詞匯晨讀18- 江蘇高考英語3500詞匯讀練測-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

說明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(polish—pyramid)
polish v. ①磨光，擦亮：
Linda polished her glasses with a dry soft cloth.琳達(dá)用一塊干凈的軟布擦亮了她的眼鏡。
②潤飾/色，使優(yōu)雅：
It was the first time that Zhang Lin had spoken before hundreds of strangers and he spent several days
polishing his lecture before he stepped onto the platform.這是張林第一次在幾百個陌生人面前講話。在登上舞臺之前，他花費(fèi)了好幾天來潤色他的演講。
【拓展】常考的動詞短語“polish up”的意義見下列例句：
He polished?up?the old copper coins.他把古銅幣擦得锃亮。
I am struggling to polish up my English now. If only I had studied hard in senior one!
我正在努力提高我的英語水平。要是我在高一時努力學(xué)習(xí)就好了！
Our sales techniques need polishing up.我們的銷售技術(shù)需要改進(jìn)。
John?has?the?speech?written?but?he?wants?to?polish?it?up?a?bit?before?he?delivers.
約翰把發(fā)言稿寫好了。但是他想在演講之前把它再潤色一下。
With their reputation ruined, food companies need to polish up their image.
因?yàn)樗麄兊拿暠粴Я耍称饭拘枰纳扑麄兊男蜗蟆?br /> polite adj.有禮貌的：It’s impolite to make others wait for you so long.讓他人等你這么長時間是不禮貌的。
Mike is always gentle and polite. He is a man of culture.
邁克總是彬彬有禮，他是一個有文化修養(yǎng)的人。
【拓展】①impolite adj.不禮貌的，失禮的，不客氣的，粗魯?shù)模?br /> The best way to deal with an impolite person is to ignore him.
對待一個不禮貌的人最好的方法是不理他。
I?was?impolite?and?I?do?beg?your?pardon.我失禮了，真對不起。
It?is?very?impolite?of?you?to?do?so?to?customers.你這樣做對顧客太不客氣了。
She?was?genuinely?angered?at?his?impolite?words.聽到他粗魯?shù)脑?，她真上火了?br /> ②politeness n.禮貌(反義詞：impoliteness)：
She listened to him, but only out of politeness.她只是出于禮貌聽他講。
I apologize to you for my impoliteness.我為我的無禮向你道歉。
political adj.政治的：
Johnson was in prison for 5 years for political reasons when he was young.
約翰遜年輕時因政治原因入獄5年。
The European members are afraid that the new deal will upset the delicate balance of political interests.
歐洲成員們擔(dān)心這個新的交易會打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。
politician n.政治家，政客：
Mrs.?Thatcher?was?a?tough?and?uncompromising?politician.
撒切爾夫人是一位態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬、不輕易妥協(xié)的政治家。
The politician’s speech convinced the others that he was the man for the job.
那位政客的演講使其他人相信他就是該項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。
This?politician?tried?to?cheat?the?people?into?the?belief?that?he?would?work?for?public?welfare.?
這個政客想哄騙人們相信他是會為大眾謀福利的。
politics n.政治：Nobel Prize winner Mo Yan said the prize the Academy had awarded to him was a victory of literature, but not a victory of politics.諾貝爾獎獲得者莫言說，(皇家)學(xué)院授予他的大獎是一次文學(xué)的勝利，而不是政治的勝利。
pollute v.污染：If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously
now.我們要是早采取這么有效的措施，這條河現(xiàn)在就不會被污染的這么嚴(yán)重了。
【拓展】pollution n.污染：
It was not until the entire river was covered with rotten fish which died from acid rain that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.直到整條河里都是因酸雨而死的爛魚，村民們才意識到污染有多嚴(yán)重。
This factory which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.這家造紙廠昨天關(guān)閉了，因?yàn)樗斐闪颂嗟奈廴尽?br /> pond n.池塘：She chose a bench beside the duck?pond?and sat?down.她在鴨塘邊找了條長椅坐下。
pool n.水塘，水池：We?squatted?beside?the?pool?and?watched?the?diver?sink?slowly?down.?
我們蹲在水池旁，看著潛水者慢慢沉下水。
【拓展】I?ran?there?and?saw?him?lying?in?a?pool?of?blood.我跑到那兒，看見他躺在血泊中。
poor adj. ①貧困/窮的：
The organization was founded for the benefit of poor children.
這個組織是為了貧困兒童的利益而建立的。
Poor people can’t buy it.窮人買不起它。
②可憐的：The poor girl, having been scolded for not finishing homework on time, is in low sprits now.
這個可憐的女孩，因?yàn)闆]按時完成作業(yè)而被責(zé)罵，現(xiàn)在情緒低落。
③不好的，差的：The reason why he has resigned is poor health.他離職的原因是身體不好。
【拓展】①與定冠詞連用表示“窮人”，具有復(fù)數(shù)意義：
The?rich?are?for?the?plan,?but?the?poor?are?against?it.?
富人贊成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，但窮人反對這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
The rich ought to help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。
②as?poor?as?a?church?mouse一貧如洗，一文不名：
“Now?I?am?as?poor?as?a?church?mouse,”?he?complained.
“我現(xiàn)在真是一貧如洗啊，”他抱怨說。
Nobody?could?imagine?that?he?was?as?poor?as?a?church?mouse?when?he?first?came?to?Hong?
Kong.?但沒有人會想到，他初到香港時，只是個一文不名的窮小子。
③think poorly of sb./sth..說某人的壞話/對某事評價不好：
They?may?think poorly of(=speak?ill?of?)you?in?your?absence.
當(dāng)你不在場時，他們可能會說你壞話。
Sounding difficult to understand, the lecture was poorly thought of.
這次講座聽起來很難理解，因此評價不好。
pop=popular adj.①大眾化的，大/民眾的，普遍的，流行的：
Young people like popular music.年輕人喜歡流行音樂。
A pop group plays pop music.流行音樂樂隊(duì)演奏流行音樂。
This?restaurant?offers?meals?at?popular?prices.這家飯店供應(yīng)價格大眾化的飯菜。
Contrary to popular belief , women cause fewer road accidents than men.
與普遍的看法相反，婦女交通肇事比男人少。
②受歡迎的，討人喜歡的(表示受某人歡迎或討某人喜歡，其后通常接介詞with, 有時也接 among)：
He is popular among men, though not, perhaps, with ladies.
他很受男士們的歡迎，雖然也許不一定討女士們的喜歡。
He?was?not?only?talented?but?very?popular?with?his?colleagues.?
他不僅才華橫溢，而且深受同事的喜愛。
【拓展】popularity n.歡迎，普及，流行，名氣，名望：
Natural dyes are now returning to popularity with artists and craftspeople.
天然染料現(xiàn)在又重新受到藝術(shù)家和工匠的歡迎。
Golf have gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
高爾夫球已在我國富有的人中流行起來。
Popularity?of?the?network?to?people’s?lives?had?a?tremendous?impact.?
網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及給人們的生活帶來了巨大影響。
The?story?had?an?extensive?popularity?among?American?readers.?
這本小說在美國讀者中贏得廣泛的聲望。
Our?product?enjoys?popularity?throughout?the?world.我們的產(chǎn)品飲譽(yù)全球。
popcorn n.爆米花：— Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? 媽媽，你為什么給我這么多爆米花？
—To kill the boring time.讓你消磨時間。
population n.①人口，某一國家或地區(qū)的所有人：
The population of China is very large and about 80% of the population are peasants.
中國人口(數(shù))非常多，且大約80%的人是農(nóng)民。
According to a UN report, 30 percent of the world’s population have no access to clean drinking water and health care.據(jù)聯(lián)合國報告稱，世界上30%的人口沒有干凈的飲用水和健康保障。
China has a population of more than fourteen hundred million.中國有14億多人口。
②(統(tǒng)稱)某領(lǐng)域的生物/動物：
The wild population of pandas is in danger of dying out.大熊貓的野生種群瀕臨滅絕的危險。
pork n.豬肉：The price of pork has not been kept under control as expected, and what is more surprising is that the price has risen by 15% just in the past few months.豬肉的價格沒有像預(yù)料的那樣受到控制，在過去的幾個月里豬肉的價格出人意料第上漲了百分之15。
porridge n.稀飯，粥：The?porridge?is?too?thick.粥熬得太糨了。
I?ate?a?big?bowl?of?porridge.我喝了一大碗稀飯。
port n.港口，碼頭：The?new?port?has?been?opened?to?foreign?ships.新建的港口已向外輪開放。
portable adj.易于攜帶的，輕便的：
You like the portable personal computer so much. Why not buy one?
