詞匯晨讀16- 江蘇高考英語3500詞匯讀練測-課件下載-教習網

說明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(nail—oxygen)
nail n. ①釘，釘子：Take care! There is a nail sticking out of the chair.當心！凳子上有個釘子突出來了。
②指甲，趾甲：Cut your nails often and keep your hands clean.常剪指甲，保持雙手清潔。
【拓展】hit the nail on the head說到點子上了，一針見血，擊中要害：
—I?think?it?would?civilize?people?a?bit?more?if?they?had?decent conditions.
—I?think?you’ve?hit?the?nail?on?the?head.?
“我認為，如果人們有良好的環(huán)境，就會更有教養(yǎng)一點。”“我想你說到點子上了。”
Your?analysis?really?hit?the?nail?on?the?head.你的分析確實一針見血。
name n.名字，名稱：A person by/of the name of Smith wants to see you.一個名叫史密斯的要見你。
v.①命名，名叫：The?machine?is?named?after?its?inventor.這部機器是以其發(fā)明者的名字命名的。
②叫出……的名字：
The little boy named Tom asked me to give him a hand.那個叫湯姆的小男孩要我?guī)退话选?br /> 【拓展】用于情景交際：You name it你要什么盡管講：
I?can?memorize?many?English?words,?you?name?it,?I?can?write?it out.?
我的英語詞匯量很大，你盡管說出來，我就能寫出來。
I?also?enjoy?windsurfing,?tennis,?racquetball,?swimming,?you name?it.?
我也喜歡帆板、網球、短柄墻球、游泳等等，不一而足。
narrow adj.①狹窄的，勉強的：
On?his?way?home?he?came?to?a?narrow?bridge?over?a?stream.
在回家的路上，他來到一條跨越在小河上的狹窄的橋。
I was really lucky. Not many people could have a narrow escape.
我的確幸運。并不是很多人可以死里逃生。
②范圍小的，圈子小的：He has a narrow circle of friends.他交友不廣。
nasty adj.極差的，惡劣的，令人厭惡的，不友好的，危險的，嚴重的，下流的：
I?can’t?be?sure,?but?I?think?we?may?run?into?some?nasty?windstorms.?
我不確定，但我們很可能進入惡劣的風暴中。
Mummy?is?so?nasty?to?me?when?Daddy?isn’t?here.爸爸不在這兒時，媽媽對我很兇。
They’ve picked up a really?nasty?infection from something they’ve eaten.?
他們因吃錯東西而得了很嚴重的感染癥。
He?thought?I?was?a?character?in?one?of?his?nasty?stories.他把我當成他下流故事中的人物。
nation n.國家，民族，(全國)人民：The Chinese nation has a long history.中華民族歷史悠久。
national adj.國家的，民族的，全國性的：
Word came that 30 firefighters gave their lives to our country in exchange for national property security.消息傳來，30名消防員為國家財產安全獻出了生命。
China’s first aircraft carrier came out of Dalian harbor Wednesday, which was a national pride for Chinese people.中國第一艘航空母艦周三在大連港下海，這是中華民族的驕傲。
The Qingming Festival, now a national holiday, allows more people to pay their respects to dead relatives on what would otherwise be a workday like Friday.清明節(jié)，現(xiàn)在是一個全國性節(jié)日，允許更多的人在周五這樣的工作日向逝去的親人表達敬意。
nationality n.①國籍：No matter what nationality you are, students in want of financial aid can get scholarships provided by many Chinese Universities.無論你是什么國籍，需要經濟援助的學生都可以得到中國大學的財政支持。
②民族：There are 56 nationalities in China.中國有56個民族。
nationwide adv.全國各地：
We study in a school whose fame is known nationwide and it is a school in which we can fully develop our potential.我們在一個名氣全國著名的學校，這是個我們能充分發(fā)揮潛能的學校。
A murderer has escaped from prison, so a nationwide search for him is under way.
一個殺人犯越獄了，因此，一場全國范圍的搜捕正在進行。
Police are looking for him nationwide.警方正在全國各地尋找他。
native adj.本土的，本國的：native products 土特產
That sound doesn’t occur in his native language, so it is difficult for him to pronounce it.
那個聲音在他的母語中不存在，所以對他來說很難發(fā)音。
My native language is Chinese.我的母語是漢語。
You can tell from his blue eyes that he isn’t native to China.
你可以從他的藍眼睛看出他不是中國本土的人。
n.土著，本地人，本國人：
He is a Beijing native.他是土生土長的北京人。
natural adj.①自然的，天然的：Milk is the natural food for young babies.牛奶是嬰兒的天然食品。
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run
out.未來，隨著地球上資源的耗盡，對環(huán)境的關心變得越來越重要。
②天生的：It’s natural for a child to love its mother.孩子愛母親，這是常情。
If he can combine his natural ability with hand work, he should be very successful.
如果你能把天生的能力和勤奮結合起來，你會很成功的。
③正常的，通常的：It’s natural for a child to love its mother.孩子愛母親，這是常情。
④自然的，不做作的：Try to look natural for your photograph.拍照時要自然一點。
【拓展】在It’s natural后接的that從句，其謂語通常用“(should+)動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣：It is natural that a child (should) love its mother.但如果只是敘述事實而不表示個人情感，也可用陳述語氣。
nature n.①自然，自然界：We enjoy the beauty of nature.我們欣賞自然之美。
②性質，本性，天性：She?trusted?people.?That?was?her?nature.她信任別人，這是她的天性。
To understand the nature of this challenge, we must first come to terms with the concept of a physical field.為了理解這一挑戰(zhàn)的本質，我們必須首先理解物理場的概念。
Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children which some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.最新公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，科技在兒童中的使用有所增加，一些人擔心這正在改變兒童的天性。
【拓展】by nature天生地，生性；in nature性質/實質上，實際上：
He?likes?painting?by?nature.他天生喜歡繪畫。
The?rise?of?a?major?power?is?both?economic?and?military?in?nature.?
一個大國的崛起究其實質包括經濟和軍事兩個方面。
navy n.海軍：The navy is/are considering buying six new warships.海軍正在考慮購買六艘新戰(zhàn)艦。
near adj.近的：The post office is quite near.郵局就在附近。
A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbor.遠親不如近鄰。
adv.附近，鄰近，臨近：We found some shops quite near.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)附近有幾個商店。
As the final examinations draw near students begin to busy themselves with reviewing.
隨著期末考試的臨近，學生們開始忙于復習。
prep. ①在……附近，靠近：Come and sit near me.過來坐在我身旁。
②快要，差點：She came/went near being drowned.她差點淹死了。
nearby adj.附近的：a nearby town=a town nearby附近的村莊
He stayed in the village for three months, then moved to a nearby city.
他在村里住了三個月，然后搬到了附近的一個城市。
adv.附近：There is a hospital nearby.附近有家醫(yī)院。
nearly adv.將近，幾乎，差點：
It was nearly a week before the rescue team located the crashed plane.
救援隊花了將近一周的時間才找到墜毀的飛機。
Mary nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping.
由于購物太多，瑪麗差點錯過了航班。
The boy nearly fell into the river.那男孩險些掉入河中。
neat adj.整潔的，簡潔的，靈巧的：
Your house is always so neat—how do you manage it with three children?
你的房子總是很整潔——帶著三個孩子你是怎么做到的？
He gave a neat summary of the financial situation.他對財務狀況做了簡要的概括。
Neat?solutions?are?not?easily?found?to?these?issues.很難找到解決這些問題的巧妙辦法。
necessary adj.①必需的，必要的：
Susan is slow in doing anything, so it is necessary to urge her to complete the work on time.
蘇珊做事很慢，所以有必要督促她按時完成工作。
Great care is necessary in doing it.做這件事必須非常小心。
Food is necessary for [to]life.食物對生命是必要的。
②必然的，必定的：Death is the necessary end of life.死亡是生命必然的終結。
【拓展】①It’s necessary后接that從句時常用虛擬語氣：
It’s necessary that we(should)buy a computer.
=It’s necessary for us to buy a computer.我們買臺電腦是有必要的。
②可與if, when, wherever等連詞構成省略句(可以看成是省略了it is)：
She is quite fresh to office work. You had better offer her some suggestions when necessary.她剛到辦公室工作，你最好在必要時提供給她一些建議。
③necessity n.必要(性)，必需品：
There?is?agreement?on?the?necessity?of?reforms.對改革的必要性已經達成了共識。
I thought it of great necessity to take your father’s advice into consideration.
讓你爸爸再想一想是非常有必要的。
In a world, where computers rule our work and life, online searches have become a necessity.在一個電腦控制著我們的工作和生活的世界中，網絡搜索已經變成了生活的一種必需品了。
neck n.頸，脖子：He tied a scarf around his neck.他脖子上圍著圍巾。
【拓展】risk one’s neck冒生命危險：
Leaves?fell,?lives?drifted?down!?You?risk?your?neck?trying?to?climb?that?tree.?
企圖爬那棵樹，你在冒生命危險。
necklace n.項鏈：He?would?like?to?buy?a?diamond?necklace?for?his?wife.他想為他的妻子買一條鉆石項鏈。
need n.①需要，需求：I?was?all?right?but?in?need?of?rest.我沒事，就是需要休息一下。
②(常用復)必需品：material needs物質上的必需品
Everyone?has?needs,?including?material?needs.每個人都有需求，包括物質上的需求。
She’s?too?poor?to?satisfy?her?family’s?material?needs.她太窮了，沒辦法滿足她家里的物質需要。
modal v.有必要：Need you go so soon?你有必要那么早走嗎？
v.需要：All plants and animals need water.所有的植物和動物都需要水。
【拓展】①needn’t do sth.與needn’t have done sth.不同，前者表示不必做某事，后者表示本來不必做的事卻做了(含有責備或遺憾之意)：
You needn’t go so early.你不必去那么早。(即可以晚點去)
You needn’t have gone so early.你本來不必去那么早的。(即你去得太早了)
②用作情態(tài)動詞時，后接動詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問句，一般不用于肯定句；用作實義動詞時，可用于否定句、疑問句和肯定句，后接動詞時通常用不定式，若該不定式含有被動意味，也可用動名詞的主動形式表示：
My coat needs to be mended.= My coat needs mending.我的外套需要修補了。
needle n.針，指針：If?you?give?me?a?needle?and?thread,?I’ll?sew?the?button?on?your?shirt.?
