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一、語基必備知識
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．character n．　　　　　　　 人物；性格
2．province n. 省
3．a(chǎn)stronaut n. 宇航員
4．gravity n. 地心引力
5．reporter n. 記者，通訊員
6．helicopter n. 直升機(jī)
7．republic n. 共和國
8．march vi.& n. 游行示威；行軍
9．brilliant adj. 卓越的
10．champion n. 冠軍
11．event n. 競賽；事件
12．a(chǎn)thlete n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)員
13．a(chǎn)fterwards adv. 然后，后來
14．disaster n. 災(zāi)難
15．relationship n. 關(guān)系
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．calm adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的
2．a(chǎn)tmosphere n. 大氣；氣氛
3．million num. 百萬
4．wave vi. 揮手示意，致意
5．found vt. 建立，創(chuàng)立
6．opinion n. 意見，看法，主張
7．struggle n. 斗爭，拼搏
8．quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)
9．medal n. 獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，勛?br /> 10．flight n. 飛行；航班
11．dive vi.& n. 跳水；潛水
12．a(chǎn)bsolutely adv. 當(dāng)然；絕對地
13．confident adj. 自信的
14．unusual adj. 不平常的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方
2．violent adj. 暴力的→violently adv. 猛烈地→violence n．暴力，暴行
3．explore vt. 探測；勘探→exploration n. 探測；探究；探索→explorer n．探索者
4．personally adv. 就自己而言→personal adj.個(gè)人的→person__n. 個(gè)人
5．equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 相等；平等
6．skilful adj.靈巧的，熟練的→skilfully adv.熟練地→skill n．技巧
7．useless adj.差勁的；無用的→ useful adj.有用的 →use vt.使用 n．用處
8．compete vi.比賽，競爭→competition n．比賽→competitor n．競爭者，對手→competitive adj. 競爭的；比賽的
9．a(chǎn)mazing adj. 令人驚異的→amaze vt. 使驚異→amazed adj. 驚奇的，吃驚的→amazement n. 驚訝
10．fortunately adv. 幸運(yùn)地→unfortunately adv. 不幸地(反義詞)→fortunate adj. 幸運(yùn)的→fortune n. 運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富；命運(yùn)
11．promote vt. 促進(jìn)，提升→promotion n. 提升；晉升；推銷
12．injury n. 傷害，損害→injure vt. 傷害，損害→injured adj.受傷的
13．commit vt.犯(錯(cuò)誤)，干(壞事)→commitment n．承諾
14．react vi. 反應(yīng)→reaction n．反應(yīng)
15．a(chǎn)dmire vt.欽佩，羨慕→admirer n．欽佩者；贊賞者→admiration n. 欽佩，羨慕→admirable adj. 令人欽佩的→admiring adj.欽佩的；羨慕的

1.靠腿“走”路
①wander v．　　 漫步；閑逛
②pace v. 踱步；緩慢而行
③crawl v. 爬行；匍匐行進(jìn)
④march v. 行軍，進(jìn)軍
⑤rush v. 沖；奔；闖
⑥walk v. 散步
2.“性格”相關(guān)形容詞集錦
①generous　 　 慷慨的
②devoted 有獻(xiàn)身精神的
③confident 自信的
④calm 鎮(zhèn)靜的
⑤considerate 體貼的
⑥gentle 溫柔的
3.“職場經(jīng)歷”相關(guān)詞精選
①appoint　　　 任命；委派
②dismiss/fire 開除；解雇
③resign 辭職
④apply 申請
⑤promote 升職
⑥r(nóng)esume 簡歷
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．millions__of　　　　　　　　 數(shù)百萬
2．in__my__opinion 在我看來
3．on__one’s__own 獨(dú)立地
4．give__up 放棄
5．come__to__do__something 開始(認(rèn)識、理解)
6．pull__through 使從(受傷)中活下來；渡過難關(guān)
7．commit__suicide 自殺
8．get__on 融洽相處；進(jìn)展
9．far__too 太，極為
10．come__off__it 別胡扯
11．lift__off (火箭、航天器等)發(fā)射，起飛，升空
12．come__to__an__end 結(jié)束
13．let__out 解脫；放出去，發(fā)出；泄露
14．get__involved__with 參加，參與