你很喜歡便攜式個人電腦。為什么不買一個?。?br /> The?portable?device?easily?knocks?down.這種輕便裝置容易拆卸.
porter n.(火車站或旅館等處的)搬運(yùn)工：
I?struggled?with?my?bags,?desperately?looking?for?a?porter.我提著行李艱難地走著，迫切地尋找著搬運(yùn)工。
position n.①方位，位置：From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitor can have a better view of the city.
從電視塔頂部的位置，游客可以更好地看到城市的景色。
②姿勢，姿態(tài)：Are you sitting in a comfortable position?你坐的姿勢舒服嗎？
③處境，情勢：He was in a very difficult position.他處境十分困難。
④職業(yè)，職務(wù)：Julia, having hunted for months after job as an air waitress, finally took a position in a local tour agency.朱莉婭在做了幾個月的空姐后，終于在當(dāng)?shù)匾患衣眯猩缯业搅艘环莨ぷ鳌?br /> ⑤地位：The company wants to maintain its leading position in business.
公司想要維持它在商業(yè)上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。
Money,?fame?and?social?position?have?no?interest?for?him.
他對金錢，名譽(yù)和社會地位都不動心。
【拓展】①in position在應(yīng)在的位置，在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫?br /> Is everyone in position?大家都各就各位了嗎？
②out of position位置沒放好，不得其所：
One of the chairs is out of position. Put it back in position.
有一把椅子沒放好位置，把它放回原處。
③position作先行詞表示抽象的地點(diǎn)時，用關(guān)系副詞where：
Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
導(dǎo)購員是一個溝通能力和銷售技能同樣重要的職位。
positive adj.①確定的，肯定的，積極的，主動的：
Are you positive that you saw him?你有把握斷言你見過他嗎？
The?agreement?should?have?very?positive?results?in?the?long?term.?
從長遠(yuǎn)來看，這個協(xié)議將會產(chǎn)生非常積極的影響。
In addition to its health benefits, dancing is a fun way to release positive energy and make society more pleasant.除了對健康有益之外，跳舞也是釋放正能量、讓社會更愉快的有趣方式。
②明確的，清楚的：There is no positive evidence that he is guilty.沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明他有罪。
③有效的，有幫助的：
The teacher tried to make positive suggestions.那位老師嘗試提出一些有建設(shè)性的建議。
possess v.有，占有，擁有：
Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大約3500年前，人們咀嚼含有一種特殊化學(xué)物質(zhì)的樹葉來減輕身體疼痛和發(fā)燒。
They lost everything they possessed in the fire.他們在火災(zāi)中失去了所有財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Can the modern architecture?be?possessed?of?regional?features?現(xiàn)代建筑有地域特色嗎？
possession n.①所有，擁有：Does the possession of wealth bring happiness?擁有財(cái)富就可以帶來幸福嗎？
②(常用復(fù))財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物：
He is making the last desperate attempt and is risking losing all his possessions if he fails.
他孤注一擲，如果失敗了，他將冒著失去所有財(cái)產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險。
【拓展】注意冠詞的有無及含義的差異：
in possession of (某人)擁有 have possession of(某人)擁有
take possession of(某人)擁有，具有，占有，占領(lǐng)：
in the possession of sb.為某人擁有(=in sb.’s possession)
come into possession of sth. (某人)獲得某物
come into the possession of sb.被某人所獲得(=come into sb.’s possession)
China has?been in?possession?of the?island?for?time?immemorial.?
中國自古以來就擁有該島嶼。
—Does the young man standing there have possession of the company.
—No, the company is in the possession of his father.
“站在那里的那個年輕人擁有這家公司嗎？”“不，這家公司為他父親所擁有?！?br /> We?can’t?take?possession?of?the?house?until?all?the?papers?have?been?signed.?
所有的文件都簽字以后，我們才能擁有這房子。
He?had?come?into?possession?of?a?large?fortune.他得了一筆很大的財(cái)產(chǎn)。
How?had?this?compromising?picture?come?into?the?possession?of?the?press?
這張令人難堪的照片是怎么落到新聞媒體手中的？
possibility n.可能，可能性，可能發(fā)生的事：
Is there any possibility that scientists will find a planet like our earth in the near future?
科學(xué)家們有沒有可能在不久的將來發(fā)現(xiàn)一顆類似地球的行星呢？
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.如果突然有很大的響聲，這些動物就真的有可能會受到驚嚇。
What is the possibility of having a sunny weekend?周末天晴的可能性有多大？
Let’s consider the possibilities.讓我們來討論一下可能發(fā)生的事。
possible adj.可能的：The official made it clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.
該官員明確表示，他將盡其所能解決問題。
I’ll help you if (it is) possible.如果可能我會幫助你。
Please come as soon as possible.請盡快來。
Having got a new product，the manager is always launching an advertising campaign to attract as many buyers as possible.有了新產(chǎn)品后，經(jīng)理總是發(fā)起廣告活動來吸引盡可能多的顧客。
【拓展】①按英語習(xí)慣，可說It is possible that we will win the match或It is possible for us to win
the match(我們可能會贏得這場比賽)或We are likely to win the match.
但不可以說We are possible to win the match。
②impossible adj.不可能的，做不到的：
People felt it impossible for man to fly into outer space some years ago.
幾年前，人們覺得人類不可能飛入外層空間。
What “wandering Earth” wants to share with viewers is the faith in man’s strong will power to make the impossible possible.“流浪的地球”想與觀眾分享的是人類強(qiáng)大意志力量的信念使不可能的事情成為可能。
post1 n.①郵政，郵寄：Are you going to the post office?你到郵局去嗎？
②郵件：We had a lot of post today.=We had a large post today.我們今天收到很多郵件。
post2 v.①投寄，郵寄：Don’t forget to post the letter for me when you pass by the post office.
你路過郵局時別忘了替我把這封信寄了。
②張貼：She?has?posted?photographs?on?bulletin?boards.?她已把照片貼在了公告牌上。
The singer’s music video has been viewed nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago.自從四個星期前發(fā)送到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上之后，這名歌手的音樂錄像就有9百萬的點(diǎn)擊觀看量。
③設(shè)崗：We?have?guards?posted?near?the?windows.我們已在窗戶附近設(shè)了崗哨。
n.工作，職位：Have you applied to Mr. Black forthe post? It’s worth a try.
你向布萊克先生申請這個職位了么？值得一試。
【拓展】keep sb. posted on/about sth.向某人定期通報某事，向某人及時報告某事進(jìn)展：
Please keep me posted about the stock price.請隨時讓我知道最新的股票價格。
We will keep you posted on the outcome.如有進(jìn)一步消息，我們會即時送上。
postage n.郵費(fèi)：The box contains ten bottles, and the price includes postage charges.
這個箱子里有10個瓶子，這個價格包含郵費(fèi)。
postcard n.明信片，卡片：
A postcard from his father set off an attack of home-sickness in him.
他父親給他寄的一張明信片勾起了他的思鄉(xiāng)之情。
We ought to have received the postcards yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.
我們本應(yīng)該昨天就收到賀卡的，但是賀卡還沒有到。
postcode n.郵政編碼：Could you tell me the postcode for London?你能告訴我倫敦的郵編嗎？
Mark the frame with your?postcode.在這一格里寫上你的郵政編碼。
poster n.(貼在公共場所的大型)招貼，廣告(畫)，海報：
The?mirror?is?level?with?the?poster?on?the?wall.鏡子與墻壁上的招貼畫處于同一高度。
The poster was revised based on the suggestions of other group members.