你給我針線，我來幫你把紐扣縫在襯衣上。
negative adj.①消極的，負面的，否定的，陰性的：
If you assume a negative attitude and complain all the time, whoever works with you is going to feel the same way.如果你采取一種消極的態(tài)度，總是抱怨，和你一起工作的人也會有同樣的感覺。
The parents are making changes to their previous education methods, of whose negative effect they begin to be aware.父母正在改變他們以前的教育方法，他們開始意識到這些方法的負面影響。
Dr.?Smith?gave?a?vague?but?negative?response.史密斯醫(yī)生給了一個含糊而否定的回答。
②壞的，有害的：The crisis had a negative effect on trade.這次危機對貿易產生了很壞的影響。
neglect v.疏忽，忽略，忽視，遺漏：
I approve of your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
我贊成你努力掙錢，但請不要忽視你的學業(yè)。
Don’t?neglect?minor?issues.不要忽略枝節(jié)問題。
negotiate v.①談判，協(xié)商，商談：
We’ve decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.
我們決定就工資問題與雇主談判。
Since our contract is near its term we must negotiate a new one.
由于我們的合同快到期了，我們必須談判新的合約。
②商定，達成協(xié)議：
How did you negotiate the deal on the benefit?你是怎么談成那筆有利可圖的交易的？
【拓展】negotiation n.協(xié)商，談判：
Due to the fact that neither side would give in, the negotiation broke down in the end.
由于雙方都不愿意讓步，這個談判最終以失敗告終。
The?price?is?a?matter?of?negotiation.價格是可以協(xié)商的。
We?have?had?meaningful?negotiations?and?I?believe?we?are?very?close?to?a?deal
我們已進行了有益的磋商，我相信我們很快能成交。
neighbour(Am neighbor )n.鄰居，鄰國：
Don’t make so much noise or you’ll wake the neighbors.別那么大聲，否則會把鄰居吵醒的。
If?its?strategy?succeeds,?Mexico?could?even?steal?a?march?on?its?northern?neighbour.?
如果策略得當，墨西哥甚至可以趕在其北部鄰國之前搶得先機。
neighbourhood(Am neighborhood)n.四鄰，街坊，附近，居住區(qū)：
The whole neighborhood was there.街坊都在那里。
You’ll find it somewhere in the neighbourhood(of the station).你會在(車站)附近找到它。
It seemed like a good?neighbourhood?to raise my?children.
它看起來像是一個有利于我的孩子們成長的理想居住區(qū)。
neither adj.(兩者)都不：Neither answer is correct.兩個答案都不對。
adv.也不：I don’t know and neither do I care.我不知道，我也不在乎。
conj.(用于neither… nor…)也不：He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不喝酒，也不抽煙。
(either…or…不是/要么……就是/要么……，表示兩者之一。He?must?be?either?mad?or?drunk.?他要
么是瘋了，要么是喝醉了。)
—Is either he or I fit for the job?他或者是我適合這個工作嗎？
—Neither he nor you are.你們兩個都不適合。
pron.兩者都不：Two middle-aged passengers fell into the lake. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim.
兩名中年乘客掉進湖里。不幸的是，他們倆都不會游泳。
nephew n.侄子，外甥(比較：niece 侄女，外甥女)
Grace,?this?is?Jack?and?Lily,?my?nephew?and?niece.格蕾絲，這是杰克和莉莉，我的侄子和侄女。
nervous adj.①緊張的，害怕的：
Naturally, you will feel a little nervous when you first perform for the public.
當然，第一次為公眾表演時，你會感到緊張的。
One of the best ways to show confidence is to do it slowly, instead of rushing it. Nervous people rush things to mask their nervousness.展示自信的最好方法之一是慢慢來，而不是操之過急。緊張的人會匆忙做事來掩飾他們的緊張。
He’s nervous about/of staying alone at night.他害怕晚上一個人呆著。
②神經質的，神經過敏的：
She was apparently a very nervous woman, and that affected her career.
她顯然是一個很神經質的女人，這一點影響了她的事業(yè)。
【拓展】nerve n.焦慮，神經，勇氣，膽量：
As is well-known, the brain performs a very important function,which controls the nerve system of the body.眾所周知，大腦起著重要的作用，它控制著人體的神經系統(tǒng)。
I hit a nerve when I mentioned her dead mother.
當我提到她死去的母親時，我觸到了她的傷心處。
It really gets on my nerves它讓我心神不寧。
nest n.巢，窩，穴：When?a?bird’s?nest?is?overturned,?no?egg can remain?intact.覆巢之下無完卵。
The husband and wife built themselves a comfortable nest.夫妻共筑了一個安樂窩。
net n.網，網狀物：
Knowledge?is?like?a?fishing?net;?the?wider?and?stronger?it?is,?the?more?fish?it?catches.?
知識像一張魚網；魚網越寬越強，網住的魚就越多。
You?will?need?a?mosquito net?to?keep?off?the?tropic?insects.你需要一個蚊帳以防熱帶昆蟲叮咬。
network n.①網絡，網狀系統(tǒng)：a network of computers計算機網絡
Telecom aims to supply standard operating systems, databases and network products to its 100,000 computer users.電信的目標是為其10萬名電腦用戶提供標準操作系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫和網絡產品。
②廣播網，電視網：An?American?network?says?it?has?obtained?the?recordings.
美國一家廣播網聲稱已經得到了那些錄音材料。
never adv.從未，永不：Time flies like an arrow, and time lost never returns.陰似箭，一去不復返。
【拓展】除祈使句外一般不用在句首，假若用于句首，此時句子要用倒裝語序：
Never have I met such a person before.我以前從未見過這樣的人。
Never did I see him again.后來我再也沒見過他。
never跟動詞不定式表示結果：
What was worse, his father disappeared the next year, never to be found again.
更為糟糕的是，他的父親第二年就失蹤了，人們再也沒有找到他。
nevertheless adv.盡管如此，然而：
Our?defeat?was?expected?but?it?is?disappointing?nevertheless.?
我們的失敗是意料中的事，盡管如此，還是令人失望。
The?news?may?be?unexpected;?nevertheless,?it?is?true.這消息可能是出乎意料的，然而是真實的。
new adj.①新的：Happy New Year!新年快樂！
China took on a new look after China’s accession to the WTO at the beginning of the new century.
在新世紀之初加入世貿組織之后，中國呈現(xiàn)了新面貌。
②新鮮的：Come,?drink?your?new?milk?while?it?is?warm.好吧，把鮮牛奶趁熱喝下去吧。
③初次(聽到)的，生疏的：That information is new to me.那消息我還初次聽到。
news n.新聞，消息：The?front?pages?are,?as?usual,?a?mixture?of?domestic?and?foreign?news.?
像平常一樣，頭版上刊登著國內外新聞。
newspaper n.報紙：There’s not much news in today’s newspaper, is there?今天的報紙上沒有多少新聞，是嗎?
next adj. ①最近的，緊挨著的：May I have the next dance?我能和您跳下一個舞嗎？
②下一次，下一個：Who’s the next speaker?下一個誰發(fā)言？
adv.①隨后，下一步：My turn comes next after yours.你之后輪到我。
②下次，其次：Whose turn is it to treat next?下次該誰請客？
【拓展】①(the)next time下一次(引導時間狀語從句)：
Remember to send me a photo of us next time you write to me.
下次寫信給我時，記得給我郵一張我們的照片。
Come to see us next time you are in town.下次進城來，到我們這里來玩。
next time(下次)有兩個用法，一是句中起副詞作用，用作狀語，此時其前不能用定冠詞；二是在句中起連詞作用，引導時間狀語從句，此時其前可用定冠詞(也可省略)。
②next to緊挨著，僅次于，幾乎：
The man living next to me works very hard, going out early and returning late every day.
住在我旁邊的那個人工作很努力，每天早出晚歸。
It is the largest city next to London.它是僅次于倫敦的最大城市。
③next n.下一個人(東西)：
Mary came first and Jim was the next to come.瑪麗是第一個來的，吉姆是跟著到的。
nice adj.令人愉快的，宜人的，好的，漂亮的，友好的，好心的：
It’s nice to see you again. We haven’t seen each other since 2014.
很高興再次見到你。自2014年以來，我們彼此就沒有見過。
It’s very nice of you to come and see us.=You are very nice to come and see us.你來看我們，實在太好了。
【拓展】nice and(后接形容詞或副詞，表示滿意或贊賞)很，挺，……得很：
Tom is nice and lovely, but he can be very naughty at times.湯姆很可愛，但是他有時也很淘氣。
It’s nice and warm by the fire.火爐邊很暖和。
You’ll?have?to?be?up?nice?and?early.你得很早起身。
Even?in?the?winter?with?the?rain?beating?down,?it’s?nice?and?cozy?in?there.
即使在大雨傾盆的冬天，那里也挺舒適的。
niece n.侄女，外甥女(比較：nephew=侄子，外甥)
night n.夜，夜間，晚上：
The city was under attack during the night.這座城市在夜間受到攻擊。
Night fell quickly.夜色很快降臨。
He passed a sleepless night.他度過一個不眠之夜。
【拓展】①all night (long)整夜，通宵：
The nurse sat by the patient all night (long).護士整夜守在病人身旁。
②at night在晚上：These animals only come out at night.這些動物只在晚上才出來。
③night and day日夜，日日夜夜(=day and night)：
The earth moves night and day.地球晝夜不停地轉。
④one night一天晚上/夜里，哪天晚上/夜里：
One?night?he?was?called?to?see?a?woman.一天夜里，有人打來電話，請他去給一位婦女看病。
How?would?you?like?to?have?dinner?one?night?哪天晚上一起吃飯怎么樣？
no adv.①不，不是：A man cannot lift it, no, nor half a dozen.一個人舉不起，不，五六個人也舉不起。
②(與比較級連用)并不，毫不：The sick man is no better.那病人一點也沒有好轉。
adj. ①沒有：No words can express my grief.我的憂傷無法用語言表達。
②不準：No smoking!禁止吸煙！
③并非，絕不：This is no joke.這絕不是開玩笑。
No.(=number) n.數(shù)字，號碼：Room No.805 805房間 Bus No.106 106路公共汽車 Nos.1-5 第1至5號
He lives at No.68 Hongxing Street.他住在紅星街68號。
noble adj.高貴的，貴族的，高尚的，崇高的：
He?claimed?he?was?a?man?of?noble?birth.他聲稱自己出身貴族。
—I think he is selfish.我認為他很自私。
—On the contrary, he is very noble and generous.恰恰相反，他很慷慨很高尚。
nobody n.小人物，無足輕重的人：
A?man?in?my?position?has?nothing?to?fear?from?a?nobody?like?you.?
處在我這樣位置的人，一點都不害怕像你這種小人物。
Admit?it?or?not,?Lang?Lang?was?just?a?nobody?before?he?came?to?the?US.?
不管你同不同意，郎朗在來美之前只是一個無足輕重的人。
pron.沒有人，誰也不：Nobody expected there to be so many changes in our life in the 1970s.
