、 更自信。
Since then, I__have__formed__the__habit__of__playing__basketball with my friends regularly, which helps us to grow stronger and become more confident.

(1)form the habit of doing sth.＝get into/fall into the habit of doing sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　 養(yǎng)成做某事的習(xí)慣
(2)in the form of 以……的形式；
呈現(xiàn)……的形式
in form 競(jìng)技狀態(tài)佳的
out of form 競(jìng)技狀態(tài)不佳的
fill in/out a form 填表　
[佳句背誦] Usually these favors take the form of an introduction, reference, feedback, or broadcast on social media.
通常情況下，這些人情的表現(xiàn)形式是相互介紹、做出擔(dān)保、給予反饋或者在社交媒體上傳播信息。
catch on　學(xué)會(huì)；受歡迎；流行起來(lái)；(與to連用)理解；被接受
[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中catch on的含義
①He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.流行起來(lái)
②He is very quick to catch on to things.理解
③I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受歡迎
④If only this idea could catch on，we should be able to make much money out of it.被接受
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
⑤It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly.
⑥John ran too fast for me to catch up with him.
⑦The girl dressed in white was once caught steal from the supermarket. steal→stealing
⑧He was walking in the street when he caught the sight of a bird in the tree. 刪除第二個(gè)the

catch hold of　　　　　 抓住
catch up (with) 趕上
catch sb.doing sth. 撞見(jiàn)某人做某事
catch sight of 看見(jiàn)　
[佳句背誦] ①M(fèi)others catch on to what their children think about.
媽媽們最理解她們的孩子們?cè)谙胧裁础?br /> ②Keep an eye out for the beautiful, observe the unusual, and catch sight of the surprising.
留意周?chē)唤?jīng)意的美麗，觀察那些不同尋常的事物，捕捉那令人驚艷的一瞥。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “v.＋on”的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)還有：agree on, carry on, come on, depend on, focus on等。
on the other hand　另一方面；反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①To improve your English, firstly, you should listen more；secondly(second), you should read more；last but not least, you should put what you have learned into use.
②They didn’t buy the car. For one thing, they didn’t like its color; for another,__it was too expensive.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·浙江卷6月)一方面，我精通英語(yǔ)；另一方面我有陪伴外國(guó)朋友的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
On__the__one__hand,__I have a good command of spoken English；on__the__other__hand I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
④一方面，我對(duì)那部電影沒(méi)有興趣；另一方面，我沒(méi)有時(shí)間。
For__one__thing,__I don’t have any interest in that movie; for__another,__I have no time.

表示列舉的表達(dá)方式：
(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...　　　　　　　　
一方面……；另一方面……
(2)for one thing ...; for another (thing) ...
首先/一則……；其次/二則……
(3)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ...
第一……；第二……　
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)on the one hand...; on the other hand... “一方面……；另一方面……”，常用來(lái)表述一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤其對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)、思想等。
(2)for one thing...; for another (thing)．..“首先……；其次……”，所述兩個(gè)方面的情況常常一致。

whether...or...無(wú)論是……還是……，不管是……還是……
(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
無(wú)論是說(shuō)還是寫(xiě)，高質(zhì)量的輸入確保高質(zhì)量的輸出。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(山東卷)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
②(2018·北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(牛津詞典)不管成功與否，我們確實(shí)已盡了最大努力。
Whether__we__are__successful__or__not,__we can be sure that we did our best.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
④究竟此事對(duì)我們有害還是有利，還有待驗(yàn)證。
Whether__it__will__do__us__harm__or__good__remains to be seen.(主語(yǔ)從句)

(1)whether ...or ...“無(wú)論是……還是……， 不管是……還是……”， 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2)whether ...or ...也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。
(3)whether也可和or not 連用?！?
[佳句背誦] Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
你兒子可能不是他隊(duì)里最好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。但是如果他每天都在那里努力訓(xùn)練，不管他的球隊(duì)是贏還是輸，你都應(yīng)該對(duì)他的努力提出表?yè)P(yáng)。(2019·浙江卷6月)
provided that引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果，倘若”
(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.　第三，你們說(shuō)如果我預(yù)付貨款就有折扣。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)’ll agree to go to that famous city provided(provide) that my expenses are paid.
②Given(give) that flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could we go?
[能力提升]——一句多譯
只要你把作業(yè)做完，你就可以出去玩。
③You can go out to play as__long__as__you__finish__your__homework．(as long as)
④You can go out to play on__condition__that__you__finish__your__homework．(on condition that)
⑤You can go out to play provided__that__you__finish__your__homework．(provided that)