這則海報是根據(jù)其他組成員的意見修訂的。
postman(pl postmen)n.郵遞員，郵差：
Her?letter?should?have?arrived?today,?but?it?has?been?held?up?by?the?postmen’s?strike.?
她的信本該今天到的，但是由于郵遞員罷工而耽擱了。
postpone v.推遲，延期：
He postponed his holiday so as to meet the deadline for his work.
未按時完成他的工作他推遲了他的假期。
He decided to postpone buying the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
他決定推遲購房，因?yàn)閶寢屔×?，需要花他很多錢。
The ball game was postponed because of rain.球賽因雨延期。
pot n.鍋，壺，瓶，罐：Pass?up?the?paint?pot?and?brush.把油漆罐和刷子遞上來。
potato n.土豆，馬鈴薯：They live on potatoes.他們以土豆為主食。
potential adj.可能的，潛在的：Every seed is a potential plant.每粒種子都可能長成植物。
While the sales figure of the new range of products is relatively small, the potential market is large.
盡管新系列產(chǎn)品的銷售數(shù)字相對較小，但潛在市場很大。
n.潛力，潛能：Efforts will be made to innovate new teaching models to exploit students’ potential.
將努力創(chuàng)新教學(xué)模式以便能開發(fā)學(xué)生的潛力。
pound n.①磅：Tea is sold by the pound.茶葉按磅出售。
②英鎊：The picture is worth at least twenty pounds.這幅畫最少值20英鎊。
【拓展】參看penny詞條中的俗語：
Penny wise and pound foolish.小事聰明大事糊涂/因小失大/撿了芝麻丟了西瓜。
A penny saved is a penny gained.省一文是一文。
pour v.①倒，斟：Shall I pour you some water?要不要我給你倒點(diǎn)水？
②傾瀉，不斷流出：The?bright?moon?was?pouring?down?the?soft?rays.明月瀉下柔和的光線。
Sweat poured down from her face.汗珠不斷從她臉上流下。
③(雨)傾盆而下，下傾盆大雨:It’s absolutely pouring down.大雨真是傾盆而下。
【拓展】①pour動詞短語的意義請看下列例句：
The crowd suddenly poured into the store.人群突然涌進(jìn)了商店。
The government poured a large sum of money into the project.
政府把大筆資金投入了這項(xiàng)工程。
More and more waste and poison are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
越來越多的廢物和毒物傾瀉到水、土和空氣中去。
The moonlight?poured?in through the windows.月光透過窗戶瀉入室內(nèi)。
Our unusual showing caught the attention of the public, and orders for the clothes poured in.
我們不尋常的展示引起了公眾的注意，訂購衣服的訂單源源不斷。
Pour?out the water left in the bucket.把桶里的剩水倒出來。
The rain poured down, so he abandoned the idea of jogging outside.
雨傾盆而下，所以他放棄到外面慢跑的想法。
The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain, burying several villages.
火山爆發(fā)，熔巖從山上傾瀉而下，掩埋了幾個村莊。
②諺語It never rains but pours.不鳴則已一鳴驚人/禍不單行/屋漏偏逢連夜雨。
Pour oil on the flame.火上澆油。
poverty n.貧窮，貧瘠，缺乏，不足：
Forty years after China started its reform and opening-up, more than 18million rural residents have shaken off poverty in South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.改革開放40年來，廣西壯族自治區(qū)有1800多萬農(nóng)村人口脫貧。
His?work?was?criticized?for?its?poverty?of?imagination.他的作品因缺乏想像力而受到批評。
【拓展】①a poverty of=a lack of短缺，貧乏：
There is a poverty of color in her work.她的作品缺乏色彩。
②out of poverty脫離貧困：
No country in history has ever lifted so many people out of poverty so rapidly.
歷史上沒有任何一個國家如此迅速地使那么多人擺脫貧困。
Last year alone, the temporary unemployment insurance lifted 2.5 million people out of poverty, and cushioned the blow for many more.就去年一年，暫時失業(yè)保險使二百五十萬人脫離貧困，也緩和了失業(yè)對很多人的沖擊。
powder n.粉，粉末：The corn powder with two other things is mixed with water to make all kinds of food.
玉米粉和另外兩種東西用水混合在一起做成各種各樣的食物。
Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the body’s natural defence.我們的奶粉特別適合6歲以下的兒童。因?yàn)樗茉鰪?qiáng)身體的抵御能力。
power n. ①力，能力：
Carrying the box requires a lot of power.搬這個箱子很需要力氣。
Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power to do so.
并不是我不想幫忙，而是我能力有限。
The power of silence is much greater compared with that of instant attack.
與即時攻擊的力量相比，沉默的力量要大得多。
②(常用復(fù))體力，智力：His powers are failing.他的體力在衰退。
③權(quán)力，勢力：
The police chief stood trial in New York on Tuesday, charged with abuse of power.
周二，該警察局長在紐約受審，被指控濫用職權(quán)。
④能，動力，電力：
Nuclear power is cleaner than coal.核能比煤清潔。
You?can’t?make?a?machine?work?without?power?supply.沒有動力，機(jī)器就不能轉(zhuǎn)動。
—Why didn’t you call me?你為什么不給我打電話？
—Oh, my cell-phone ran out of power, otherwise I would have called you.
哦，我的手機(jī)沒電了，否則我會給你打電話的。
【拓展】①表示做某事的能力時，其后通常接不定式：
Some animals have the power to see in the dark.有些動物具有在黑暗中看見東西的本領(lǐng)。
②come into/to power掌握政權(quán)，得勢，上臺執(zhí)政(短暫性動詞短語)：
The present government came into power last year.現(xiàn)政府是去年上臺的。
③in power執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán)：
The Labour Party has been in power for three years.工黨已經(jīng)在執(zhí)政三年了。
powerful adj.效力大的，強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)大的：
Television is more than an electronic equipment; it has become a powerful tool for communication.
電視不僅僅是一種電子設(shè)備；它已成為強(qiáng)大的交流工具。
practical adj.①實(shí)際的，實(shí)踐的：
Nowadays people become more practical and buy only what they need.
當(dāng)今人們變得越來越實(shí)際，只購買需要的東西。
②實(shí)用的，可行的：
Smith?kept?thinking?hard?but?failed?to?come?up?with?a?practical?plan.
史密斯先生一直在苦苦思索，但還是制定不出一個切實(shí)可行的計(jì)劃來。
③事實(shí)上的，實(shí)質(zhì)上的：He is the practical owner of the company.他是公司真正的老板。
practice n.①實(shí)行，實(shí)踐：
To ensure a correct understanding of the new regulations, we need to clarify some ambiguous points of view and put the system into practice.為了確保對新法規(guī)的正確理解，我們需要澄清一些模棱兩可的觀點(diǎn)，并將該制度付諸實(shí)踐。
②實(shí)習(xí)，練習(xí)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：It took a lot of practice to play the piano well.彈好鋼琴需要大量的練習(xí)。
③慣例，常規(guī)：
In many countries, it is a common practice to offer guests tea or coffee.
在許多國家，給客人上茶或咖啡是常見的慣例。
While his approach was a complete departure from established practices, the result was satisfactory.
雖然他的做法完全背離了常規(guī)，但結(jié)果令人滿意。
④業(yè)務(wù)：I?eventually?realized?I?had?to?change?my?attitude?toward?medical?practice.
我終于認(rèn)識到自己不得不改變對醫(yī)務(wù)工作的看法。
【拓展】①out?of?practice荒疏，疏于練習(xí)，久不練習(xí)，行不通：
She?was?out?of?practice?at?singing.她對唱歌荒疏了。
“How’s?your?German?” “Not?bad,?but?I’m?out?of?practice. ”?
“你的德語如何？”“還行，只是疏于練習(xí)了?！?br /> Modern furniture would be out of practice in a Victorian house.
現(xiàn)代家具在維多利亞時代的房子里是行不通的。
②Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
③in practice事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上：
This is certainly a theoretical risk but?in?practice?there is seldom a?problem
從理論上講，這肯定是有風(fēng)險的，可是實(shí)際上很少出問題。
practise(Am practice) v.