在20世紀70年代，沒有人預料到我們的生活發(fā)生了這么多變化。
【拓展】其后一般不接表示范圍的of短語，遇此情況可用none of代之：
None of them went to see the film.他們當中沒有一個人去看電影。
nod v.①點頭，點頭表示：
She nodded (her head) when she passed me in the street.在街上她從我身旁經過時，向我點了點頭。
We are only nodding acquaintances.我們僅僅一面/點頭之交。
I nodded him a welcome.我向他點頭表示歡迎。
When she asked Peter whether he was out of work again, he nodded his head and said yes.
當她問皮特是否他又失業(yè)了，他點頭并且說是的。
②打盹，打瞌睡：It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy.
在課桌前打盹的學生未必是懶惰的。
noise n.聲音，噪聲，喧鬧聲：
As an economical and effective method, expressway noise barrier is a primary measure used to reduce traffic noise.高速公路隔聲屏障作為一種經濟有效的方法，是降低交通噪聲的主要措施。
Don’t make any noise!別吵鬧！
【拓展】參看sound, voice詞條。
Sound travels slower than light.聲音傳播不如光快。
I had to raise my voice to make myself heard over the noise.
我不得不提高嗓門使自己的聲音蓋過喧鬧聲。
noisy adj.喧鬧的，嘈雜的：
I never dreamed of there being such a quiet place in the noisy city.
我做夢也沒想到在喧鬧的城市里會有這么一個安靜的地方。
none pron.①無任何人(物)：None were left when I came.我來時誰也不在。
We none of us said anything.我們誰也沒說話。
②毫無：The salary they pay me is none too high.他們付給我的薪水一點也不高。
【拓展】①可用于指可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；指可數(shù)名詞時，只能指三者或三者以上，不能指兩者；
②與nobody和no one不一樣，它的后面通常要接表范圍的of短語；
③用作主語時，若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語一般用單數(shù)；若指可數(shù)名詞，謂語可用單數(shù)(較正式)或復數(shù)(用于非正式文體)：
None of the money is mine.這筆錢沒有一分是我的。
None of my friends has/have ever been to Paris.我的朋友誰也沒去過巴黎。
The river was once alive with fishes, but now we find none as a result of pollution.
這條河中曾經生長著各種各樣的魚，但是現(xiàn)在，由于污染，我們一條魚也看不到了。
—How much bread is there?有多少面包?
—Sorry, none.抱歉，沒有了。
④have none of不同意、不允許：
The?teacher?said?she?would?have?none?of?mike’s?arguing.
老師說，她不允許邁克爭辯。
nonsense n.謬論，胡扯，胡說，冒失，毫無意義的話：
It is a pity whatever nonsense the papers print, some people always believe it.
真是可憐，無論這些文章表達什么謬論，總是有些人相信它。
—It’s my mother’s fault that my room is in a mess.我的房間這么糟糕是我媽媽的錯。
—Nonsense! Your mother is not to blame for your laziness.胡說，你媽媽不該因你的懶惰而被譴責。
I won’t give you any help even if you tell me the truth. It’s none of my business.
即使你告訴我真相，我也不會給你任何幫助。這不關我的事。
noodle n.(常用復)面條：The?noodle?shop?is?now?out?of?noodles.面館現(xiàn)在沒有面條了。
noon n.中/正午：At?noon?the?sun?beated?down?on?our?heads?as?we?walked?home.我們中午回家時正是烈日當頭。
nor conj.也不：He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不喝酒，也不抽煙。
If you don’t go swimming, nor will I.如果你不去游泳，那我也不去。
adv.也不：He didn’t go there and nor did I.他沒去，我也沒去。
normal n.常態(tài)，正常，標準：Things will then be back to normal.到那時情況將恢復正常。
adj.正常的，通常的，普通的：
He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life .他應該能夠過上完全正常的生活。
【拓展】參看abnormal, common, ordinary和usual等詞條。
He had very little in common with his sister.他和姐姐幾乎沒有什么共同語言。
His parents are ordinary workers.他的父母是普通的工人。
He came home later than usual.他回家比平時晚了些。
north adj.北的，朝北的，從北來的：The north wind is very cold.北風很冷。
adv.向(在、從)北方：We travelled north from London to Scotland.我們從倫敦北行至蘇格蘭。
n.①北：Birds?usually?migrate?from?north?to?south.?鳥類通常由北向南遷徙。
②(連用the)(一國的)北部，北方：His father is going to the north of America.他父親將到美國北部去。
northeast n.(連用the)東北(部)：The wind is in the northeast.風從東北方向吹來。
northern adj.北方的，北部的：
The northern half of the Earth is called the Northern hemisphere.地球的北半部稱為北半球。
northwest n.(連用the)西北(部)：A?strange?light?appeared?in?the?northwest.一束奇異的光線在西北方閃現(xiàn)。
nose n.①鼻：Your nose is running.你在流鼻涕。
②嗅覺：This dog has a good nose.這條狗嗅覺靈敏。
not adv.不，沒：She told me not to wait.她讓我別等。
Please excuse him not writing to you.請原諒他沒給你寫信。
Not knowing, I cannot say.我不知道，所以我說不出來。
【拓展】not that并非，并不是說：
Not?that?I?don’t?want?to?go,?I?just?haven’t?got?the?time.?我何嘗不想去，只是沒時間罷了。
note n.①短信，便條，便箋：
Myra?Cunningham?sent?me?a?note?thanking?me?for?dinner.
邁拉·坎寧安給我寄了張便箋感謝我招待的晚餐。
②注釋：It is explained in the notes.這在注釋中有說明。
③筆記，紀錄，備忘錄：The teacher asked us to take notes in class.老師叫我們上課記筆記。
④票據(jù)，鈔票，紙幣：He gave me a ￥50 note.他給我一張50元的鈔票。
While counting the money, he found a false note.在數(shù)錢的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張假幣。
v.注意，記錄，指出，對……加注釋：
You?can?also?use?it?to?note?important?dates.你還可以用它記錄重要的日期。
The?report?notes?that?export?and?import?volumes?picked?up?in?leading?economies?
報告特別指出經濟大國的進出口量攀升。
【拓展】①take note of 注意，留意：
Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you are sitting.
下次和朋友聊天的時候注意一下你的坐姿。
Take?note?of?the?weather?conditions.留意一下天氣狀況。
②take/make notes(of)=take/make a note(of)記錄，記下：
I took notes during the meeting, but I haven’t had a chance to write em into a report so far.
會議期間我做了筆記，但到目前為止我還沒有機會把它們寫進報告里。
Have you got a pen and a piece of paper? I’ll take notes of what you have told me.
你有筆紙嗎？我要把你告訴我的情況記下來。
Make a note of what the teacher said if you think it is important.
把老師說的你認為重要的記錄下來。
③on a personal note就個人而言：
On?a?personal?note,?I?am?very?lucky?that?I?have?been?enjoying?a?very?good?relationship?with?my?
parents.就個人而言，我很幸運我自己與父母一直相處得融洽。
④note down記下：
I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. 我正在尋找一張可以記下我向我媽推薦的書的書名的紙。
⑤noted adj.著名的：
What is Jane Addams noted for in history?歷史上珍妮·亞當斯因為什么而出名？
notebook n.筆記本：Mary entered?the?passage?in?her?notebook,?and then?read?it?aloud?again.?
瑪麗把那一段寫在她的筆記本上，然后又大聲念了一遍。
nothing n.①沒有東西，沒有什么：Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.世上無難事，只怕有心人。
He asked a lot of questions, most of which had nothing to do with his study.
他問了很多問題，其中大部分與他的學習無關。
②無足道的事或人：She is nothing to me.她對我而言無足輕重。
adv.一點也不，并不：It is nothing like what it used to be.這完全不是老樣。
【拓展】①for nothing不用錢，免費，徒勞：
You can have these apples for nothing.你可以拿走這些蘋果，不用付錢。
②nothing but僅僅，只(參看詞條anything but)：
Faced with such an awkward moment, she could do nothing but give a smile.
面對如此尷尬的時刻，她只得微笑了一下。
I?will?be?anything?but?quiet?on?Saturday?night!?星期六的晚上我根本靜不下心來！
notice n. ①布告/通告/告示，通知：
They?pinned?a?notice?to?the?door.他們把通知釘在門上。
I posted a notice about it on the bulletin board.我把有關那件事的通告貼在布告欄上。
To avoid missing the last bus, please read the notice put up in the station.
為了避免誤末班車，請仔細閱讀車站張貼的告示。
②注意：I warned him, but he took no notice of it.我警告過他，但他不聽。
No notice should be taken of what your mother says—she’s just in a bad mood.
不要在意你母親說的，她僅僅是心情不好。
v.注意(到)：She noticed him look/looking at her a couple of times.她注意到他朝她看了好幾次。
In order hot to be noticed. Jefferson slid into the classroom while his teacher was writing on the blackboard了不引起別人的注意，當老師在黑板上寫字時，杰斐遜溜進了教室。
【拓展】①后接不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式不能帶to，但若不定式為完成式，則要帶to：
I noticed them to have come early.我注意到他們早已來了。
②noticeable adj.顯著的，顯而易見的：
There’s?been?a?noticeable?improvement?in?his?handwriting.他的書法有了顯著的進步。
The?most?noticeable?effect?of?these?changes?is?in?the?way?people?are?now?working?together.?
這些變化帶來的最明顯效果體現(xiàn)在人們現(xiàn)在一起工作的方式上。
novel n.(長篇)小說：They are talking about Guo Jingming and his novel that are very popular with the students in school.他們正在談論很受在校學生歡迎的郭敬明和他的小說。
【拓展】novel adj.新奇的，與眾不同的：It’s a truly novel idea.這可真是一個新穎的概念。
novelist n.小說家：Leo Tolstoy was a famous novelist.利奧·托爾斯泰是著名小說家。
now adv. ①現(xiàn)在，此刻：She is out of danger now.她現(xiàn)在脫離危險了。
②(語氣詞)好，好了：Now, let’s move on to the next question!好，讓我們繼續(xù)談下一個問題。
另外：now n.現(xiàn)在，此刻，目前：Now is the best time for action!現(xiàn)在是行動的(最好)時刻。
【拓展】①from now on從現(xiàn)在起：
From now on I will try to do better.從現(xiàn)在開始我要盡量做好些。
②just now剛才，此刻：
I saw him just now.我剛才看到過他。
I’m busy just now.我此刻很忙。
③now and then時而，有時：He appears on TV now and then.他不時在電視上出現(xiàn)。
④now that既然，由于：
Now that you’re well again, you can travel.既然你身體好了，你現(xiàn)在可以旅行了。
⑤right now馬上：You must go there right now.你必須馬上就去。
nowadays adv.當今，現(xiàn)在：
Nowadays, children often prefer watching TV to reading.如今小孩子喜歡看電視而不愛看書。
noway adv.毫不，絕不，決不：They will?noway?surrender to the enemy.他們決不向敵人投降。
nowhere adv.任何地方都不：
Mr. Smith was really annoyed that the watch he had repaired was nowhere to be found.