此句中的provided that為連詞，表示“如果，倘若”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，that可以省去，也可用providing替換provided。與之同義的結(jié)構(gòu)還有suppose/supposing that/given that/assuming that/as long as/on condition that等?！?
[佳句背誦] ①Provided that there is no objection, we will begin the next item.
如果沒(méi)有異議，我們將開(kāi)始下一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
②Providing that he can win the support of most of his classmates, he will be elected monitor.
如果他能贏得大多數(shù)同學(xué)的支持，他就會(huì)被選為班長(zhǎng)。


維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire(acquisition) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)．
3．My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly(tight) and tried not to fall.
4．It is impossible to say with any accuracy(accurate) how many are affected.
5．With the levels of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly, the global(globe) temperature continues going up.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．It is reported that a mine accident happened in a town in Shanxi Province.
2．The boss asked us to keep him informed of what’s going on in the company.
3．We have been training our students to adjust themselves to the life here.
4．Provided/Providing that they refuse our plan，who else can you turn to for help?
5．You may even catch sight of a polar bear on the ice.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．The old man has adjusted himself to live in this big city since he came here.live→living
2．Being a foreigner，Mike did not catch on the joke at the time.在on后加to
3．Provide that the price is reasonable，I will buy the second-hand car.Provide→Provided/Providing
4．He likes the kind of car，which has guaranteed for one year for parts and labor.在has后加been
5．The teacher would inform the woman any progress that her son made at school.在any前加of
維度四　語(yǔ)境品詞(寫(xiě)出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義)
1．We offered our sincere congratulations to her when she finally graduated from college.祝賀
2．Surrounded by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.包圍；環(huán)繞
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.告知；通知
4．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee efficient learning. 保證
5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”不存在