①實(shí)踐，實(shí)行，實(shí)施，慣做，常做：
The chemical plant proposed to increase production and?practise?economy?and other factories presently?
responded.化工廠提出增產(chǎn)厲行節(jié)約的倡儀，其他工廠隨即響應(yīng)。
He advised us to practice getting up early.他勸我們早起。
②實(shí)習(xí)，練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練：
Practice reading every day, and you’ll develop a good language sense.
每天練習(xí)閱讀，你會培養(yǎng)良好的語感。
【拓展】practised adj.熟練的，老道的，老練的，內(nèi)行的：
He is?practiced?in the art of design while his wife is?a?practiced?lecturer.
他精于設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)而他的妻子是個老練的演說者。
It took s practiced eye to spot the difference.只有內(nèi)行才能看出其中的差異。
praise n.贊美，贊揚(yáng)：She was full of praise for your work.她對你的工作贊不絕口。
Everybody spoke?in?praise?of?her devotion to the cause of?education.
大家異口同聲地稱贊她獻(xiàn)身教育事業(yè)的精神。
His?heroism?was?beyond?all?praise.他的英勇行為使人贊美不盡/夸不勝夸。
v.贊揚(yáng)，表揚(yáng)：Those who worked whole-heartedly without carelessness should be praised.
那些全心全意工作而不粗心的人應(yīng)該受到表揚(yáng)。
He praised (you for) your hard work.他表揚(yáng)你工作努力。
pray v.祈禱，祈求：He prays every night for the safety of his family.他每晚禱告，祈求家人平安。
He was kneeling down and praying.他正在跪著祈禱。
prayer n.祈禱：He knelt down in prayer.他跪下祈禱。
precious adj.寶貴的，珍貴的：
You should make good use of every precious minute to study.
你應(yīng)該好好利用寶貴的每一分鐘去學(xué)習(xí)。
Gold is a precious metal.黃金是貴重金屬。
precise adj.①精確的，確切的：Try to be precise in your measures.測量結(jié)果請盡量精確。
②嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?，?yán)格的，謹(jǐn)慎的：He is very precise.他是個十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)娜恕?br /> predict v.預(yù)測/料/計(jì)/言：
Even though we live in a high-tech age, it’s still impossible to predict the weather accurately.
即使我們生活在一個高科技時代，準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測天氣仍然是不可能的。
Whether?this?will?be?successful?or?not?is?still?difficult?to?predict.成敗尚難預(yù)料。
Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population is predicted to be over 200 million by 2020.由于中國城市化的速度不斷提高，到2020年，中國的流動人口預(yù)計(jì)將超過2億。
【拓展】①prediction n.預(yù)言，預(yù)測，預(yù)報：
In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony, movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors will be awarded.在奧斯卡金獎頒獎前的幾周，電影評論家預(yù)測哪部電影和哪位演員將會獲獎。
He was unwilling to make a?prediction?about which books would sell in the coming?year.
他不愿意預(yù)測來年哪些書會有銷路。
②predictable adj.可預(yù)見的，可預(yù)言的，可預(yù)報的，可預(yù)料的：
Senior?citizens?long?for?a?more?predictable?and?secure?future.?
老年人渴望有一個更穩(wěn)定、更可預(yù)見的未來。
③unpredictable adj.不可預(yù)測的，無法預(yù)言的：
Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.
人生是不可預(yù)測的；甚至最窮的也可能變得最有錢。
The result is entirely unpredictable.結(jié)果是完全無法預(yù)料的。
④predictability可預(yù)報性，可預(yù)測性，可預(yù)計(jì)性，可預(yù)言(反義詞unpredictability)：
These?reforms,?we?believe,?would?not?only?benefit?both?our?countries,?but?contribute?to?global?
economic?balance,?predictability,?and?broader?prosperity.我們認(rèn)為，這些改革措施將不僅惠
及我們兩國，還將促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡、可預(yù)測性和更普遍的繁榮。
Risk?is?unpredictabilityand?the?tendency?that?actual?results?may?differ?from?predicted
?results.風(fēng)險是一種無法預(yù)測的，其趨勢是，實(shí)際后果可能不同于所預(yù)測的后果。
prefer v.寧愿(選擇)，更喜歡：
I prefer to take the next train.我寧愿坐下一班火車。
More and more people prefer to live in the countryside, whose appeal for them lies in the quiet and slow-paced life.越來越多的人喜歡住在農(nóng)村，農(nóng)村對人們的吸引力在于安靜和慢節(jié)奏的生活。
【拓展】①其過去式、過去分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞要雙寫字母r再加-ed或-ing。
②后接動詞時，用不定式或動名詞均可，但若它連用了would或should，則只能后接不定式：I would prefer to stay home.我寧愿呆在家里。
③要表示“寧愿……而不愿……”、“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，有兩類句型可選用：若待比較的是兩個名詞或動名詞，則用prefer…to…；若待比較的是兩個不定式，則用prefer…rather than…：
I prefer the town to the country.我喜歡城市而不喜歡鄉(xiāng)下。
Rather than stay at home, she preferred to go with us.她寧愿和我們一起去也不愿待在家里。
I’d prefer playing outdoors to watching television.我寧愿在外面玩而不愿看電視。
I prefer writing letters to talking on the phone.和打電話相比，我更喜歡寫信。
④在現(xiàn)代英語中，通常只用作及物動詞，所以當(dāng)后面接if或when狀語從句時，應(yīng)借助代詞it：I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
⑤preference n.偏愛(的事物)，喜愛(的事物)，優(yōu)侍：
Depending on your preferences, you can create a new program and use it in place of the old one.根據(jù)你的喜好, 你可以創(chuàng)建一個新的程序來代替舊的。
As a preschool teacher, she tried not to show preference in her treatment of the children in her care.作為一名幼兒園教師，她在對待自己照顧的孩子時盡量不表現(xiàn)出偏愛。
I?have?a?preference?for?serious?novels?to?popular?fictions.?
我喜歡讀嚴(yán)肅小說勝于通俗小說。
I’d?choose?the?small?car?in?preference?to?the?larger?one.?
我寧可選擇那輛小的汽車而不要那輛大的。
prejudice n.①偏見，成見：A judge must be free from prejudice.法官不應(yīng)存有偏見。
②(法律)損害，侵害：
I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter.我在此事上不會傷害我的朋友。
I?want?to make it?clear?that?I?have no prejudice?against you.我要表明清楚我對你沒有偏見。
premier n.總理，首相：Premier of the State Council國務(wù)院總理
Premier Li Keqiang urges that we should all seek to live in harmony in a world of multi-civilizations.
總理李克強(qiáng)呼吁我們應(yīng)該在一個多元文明的世界里努力和諧地生活在一起。
Japanese Vice-Premier Sumochizi called on Friday for an all-out effort to develop a friendly relationship with neighboring Asian countries.日本副首相在周五要求全力以赴與亞洲的鄰居形成友好的關(guān)系。
【拓展】adj.首要的：
His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.
他的病理研究工作對全世界至關(guān)重要。
prepare v.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備：
Mother is preparing us a meal.=Mother is preparing a meal for us.母親在給我們準(zhǔn)備飯菜。
Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set out to prepare your business plan.
有了這些你收集的信息，你就可以著手準(zhǔn)備你的商業(yè)計(jì)劃了。
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.存最好的希望，作最壞的準(zhǔn)備。
We must be prepared against war.我們必須備戰(zhàn)。
We were not prepared for the heavy rain.我們沒有提防要下這么大一場雨。
I’m prepared to accept it.我準(zhǔn)備接受它。
【注意】①prepare與prepare for：
　　 ▲當(dāng)prepare后面直接加名詞的時候，它表示“準(zhǔn)備，裝備，起草”。
I’m preparing a test.我在準(zhǔn)備一個考試。(正在準(zhǔn)備試卷)
　　 ▲prepare for為……做準(zhǔn)備：
Every minute should be made use of to prepare for the upcoming examinations.
每一分鐘都應(yīng)該利用起來，為即將到來的考試作準(zhǔn)備。
②preparation n.準(zhǔn)備：
▲make preparations for sth./to do sth.為做某事作準(zhǔn)備：
They had made full preparations but somehow, the plan worked out badly.