修好的手表哪里都找不到，史密斯先生真的很生氣。
【拓展】①用于句首時，句子要倒裝：
Nowhere did he go that afternoon.那天下午他哪里也沒有去。
②nowhere near遠非，差得遠，遠沒有：
He’s?nowhere?near?recovered?yet?from?his?experiences.
他還遠沒有從自己的經歷中走出來。
nuclear adj.原子核的，原子能的，核動力的：
Being exposed to nuclear radiation, even for a short while, may do great harm to one’s health.
暴露在核輻射下，甚至是一小會，都會導致人體內基因的變異。
numb adj.麻木的，失去知覺的：My fingers were numb with cold.我的手指凍僵了。
【拓展】numb v.使麻木，使失去知覺：
The whole family was numbed and shocked by the news.全家人都給那消息嚇得目瞪口呆。
number n.①數(shù)，數(shù)字，號碼：
He lives at number 518.他住在518號。
My telephone number is 7226109.我的電話號碼是7226109。
②數(shù)量：We are fifteen in number.我們共計15人。
【拓展】a number of(許多)和the number of(……的數(shù)量)后均接復數(shù)名詞(代詞)，但用作主語時，前者與復數(shù)謂語連用，后者與單數(shù)謂語連用：
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.被邀請的人數(shù)為50，但其中有一些人由于各種原因沒有來。
numerous adj.許多，很多，數(shù)不清的：
I?have?numerous?engagements?next?week.下星期我有許多約會。
Things?like?this?are?too?numerous?to?mention.諸如此類，不勝枚舉。
At?six?p.m.?large?groups?poured?from?the?numerous?offices.?
下午6點鐘大群大群的人從數(shù)不清的(無數(shù))辦公樓里蜂擁而出。
Judging the voice not by appearance but by the voice itself makes the TV show stand out from numerous amusement programs.人們可以不僅通過外表，更可以通過聲音本身來作出判斷，著讓這種電視節(jié)目從眾多的娛樂節(jié)目中脫穎而出。
nurse n.護士：They?hired?a?nurse?to?care?for?her.他們雇了個護士來照顧她。
The?nurse?always?treats?the?sick?and?wounded?with?kindness.
這位護士總是以藹然可親的態(tài)度對待傷病員。
【拓展】nursing n.(職業(yè)性的)保育，護理：
Not having received regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.
由于沒有接受過正規(guī)的護理培訓，起初她幾乎無法應付這份工作。
He?instructed?family?members?in?nursing?techniques.他教給家人護理技巧。
—Didn’t you go fishing with your friends last Sunday?你上周日難道沒和你的朋友去釣魚么？
—No. I went to the nursing home as usual.沒有。我像往常一樣去了敬老院。
nursery n.托兒所，幼兒園：
When I was passing by, I saw them playing at the nursery.當我路過時，我看見他們正在托兒所里玩耍。
We?have?started?a?campaign?for?better?nursery?and?school?services?
我們已發(fā)起一場要求改善幼兒園和中小學教育服務的運動。
nut n.堅果，堅果仁：Nuts?and?seeds?are?good?sources?of?vitamin?E.堅果和種子里含有豐富的維生素E。
nutrition n.營養(yǎng)品，營養(yǎng)：Good nutrition is essential for children’s growth.營養(yǎng)充足對于兒童的成長很重要。
【拓展】①nutritional adj.有營養(yǎng)的：
Although this kind of vegetable tastes bitter, yet it is rich in nutrition and good for your health.雖然這種蔬菜嘗起來比較苦，但是它卻富含營養(yǎng)，對你的健康有益。
②nutritionist n.營養(yǎng)學家：
There is an increasing demand for organic produce, since it is highly recommended by many nutritionists.對有機農產品的需求越來越大，因為許多營養(yǎng)學家強烈推薦這種產品。
obey v.遵守，服從，聽從：
Obey the law, or you’ll be punished.遵守法律，否則你將受到處罰。
Now that you are a student in this school, you should obey its rules.
既然你是這所學校的學生，你就應該服從它的規(guī)定。
object 1 n.①物體，東西：Inside are over 500 paintings, prints, watercolors, and a variety of other art objects.
里面有500多種繪畫作品、印刷品、水彩畫和許多其他藝術品。
A chair is an object of simple construction.椅子是一種結構簡單的東西。
②目標：His object in life is to become rich.他的人生目標是成為有錢人。
③賓語：Some verbs take two objects.有些動詞帶兩個賓語。
object 2 v.反對：The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having a match without a standard court.比賽被取消是因為多數(shù)隊員反對不在一個標準球場比賽。
【拓展】①可及物或不及物，但及物時，其后通常只接that從句作賓語，而不接名詞或代詞等作賓語。若要接這類詞作賓語，則應后接介詞to(若后接動詞要用動名詞)。
②用作及物動詞后接that從句，其后從句所表示的內容不是“反對”的內容，而是反對的理由：I wanted to climb the hill, but he objected that he was too tired.我要去爬山，但是他卻以太累為由表示反對。
objective 1 n.目標，任務：
Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before staring a new project.強調在開始一個新項目之前，必須考慮到要達到的所有目標。
Peace?is?the?prime?objective?of?our?foreign?policy.我們把爭取和平作為對外政策的首要任務。
objective 2 adj.客觀的：
The power of words lies in their association with the ideas and objects in the objective world.
文字的力量在于他們在客觀世界中與思想和事物的聯(lián)系。
【拓展】objectivity n.客觀性：
Objectivity?means?that?the?content?reflected?by?the?proof?must?be?objective?facts.?
客觀性是指證據(jù)所反映的內容必須是客觀存在的事實。
observe v.①觀察，監(jiān)視，觀測：
He has observed the stars all his life.他一輩子都在觀察星星。
We observed that it had turned cloudy.我們注意到天已轉陰。
②評論，評說：
“He?is?a?fine?young?man,” observed?Stephen.“他是個很不錯的小伙子，”斯蒂芬評論說。
③遵守，奉行，慶祝：
We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with a reputation ____________ of delicious food on Spring Festival’s Eve.我們遵循傳統(tǒng)，在除夕夜吃一頓有著豐盛美食的家宴。
American?forces?are?observing?Christmas?quietly.美國部隊正在悄悄地慶祝圣誕節(jié)。
【拓展】①在observe sb.(sth.)do sth.中，用作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to，但若變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，則不定式要帶to：He was observed to leave the room.有人注意到他離開了屋子。
②observer n.觀察員，遵守者，觀察者，目擊者：
A team of British officials were sent as observers to the conference.
一組英國官員被派去做大會觀察員。
According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after it took off.
據(jù)目擊者說，飛機起飛后不久就爆炸了。
③observation n.觀察，觀察力：
The book was written on the basis of careful observations and detailed studies.
這本書是在仔細觀察與細致研究的基礎上撰寫的。
She?is?a?student?of?keen?observation.她是一個觀察力敏銳的學生.
obtain v.獲得，得到：Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
只有當你獲得了足夠的數(shù)據(jù)，你才能得出合理的結論。
【拓展】obtainable adj.可獲得的，可得到的：
Our?products?are?obtainable?in?all?computer?shops.我們的產品在所有的計算機商店有售。
Price?falls?when?raw?material?is?easily?obtainable.當原材料容易買到時，價格就會降低。
The?book?is?not?easily?obtainable?in?the?shops.這種書在眾多商店里不易買到。
obvious adj.顯然，明顯：
He claimed to have witnessed aliens taking away Justin, but it was obvious that he was telling a lie.
他聲稱目睹了外星人帶走了賈斯汀，但顯然他在撒謊。
There is really no obvious evidence that Justin was taken by aliens.
沒有明顯的證據(jù)顯示賈斯汀是被外星人帶走的
occasion n.場合，機會，時機：
What was her explanation for why she was late on such an important occasion?
在這么重要的場合她為什么遲到，她是怎么解釋的?
這歷來都是闡明政府政策的重要時機。
【拓展】①occasion作先行詞時如果指場合，則用where或者on which引導定語從句；如果指時間
則用when或者in which引導定語從句：
Wine is the world’s favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where great times are being shared with friends.葡萄酒是世界上最受歡迎的飲料，幾乎在所有與朋友分享美好時光的場合都是如此。
This is not an?occasion?for laughter, where you must take things seriously.
這是不適合大笑的場合，你應該嚴肅對待。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有時間和我的孩子們度過一天的機會是很少的。
注意下列這句：
Good parents turn every meal into a special occasion which they can use to discipline their kids.好父母把每頓飯變成一個特殊的場合，他們可以用來管教自己的孩子。(后面是一個定語從句，先行詞a special occasion指物，從句中use后缺少賓語，故用關系代詞which)。
②occasional adj.偶爾的：
I am not a heavy drinker, but I like the occasional glass of wine.
我不是一個酒鬼，只是偶爾喝一杯。
③on occasion有時，偶爾，間或：
Some?of?the?players?may,?on?occasion,?break?the?rules?and?be?penalized.
這些球員中有些偶爾可能會違規(guī)而受罰。
occupation n.①職業(yè)，工作：He?is?an?accountant?by?occupation.他的職業(yè)是會計師。
She wants to have an occupation where her management skills can be put to good use.
她想要一份能夠發(fā)揮她管理才能的職業(yè)。
②消遣：Mr. Smith has many occupations including gardening and wine-making.
史密斯先生有許多消遣活動，包括園藝和制酒。
③居住The house was adapted for?occupation.這所房子已被改造得可以居住了。
④占有，占領：
That?farm?has?been?in?the?occupation?of?the?same?family?for?over?a?hundred?years.?
那個農場被同一家族占有已有一百多年了。
Netherlands?suffered?invasion?and?occupation?by?Germany?in?World?War?II.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，荷蘭被德國侵略和占領。
【拓展】occupational職業(yè)的：
In?the?hospital,?we?have?specific?physical?therapist?and?occupational?therapist.
在醫(yī)院，我們這有專門的理療師和職業(yè)治療師。
occupy v.①占有，占用(房屋、土地等)：She occupied a big house.她占用了一座大房子。
②占據(jù)，充滿(時間、空間等)：The speech occupied three hours.發(fā)言占去了三個小時。
Occupied with all sorts of affairs, the manager had little time to have a good sleep.
由于經理忙于各種事務，幾乎沒有時間好好睡一覺。
③(軍事)占領：The army occupied the enemy’s capital.軍隊占領了敵國首都。
④使忙于：The newcomers were occupied in writing letters home.新來的人正忙于給家里寫信。
I had forgotten all about it because I had been so?occupied with?other things.?