1.“v.＋through”短語多棱鏡
①pull through　 康復(fù)；痊愈
②go through 經(jīng)歷；穿過
③get through 用完；耗盡
④see through 看透；識破
⑤break through 沖破；突破
2.let短語一覽
①let alone　 不管；不打擾
②let down 放下；使失望
③let out 放出；泄露；出租
④let off 排放
⑤let in 允許進(jìn)入；容許
3.“come to a(n)＋n.”短語全掃描
①come to an end　　　 　　 完結(jié)；結(jié)束
②come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
③come to a decision 做出決定
④come to an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議
⑤come to an understanding 達(dá)成諒解
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語
Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing__the__wishes__of__the__Chinese__people to explore and use space peacefully.
楊利偉(在飛船上)展示了中國國旗和聯(lián)合國國旗，表達(dá)了中國人民和平開發(fā)并利用太空(資源)的意愿。　
句型2：sb. was/were doing...when...某人正在做……就在這時(shí)……
We were__driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us.
當(dāng)我們開車行駛在鄉(xiāng)間小路上時(shí)，一輛車突然疾馳而過。
句型3：with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語
Jennifer was in the kitchen, with__her__hands__in__a__bowl__of__flour．.
珍妮弗在廚房里，雙手在面盆里和面…….
句型4：狀語從句的省略
Brandi, the sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while__developing__their__tennis__careers．
這對姐妹的母親布蘭迪在家里教她們，這樣在她們發(fā)展網(wǎng)球事業(yè)的同時(shí)，也完成了高中學(xué)業(yè)。　
句型5：how引導(dǎo)表語從句
This is how__I__got__involved__with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.　這就是我如何參與到慈善工作中，幫助改善所有殘疾人的生活質(zhì)量的。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Cycling is an absolutely(絕對地) energy-saving means of transportation.
2．As we all know, Tsinghua University founded(成立) about more than 100 years ago has developed into a world-class university.
3．(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle(斗爭) against debt and misfortune.
4．To improve the quality(質(zhì)量) of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products.
5．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons(表情符號) to send positive atmosphere(氣氛) or soften statements.
6．(浙江卷)I made friends with the natives, and their reaction(react) amazed me.
7．She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly(calm)．
8．China has made amazing(amaze) achievements in space in the past few years.
9．Will you go with a tour group？Personally(person), I prefer to travel by myself.
10．(天津卷)In the past two weeks, we have studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which allows us the opportunity to know each other and promote(promote) our friendship.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．In this country black people do not have equality with white people.They are struggling for equal rights, for they are eager to be treated equally．(equal)
2．As a young competitor,__she had to compete in the Olympic Games in Rio against some top players. She tried to be very competitive to be the winner.(compete)
3．To my amazement,__it seemed that my father wasn’t amazed at the amazing news at all that day.(amaze)
4．The famous writer has many admirers．I often read her novels in admiration．I’m sure she will achieve more admirable achievements in the future.(admire)
5．The brave explorers have decided to explore this remote area. The exploration will begin in two days.(explore)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
millions of; judge...by...; be strict in; on one’s own; come to do; far too
Jack is an excellent college student. He 1.is__strict__in his study and research. For some 2.far__too difficult problems, he always thinks 3.on__his__own. When he 4.comes__to__do experiments, he is very careful and 5.judges things by facts.Some people say that in order to get the exact data and result, he may even do 6.millions__of experiments.
let out; in one’s opinion; compete against; give up; pull through; get on well with; come to an end
In most cases, competitors will 7.compete__against each other fiercely in the match. 8.In__my__opinion,__my classmate Mark is a good athlete. But, unfortunately, in last Sunday’s football match, he fell down, injured his foot and 9.let__out a scream, but he didn’t 10.give__up. When the match 11.came__to__an__end,__he couldn’t move his feet for an inch at all.I really hope Mark will 12.get__on__well__with his study after he 13.pulls__through.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．看到家里沒人，她決定給他們留張便條。
Seeing__nobody__at__home,__she decided to leave them a note.
2．我正在一家飯店吃飯，這時(shí)托尼進(jìn)來了。
I was__having__dinner at a restaurant when Tony came in.
3．男孩進(jìn)了屋，書包里什么都沒有。
The boy entered the room, with__nothing__in__his__bag．
4．盡管近來他一直努力地學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
Although__(he__is)__doing__his__best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
5．問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?br /> The problem is how__we__can__find__him．

calm　vt.& vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定　adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對比填空(calm; quiet; silent; still)
Everything was ①quiet except that the heavy rain struck the window. Then the mudslide happened, but the frightened people stood there ②still,__not knowing what to do. He remained ③calm in face of the danger, and led all the people to a safe place, but later he kept ④silent over his brave behavior.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤面對巨大危險(xiǎn)，消防員們還能保持鎮(zhèn)靜，這使我們都非常吃驚。
The firefighters kept__calm__in__face__of__great__danger,__which__surprised__us__all．
⑥她呼吸急促，盡力讓自己平靜下來。
She was breathing quickly and tried to calm__herself．

(1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平靜下來；鎮(zhèn)靜下來
calm oneself 使自己鎮(zhèn)靜下來
(2)stay/keep/be calm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜
[佳句背誦] You are an adult, so you should try to keep calm when something unexpected happens.
你是個(gè)成年人了，所以當(dāng)意想不到的事情發(fā)生時(shí)，你應(yīng)該盡量保持冷靜。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)calm平靜的，沉著的；指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動(dòng)；(2)quiet寧靜的，安靜的；指沒有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮；(3)silent寂靜的，沉默的；指不說話或沒有聲音；(4)still靜止的，不動(dòng)的；指(人體等)無運(yùn)動(dòng)的。
equal　v．等于，與……相等；比得上　adj.平等的；勝任的　n．同等的人或物
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area. In other words, he is without equal.
②a.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations, big or small.
b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
盡管他和他們的身高相同，但在打籃球方面無人能與他匹敵。
③They are of__the__same__height,__but no one can be__equal__to__him__in playing basketball.
④Though he is__equal__to__them__in__height,__no one can equal__him__in playing basketball.