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
As a candidate, David worked very hard to attain his target. On the one hand, he adjusted 1.himself(him) to the new surroundings. On the other hand, he kept himself 2.informed(inform) of the latest news. Besides, 3.to__ensure(ensure) adequate chances to speak, he registered for classes online, 4.because he was aware that it was hard to learn English well 5.in the absence of native speakers. 6.What surprised all was that he not merely attended classes 7.punctually(punctual) and read books adapted for beginners, but he also 8.enlarged(enlarge) his vocabulary through different 9.media(medium). At last, his hard work 10.paid(pay) off and all of his friends congratulated him on his progress.
提能二　話題寫(xiě)作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫(xiě)滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，說(shuō)流利的英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們非常重要。
It is very important for us to speak__fluent__English in today’s world.
②要掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，我認(rèn)為擴(kuò)大詞匯量是必不可少的。
To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think it__is__essential__to__enlarge__our__vocabulary．
③我們應(yīng)該盡量置身于母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的人的包圍之中。
We should try__to__be__surrounded__by__those__native__speakers．
④我們不能太依賴母語(yǔ)。
We shouldn’t rely__on__our__mother__tongue__too__much．
⑤只要我們堅(jiān)持努力練習(xí)，遲早我們會(huì)脫穎而出的。
If we keep practicing English, we will stand__out__sooner__or__later．
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用“be of＋名詞”升級(jí)句①
It__is__of__great__importance__for__us__to__speak__fluent__English__in__today’s__world.
⑦用as long as引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句⑤
As__long__as__we__keep__practicing__English,__we__will__stand__out__sooner__or__later.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：first of all, secondly, lastly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
It is of great importance for us to speak fluent English in today’s world. To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think, first of all, it is essential to enlarge our vocabulary. Secondly, we should try to be surrounded by those native speakers. Lastly, we shouldn’t rely on our mother tongue too much. As long as we keep practicing English, we will stand out sooner or later.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
閱讀理解
A
(2020·太原模擬)Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟諳兩種語(yǔ)言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)能使大腦更加聰明、更加健康、更活躍；學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)永遠(yuǎn)不遲。
1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Gabriella家中有三種不同的雙語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)類(lèi)型的人，據(jù)此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭為例是為了說(shuō)明三種不同雙語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)類(lèi)型的人，故C項(xiàng)正確。
2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言更容易是因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)育中的大腦讓他們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中使用兩個(gè)大腦半球，而在大多數(shù)成年人中，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言依賴于一個(gè)大腦半球，通常是左半球，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease.　　　　　　　　　 B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是該句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，畫(huà)線詞與C項(xiàng)“不利因素，障礙”意思相近，故C項(xiàng)正確。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明，雙語(yǔ)可能會(huì)讓你更聰明。它確實(shí)會(huì)讓你的大腦更復(fù)雜、更健康、更活躍；據(jù)此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言會(huì)促進(jìn)大腦的發(fā)展，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通話) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟練) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講了普通話在美國(guó)學(xué)生中日益流行。
5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)普通話對(duì)他的未來(lái)職業(yè)有幫助，所以才決定學(xué)習(xí)普通話。
6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．a(chǎn) slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a(chǎn) sharp tone of voice D．a(chǎn)n exciting quality
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展，學(xué)習(xí)普通話大有裨益，由此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)普通話讓美國(guó)學(xué)生在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這與文章第五段的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。故畫(huà)線詞意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”，與A項(xiàng)含義相近。
7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是對(duì)第六段的整體理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看來(lái)，美國(guó)政府的政策有助于普通話在美國(guó)的推廣。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
A　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是普通話在美國(guó)學(xué)生中日益流行的現(xiàn)象，這與最后一段的進(jìn)一步論述呼應(yīng)。故選A。
完形填空
(2020·信陽(yáng)高三調(diào)研)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”
Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.
Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a non-profit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.
I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲絕，因?yàn)樗?jīng)在“我”人生最艱難的時(shí)期陪伴“我”；狗離開(kāi)“我”之后，“我”開(kāi)始思考如何回報(bào)它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服務(wù)行列。
1．A.open B．close
C．shine D．fade
B　解析：根據(jù)本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即將永遠(yuǎn)閉上。故選B。
2．A.brought B．told
C．saved D．owed
A　解析：根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，“我”九歲時(shí)，F(xiàn)lash走進(jìn)“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此處表示它曾經(jīng)給“我”帶來(lái)了那么多的快樂(lè)。故選A。
3．A.relief B．chance
C．bonus D．reward
D　解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，為了報(bào)答Flash的陪伴，“我”將盡自己的能力做一些事情回報(bào)它。故選D。
4．A.mind B．room
C．world D．power
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九歲時(shí)，F(xiàn)lash進(jìn)入“我”的世界。故選C。
5．A.helped B．filled
C．protected D．decorated
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，F(xiàn)lash讓“我”的家充滿歡樂(lè)。故選B。
6．A.disasters B．stories
C．wonders D．mistakes
A　解析：根據(jù)下文可知，母親患了癌癥，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在學(xué)校受到同學(xué)的欺負(fù)。由此可知，“我”的家庭經(jīng)歷了一系列不幸的事情，故選A。
7．A.burden B．trouble
C．strength D．challenge
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，祖母當(dāng)時(shí)是“我”的力量源泉。故選C。
8．A.caused B．noticed
C．fought D．suffered
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹當(dāng)時(shí)在檢查的過(guò)程中，遭受了心臟病的折磨。故選D。
9．A.skip B．give
C．take D．enjoy
A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”當(dāng)時(shí)在學(xué)校受到欺負(fù)，并且開(kāi)始避開(kāi)人群。由此可推知，“我”當(dāng)時(shí)開(kāi)始逃課。故選A。
10．A.comment B．comfort
C．expectation D．relaxation
B　解析：根據(jù)該段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，F(xiàn)lash給了“我”極大的安慰。故選B。