因為忙于其他事情，我把這件事忘得精光。
occur vi.發(fā)生，存在，出現(xiàn)：
We should do everything we can to prevent such a silly mistake occurringagain in the future.
我們應該盡我們所能來防止這種愚蠢的錯誤在將來再次發(fā)生。
That sound doesn’t occur in his native language, so it is difficult for him to pronounce it.
那個聲音在他的母語中不存在，所以對他來說很難發(fā)音。
【拓展】occur to發(fā)生在，被想起/到：
I was going to pay by cash when it suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
我正要付現(xiàn)金，突然想起我把錢包忘在家里了。
A terrible thought suddenly occurred to me—Had anyone broken into the house?
我突然想起一個可怕的想法——有人破門而入了嗎？
ocean n.海洋：Life is like an ocean; only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.
生活就像海洋。只有意志堅強的人，才能到達彼岸。
【拓展】an ocean of大量，許多：There?are?an?ocean?of?flowers.有許多的花。
Oceania n.大洋洲：
Oceania?is mainly made up of Australia and New?Zealand.大洋洲主要是由澳大利亞和新西蘭組成的。
o’clock n.……點鐘：At?nearly?twelve?o?’clock,?a?guard?came?into?the?office.?
快12點時，一個衛(wèi)兵走進辦公室。
odd adj.①奇怪的，反常的：Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really taken to.
查爾斯是個凱利從未真正喜歡過的古怪的人物。
②剩余的：Two?hundred?odd?were?present?at?the?meeting.到會人數(shù)二百掛零兒。
③臨時的：I’ll?get?an?odd?job?as?a?waitress?in?the?restaurant?where?my?father?works.?
我將在父親工作的飯店里找一份服務員的臨時工作。
As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.
作為一項規(guī)定，國內的企業(yè)員工加班按小時支付工資。
【拓展】俗語：beating the odds克服困難；against all odds不計成敗，困難重重；at odds爭執(zhí)(不一致)，有矛盾；with the odds可能性。
of prep.①(表所屬)……的：He knew the result of the exam yesterday.他昨天知道了考試成績。
②(表部分)……之中的：One of my friends has gone abroad.我的一個朋友出國了。
③(表數(shù)量或份量等)……之量的：We need five tons of coal.我們需要5噸煤。
④(表材料)由……組成：She bought a dress of silk.她買了件絲連衣裙。
⑤(表起源或出處)從……來的：He was born of German parents.他的父母是德國人。
⑥(表原因)因為，由于：We’re proud of our motherland.我們?yōu)樽鎳械津湴痢?br /> ⑦(表品質或特點)：It is very kind of you to say so.你這樣說真是太好了。
⑧(表涉及)關于：He told us of his travels.他給我們講了他的旅行見聞。
⑨(表同位關系)：We live in the city of Beijing.我們住在北京市。
⑩(表動賓關系)：Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth.失去健康比失去財富更糟。
?(表主謂關系)：We waited for the arrival of the next train.我們等待下班火車的到來。
off prep.①(表距離)離開，隔開：Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。
②(表脫離)從……脫落，從……掉下：The picture fell off the wall.畫從墻上掉了下來。
③缺席，休假：She is off work with a cold.她因傷風而沒有上班。
adv.離開，(電，自來水等)停了，中斷：Please make sure the lights are off.請確保電燈已經關閉。
【拓展】①well off生活富裕，日子好過，處境好，幸運，運氣好：
Fools?never?know?when?they?are?well?off.人若愚癡，有福不知。
Ten years have passed and I’m glad to find that the local villagers are now much better off than they were before.十年已經過去了，我們高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)當?shù)氐拇迕癖纫郧案辉６嗔恕?br /> ②badly off貧困的，境況不好的：
Though he was badly off, he looked down upon those who had a lot of money.
盡管他很貧窮，但是他很看不起那些有很多錢的人。
We shouldn’t complain about being poor because many families are much worse off.
我們不能抱怨窮，因為有些家庭比我們更窮。
offence n.冒犯，觸怒，違反，犯罪，攻擊：
The photo on the cover of the book may cause offence to some people.
這本書的封面可能對一些人造成冒犯。
I did not give offence to you deliberately.我不是故意得罪你的。
Their?behavior?is?an?offence.?It’s?no?laughing?matter.他們這么做是犯罪，這可不是開玩笑的。
The?most?effective?defense?is?offence.最有效之防御乃為攻擊。
【拓展】①No offence并無惡意，請勿見怪：
No offence, but I want to say that the driver is not the one to blame for the accident.
無意冒犯，但我想說這次事故不應該怪司機。
—Why are you moving out?你為什么要搬出去？
—No offence, but I just don’t like the atmosphere here.
請勿見怪，我只是不喜歡這里的氛圍。
②offend v.觸怒，得罪，冒犯，犯規(guī)，觸犯：
I didn’t mean to offend you.我不是故意冒犯你。
He did not offend against the law.他沒犯法。
I apologize if I had offended you, but I assure you that it was unintentional.
如果我冒犯了你，我抱歉，但是我向你保證我不是故意的。
offer n.①提供，建議：Thank you for your offer of help [to help].謝謝你愿意提供幫助。
②出價，開價：We?have?no?wish?to?sell,?but?if?you?make?a?fair?offer,?it?shall?have?attention.
我們不想賣，但如果你出價合理，我們將給予考慮。
Ladies and Gentlemen, Italian wines are on special offer this week.
女士們先生們，意大利葡萄酒本周特價。
v.提供，給予：Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要班門弄斧。
He offered her his chair.=He offered his chair to her.他把他的椅子給她坐。
I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation.
我主動提出給房子刷漆換來一周的膳宿。
In many countries, it is a common practice to offer guests tea or coffee.
在許多國家，給客人上茶或咖啡是常見的慣例。
office n.辦公室：I?have?to?go?to?the?office?this?Saturday.?我這個星期六必須去辦公室(上班)。
【拓展】take office任職，就職：The?new?president?will?take?office?in?January.新總統(tǒng)將于1月就職。
officer n.軍官，警察，警官，公務員：
His father is an officer in the army.他父親是軍官( 陸軍指揮官)。
She told the police officer what had happened.她把所發(fā)生的事告訴了警官。
My?father?is?a?government?officer. He?likes?playing?sports.我的父親是個公務員，他很喜歡運動。
official n.(公司、團體或政府的)官員，高級職員：
He was an official in the government office.他是政府辦公室的一名官員。
adj.①官方的，政府的：The scheme has not yet received official approval.那計劃還沒有得到官方的批準。
②正式的：The?mayor?presented?him?with?a?gold?medal?at?an?official?city?reception?
市長在一次正式的市政招待會上給他頒發(fā)了一枚金質獎章。
offshore adj.近海的，離岸的：
Our?country?has?rich?offshore?aquatic?resources.我國近海有豐富的水產資源。
The?island?offers?a?wide?range?of?offshore?banking?facilities.這座島上有很多離岸金融機構。
often adv.經常，常常：
Do you often have chicken for dinner?你就餐時常吃雞嗎？
How?often?do?you?brush?your?teeth?你多久刷一次牙？
oh interj.哦，?。骸癐 saw Ben yesterday.”“Oh yes, how is he?” “我昨天看見本了。”“哦，他好嗎？”
oil n.油：Excuse?me,?where?did?you?buy?the?cooking?oil??請問你的食用油是在哪里買的？
v.給……加油：The?machine?won’t?function?well?if?you?don’t?oil?it.你若不給機器加油，它就不能很好運轉。
OK=okay adj.好，對，不錯：Is it OK to park my car here?我可以在這兒停車嗎？
adv.良好地，順利地：That car goes OK now.那輛車現(xiàn)在行駛情況良好。
interj.好，行：OK, you can go.好，你去吧。
okay adj.好，行：Is it?okay?if I come by?myself?我一個人來行嗎？
old adj.老的，舊的：It is dangerous for an old man to run fast.老人快跑是危險的。
This computer is old.這臺電腦是舊的。
【拓展】①the old 表示“老人”，具有復數(shù)意義：
The old are not as strong as the young.老年人不如年輕人強壯。
②與young并列時，位置可顛倒，且通常不用冠詞：
Both old and young [young and old] enjoyed themselves at the party.
晚會上無論老少都玩得開心。
Olympic(s) adj.奧林匹克的：She won an Olympic gold.她贏得一枚奧運會金牌。
n.奧林匹克，[用復數(shù)][the Olympic] = Olympic Games：
She?won?the?individual?gold?medal?at?the?Winter?Olympics.她在冬奧會上獲得了個人金牌。
omit v.省略，遺漏，刪掉，未(做)：
Omit?the?salt?in?this?recipe.省略菜譜中放鹽這一步。
His?new?girlfriend?had?omitted?to?tell?him?she?was?married.?他的新女友未把自己已婚的事實告訴他。
Our?apologies?to?David?Pannick?for?omitting?his?name?from?last?week’s?article.
我們在上周的文章里漏掉了戴維·潘尼克的名字，特此向他致歉。
on adj.已連接、處于工作狀態(tài)或使用中：
The war was on then.那時正在打仗。 The light were all full on.燈火通明。
prep.①(表位置)在……上：Leave the glasses on the table.杯子就在桌上放著吧。
②(表地點)在：on the street在街上 on the farm 在農場
③(表接近)接近，靠近：The hotel is on the lake.旅館在湖邊。
④(表方向)朝，向：She smiled on him.她向他微笑。
⑤(表方式)乘，坐：We came on the bus.我們坐公共汽車來的。
⑥(表時間)在：on Monday 在星期一 on October 1st 在10月1日
⑦有關，關于：He wrote a book on African animals.他寫了一本關于非洲動物的書。
⑧(表活動、狀態(tài)等)在……中，從事：
The building is on fire.那幢房子著火了。 She is still on holiday.她還在休假。
⑨(表花費)在……方面：They spent their money on books.他們把錢花在買書上。
⑩(表方式)通過，憑借：I heard it on the radio.我從收音機上聽到的。
?(表攜帶)擁有，帶著：I’ve got no money on me.我沒有帶錢。
?(表根據(jù)或原因)根據(jù)，由于，因為：I congratulate you on your success.我祝賀您的成功。
?是……的成員，在……供職：My brother is on the committee.我哥哥是委員會的成員。
adv.①穿上，穿著：What did she have on?她穿了什么(衣服)？
②繼續(xù)著：They worked on and on all night.他們連續(xù)不斷地干了個通宵。
③更遠地，再向前地：Shall we go on?我們繼續(xù)向前嗎?