(1)equal sb./sth.(in...)　 (在……方面) 比得上，與……匹敵；
與……相等
be equal to sth./doing sth.(in...)
(在……方面)
與……相等；能勝任
(2)without (an) equal 無人可比的
(3)equally adv. 同樣地；相等地
equality n. 相等；平等　
[佳句背誦] Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.
在中國，姚明是個(gè)無與倫比的籃球隊(duì)員。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“勝任……”的其他常見表達(dá)：
①be up to?、赽e fit for?、踒e qualified for
struggle　n．& v．奮斗；掙扎；斗爭
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom.
②a.(2019·江蘇卷)He struggled to__explain(explain) what he heard in his head.
b．(浙江卷)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to__be__heard(hear)．
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(湖南卷)
(高級表達(dá))Having__struggled__for__months__to__find a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)

(1)struggle for　　　　　 為……而斗爭
struggle against 與……作斗爭
struggle with 和……一起奮斗；
與……作斗爭
(2)struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
(3)struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來　
[佳句背誦] The Chinese people are in their struggle for right and freedom all the time.
中國人民一直為爭取權(quán)利和自由而斗爭。
[名師點(diǎn)津] struggle with有兩個(gè)意思：一是“與……作斗爭”，雙方是敵我關(guān)系；二是“和……一起奮斗”，雙方是朋友關(guān)系。
compete　vi.比賽；競爭
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷)We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
②(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
③Living in a highly competitive(compete) society, you have to equip yourself with modern technology and skills.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)我們隊(duì)現(xiàn)在正忙著為這場比賽做準(zhǔn)備，從生活到日常訓(xùn)練。我們有信心贏得這場比賽。
Our team is now busy preparing for the game, from living to daily training.We are confident that we can__win__this__competition．

(1)compete in　　　 參加……比賽；
在……方面競爭
compete for 為……而競爭
compete with/against...for
為爭取……而與……對抗/競爭
(2)competition n. 比賽；競爭
competitive adj. 競爭的；有競爭力的
competitor n. 競爭者；對手　
[佳句背誦] Every year, many players will try their best to compete in the dragon boat race on the Dragon Boat Festival.　每年的端午節(jié)，許多選手都會盡最大的努力去參加龍舟賽。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “參加比賽”薈萃：①compete__in__the__match；②participate__in__the__match；③take__part__in__the__match
promote　vt.增進(jìn)，促進(jìn)；提升；宣傳，推廣，推銷(商品等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(四川卷)More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to__promote(promote) the local economy.
b．Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to__promote(promote) products.
②(江西卷)I hear they have__promoted(promote) Tom, but he didn’t mention having__been__promoted__(promote) when we talked on the phone.
③(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get__promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(江西卷)Not only did the mountain-climbing get us close to nature, it also__promoted__the__friendship__among__us(增進(jìn)了我們之間的友誼)．
⑤For many women, this is the time in their career when they are trying to win__promotion(獲得晉升)．

(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth.
　　　　　　　　　　 把某人(從某職位)
提升到某職位
(2)promotion n. 提升；晉級；促進(jìn)
get/win promotion 獲得晉級　
[佳句背誦] Because of his good performance, he was soon promoted to a higher position in the company.　因?yàn)樗麅?yōu)異的表現(xiàn)，他很快就被提拔到公司的一個(gè)更高的職位。
[詞塊助記]
promote international cooperation
促進(jìn)國際合作
promote an exchange of ideas and information
促進(jìn)思想和信息的交流
get a promotion 獲得晉升
react　vi.起反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①It is not surprising that he reacted against the old education.
②Will this matter react with sunlight in some situation?
③I wondered how Tom would react to the news，so I went to his home the other day.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④微笑是任何場合下你能做出的最佳反應(yīng)。
Smiling is the__best__reaction in all situations.