他們已經(jīng)做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，但不知怎的，計(jì)劃進(jìn)展得很糟糕。
▲in preparation for作……的準(zhǔn)備，為……作準(zhǔn)備：
They have sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
他們賣掉了房子和汽車準(zhǔn)備出國。
present1 adj.①出席的，在場的：I was present when accident happened.事故發(fā)生時我在場。
②現(xiàn)在的，目前的：What is your present job?你現(xiàn)在的工作是什么？
Since the present situation is very complex, I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.
由于目前形式比較復(fù)雜，我認(rèn)為要花費(fèi)一些時間來弄清楚它的事實(shí)。
v.①贈予，頒予：They presented flowers to their teacher.他們獻(xiàn)花給老師。
A total of 19 Golden Rooster Awards presented, The Wandering Earth took home the award the Best Picture.在所頒發(fā)的19個金雞獎中，《流浪地球》獲得了最佳影片獎。
②呈遞，提出：The baker presented his bill.面包師呈上他的賬單。
I really appreciate being given the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting.
我非常感謝有機(jī)會在會議上提出我對AI的看法。
present2 n.①禮物，贈品：The tie is a present from my sister.這條領(lǐng)帶是我妹妹送的禮物。
②現(xiàn)在：At present, he is on holiday.目前，他正在度假。
I don’t need the dictionary?at?present.我現(xiàn)在不需要這本字典。
I don’t want to say anything for the present.我暫時不打算說什么。
presentation n.(該詞的意義比較多，常見的有)提交，演出，陳述，報告，頒獎儀式，展示/介紹/發(fā)布會：
The?presentation?of?the?material?was?untidy.所提交的資料缺乏條理。
Last?week?we?went?to?the?presentation?of?a?new?play.上星期我們?nèi)ビ^看了一場新劇的演出。
I was asked to give a short presentation on the aims of the plan.
他們要求我就這計(jì)劃的目的作一個簡短的陳述。
I?always?ask?how?much?time?I?have?to?make?my?presentation.我總是問我的報告需要做多長時間。
The?presentation?will?be?held?in?Beijing.本周六頒獎儀式將在北京舉行。
—John, you are asked to give a presentation of our product at tomorrow’s conference.
—Don’t put me on the spot. I am not good at public speech, you know.
“約翰，明天的會議上請你給我們介紹一下我們的產(chǎn)品?！?br /> “不要讓我為難，你知道我不善于公開演講。”
Admission?is?free?on?presentation?of?this?card.出示該卡可免費(fèi)入場。
preserve v.①保護(hù)，防護(hù)，維護(hù)，保持，維持：
To preserve its construction, the Potala Palace is accessible to a limited number of tourists every day.
為了保護(hù)其建筑，布達(dá)拉宮每天只能接待有限數(shù)量的游客。
Efforts to preserve peace have failed.維持和平的努力已告失敗。
②保存，保藏，防腐：Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于保存食物。
【拓展】①preservation n.維護(hù)，保護(hù)，保存，保留，維持，保持：
The aim of the policy is the?preservation?of peace.這一政策旨在維護(hù)和平。
The poor condition of the Acropolis set the Greek government taking into consideration the preservation of it.雅典衛(wèi)城很差的現(xiàn)狀使希臘政府考慮對它進(jìn)行保護(hù)。
②preserver n.保護(hù)者，救助者；保護(hù)物，防護(hù)用具：
Her?preserver?was?everywhere?sought?for,?but?he?did?not?appear.?
大家到處找她的救命恩人，但那個人卻不見面了。
He threw?the?life?preserver?to?the?struggling?swimmer.
他把救生圈拋給了正在掙扎的游泳者。
president n.①總統(tǒng)，主席：
it was in December, 2018 that President Xi and President Trump met in Argentina.
習(xí)近平主席和特朗普總統(tǒng)是在2018年12月份在阿根廷會面的。
②大學(xué)校長，學(xué)院院長：We?elected?her?president?of?the?university.?我們選她為這所大學(xué)的校長。
③會長，社長：a?former?president?of the Royal Society?皇家學(xué)會的前會長
④總裁，董事長，(銀行)行長：
Research?and?marketing?operations?will?be?Mr.?Furlaud’s?job?as?president?of?the?new?company.?
作為新公司的總裁，弗勞德先生將負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)研和市場運(yùn)作。
She’s a?friend?of the?president?of?the?bank.?她是銀行行長的朋友。
press1 v.①壓，按：Press the red switch on the left and the flying machine will swiftly go up into the air and begin its journey.按左邊的那個紅色的按鈕，這個飛行器就會飛上天空開始了它的旅途。
②擠：He pressed his way through the crowd.他擠過人群。
③熨，熨平：I’ve pressed your trousers with the iron.我用熨斗熨了你的褲子。
④緊迫：Time presses.時間緊迫。
press2 n.①(常用單)壓，推，壓擠：He gave the switch a press.他按了一下開關(guān)。
②(連用the)新聞界，報界：The?freedom?of?the?press?must?be?protected.新聞報道的自由應(yīng)該得到保障。
③出版社，印刷廠，印刷機(jī)：
The?university?press,?which?forms?and?grows?with?China’s?education,?is?part?and?parcel?of?China’s?press?
industry.?大學(xué)出版社是我國出版事業(yè)的重要組成部分，是隨著我國教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展起來的。
pressure n.壓迫，壓力：
Did your father put pressure on you?你父親給你施加壓力了嗎？
Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. As long as you keep trying, you will achieve your goals in the future.別給自己太大壓力，只要你一直努力，未來就能達(dá)到你的目標(biāo)。
The pressure of the wind forced the door open.風(fēng)力強(qiáng)行把門推開。
Some people work well under pressure while others get nervous and do badly.
有些人在壓力下也能很好地工作，而其他人會變得緊張并且做得很糟糕。
Out of debt, out of pressure.無債一身輕。
Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
吃太多的脂肪會導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。
pretend v.①假裝，裝作：
The boy pretended to have fallen asleep when his father came back.
他的父親回來時，這個男孩假裝睡著了。
When the boss came in, the workers pretended to be working hard on their machines.
老板進(jìn)來時，工人們假裝在機(jī)器上努力工作。
②(孩子在游戲中)假扮：Let’s pretend we’re cats.讓我們假扮成貓。
③偽稱，佯稱：
Republicans?pretend?the U. S.?is?on the?brink?of?losing?the?world’s?trust,?but?they?don’t?really believe that.?共和黨佯稱美國已經(jīng)瀕臨失去世界信任的邊緣，但他們自己實(shí)際上并不相信。
④自稱，自命：The?men?pretend?to?control?the?larger?decisions.男人們自稱掌管大事的決策權(quán)。
pretty adj.漂亮的，俊俏的：
What’s the pretty small house that is being built for?正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是做什么用的？
adv.相當(dāng)，頗：This raw chocolate tastes pretty delicious due to generous amount of melted pure fresh cream.
由于大量融化的純新鮮奶油，這種生巧克力嘗起來相當(dāng)美味。
prevent v.妨礙，阻礙，防止，阻止，預(yù)防：
We should do everything we can to prevent such a silly mistake occurring again in the future.
我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能來防止這種愚蠢的錯誤在將來再次發(fā)生。
Nothing will prevent my marrying her.我要娶她為妻，什么也阻止不了。
Cleanliness helps prevent disease.清潔有助于預(yù)防疾病。
【拓展】①要表示阻止某人做某事，習(xí)慣上說prevent sb.(from)doing sth.或prevent sb.’s doing sth.：
The rain prevented him (from)coming.=The rain prevented his coming.大雨使他不能來。
注意：用于被動語態(tài)時from不可以省略：
Industrial?waste?must?be?prevented?from?polluting?our?rivers.
必須阻止工業(yè)廢料污染我們的江河。
②prevention n.阻止，預(yù)防：
H1N1 control and prevention is a challenge to China as well as the whole world.
H1N1的預(yù)防與控制對中國以及整個世界來說都是一種挑戰(zhàn)。
③preventable adj.可以預(yù)防的，可以防止的，可以阻止的：
Smoking?is?the?biggest?preventable?cause?of?death?and?disease?