④開著，處于工作狀態(tài)中：Turn on the radio.打開收音機。
once n.一次，一回：I?met?him?only?the?once,?and?that?was?enough.我就見過他那一次，那就讓我受夠了。
adv.①一次：I go to the sports club and work out once a week.我每周去運動俱樂部鍛煉一次。
②一度，從前：He once [Once he] lived in the country.他一度住在鄉(xiāng)下。
conj.一旦：I will go on a vacation once all the work is at an end.一旦所有的工作結束，我就去度假。
【拓展】①at once立即，馬上：I insisted that he go at once.我堅持要他馬上走。
②once again又：
Once again, autumn is here, and so is the beautiful new color it brings to the world around us.
又到秋天了，它給我們周圍的世界帶來的美麗新色彩也來了。
③once upon a time從前：
Once?upon?a?time, there lived an old man who had two beautiful?daughters.
從前，有一個老人，他有兩個美麗的女兒。
④once in a while時不時，偶爾，間或：
It’s?a?relief?to?get?out?of?the?office?once?in?a?while.偶爾走出辦公室去透透氣也是一種調劑。
one pron.①一個(只……)：This one will do.這個就行了。
②某一：One?hot?afternoon?in?the?summer,?the?old?man?was?asleep?in?hischair.?
一個悶熱的夏天的下午，老漢在椅子上睡著了。
③任何人：One should not be too proud.人不應該太驕傲。
Compared with one’s workplace, home provides a more humane environment for one to fully relax oneself.與工作場所相比，家提供給人一個更好的環(huán)境來完全地放松自己。
oneself pron.自己：One should not praise oneself.人不該自吹自擂。
Life is a thing one can’t live all to oneself, but a thing one shares with others.
生活不是一件完全為自己活著的事情，而是要與其他人分享的事情。
To start with the aim of doing harm to others is only to end up ruining oneself.
抱著傷害別人的目的結果會最終毀了自己。
【拓展】根據(jù)不同人稱和單復數(shù)，可以有myself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves 等形式，除了表示某人自己外，還可表示“親自”、“(情緒、健康等)處于正常情況”：
I spoke to the director himself.我和局長本人談過話。
She is herself again.她恢復了正常。
onion n.洋蔥，洋蔥頭：There is too much onion in the salad.色拉里的洋蔥太多。
only adj.惟一的，僅有的：He is an only child.他是獨生子。
There are a few books on the shelf.But only one of them is worth reading.
書架上有幾本書。但只有一本書值得一讀。
adv.僅僅，只：She only likes pop music.她只喜歡流行音樂。
【拓展】①通常應放在它所修飾的詞語之前(如果它所修飾的詞在句末，則也可將它放在該詞之后)，否則會造成歧義：
Only I saw her last night.昨晚只有我看到過她(即別人沒看到過她)。
I only saw her last night.昨晚我只是看到過她(即沒干別的事)。
I saw only her last night.昨晚我看到過的只有她(即沒看到過別人)。
I saw her only last night [last night only].
我只是在昨晚才看到過她(即其他時候未看到過她)。
②后接狀語(從句)置于句首時，其后句子要倒裝：
Only in this way are you able to do it well.你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。
Only after the incident happened was I conscious of his unfriendliness.
在事故發(fā)生以后，我才意識到他的不友好。
③not only..., but also...：前一分句要倒裝，后一分句則不倒裝
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
護士們不僅要求漲工資，而且要求減少工作時間。
但是：not only...but also...連接主語時，不倒裝：
Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
④only if(只有)與 if only(要是……就好了)：
Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.
只有滿足這些條件，申請才會進入到下一階段。
They haven’t solved the problem yet. If only she had listened to what he said!
他們還沒有解決這個問題。要是她聽了他的話就好了。
④only +動詞不定式表示結果：
—Why are you so disappointed?你為什么這樣失望?。?br /> —I went there hurriedly and waited there for 3 hours, only to be told the tickets have been sold out.我匆忙趕到那里等了3個小時，結果卻被告知票被賣完了。
onto prep.到……上，在……上：The dog jumped onto the chair.這條狗跳到了椅子上面。
【拓展】有時可分寫成 on to：He put the dictionary onto [on to] the desk.他把字典放到桌上。但是，當on為副詞時必須分開寫：We drove on to the town.我們把車一直開到鎮(zhèn)上。
open adj.①開著的，開放的：The front door is open.前門是開著的。
The museum is open to foreign visitors.博物館對外賓開放。
②開闊的，空曠的：open fields空曠的田野
③敞開的，露天的：an open market露天市場 an open shirt寬松的恤衫
④開通的，開明的：an open mind豁達的心胸
⑤公開的，公然的：an open secret公開的秘密
⑥坦誠的，直率的：Let’s be open with each other.讓我們彼此坦誠相見吧。
⑦正在營業(yè)的：The bank isn’t open yet.銀行還未開門(營業(yè))。
v.①開，打開：Please open the door for me.請幫我把門打開。
②打開，翻開：Open your book at page 55.把書翻到第55頁。
③營業(yè)：The shops usually open at nine o’clock.商店一般在九點鐘開始營業(yè)。
【拓展】open up放開，打開，開發(fā)，開拓：
As?the?market?opens?up,?I?think?people?are?going?to?be?able?to?spend?more money?on?
consumer?goods.隨著市場的放開，我認為人們將能夠增加用于消費品的支出。
These?programmes?will?open?up?markets?for?farmers.這些計劃將為農民打開市場。
The?government?is?going?to?open?up?new?areas?of?industry?to?provide?employment.?
政府將開發(fā)新的工業(yè)區(qū)以提供就業(yè)機會。
opening n.①開頭，開端：The opening of this book is not very good.這本書的開頭不夠精彩。
②通道：An opening in the trees leads to a large garden.樹林中有一條道路通向一個大花園。
opera n.歌?。篋o you like opera?你喜歡歌劇嗎？
Some elder people enjoy Beijing opera.有些上了年紀的人喜愛京劇。
operate v.①做手術：The doctor will operate on her leg tomorrow.醫(yī)生明天給她的腿動手術。
②操作，運轉，經營：Can you operate a computer?你會操作電腦嗎？
The hospital operates well, where many wounded are operated on every day.
醫(yī)院運轉良好，在醫(yī)院里，每天都有傷員做手術。
【拓展】operation n.手術，操作，經營：
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
在操作機器的時候必須要穿防護服。
As is estimated, more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025.據(jù)估計，到2025年為止，全國將有2000多萬輛共享單車投入運營。
operator n.①接線員，操作員，電報員：
Emergency line operators must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.報警電話的接線員必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜并且確保他們得到的需要幫助的有關信息發(fā)出去。
He dialed the?operator?and put in a call for?Rome.他撥了接線員的號，讓他接通一個到羅馬的電話。
He?is?a?computer?operator.他是個電腦操作員。
The telegram has faded out in our life now, and gone with it are telegraph operators.
現(xiàn)在，電報已經從我們的生活中淡出，和它一起消逝的還有電報員。
②經營者：She?is?the?local?representative?for?a?British?tour?operator.
她是一位英國旅游經營者的當?shù)卮怼?br /> opinion n.看法，見解：
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
湯姆是如此獨立，以至于他從來不征求父母的看法，除非他想得到他們的支持。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.對這件事的看法因人而異。
【拓展】in one’s opinion依某人看，在某人看來：
In my opinion, you’re wrong.依我看，你錯了。
Being committed to his dream, in my opinion, is the reason why he can succeed in the end.
在我看來，致力于他的夢想，是他能成功的原因。
opportunity n.機會，機遇，良機：
Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.
機會和運氣總是青睞那些敢于奮斗的人。
I?wish?to?take?this?opportunity?to?thank?you?all.我愿借此機會向大家表示感謝。
Industry?and?opportunity?were?the?chief?factors?in?his?success.勤奮和機遇是他成功的兩大因素。
oppose v.反對，反抗：The local people opposed building the new hotel because of the great cost.
由于費用較高，當?shù)厝朔磳ㄐ碌馁e館。
They all opposed the plan.他們都反對這項計劃。
【拓展】①be opposed to(反對)中的to是介詞，后接動詞時，要用動名詞：
Dr?Muffett?stressed?that?he?was?opposed?to?bullying?in?schools?and?that?action?would?be?taken?to?stamp?it?out.馬費特博士強調說，他反對學校中的恃強凌弱現(xiàn)象，將會采取行動杜絕該現(xiàn)象。
②opponent n.對手，競爭者，反對者：
Norris?twice?knocked?down?his?opponent?in?the?early?rounds?of?the?fight?
諾里斯在前幾個回合中兩次擊倒對手。
George?Bush?used?the?occasion?to?criticize?his?opponent.
喬治?布什利用這個機會批評他的反對者。
opposite n.對面，相反：Black and white are opposites.黑白是對立面。
adj.對面的，相反的：Her house is opposite to mine.她的房子在我的房子對面。
My view on the project is the very opposite to yours. That’s to say, I don’t agree with you at all.
我對這個項目的看法和你的正好相反。也就是說，我根本不同意你的觀點。
【拓展】用作形容詞表示“對面的”時，可放在被修飾名詞之前或之后，但表示“相反的”，則只能置于被修飾名詞之前：
He lives in the opposite house.=He lives in the house opposite.他住在對面的房子里。
He hurried away in the opposite direction.他匆匆忙忙朝相反的方向走了。
opposition n.①(強烈的)反對，反抗，反對派，在野黨：
The reason why the government decided to put off the plans to build a new airport was that the plan met with fierce opposition from local farmers.
政府決定推遲建新機場的原因就是：該計劃遭受到當?shù)剞r民的強烈反對。
②對手，對立的事物：
It?is?often?believed,?however,?that?competition?and?cooperation?are?in opposition?to?each?other.
然而，人們往往以為，競爭與合作是相互對立的。
optimistic adj.樂觀的：
For all the failure of his business, he remains optimistic and seemingly untroubled by his problems.
對于生意上的失敗，他仍然很樂觀，似乎并沒有被這些問題所困擾。
U.S. Big Three auto makers can not?be optimistic about?the situation.?
美國三大汽車巨頭的處境也不容樂觀.
option n.選擇，可供選擇的事物：
We?had?no?option?but?to?abandon?the?meeting.我們別無選擇，只有放棄這次會面。
The former option would be much more sensible.前一個選擇會更講得通。
optional adj.可選擇的，非強制的：
Is English Literature an optional lesson, or does everyone have to learn it?
英國文學是選修課還是每個人必須學習的？
We?have?some?optional?subjects.我們有一些選修科目。
It is optional with you.那是你的自由。
or conj.①或者，還是：Will you have tea or coffee?你喝茶還是喝咖啡？
②否則：Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則就會出事。
oral adj.口頭上的，口述的：He had to give an oral report at the meeting.他必須在會上做口頭的匯報。
You can’t improve your oral English if you don’t speak, just like you can’t learn how to swim on the bed.