(1)react against　　　　 反抗，反對
react to... 對……作出反應(yīng)
react with... 與……起反應(yīng)
(2)reaction n. 反應(yīng)，作用
[佳句背誦] You cannot predict how others will react to what you do now.　你不能預(yù)知其他人會對你現(xiàn)在的行為做出怎樣的反應(yīng)。
admire　vt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕；欣賞
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①We admire the old scientist for his great contributions to the country.
②The works of Dickens are__admired(admire) in China as well as in the west of the world.
③She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration(admire) for her.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(北京卷)說到中國歷史上的著名人物，我非常佩服張騫。
When it comes to the famous figures in Chinese history, I admire__Zhang__Qian__very__much．

(1)admire sb. for sth.　　　 因某事而欽佩某人
(2)admiration n. 欽佩；羨慕
with/in admiration 欽佩地　
[佳句背誦] Mid-autumn Festival is an appealing and important festival when people admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes.　中秋節(jié)是一個(gè)具有吸引力而又非常重要的節(jié)日，這時(shí)，人們會賞月和品嘗月餅。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “賞月”表達(dá)薈萃：
(1)admire the moon；
(2)enjoy the moon
let out　釋放；放走；發(fā)出(叫喊聲等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中l(wèi)et out的含義
①He accidentally let out that he hadn’t lost his job.泄露
②Would you please let the dog out? 放走
③Suddenly the girl let out a loud scream.發(fā)出
[能力提升]——用let的相關(guān)短語完成下面小片段
We didn’t even refer to that question, ④let__alone(更不用說) discuss it. Joe got angry, thinking we hadn’t taken it seriously and saying that we ⑤let__him__down(使他失望)．I went to see him and told him the fact. But he didn’t believe me. I just ⑥let__him__alone(不管他)．

let alone　　　　 更不用說；更談不上
let sb./sth.alone　 對某人/某事放任不管；置之不理
let down　 把……放下來；使(某人)失望/情緒低沉
let in 讓……進(jìn)入
let go of... 對……松手
[佳句背誦] Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.　獲勝隊(duì)的粉絲們發(fā)出勝利的歡呼聲，同時(shí)大家都將帽子拋向了空中。
come to　達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)；蘇醒過來　
[能力提升]——完成句子
①(上海卷)得知要舉辦藝術(shù)展，你們就展出場所征集意見，我們都積極活躍起來。
The moment we’ve learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its location, we__all__came__to__life.
②(四川卷)當(dāng)談到英語時(shí)，聽和說是我的弱項(xiàng)。
Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when__it__comes__to__English．

(1)come to know/realize　　 開始認(rèn)識/意識到
(2)come to a decision 作出決定
come to an end 結(jié)束
come to oneself 蘇醒過來；變得活躍
come to light 顯露；為大家所周知
come to life 蘇醒；活躍起來
when it comes to... 當(dāng)談到……時(shí)
pull through　使從(受傷)中活下來；渡過難關(guān)　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用介、副詞填空
①The train pulled in and all the passengers got off.
②Margaret had real problems，but the teacher pulled her through．
③The policeman pulled up the driver and asked to see his licence.
④We waved as the train pulled out of the station.

pull down　　　　　 拆毀；摧毀
pull in (車輛)進(jìn)站?？?；靠邊?？?br /> pull out 駛出；拉出，拔出
pull up 拔起；(使)停止
pull together 齊心協(xié)力
get on/along　融洽相處，進(jìn)展(常與with搭配)　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①How are you getting along with your English lesson?
②You should get down to doing(do) your homework from now on.
③I’ve been trying to ring up all day and I couldn’t get through．
④You’d better learn to get your ideas across in public.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(福建卷)盡管學(xué)生們來自不同的國家，他們在夏令營相處得非常好。
While the students came from different countries, they got__along__quite__well in the summer camp.
⑥我想知道你現(xiàn)在英語學(xué)得好不好。
I wonder if you__are__getting__along__well__with your English now.

get into　　　　　　　　 陷入；染上壞習(xí)慣
get across 講清楚；(使)被領(lǐng)會
get about/around (消息)傳開
get down to doing sth.認(rèn)真做某事， 開始著手做某事
get over 克服，擺脫
get through (電話)接通；用完；通過
[佳句背誦] It’s important for us to learn how to get on well with our teachers and classmates.　
學(xué)習(xí)如何與老師和同學(xué)們?nèi)谇⑾嗵帉ξ覀儊碇v很重要。

sb. was/were doing...when...某人正在做……就在這時(shí)……
(教材P23)We were driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us.
當(dāng)我們開車行駛在鄉(xiāng)間小路上時(shí)，一輛車突然疾馳而過。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·天津卷)I was__driving(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②He had just walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(湖南卷)我正要放棄的時(shí)候，老師的表揚(yáng)給了我回答問題的勇氣。
③I was__about__to__give__up__when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.
④I was__on__the__point__of__giving__up__when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.