在可以預(yù)防的引發(fā)死亡和疾病的因素當(dāng)中，吸煙排在第一位。
preview v.預(yù)習(xí)，試/預(yù)演，預(yù)展，預(yù)覽：
To catch up with others, we’d better preview the schoolwork in advance and work very hard.
為了趕上別人，我們最好提前預(yù)習(xí)功課，努力學(xué)習(xí)。
This?allows?them?to?share?and?preview?product?features,?functions,?and?benefits.?
這使他們能夠分享和預(yù)覽產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)，功能和效益。
In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app, students can preview a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.在VR應(yīng)用創(chuàng)造的虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境下，學(xué)生們可以在真正實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)之前預(yù)演一個特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
【拓展】n.預(yù)習(xí)，試映，預(yù)展：
He?had?gone?to?see?the?preview?of?a?play.?他去看一場戲劇的預(yù)演了。
We?saw?a?preview?of?the?new?movie.?我們看了一部新電影的試映。
previous adj.以前的，先前的：
Do you have previous experience of this type of work?你以前有過這方面的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？
Her previous experience makes her have a big advantage over the other applicants
她先前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她比其他申請者有很大優(yōu)勢。
I had collected material previous to writing.我在寫作以前先搜集了材料。
price n.價格，價錢，代價：
Prices are rising.物價在上漲。
That stamp was sold at the price of $4,000.那張郵票以4000美元的價格售出。
Slovenia will have to pay a high price for independence.斯洛文尼亞將為獨(dú)立付出巨大的代價。
【拓展】①表示價格的高低用high和low，一般不用dear, expensive, cheap等。
②詢問價錢，可用how much或what，但句型不同：
這件外套什么價？
How much is the coat?=What is the price of the coat?=What/How much does the coat cost?
但是不可以說How much is the price of the coat?
③priceless無價的(指非常值錢)，不值錢用“worthless”：
There is priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall.展廳里陳列著無價之寶。
Since the end of the war, many of the priceless antiques have been returned to their rightful owners.自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來，許多無價的古董已歸還失主。
The necklace the woman bought is worthless, because it is made of glass.
這個女人買的項(xiàng)鏈不值錢，因?yàn)樗遣Ａё龅摹?br /> pride n.自豪，驕傲，得意，自尊心，自尊，尊嚴(yán)：
President Xi appeared in Zhongshan suit in Dutch, which displayed the leader’s national pride and confidence.習(xí)主席身著中山裝出現(xiàn)在荷蘭，彰顯了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的民族自豪感和信心。
Pride will have a fall.=Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?br /> Her?husband’s?pride?was?a?small?thing?to?sacrifice?for?their?children’s?security.
為了孩子們的安全，舍棄她丈夫的尊嚴(yán)不算什么。
【拓展】v.(僅用于pride oneself)自豪，驕傲：She prides herself on her cooking.她以會做菜而自豪。
primary adj.①初等的，初級的：
Britain?did?not?introduce?compulsory?primary?education?until?1880.?
直到1880年，英國才開始實(shí)行初等義務(wù)教育。
Ninety-nine?per?cent?of?primary?pupils?now?have?hands-on?experience?of?computers.?
現(xiàn)在99%的小學(xué)生都親手操作過電腦。
China will push for AI courses to be offered at primary and secondary schools to let children keep pace with the times.中國將推動中小學(xué)開設(shè)人工智能課程，讓孩子們與時俱進(jìn)。
②主要的，首要的：
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC .
到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。
PE?teaching?reform?in?middle?schools?at?present?is?a?matter?of?primary?importance.
搞好中學(xué)體育教學(xué)改革是當(dāng)前的頭等大事。
③最初的，原始的，第一級的：
The?massive?primary?data?value?is?possibly?hiding?some?unknown?message,?and may?provides?more
?help?to?people.?大量原始數(shù)據(jù)的價值在于其中可能隱藏著一些未知的知識，可以給人們提供更多的幫助。
primitive adj. ①原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的：
A myth is an account of the deeds of a god or supernatural beings, usually expressed in terms of primitive thought.神話是對神或超自然生物的行為的描述，通常是用原始的想法表達(dá)。
②簡單的，簡陋的：
The washing facilities in the camp were very primitive.營地的洗滌設(shè)施十分簡陋。
principle n.①原則：In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock
風(fēng)尚的事情，隨波逐流；原則問題，堅(jiān)如磐石。
②(用單數(shù))原理：
These two medical instruments work on the same principle.這兩種醫(yī)療儀器的工作原理是一樣的。
③(用復(fù)數(shù))一般原理：This course teaches the principles of cooking.這課程講授烹調(diào)的一般原理。
④(常用復(fù))規(guī)范，準(zhǔn)則：We live according to our principles.我們按自己的準(zhǔn)則行事。
【拓展】①in principle原則上，大致上，通常：
We?agree?in?principle?but?we?dislike?your?methods.
我們原則上同意，但我們不喜歡你使用的方法。
②on principle按照原則(或道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn))：
He?will?vote?against?it?on?principle.他會根據(jù)原則投反對票。
print v.①印刷：The board thought it urgent that these files be printed right away.
董事會認(rèn)為立即把這些文件打印出來是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
②刊載，發(fā)表：
He showed us a magazine in which an article about him was printed along with his photograph.
他給我們看了一本雜志，上面刊登了一篇關(guān)于他的文章，還附有他的照片。
n.印刷字體，版畫，印刷，指紋：
The print is too small for me to read without glasses.印刷字體太小，我不帶眼鏡就看不清。
The printmaking would lose direction if print artists have no skill interests in creation.
版畫家脫離技術(shù)趣味進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作時，版畫創(chuàng)作就沒有了方向感。
The book is now out of print, but it can easily be borrowed from libraries.
這本書現(xiàn)已絕版，但很容易從圖書館借到。
The thief had left his prints on the handle.小偷在把手上留下了指紋。
【拓展】①printer n.打印機(jī)，印刷商，印刷工人，印刷公司：
The printer sits on her desk next to her computer.打印機(jī)放在她桌子上的電腦旁邊。
The?manuscript?had?already?been?sent?off?to?the?printers.原稿已經(jīng)寄給印刷廠了。
The?printer?has?left?out?two?lines?from?this?paragraph.印刷工人把這一段漏了兩行。
②printing n.印刷，印刷術(shù)：
Printing?was?first?invented?by?the?Chinese.印刷術(shù)是中國首先發(fā)明的。
③in print出版，印刷：
His?article?has?never?appeared?in?print.他的文章從未出版過。
I?got?a?kick?out?of?seeing?my?name?in?print.當(dāng)看到我的名字印成鉛字時，我感到無比興奮。
priority n.優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，最重要的事，優(yōu)先(權(quán))，重點(diǎn)：
Small?residential?areas?have?become?a?priority?with?the?Ministry?of?Construction.
建設(shè)居民小區(qū)是建設(shè)部要優(yōu)先解決的問題。
Being?a?parent?is?her?first?priority.做好母親是她的頭等大事。
The?proposals?deserve?support?as?they?give?priority?to?the?needs?of?children.
這些提議值得擁護(hù)，因?yàn)樗鼈儍?yōu)先考慮了兒童的需求。
The?first?priority?is?to?cut?costs.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是降低成本。
【拓展】prioritize v.按重要性排列，劃分優(yōu)先順序?，優(yōu)先處理：
You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and prioritize them.
你應(yīng)該把所有必須做的事都列出來，并按輕重緩急排個順序。
The organization was formed to prioritize the needs of older people.
這個機(jī)構(gòu)是為優(yōu)先滿足老年人的需要而成立的。
prison n.監(jiān)獄，監(jiān)禁：
There?is?a?large?prison?in?this?town.城里有一座大監(jiān)獄。
I suggested the person referred to be?put/cast/thrown?into?prison.我建議該把提到的那個人投入監(jiān)獄。
The?murderer was?sent/taken?to prison?and?before?long?he?was sentenced?to?death.??