11．A.hope B．time
C．money D．use
A　解析：根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，“我”曾經(jīng)遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”時(shí)常感到生活沒(méi)有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可愛(ài)的臉龐總是能讓“我”感到寬慰。故選A。
12．A.frequently B．sometimes
C．hardly D．a(chǎn)lways
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，F(xiàn)lash總是能夠在“我”最困難的時(shí)候，一直陪伴“我”。故選D。
13．A.aging B．gone
C．missing D．deserted
B　解析：根據(jù)本文第一句并結(jié)合該句可知，現(xiàn)在，15年后，F(xiàn)lash去世了。故選B。
14．A.searched B．competed
C．volunteered D．performed
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“a non-profit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)工作。故選C。
15．A.attending to B．meeting with
C．talking about D．bringing up
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”貢獻(xiàn)了大約3 500個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)照看有特殊需要的孩子。故選A。A項(xiàng)意為“照料”。
16．A.earth B．journey
C．holiday D．street
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通過(guò)志愿者服務(wù)，“我”的生活完全變了，“我”開(kāi)始喜歡自己過(guò)去所經(jīng)歷的旅程，甚至接受了最難接受的那些事情。故選B。
17．A.fantastic B．a(chǎn)bsurd
C．hard D．pleasant
C　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
18．A.led B．forced
C．trained D．persuaded
A　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，F(xiàn)lash引導(dǎo)“我”去幫助他人。故選A。
19．A.fullest B．craziest
C．tiniest D．saddest
D　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，F(xiàn)lash的去世是“我”人生中最難過(guò)的時(shí)刻之一。故選D。
20．A.explained B．transformed
C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．described
B　解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，F(xiàn)lash的去世也是讓“我”發(fā)生改變的時(shí)刻。故選B。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋
1篇語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀理解
A
(2020·合肥重點(diǎn)高中摸底)Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神經(jīng)的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，狗的確能理解主人說(shuō)的話。
1．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亞特蘭大的埃默里大學(xué)的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究似乎表明， “人類(lèi)最好的朋友”確實(shí)知道主人在說(shuō)什么，并結(jié)合全文可知，該研究的目的是測(cè)試狗是如何理解主人的話的，故D項(xiàng)正確。
2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B　解析：寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了進(jìn)行研究的過(guò)程，包括讓不同品種的狗識(shí)別不同材料的兩個(gè)玩具等，據(jù)此可知，該段旨在介紹研究過(guò)程，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，對(duì)于不熟悉的單詞，狗的大腦呈現(xiàn)出高水平的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，而人類(lèi)的大腦相反，故B項(xiàng)正確。
4．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，盡管狗可能理解人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言，但科學(xué)家們建議使用視覺(jué)信號(hào)和嗅覺(jué)來(lái)訓(xùn)練它們，故C項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020·貴陽(yáng)適應(yīng)性考試一)Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost two-thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world-class cuisine！”
They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了語(yǔ)言障礙成為英國(guó)人出國(guó)旅游的一大顧慮。
5．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對(duì)前兩段的整體理解可推知，英國(guó)人的語(yǔ)言能力比較差，故選A。
6．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?
A．About 10%.　　　　　　　 B．About 12%.
C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英國(guó)人因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言障礙不能正確點(diǎn)餐，故選C。
7．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples.
C．By making description. D．By listing data.
D　解析：寫(xiě)作手法題。根據(jù)對(duì)文章的整體理解可知，本文列舉了大量的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)論證作者的觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，本文是通過(guò)列出數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)展開(kāi)的，故選D。
七選五
(2020·合肥第二次質(zhì)檢)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行動(dòng)物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “l(fā)ook good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive selftalk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了培養(yǎng)耐心的幾個(gè)有效的方法。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培養(yǎng)耐心需要花費(fèi)精力，因而推薦一些有效的方法用來(lái)訓(xùn)練我們應(yīng)對(duì)痛苦及煩惱的能力，因此當(dāng)更大的麻煩來(lái)臨時(shí)，我們將已經(jīng)有耐心應(yīng)對(duì)困難的時(shí)刻。故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
2．F　解析：根據(jù)空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保護(hù)我們自己和我們認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的東西的沖動(dòng)絕對(duì)是由習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解負(fù)面情緒根深蒂固的本性。故選F。
3．B　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，問(wèn)題不是出現(xiàn)在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出現(xiàn)在我們的思考方式上，因此解決痛苦是一種內(nèi)在的活動(dòng)。故選B。
4．E　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我們經(jīng)常忽略了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即我們處于痛苦之中，而我們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)總是全部集中在解決問(wèn)題上。
5．A　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所在位置可知，空處為段落主題句；通讀本段可知，本段主要是說(shuō)要積極地自我對(duì)話，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fast-food restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　這是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了美國(guó)青少年暑期生活的變化。
1．cleaning　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空前的并列連詞and可知，空處與前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)。
2．However　解析：考查副詞。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此處前后句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。
3．their　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處修飾名詞free time，故應(yīng)用they的形容詞性物主代詞their在句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“他們的”。
4．from　解析：考查固定搭配。這種變化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而難以支付大學(xué)的費(fèi)用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”為固定搭配。
5．expectations　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空前的“their”可知，空處應(yīng)用expect的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“他們的那些期望”。
6．a(chǎn)ccounts　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，文章介紹的是一般情況，且主語(yǔ)是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式accounts。
7．what　解析：考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞learn的賓語(yǔ)，指物，因此填what。
8．is considered　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，文章介紹的是一般情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處表示“這被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)明智的選擇”，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
9．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此處表示泛指“一項(xiàng)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)”，且human的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，故用不定冠詞a。
10．practical　解析：考查形容詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用practical “實(shí)用的”。




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