when作并列連詞，意為“就在這時(shí)”，可用于以下句型：
(1)sb. was/were about to do...when...＝sb. was/were on the point of doing...when...某人正要做……這時(shí)……
(2)sb. had just done...when...某人剛做完……，這時(shí)……
[佳句背誦] I was reading in the library when I met Jim. It was the first time that we had met after high school.　
我正在圖書館看書，這時(shí)遇到了吉姆。這是我們高中畢業(yè)后第一次見面。
with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語
(教材P23)Jennifer was in the kitchen, with her hands in a bowl of flour, when she saw a small boy climb into a truck.
珍妮弗在廚房里，雙手在面盆里和面，這時(shí)她看見一個(gè)小男孩爬進(jìn)了卡車。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(重慶卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.
②a.(2018·浙江卷6月)With the night approaching(approach), I became worried and could not keep calm.
b．(山東卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
c．With so many essays to__write(write), she won’t have time to go shopping this morning.
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))As a new stadium has been built in our school, more sports events can be held.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)
(高級表達(dá))With__a__new__stadium__built__in__our__school,__more sports events can be held.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
　　
with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常作原因、條件、時(shí)間、方式或伴隨狀語，也可作后置定語。
(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
(2)with＋賓語＋doing
(3)with＋賓語＋done
(4)with＋賓語＋to do　
[佳句背誦] ①He is used to sleeping with the windows open at night in the summer.
他習(xí)慣在夏天的夜晚開著窗戶睡覺。
②Mr. Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.　史密斯先生手里拿著一本書走進(jìn)了教室。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞說明這一動(dòng)作和前面的賓語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且指這一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞說明這一動(dòng)作與前面的賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且指這一動(dòng)作已完成。
狀語從句的省略
(教材P26)Brandi, the sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.
這對姐妹的母親布蘭迪在家里教她們，這樣在她們發(fā)展網(wǎng)球事業(yè)的同時(shí)，也完成了高中學(xué)業(yè)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(全國卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.
②(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can e-mail me.
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)
(高級表達(dá))If__accepted,__I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which__can__help__them__know__more__about__Chinese__culture．(省略句； 合并升級為定語從句)