那個謀殺犯被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄，不久被判處死刑。
He?was?sentenced?to?life in?prison(=He was condemned to life imprisonment).他被判處終身監(jiān)禁。
They?went?to?prison?because?they?violated?the?law.他們觸犯了法律，因此坐了牢。
He has been in prison for 5 years.他已坐了5年牢。
prisoner n.囚犯，犯人：
A?prisoner?has?escaped?from?a?jail?in?northern?England.一名囚犯從英格蘭北部的一所監(jiān)獄中越獄。
The prisoner had made up his mind to be a good man during the term of imprisonment and was finally released early because of good conduct.這個犯人在監(jiān)禁期間下定決心做一個好人，最后因?yàn)榱己玫谋憩F(xiàn)被提前釋放。
private adj.私人的，屬于個人的：
I’ve?always?kept?my?private?and?professional?life?separate.我總是將私生活和工作分開。
It’s?just?that?it’s?something?very?private,?and?I?simply?can’t?talk?about?it.?
只不過這是非常隱私的事情，我根本不能談?wù)撨@個。
She said she had been studying at a private high school in the US for almost two years.
她說她在美國的一所私立中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了近兩年。
【拓展】①in private私下地，秘密地：
Some?of?what?we will talk?about?might?better?be?discussed?in?private.?
我們要談?wù)摰囊恍┦虑樽詈檬窃谒较吕镉懻摗?br /> The?proceedings?of?the?enquiry?will?take?place?in?private.問訊將會秘密進(jìn)行。
②privacy n.隱私，秘密：
The purpose of the newly-invented robots which can help bathe people is to preserve the
dignity and privacy of patients.新建的機(jī)器人幫助人們洗澡的目的就是維護(hù)病人的尊嚴(yán)和隱私。
privilege n.①特權(quán)，優(yōu)待：He gave his friend the privilege of using his car.他特許他的朋友用他的汽車。
②榮幸：Boys and girls, I have the great privilege introducing our speaker. This is the famous professor
of Beijing University.孩子們，我非常榮幸地介紹我們的演講者。這位是北京大學(xué)的著名教授。
prize n.獎賞，獎：Her parents were so pleased to get the news that she won the prize.
她的父母聽到她獲獎的消息非常高興。
She received the Nobel Prize for physics.她獲得了諾貝爾物理獎。
probably adv.很可能，大概：
You may probably remember some idioms in the texts but you couldn’t possibly remember all the
words in them.你可能記得這篇文章里的一些俗語，但是你不可能記得文章里的所有的話。
【拓展】probable adj.很可能的，很有希望的：
Success is possible, but hardly probable.成功是可能的，但把握不是很大。
It’s very probable that it will rain today.今天很有可能會下雨。
problem n.問題，難題：They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult to solve.
他們意識到泰德提出的問題很難解決。
【拓展】no problem沒問題，沒關(guān)系(可用于回答道歉、感謝或表示“沒問題”等)：
—Would you please help me to take the clothes downstairs, Tom?
—No problem.
“湯姆，你能不能幫我把衣服拿到樓下？”“沒問題?！?br /> procedure n.程序，手續(xù)，步驟：
Universities must adopt stricter rules and conduct stricter reviews of submitted material to make
enrollment procedures more transparent, the Ministry of Education said on Jan 4, 2019.
教育部于2019年1月4日表示，大學(xué)必須采取更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，對提交的材料進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的審查，
以提高招生程序的透明度。
process n.①過程，進(jìn)程：
Life is a process of growing up where you know what to give up and what to hold on to.
生活是一個成長的過程，在這個過程中你知道放棄什么，堅(jiān)持什么。
Time and patience are needed in popularizing guoxue, but modem technology helps
accelerate the process.普及國學(xué)需要時間和耐心，但是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)幫助加快了這一進(jìn)程。
②(生產(chǎn)中的)工序，工藝：Building a car is a long process.制造一輛小汽車有很長的工序。
v.處理，加工：The?information?gathered?by?the?telescopes?will?be?processed?by?computers.
通過望遠(yuǎn)鏡獲得的信息將由計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行處理。
Brazil began importing soybeans to?process?at home.巴西開始進(jìn)口大豆在國內(nèi)加工。
【拓展】in the process of在……的過程中：
The?administration?is?in?the?process?of?drawing?up?a?peace?plan.?政府正在起草和平計(jì)劃。
They?were?in?the?process?of?resolving?all?the?unsettled?issues.
他們正在著手解決所有懸而未決的問題。
Her?novel?is?in?the?process?of?being?turned?into?a?television?series.
她的小說正被拍成電視連續(xù)劇。
produce v.①生，產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)：A hen produces eggs and a cow produces milk.母雞產(chǎn)蛋，奶牛產(chǎn)奶。
No producer shall produce any product that has been officially eliminated by the state.
生產(chǎn)者不得生產(chǎn)國家明令淘汰的產(chǎn)品。
②產(chǎn)生，創(chuàng)造，制造：Labor produces wealth.勞動創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。
Though our economy grows fast, we produce more than 30 times as much rubbish as we did 20 years
ago.盡管我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展，我們產(chǎn)生的垃圾是二十年前的30倍。
③導(dǎo)致，帶來，引起：Hard work produces success.努力工作會帶來成功。
④拿出，出示：Produce your tickets.請出示車票。
⑤創(chuàng)作，制作：These?artists?have produced?works?of?great?beauty.這些藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作出了非常美的作品。
More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety.據(jù)政府官員稱，將制作更多的電視節(jié)目來提高人們對食品安全的關(guān)注。
product n.①產(chǎn)品，制品，產(chǎn)物：These products are in great demand.這種產(chǎn)品需求很大。
②結(jié)果，成果，產(chǎn)物：He was the product of his period.他是他那個時代的產(chǎn)物。
③積(兩數(shù)相乘后所得的數(shù)目)：The product of three and five is fifteen.三乘五的積是十五。
production n.①生產(chǎn)，制造：He was for cutting down the cost of production.他主張降低生產(chǎn)成本。
②產(chǎn)量：The?oil?companies?have?lost?their?power?over?oil?price?and?oil?production.
石油公司已經(jīng)失去了對油價和石油產(chǎn)量的控制。
In order to increase the production of the farm produce, our government offers a lot of
money to the peasants every year.為了提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量，我們政府每年向農(nóng)民提供大
量的資金。
【拓展】①produce主要指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞：
We need some fresh produce.我們需要一些新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。
The farmers brought their produce to town early each Saturday morning.
每星期六清早農(nóng)民們就把農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)進(jìn)城。
②product主要指工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，也可指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，是可數(shù)名詞：
Our car is a product of that factory.我們的車是那個工廠生產(chǎn)的。
The market sells food products.這家商店出售食品。
Such farm products are cheap.那樣的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不貴。
有時用于引申義：He saw man as the product of society.他把人看作是社會的產(chǎn)物。
③production通常不表示具體的產(chǎn)品，它主要指生產(chǎn)這一動作或過程，是不可數(shù)名詞。它還表示“產(chǎn)量”：
The company is famous for the production of small cars.這家公司以生產(chǎn)小型汽車聞名。
Thanks to the good weather, the production of wheat this year will be double as much as
that of last year.由于天氣好，今年的小麥產(chǎn)量將是去年的兩倍。
profession n.(主要指需要有高深教育或?qū)ｉT訓(xùn)練的)職業(yè)：
We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)勤奮地而且忠誠地獻(xiàn)身于我們的職業(yè)。
【拓展】professional adj.專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的，專業(yè)性的，n.專門人員，專業(yè)人士：
Without professional training, you may pick up lots of bad habits when learning to play the
piano.沒有專業(yè)的培訓(xùn)，在學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴時，你可能會很容易養(yǎng)成很多壞習(xí)慣。
His?professional?career?started?at?Liverpool?University.?
他的職業(yè)生涯是從利物浦大學(xué)開始的。
I’m?a?professional?and?I?have?to?conduct?myself?in?a?professional?manner.
我是一個專業(yè)人士，必須以專業(yè)的方式行事。
professor n.教授：The professor works as hard as a young man despite his old age and poor health.