如果你不說，你就不能提高你的英語口語，就像你不能在床上學會游泳一樣。
orange n.①橘子，橙子：
An?orange?a day will give you all the vitamin C you?need.
每天吃一個橙子能充分攝取所需的維生素C。
②(一杯)橘汁：A fresh orange, please.請來一杯鮮澄汁。
adj.橘色的，橙色的：
He?is?looking?for?a?criminal?in?an?orange?jacket.他正在尋找一位身穿橘色夾克的罪犯。
orbit n.(天體等的)運行軌道，正軌：
China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, marking a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.周三，中國的嫦娥4號機器人探測器進入月球軌道，標志著它在月球遠端軟著陸任務中邁出了重要一步。
Our?team?has?gone?into?orbit.我們團隊已經步入正軌.
order n.①順序：These numbers are in order.這些數(shù)字是按順序排列的。
②秩序：Shortly after the accident, two dozen police went to the spot to keep order.
事故發(fā)生后不久，二十四名警察到現(xiàn)場維持秩序。
③(常用復)命令，指揮：give orders下命令 take orders接受命令
④定購，定貨：I placed an order for 500 pairs of shoes with the factory.我向這家工廠定購了500雙鞋。
v.①定購，定貨：He ordered himself a new suit.=He ordered a new suit for himself.
他為自己訂購了一套西裝。
②點菜：Are you ready to order yet, madam?太太，你可以點菜了嗎？
③命令，要求：He ordered them to stop.他命令他們停下。
【拓展】①in order按順序，整齊，井然有序，有秩序，處于良好狀態(tài)；out of order順序亂的(地)，情況不好，壞了：
Mother was always scolding him for leaving things out of order, but to her satisfaction, he put them in order today.
媽媽總是斥責他亂放東西，但是，令她滿意的是，他今天放的東西井然有序。
The machine is out of order.這機器壞了。
②in order to為了……(后接動詞原形)：
In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning.
為了趕上第一班公共汽車，他今天早上起得很早。
③in order that為了……(后接從句)：
In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him up at 6.
為了讓他不遲到，他母親六點就叫醒了他。
④后接that從句時，從句謂語通常用“(should)+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣：
He ordered that the house(should)be sold.他下命令把房子賣掉。
ordinary adj.①通常的，慣常的：An ordinary work day is eight hours.正常的工作日是8小時。
②普通的，平凡的：Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細菌。
③平淡的，平庸的：His speech was just ordinary.他的演講很平淡。
【拓展】參看normal, common和usual等詞條：
Today he came earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day.
今天他比平常來得早，因為這不是一個普通的日子。
He had very little in common with his sister.他和姐姐幾乎沒有什么共同語言。
He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life .他應該能夠過上完全正常的生活。
organ n. ①(人或動物的)器官：The?largest?organ?in?the?body?is?the?liver.?人體最大的器官是肝臟。
She was in a critical condition after the heart transplant operation when her body rejected the foreign
organ.在心臟移植手術后，她的身體排斥外來器官，情況危險。
②機構：Parliament?is?an?organ?of?government.議會是政府的一個機構。
organise(Am organize) v.
①組織：Organizing the English speech competition will be a lot of work, so I need some volunteers to help out.組織英語演講比賽是一項繁瑣的工作，所以我需要一些志愿者來幫忙。
②安排：Go?right?ahead,?I’m?sure?you?don’t?need?me?to?organize?you.
只管干吧，我相信你用不著我來為你安排。
【拓展】organizer n. 組織者，編制者，發(fā)起人：
The sales manager was asked whom he should recommend to be the organizer of the next promotion plans.銷售經理被問到他應該推薦誰作為下一次促銷計劃的組織者。
organization n.①組織：The organization was founded for the benefit of poor children.
這個組織是為了貧困兒童的利益而建立的。
②團體，協(xié)會：An?organization?must?have?rules,?and?so?must?a?state.
一個團體必須要有章程，一個國家也是。
origin n.起源，由來，出版：Many Americans are African by origin.許多美國人是非洲血統(tǒng)。
【拓展】originate v.起源：
Originating in the invention of the steam engine, the industrial revolution played a vital role in human history.起源于蒸汽機的發(fā)明，工業(yè)革命在人類歷史上起著重要的作用。
original adj.①最初的，原來的：
I?would?like?to?thank?them?for?allowing?me?to?develop?their?original?idea?
我想感謝他們允許我深入完善他們最初的想法。
Repairs of historic buildings have to be in sympathy with the original structure.
歷史建筑的修繕必須與原有結構保持一致。故答案為A。
②別致的，獨創(chuàng)的：
It?is?one?of?the?most?original?works?of?imagination?in?the?language.?
這是用該語言寫成的最具獨創(chuàng)性和想象力的作品之一。
other pron.別人，另一些：
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些國家，人們用筷子吃飯，而在另一些國家，人們用刀叉吃飯。
adj.別的，另外的：Have you got any other questions?你還有其他的問題嗎？
Mary donated half of her money to charity，and spent the other half on her education.
瑪麗把一半錢捐給了慈善機構，另外一半用于自己的學費。
【拓展】①each other相互，彼此：We should help each other.我們應該互相幫助。
②every other每隔一：We go there every other day.我們每隔一天去一次。
③no(none)other than不是別的，正是：
The man was none other than my husband.這個人正是我丈夫。
④other than除……之外，只有：
I don’ t know any French people other than you.
除了你以外，我不認識任何法國人。
The contract cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
這個合同只能由你本人簽署。
⑤one…the other…一個……(兩者中的)另一個……：
I have two sisters. One?is a teacher, the?other?is a doctor.
我有兩個姐姐，一個是老師，另一個是醫(yī)生。
otherwise adv.①除此以外，在其他方面：
The driver suffered shock but was otherwise hurt.司機除了受到驚嚇并未受傷。
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他愛吵鬧，但在其他方面倒是一個好孩子。
②不同地，采取別的方式，另外：
What we had done was to help him, but surprisingly he thought otherwise.
我們所做的一切是想幫助他的，但令人吃驚的是他不那么認為。
—Why didn’t you go with us to the movie Star Trek Beyond?
—I would love to, but I was otherwise engaged.
“你為什么不和我們一起去看電影《星際迷航》呢？”“我很想去，但我另有安排。”
③or otherwise或相反，或其反面：
There will be no surprise—pleasant or otherwise.
不會有什么意想不到的的事——不論是令人愉快的還是令人不愉快的。
【拓展】①conj.要不然，否則：
The naughty boy ran away quickly, otherwise he would have been caught by the angry headmaster.這個淘氣的男孩跑得很快，要不然就會被生氣的校長抓住。
②adj.不是那樣的，另外的：
The truth is quite otherwise.另有實情/實情大有出入。
Some are wise and some are otherwise.一些人聰明，另一些則不是的。
ought modal v.應該，應當：
There ought to be a comma here.這兒應該有個逗號。
You ought to have come earlier.你本該來得早一點兒。
【拓展】ought to do sth=應該要去做某事，ought to have done sth=本來應該要做某事(結果未做)：She ought to look after her children better.她應該把自己的孩子照顧得好些。
You ought to should have helped him.你本來應該幫助他的。
our pron.我們的(形容詞性所有格)：Our?efforts?are?beginning?to?have?an?actual?effect.我們的努力開始有了實效。
ours pron.我們的(名詞性所有格)：
Japanese democracy is certainly different from?ours.日本的民主制度無疑與我們的不同。
ourselves pron.我們自己：
We?must?try?to?live?in?peace?and?harmony?with?ourselves?and?those?around?us.
我們必須努力和我們自己及周圍的人和睦相處。
out adv.①不在家：Mother is out.母親不在家。
②在外面，向外面：He is out in the garden.他在外面的花園里。
③熄滅：The fire’s gone out.火熄滅了。
④完全地：I’m tired out.我極度疲倦。
prep.①從……里面(出來)，從……當中：
She walked out of the room.她從房間出來。
I don’t get great pleasure out of it.我沒有從這里面得到很大的樂趣。
②在……的范圍外：Soon the ship was out of sight.不久輪船就看不見了。
③離開，脫離：The patient is not yet out of danger.病人尚未脫離危險。
④用完，沒有：We are out of money.我們的錢用完了。
⑤出于，由于：I only helped them out of pity.我?guī)退麄冎皇浅鲇谕椤?br /> ⑥用……制成：We can make many things out of bamboo.我們可以用竹子做成許多東西。
⑦(表比例)每，從(某數(shù)量)中：One apple out of ten is bad.每十個蘋果中，就有一個是壞的。
⑧用完，缺乏：We’re out of food.我們的食物吃完了。
⑨(表放棄等)失去，放棄，不要：I talked her out of marrying him.我勸她不要嫁給他。
【拓展】out of+名詞構成的短語特別多，現(xiàn)列出常考的短語：
You’ll have to use the stairs. I’m sure the lift is out of order.
你只能使用樓梯，我敢肯定電梯出故障了。
Modern furniture would be out of practice in a Victorian house.
現(xiàn)代的家具，在維多利亞時代的房子里不實用。
His remark was considered to be quite out of place, because it deepened the gap between two parties and caused more conflicts.他的評論被認為是不恰當，因為它加深了兩黨的間隙，導致更多的沖突。
The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.這本字典過時了：自從它被出版，很多單詞被增加到這個語言中。
He is out of shape. Better not add to his workload.
他身體狀況不佳，不要增加他的工作負擔了。
The?front?wheel?of?the?bicycle?was?out?of?shape.自行車的前輪變形了。
It should be out of question that the civil servant should be dismissed for drunk driving .
毫無疑問那個醉駕的公務員應該被革職。
For?the?homeless,?private?medical?care?is?simply?out?of?the?question.?
對于無家可歸的人而言，私人醫(yī)療純粹是天方夜譚。
She?knew?that?a?holiday?this?year?was?out?of?the?question.她知道今年休假是不可能了。
After walking a whole day, I was almost out of breath, not feeling bad, though.
走了一整天以后，我?guī)缀跎蠚獠唤酉職?。但是我感覺并不壞。
outcome n.結局，結果：
Being exposed too early to the foreign language study, according to some experts, may lead to some unfavorable outcomes.在一些專家看來，過早接觸外語學習也許會導致一些不好的結果。
outdoors adv.在戶/室外，在野外：Children usually prefer playing outdoors.孩子們通常喜歡在室外玩。
Young people spend most of their time outdoors, for they don’t want to stay at home all day.
年輕人把很多的時間都花在了戶外，因為他們不想整體都待在家里。
n.戶外，野外：I’m?a?lover?of?the?outdoors.我喜愛戶外運動。
We?like?the?great?outdoors.我們喜歡廣闊的野外世界。
【拓展】outdoor adj.戶外的，野外的(通常只放在名詞前作定語，不用作表語)：
He?will?attend?an?outdoor?concert?in?his?honour?in?the?centre?of?Paris.?