省略句的條件
狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或是代詞it
狀語從句謂語中含有be動(dòng)詞
省略句的形式
省略從句中的主語或it和be動(dòng)詞
[佳句背誦] ①Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.　
當(dāng)孩子有父母陪伴的時(shí)候，他們是被允許進(jìn)入體育館的。
②If given more attention to, the boy could have turned out better.
要是給予更多的關(guān)注，這個(gè)男孩本來可以表現(xiàn)得更好。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2017·天津卷)Explain your frustrations calmly(calm) and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties.
2．(2018·天津卷)I know you have just won the first prize in the robotics competition(compete) held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robots.
3．The Moon will replace the Earth as the most important base for the exploration(explore) of space.
4．(2017·浙江卷6月)He was amazed(amaze) at what Benjamin had done with his gift.
5．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident(confidence) and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．The Swedish soldiers were devoted to their king and he turned them into a fighting force without equal.
2．He struggled against every injustice.
3．On seeing the wonderful sculpture，everyone present let out a cry of surprise.
4．We can’t compete with other countries if we don’t develop our economy.
5．The young man set up a firm on his own soon after he graduated from college.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．It remains to be seen whether the young people is equal the position. 在equal后加to
2．The workers are now struggling against a higher pay these days.against→for
3．The pupils were playing games in the classroom while the teacher came in.while→when
4．The middle－aged has lived here since he had moved here two years ago. 刪除had
5．With a great weight taking off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.taking→taken
維度四　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．We should keep calm in face of danger, which counts much in case of emergency.鎮(zhèn)靜的
2．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance and encouragement.競爭；比賽
3．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.等于；抵得上
4．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.努力
5．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.
反應(yīng)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點(diǎn)，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
John is a man of good character, because he always keeps 1.calm(calm) in an emergency. Therefore, all the people who get on 2.well with him and even compete 3.with him in work admire him.
One day, he 4.was__riding(ride) his bike on the way home when he noticed a man lying on the ground. He stopped and found the man got 5.injured(injure) seriously because of a traffic accident. His first reaction 6.to it was to call 120 and then he checked the man to confirm whether he was alive or not. When the ambulance arrived at the spot, all the doctors 7.involved(involve) themselves in the first aid and thought highly of him, saying he was equal 8.to being a doctor. When it came to 9.an end, the local media reported his deed. He gave his 10.opinion(opinion) that he would continue to help people in need with the citizens encouraging him confidently.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①在我看來，我的叔叔是一個(gè)真正的英雄，他身上有許多優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。
In__my__opinion，my uncle is a real hero and he is a man with a lot of nice qualities.
②他慷慨大方，用自己賺的錢給山區(qū)的孩子建了一所學(xué)校。
He__is__generous. He set__up__a__school for the children from the mountainous areas with__the__money__he__earned．
③他從大火中救了一名傷員。
He saved a person who__got__injured__in__a__big__fire．
④他還經(jīng)常力所能及地幫助殘疾人。
He often does__what__he__can__to__help__the__disabled．
⑤社區(qū)的人們都佩服他的慷慨行為。
All the people in the community admire__him__for__his__generosity．
2．升級平淡句
⑥用非限制性定語從句升級句①
In__my__opinion,__my__uncle,__who__is__a__man__with__a__lot__of__nice__qualities,__is__a__real__hero.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：at a time, what’s more, therefore)
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One possible version：
In my opinion, my uncle, who is a man with a lot of nice qualities, is a real hero.He is generous. He set up a school for the children from the mountainous areas with the money he earned. At a time, he saved a person who got injured in a big fire. What’s more, he often does what he can to help the disabled. Therefore, all the people in the community admire him for his generosity.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·江西八所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where she’s been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.
The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated(截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.
To spread that message, Gallagher has taken to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the globe, but instead of simply using a geotag, she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.
Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle in Brussels, taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest, all with the well-known locations written on her artificial leg.
“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalkboard，” Gallagher said. “My mum and grandmother weren’t too keen on the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did.”
Gallagher said people often stare when she’s writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback. “My leg hasn’t stopped me from doing anything I’ve wanted to do，” she said. “I don’t know if it’s my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, but regardless, I’ve been able to keep up with my peers and lead a pretty great life.”
Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。Devon Gallagher在四歲時(shí)因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是這并沒有影響她對夢想的追求。她到世界各地旅行，將自己的旅行情況寫在假肢上并拍照片發(fā)到社交媒體。她的故事告訴人們：不要讓任何東西阻礙你追求夢想。
1．What message did Gallagher want to spread in her special way?
A．She enjoys her travelling across the globe.
B．She suffers little from her leg amputation.
C．She looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.
D．She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.”可知，雖然截肢在早期給Gallagher帶來了挫折，但她現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為這是對她過最好的生活的激勵(lì)；并結(jié)合第三段可知，她想要傳達(dá)的信息是她要將自己的不幸看作是另一種形式的幸運(yùn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
2．What does the underlined word “which” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The Continent.　　　　 B．The pictures.
C．The leg. D．The locations.
B　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam”可知，現(xiàn)在，她正在歐洲大陸各地拍攝照片，照片中她騎著自行車穿過阿姆斯特丹的運(yùn)河。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為pictures, which指代先行詞，在從句中作主語，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．Gallagher can best be described as ________．
A．helpful and ambitious
B．friendly and generous
C．determined and creative
D．independent and sensible
C　解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Devon Gallagher在四歲時(shí)因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是這并沒有影響她對夢想的追求；她到世界各地旅行，將自己的旅行情況寫在假肢上并拍照片發(fā)到社交媒體。據(jù)此可推知，Devon Gallagher既有毅力又有創(chuàng)造力，故C項(xiàng)正確。
4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Never Too Late to Share
B．A Special Artificial Leg
C．An Outstanding Photographer
D．Gallagher’s Summer Holidays
B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章尾句“And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.”并結(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Devon Gallagher雖然被截肢，但是這并沒有影響她對夢想的追求，她到世界各地旅行，將自己的旅行情況寫在假肢上并拍照片發(fā)到社交媒體。故B項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
B
(2020·洛陽、許昌質(zhì)檢)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過自身的經(jīng)歷明白了一個(gè)道理：博物學(xué)家是天生的，而科學(xué)家則是可以后天培養(yǎng)的。
5．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife.　　　　　　　　 B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年時(shí)，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故選A。
6．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年時(shí)期過于專注自然界而對周圍的親戚并不是很在意，所以沒有深刻的印象，這與第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼應(yīng)，故選C。
7．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being self-discipline.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者從小熱愛自然界，而且這種熱情使作者做了很多不同的調(diào)查，成了一個(gè)博物學(xué)家。由此可推知，一個(gè)天生的博物學(xué)家首先要充滿熱情，故選D。
8．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己只是一個(gè)博物學(xué)家而不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家是因?yàn)樽约喝狈Τ蔀榭茖W(xué)家的某種必備的素質(zhì)，故選A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·河南六市高三聯(lián)考)I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __1__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n) __2__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __3__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __4__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __5__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a five-kilometer race for both of us. I __6__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __7__．
The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing __8__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __9__ past me.
After another minute I saw the three-kilometer __10__. All I could think of was that I was __11__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __12__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on: I __13__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __14__ ticking away gave me an incentive(動(dòng)力). I knew that if I had __15__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __16__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __17__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __18__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！” Charles was thrilled that I’d __19__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post-race festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __20__.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者原本不喜歡跑步，但是在丈夫的帶動(dòng)下她也開始跑步，并且堅(jiān)持完成了5公里的跑步比賽。
1．A.block　　　　　　　　　 B．line
C．emotion D．zone
D　解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案選D項(xiàng)。
2．A.wife B．coach
C．expert D．runner
D　解析：根據(jù)下文可知，作者一開始不喜歡跑步，在丈夫的帶動(dòng)下，最后變成了一名跑步者(runner)。
3．A.serious B．common
C．casual D．sharp
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“competitive runner for many years”并結(jié)合語境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的、有競爭力的跑步者。serious “認(rèn)真的”。
4．A.hated B．missed
C．a(chǎn)dmired D．trained
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她結(jié)婚以后，總是不停地說他有多想念(missed)跑步。
5．A.race B．department
C．track D．ceremony
C　解析：根據(jù)該句可知，當(dāng)作者的丈夫重新開始跑步后，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track “跑道”。
6．A.hesitated B．puzzled
C．cared D．brought
A　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者以前并不喜歡跑步，當(dāng)作者的丈夫讓她一起報(bào)名參加五公里跑步比賽的時(shí)候，作者有些猶豫(hesitated)。
7．A.slipped away B．backed off
C．pushed forward D．came over
C　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，當(dāng)發(fā)令槍一響，數(shù)千名跑步者沖了出去(pushed forward)。
8．A.mildly B．shallowly
C．gently D．heavily
D　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，當(dāng)跑了一公里的時(shí)候，作者已經(jīng)呼吸沉重了。heavily “沉重地”。
9．A.running B．bending
C．reaching D．pacing
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，由于呼吸困難，作者跑步的速度漸漸地慢了下來，于是有很多人跑著超過了作者。
10．A.symbol B．mark
C．pattern D．campaign
B　解析：根據(jù)該句“After another minute I saw the three-kilometer ______．”可知，此處表示作者看見了三公里的標(biāo)志牌。mark “標(biāo)記”。
11．A.hopeful B．speechless
C．dying D．moving
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并結(jié)合語境可知，當(dāng)作者看見了三公里的標(biāo)志牌時(shí)，認(rèn)為自己要死(dying)了一樣。
12．A.stuck B．crowded
C．provided D．directed
B　解析：街道的兩邊擠滿(crowded)了觀看比賽的人，他們都在為選手加油。
13．A.sunk B．bent
C．shook D．willed
D　解析：在聽到周圍人的鼓舞之后，作者設(shè)法用意志力驅(qū)使自己的雙腿移動(dòng)。will “設(shè)法用意志力驅(qū)使”。
14．A.seconds B．titles
C．criteria D．competitors
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者覺得每一秒走過的時(shí)間都在給她加油助力。
15．A.also B．a(chǎn)ctually
C．just D．unfortunately
B　解析：作者知道如果她的確(actually)完成了比賽，那么她已經(jīng)完成了一些事。
16．A.dressed B．came
C．stayed D．straightened
D　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持完成比賽。straighten up “挺直身子”。
17．A.kept B．crossed
C．held D．tied
C　解析：當(dāng)作者沖過終點(diǎn)線的時(shí)候，她把自己的手舉得更高。hold “使保持(在某位置)”。
18．A.rope B．medal
C．necklace D．a(chǎn)ward
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此處表示一個(gè)志愿者給作者帶上獎(jiǎng)牌。
19．A.got it B．meant it
C．made it D．defeated it
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者最終完成了對她來說看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it “獲得成功”。
20．A.trembled B．expanded
C．a(chǎn)ched D．erupted
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者在這次成功跑完了五公里之后，她感覺自己的肺和舒適區(qū)都得到了擴(kuò)展。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇語法填空
[學(xué)生用書P297(單獨(dú)成冊)]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·合肥高三聯(lián)考)J．K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day.Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了英國著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品對一個(gè)單親家庭的影響。
1．Why did Burke thank J．K.Rowling according to the text?
A．She guided him how to write a good story.
B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C．Her books helped him through times of confusion.
D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9-year-old daughter Bailey.”可知，單身父親Burke感謝J. K. Rowling是因?yàn)樗墓げㄌ叵盗袇矔鴰椭纳屏怂c女兒之間的關(guān)系，故選D。
2．What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4?
A．He has found it interesting to read the series.
B．He was too old to understand the series better.
C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第四段的整體理解，尤其是最后一句中的“which has proven to be a ton of fun”可推知，Burke認(rèn)為朗讀這些系列叢書很有趣，故選A。
3．Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text?
A．Unique.　　　　　　　　 B．Normal.
C．Precious. D．Funny.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.”可推知，對Burke來講，這種經(jīng)歷是非常珍貴的，故選C。
4．What is the main idea of this text?
A．J.K.Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.
B．J.K.Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
C．J.K.Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.
D．Burke comes to know J．K.Rowling through her series.
B　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品所具有的魅力——幫助一位單身父親改善了與其女兒的關(guān)系，故選B。