他將出席在巴黎市中心特地為他舉辦的一場露天音樂會。
Football is an outdoor game.足球是室外運動。
outer adj.外部的，外面的：The outer walls of the house were made of brick.房子的外墻是磚砌的。
People felt it impossible for man to fly into outer space some years ago.
幾年前，人們覺得人類不可能飛入外層空間。
outgoing adj.①友善而好交際的，外向的：
Shelly was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.雪莉小時候很害羞，但現(xiàn)在她很外向了。
②外出的，離開的：Please?check?other?outgoing?flights.請查查看其他離岸的班機。
③外寄的，外發(fā)的：Pull all the outgoing mail in a pile on that table.
將所有要寄出的郵件摞好放在那個桌子上。
④即將離職的：She?is?the?outgoing?head?of?a?large?corporation.
她是一家大公司即將離職的負責人。
outing n.郊游，遠足：We went for an outing to the sea on Sunday.星期天我們到海邊去遠足了。
Our students were so thrilled at the news that the teachers, together with them, would go to Suzhou for spring outing that they jumped with joy.我們的學生聽到老師要和他們一起去蘇州春游的消息后激動得跳了起來。
outline n.①梗概/概況，大綱，提綱，要點：
We?hope?this?leaflet?will?provide?a?basic?outline.我們希望這本小冊子能提供一個基本的梗概。
He just gave me the outline of the report. I’m looking forward to some more details.
他只告訴我運動會的概況，我渴望知道更多的一些細節(jié)。
Good writers always work out an outline before writing an article.
好的作家在寫文章之前總是先寫提綱。
He?just?introduced?the?outline?of?his?essay.他只是介紹了他的論文的要點。
②外形，輪廓，輪廓線，概述：
In?spite?of the?mist?the?sailors?could?trace?the?outline?of?an?island.?
盡管有霧，水手們還能依稀看出一個島嶼的輪廓。
The?proposals?were?given?in?outline?by?the?Secretary?of?State.國務卿對提議進行了簡要的概述。
v.概述，略述，畫出輪廓，打草圖，草擬：
At the interview, she outlined what I would be doing.在面試時，她概述了我將要干的工作。
We outlined our main objections to the proposal.我們扼要地說明了反對該建議的意見。
Outline?a?map?of?North?America.畫一幅北美的草圖。
You?have?two?days?to?outline?an?advertising?campaign?for?me.?
你有兩天的時間來替我草擬出一系列的行銷活動。
output n.輸出，產量：The new technology, if applied to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
這個新科技如果被應用于農業(yè)，將會增加糧食產量。
outside n.外面：The outside of the car is blue.汽車的外殼是藍色的。
adj.外部的：It is?not?just?outside?circumstances?that?we?complain?about.不僅僅是外部的環(huán)境讓我們抱怨。
adv.在外面，向外面：
Seeing me waiting outside, he gestured for me to enter.看到我在外面等著，他做手勢讓我進去。
prep.在……外面：Leave my mail outside my door.把我的郵件放在門外。
outspoken adj.直言不諱的，坦率的：
She was very outspoken about her wish to be married.她毫不掩飾自己的結婚愿望。
Sometimes he was made in an embarrassing situation because he was always too outspoken in his work.由于他在工作中太坦率，有時他處于一個尷尬的處境。
outstanding adj. ①杰出/突出的，著名的：
The award was established in 1902 as a special distinction for outstanding people in this field.
這個獎項是頒發(fā)給這個領域杰出的人。
②未完結的，未清的，未付的：Some of the work is still outstanding.有些工作還未完成。
outward(s) adj.外面的，外表的：
To all outward appearances (=as far as it was possible to judge from the outside)they were perfectly happy.從外表上看他們顯得無比幸福。
adv.(=outwards)向外地，外出地：
Does that window open inwards or outwards?那個窗戶是向里開還是向外開的？
oval n.橢圓形，橢圓：
Draw?a?green?oval?beside?the?big?circle.在大圓圈旁邊畫一個綠色的橢圓。
adj.橢圓形的，卵形的：
The?leaf?is?oval?in?shape.葉呈橢圓形。
A straight bob ending at the jaw line is the wrong thing to do for an oval face, for it accentuates the angles of the face.對于鵝蛋臉來說，以下巴線結束的直發(fā)波波頭是錯誤的，因為它會突出臉部的棱角。
oven n.烤爐，烤箱：The?meat?is?roasting?in?the?oven.肉在烤爐里烤著。
over prep.①(表位置)在……之上，在……的(正)上方：
The sky was a clear blue over our heads.我們頭頂上是蔚藍的天空。
②(表覆蓋)蓋在……上：She put a rug over the sleeping child.她給睡著的孩子蓋上了毯子。
③橫過，從……上面越過，從一邊到另一邊：
The dog jumped over the fence.狗跳過了籬笆。
He saw a stone bridge over the river.他看到河上有一座石橋。
④遍及，到處：Snow is falling all over the country.全國各地都在下雪。
⑤(表數(shù)量)超過，多于：You have to be over 18 to see this film.超過18歲的人才能看這部電影。
⑥(表時間)在……期間，直到……過后：
He has been ill in bed over the past week.整個星期以來，他一直臥病在床。
⑦(表原因等)因為，關于：Don’t be sad over your bad luck.不要為你的運氣不好難過了。
⑧(表方式)通過：She wouldn’t tell me over the phone.她不愿在電話里告訴我。
adv. ①翻，翻轉：Turn the page over.翻過這一頁。
②遍布：Your clothes are dust all over.你的衣服上全是塵土。
③結束：Winter is over and spring has come.冬去春來。
④完全地，從頭到尾地：I have read it over.我曾讀過一遍。
⑤橫過，過來：I asked her over.我請她過來的。
【拓展】over and over(again)一再地，反復地：
He read the letter over and over again.他反復讀著這封信。
overall adj.總體的，全部的，全面的：
By the time she returned home from England, her overall view of the world had changed completely.
當她從英國回到家時，她對世界的整體看法已經完全改變了。
It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
普遍認為應該根據(jù)學生的綜合素質來評估他們。
adv.總體來說：Overall,?there?were?more?losers?than?gainers.總的來看，輸家比贏家多。
overcoat n.大衣：She very nearly tore my?overcoat.她差點把我的大衣扯破了。
overcome v.①克服，戰(zhàn)勝：
Although we suffer from many serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
盡管我們遭受了很多嚴重自然災害，我們確信我們能克服/戰(zhàn)勝所有的困難。
She tried hard to overcome her fear of flying.她努力克服對飛行的恐懼。
Once?this?difficulty?is?overcome,?other?problems?will?be?easy?to?solve.?
攻下這一關，其他問題就好辦了。
②被(煙、感情等)熏(壓)倒，使受不了：
The?residents?were?trying?to?escape?from?the?fire?but?were?overcome?by?smoke.
居民試圖逃離火場，卻被濃煙熏倒了。
While working outdoors, Tom was overcome by the heat and fell to the ground, unconscious.
在戶外工作時，湯姆受不了酷熱，倒在地上不省人事。
overhead adj.在頭頂上的，架空的：
She turned on the overhead light and looked around the little room.
她打開頭頂上方的燈，環(huán)視了一圈這個小房間。
That?city?has?decided?to do away with?overhead?wires.那個城市決定取消架在空中的電線。
It was reported that the passenger ship was sailing eastwards in the Atlantic Ocean when its captain and some passengers on board caught sight of something supposed to be a UFO flying overhead.
據(jù)報道客輪正在大西洋向東行駛，這是船長和船上的乘客看見應該是UFO的東西在頭頂上飛。(本句中overhead用作副詞)
overlook v.①俯瞰，俯視：The house on the hill overlooks the village.從小山上的房子可以俯視村莊。
②忽略，沒注意，漏看：
Emphasis on quantity of growth overlooked gaps in the quality, leaving many aspects of the social services neglected.強調數(shù)量的增長卻忽視了質量間的差距，使得很多社會服務的方面被忽視了。
You have overlooked several of the mistakes in this work.你忽略了這個工作中的幾個錯誤。
③寬恕，原諒：I will overlook your behavior this time but don’t let it happen again.
這次我原諒你的行為，但不要再這樣了。
overseas adj. (在)海外的，(在)國外的，(向或來自)外國的：
He?has?returned?to?South?Africa?from?his?long?overseas?trip.他結束了漫長的海外旅行回到南非。
Overseas?Chinese?cherish?the?memory?of?their?home?land.僑胞想念祖國。
adv.在(向)海外，在(向)國外：
I?have set?myself?a?time?limit?of?two?years?overseas.我給自己規(guī)定了在國外待兩年的限期。
overweight adj.超重，太肥胖：This parcel is overweight by two kilos.這包裹超重兩公斤。
Believe it or not, it is your being overweight that causes your illness.
不管你信不信，太肥胖導致了你的疾病。
owe v.①欠(錢)：How much do you owe (him)?你欠(他)多少債款？
He owed her $100.=He owed $100 to her.他欠她100 美元。
②應感激：We owe our parents a lot.=We owe a lot to our parents.我們應大大感謝我們的父母。
③應給予：I owe you my best thanks.我非常非常感謝你。
④應歸功于：I owe my life to you.全虧你我才能活下來。
【拓展】owing to由于，因為：
Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name.
由于一種莫名的精神錯亂，他把自己的名字忘了。
The mine was closed owing to exhaustion.這個煤礦因礦源枯竭而被關閉。
Our trading connection has broken off owing to a disagreement over prices.
因為價格問題無法達成共識，我們的貿易關系中止了。
own adj.自己的：The boy and the girl each have their own toys.男孩和女孩都有自己的玩具。
v.擁有，所有：The number of the children who own the iPads is growing all the time.
擁有ipad的兒童數(shù)量一直在增長。
owner n.物主，所有人：Jenny asked me whether I had returned the bike to its owner, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
珍妮問我是否把自行車還給了主人，我承認我還沒有。
ownership n.所有權，所有制：
There are solid reasons for China to claim ownership of the Diaoyu Islands, which lie about 200 miles off the eastern coast of our country.中國有確鑿的理由宣布對離我國東海岸200英里的釣魚島擁有主權。
The?other?was?to?promote?collective?ownership,?that?is,?to?set?up?small?and medium-sized?enterprises.?
還有一條是發(fā)展了集體所有制，也就是發(fā)展了中小企業(yè)。
ox(pl oxen) n.牛，公牛：We?must?lead?an?ox?by?the?halter.牽牛要牽牛鼻子。
He?bought?a?number?of?oxen?last?year.他去年買了幾頭牛。
oxygen n.氧，氧氣：People must breathe oxygen in order to live.人必須呼吸氧氣才能活。