B
(2020·重慶質(zhì)量抽測)Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average(擊球率) in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, Gold Glove Awards twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played.
Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea.
The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a bridge after him—a bridge that leads to the city’s beautiful new stadium.
No one summed up the life of Roberto Clemente and the baseball commissioner(總干事) when, at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony, he said, “He was so great a man, as a leader and humanitarian, so great an inspiration to the young and to all in baseball, especially to the proud people of his homeland, Puerto Rico.” The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述了棒球明星羅伯托·克萊門特的人生經(jīng)歷。
5．What can be concluded from Roberto Clemente’s trip to Nicaragua?
A．He got injured in an air crash.
B．He cared about people and the world.
C．He donated a huge sum of money to Nicaragua.
D．He earned his fame for his bravery and generosity.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people.”可知，在1972年尼加拉瓜發(fā)生地震后，克萊門特飛往尼加拉瓜，向那里的人民運(yùn)送物資。據(jù)此可推知，克萊門特是一位關(guān)心人民和世界的人，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．What do we know about Roberto Clemente from the passage?
A．He died in Puerto Rico.
B．There was a bridge built for him.
C．He played baseball in Pittsburgh.
D．His statue was in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句中的“In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball”可知，他曾在匹茲堡市打過棒球，故C項(xiàng)正確。
7．What happened at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony?
A．A sportsmanship award was set up in Clemente’s name.
B．Clemente was voted into the Soccer Hall of Fame.
C．Clemente gained an honor from the people of his homeland.
D．The commissioner praised Clemente’s unbelievable batting skills.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句“The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.”可知，為表彰克萊門特，總干事還以克萊門特的名義設(shè)立了體育精神獎(jiǎng)，故A項(xiàng)正確。
8．Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A．A science journal.　　　　 B．A sports magazine.
C．A radio program. D．A news report.
B　解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了棒球明星羅伯托·克萊門特的人生經(jīng)歷。據(jù)此可推知，本文最可能選自體育雜志，故B項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·商丘高三模擬)It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people don’t do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If you’re an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of everything. It’s not good that the what-ifs run your life and you are trapped. 1.________
Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl look at me？And why did Peter look away so fast？What does it all mean？！When you’re an overthinker, you tend to find meaning in the world around you. It’s helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them.
·You think more than you do.
Sometimes you think so much that you don’t end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare it with a new choice. You end up doing nothing. 3.________
·You find it difficult to let things go.
When you’ve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isn’t working. 4.________ The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.
·You want to get everything right.
You might be a perfectionist. You always do your best. But when you don’t get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply can’t get everything right, despite your best efforts.
5．________ Remind yourself that you can balance your level of overthinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who is thoughtless!
A．You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.
B．You assume that others know what you’re thinking about.
C．Remember that, instead of just thinking, it’s equally important to act.
D．You’re proud of the act that you’re always thinking.
E．You look for meaning in everything.
F．It’s even worse when you’re unaware that you are just like this.
G．Can any of the above signs be found on you?
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要對過度思慮的一些跡象進(jìn)行了簡要的說明。
1．F　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“It’s not good that the what-ifs run your life and you are trapped.”可知，空處應(yīng)是說明更深一層的壞處，所以選F項(xiàng)。
2．E　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)及空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的小標(biāo)題，且根據(jù)本段的內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞“meaning”可知，E項(xiàng)能概括本段內(nèi)容。
3．C　解析：根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題You think more than you do.及空處前一句可推知，空處是作者針對該段描述的現(xiàn)象所給出的建議。故C項(xiàng)符合語境。
4．A　解析：根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題You find it difficult to let things go.及空后一句“The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.”可推知，A項(xiàng)符合語境。
5．G　解析：根據(jù)上文“Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.”可知，G項(xiàng)與之呼應(yīng)，符合語境。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·武漢調(diào)研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia(失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(report) it recently. A study by 2.____________ international organization in the paper said that women 3.____________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research center show that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.____________(sleep) habits. The long-term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.____________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。今年世界睡眠日關(guān)注的是女性的睡眠問題。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多女性睡眠不足，年輕人也是如此。文章介紹了導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的原因及其解決方法。
1．reported　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“recently”，再結(jié)合上文可知，上述結(jié)果是北京的一家報(bào)紙報(bào)道過的，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。
2．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查不定冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該處泛指“一個(gè)國際組織”，且international的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。
3．a(chǎn)ged　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作名詞“women”的后置定語，應(yīng)用age的過去分詞形式aged，表示“年齡介于30到60歲之間的女性”。
4．on　解析：考查固定搭配。on average為固定搭配，意為“平均”。句意：在該報(bào)紙中一項(xiàng)由一個(gè)國際組織進(jìn)行的研究表明，30到60歲的女性平均每天睡6小時(shí)41分鐘。
5．cities　解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ike Beijing and Shanghai”可知，該處指“像北京、上海那樣的城市”，為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故填cities。
6．pressure　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)該句中“and competition”，再結(jié)合空前的形容詞“heavy”可知，該形容詞修飾兩個(gè)并列的名詞，故填press的名詞形式pressure，表示“壓力”。
7．sleeping　解析：考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴拿~habits，表示“睡眠習(xí)慣”，故填形容詞sleeping。
8．which　解析：考查關(guān)系詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，空處在從句中作主語，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故填關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。
9．especially　解析：考查副詞?？仗幮揎椂陶Z“in women”，故用副詞形式。
10．daily　解析：考查形容詞。空處修飾后面的名詞“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容詞形式daily。


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