盡管這位教授年事已高，身體又不好，他還是像年輕人一樣努力工作。
profit n.利潤，利益，益處：
I make a penny profit on each orange.我每只橘子盈利一便士。
It has been revealed that some government leaders abuse their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.據(jù)透露，一些政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人濫用權(quán)力和職位為自己獲取非法利益。
【拓展】①v.獲利，獲益(from, by)，使……獲益，有益于：
Who will profit most from the tax reforms?稅制改革對誰最有利？
You may profit by the experience of others.你可以吸取其他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。
All his wealth did not profit him.他所有的財(cái)富于他無益。
②profitable adj.有利可圖的(反義詞unprofitable，注意：non-profitable非盈利的)：
The?bottom?line?is?that?it’s?not?profitable.最重要的一點(diǎn)是它無利可圖。
It?was?profitable?for?them?to?produce?large?amounts?of?food.生產(chǎn)大量的食物能讓他們獲利。
The?newspaper?is?believed?to?have?been?unprofitable?for?at?least?the?past?decade.?
據(jù)信這家報紙至少在過去10年中都沒有盈利。
The?second?part?analyses?the?advantages?of?non-profitable?organizations.
第二部分分析我國非營利組織的優(yōu)勢。
programme(Am program) n.
①節(jié)目單，程序表：All the actor’s names were listed in the program.節(jié)目單中列出了所有演員的名字。
②節(jié)目：A radio or television series is a set of programmes of a particular kind which have the same title.
廣播或電視連續(xù)劇是一套具有相同標(biāo)題的特定種類的節(jié)目。
③活動計(jì)劃，日程安排：
What is the program for this afternoon?=What is on the programme this afternoon?今天下午有什么活動？
④(計(jì)算機(jī))程序：
If?you?don’t?like?the?program,?just?uninstall?it?and?forget?it.如果不喜歡這個程序，把它卸載不用就行了。
【拓展】programme v. 編程，programmer n.程序員：
Nowadays robots are being programmed to do more dangerous tasks for human beings.
如今，機(jī)器人正被編程為人類做更危險的任務(wù)。
As a programmer, he always holds a strong desire for his video games to catch on to make himself
gain a firm foothold in the big city.作為一名程序員，他總是有著強(qiáng)烈的愿望，希望他的電子
游戲能流行起來，讓自己在大城市站穩(wěn)腳跟。
progress n.進(jìn)步，上進(jìn)：Without your instruction, I could not have made such great progress.
如果沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。
v.進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行：How is your work progressing?你的工作進(jìn)展情況怎樣？
【拓展】①in progress在進(jìn)行中：
The road construction work is?in?progress.筑路工程正在進(jìn)行中。
②progressive adj.進(jìn)步的，前進(jìn)的，漸進(jìn)的：
That famous progressive thinker was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting.
那位著名的進(jìn)步思想家被邀請?jiān)跁h上發(fā)表演講。
This is a progressive course in English study.這是英語學(xué)習(xí)的漸進(jìn)課程。
prohibit v.①禁止，不準(zhǔn)：That sign means that smoking is prohibited.那個標(biāo)志的意思是禁止吸煙。
②妨礙，使……不能：
Heavy fog prohibited flying.大霧妨礙了飛行。
His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.
= His poor eyesight prohibited his becoming a pilot.他因視力不好而不能當(dāng)飛行員。
His small size prohibits his becoming a policeman.他的個子太矮使他不能當(dāng)警察。
【拓展】①prohibition禁止，禁令：
Since the new prohibition of drunk driving was introduced, the number of accidents in the
area has fallen sharply.自從新的醉駕禁令發(fā)布，該區(qū)域的事故數(shù)銳減。
②參看詞條ban和forbid：
A nature reserve for white－flag dolphins was set up in 1992, where boats have been prohibited from sailing around since then.1992年建立了白旗海豚自然保護(hù)區(qū)，從此禁止船只在這里航行。
The?government?announced?last?week?that?it?plans?to?ban?people?from using?a?cellphone?
while?riding?a?bike.政府上周宣布計(jì)劃禁止人們在騎自行車時使用手機(jī)。
His?own?pride?forbids?him?to?ask?Arthur’s?help.他的自尊心不允許他開口向阿瑟求助。
This?place?used?to?forbid?parking?cars?and?bikes.這個地方曾經(jīng)禁止停放汽車和自行車。
project n.①工程：Progress so far has been good. Therefore, we are sure the project will be completed on time.
進(jìn)展一直很好，因此我們一定能準(zhǔn)時完成這個工程。
②計(jì)劃，設(shè)計(jì)：His current project is to build a swimming pool.他目前的計(jì)劃是建一個游泳池。
promise n.答應(yīng)，允諾：Don’t take it for granted that he will keep his promise.不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他會信守諾言。
Bob made a promise to the manager that the work would all be finished on time.
鮑勃向經(jīng)理保證將按時完成工作。
v.①答應(yīng)，保證，允諾：
He promised not to be late again.他保證不再遲到。
He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet.他答應(yīng)會來的，但到現(xiàn)在還沒來。
②有希望/前途的，有可能的：
It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有有望是個晴天。
Every teacher said Mike was a promising boy when in school.
每個老師都說邁克學(xué)生時代是個很有前途的男孩。
【拓展】He has promised me to go的意思是“他已答應(yīng)我他去”，而不是“他已答應(yīng)讓我去”，要表示后者的意思，可用He has promised to let me go等。
promote v.①提升，使晉升：He’s been promoted from assistant manager to manager.他已由助理經(jīng)理晉升為經(jīng)理。②促進(jìn)，推動：
Governments around the world increasingly roll out artificial intelligence to help promote economic
growth.世界各國政府越來越多地推出人工智能來幫助促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。
③宣傳，推銷：The company is promoting their new products on television.
這家公司在電視上宣傳他們的新產(chǎn)品。
【拓展】promotion n.促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)，提升，晉升，(商品等的)推廣：
They worked for the promotion of world peace.他們?yōu)榇龠M(jìn)世界和平而努力。
There are good chances of promotion in this firm.這家公司里提升的機(jī)會很多。
I have every confidence that he’ll get a promotion soon.我很有信心，他不久就會晉升的。
This year’s sales promotions haven’t been very successful.今年的推銷活動不是很成功。
pronounce v.發(fā)音：If you have no idea about how to pronounce the word correctly, you may refer to the dictionary.
如果你不知道如何正確讀這個單詞，可以拿字典做參考。
How do you pronounce this word?這個詞你怎么讀法？
pronunciation n.發(fā)音：
The pronunciation of the English words is quite different from that of the French words.
英語單詞的發(fā)音與法語單詞的發(fā)音大不相同。
There are many words that have more than one pronunciation.有很多單詞不止一種發(fā)音。
proof n.證明，證據(jù)，校樣：
A grandmother in Chengdu, Sichuan province, who has taken up pole-dancing is living proof that life
doesn’t have to gradually stop when you’re old.四川成都有一位從事鋼管舞的老奶奶就是生動的證明：
當(dāng)你老了，生命不能因此而漸漸停止。
The information sent by the robots from Mars has offered a scientific proof that there existed water on
Mars.登陸火星機(jī)器人傳回的信息已經(jīng)提供了火星上存在著水的科學(xué)證據(jù)。
I’m?correcting?the?proofs?of?the?Spanish?edition?right?now.我正在校正西班牙語版本的校樣。
【拓展】The proof of the pudding is in the eating.實(shí)踐是最好的檢驗(yàn)。
proper adj. ①適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的：Everything was in its proper place.一切均已各就各位。
AI will surely be a feature of future life, but it must be used responsibly and in a proper way.
人工智能肯定會成為未來生活的一個特征，但必須以負(fù)責(zé)任的方式和適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞绞褂盟?br /> ②合乎禮節(jié)的，合乎規(guī)矩的：
It’s not proper for you to wear a cap while eating.
=It is not proper that you(should)wear a cap while eating.你用餐時戴著帽子是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?br /> 【拓展】improper adj.不合適的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，不道德的?br /> It’s improper for parents to put too heavy duties on their children.
父母讓孩子承擔(dān)的責(zé)任太多是不合適的。
Sometimes, improper use of words can cause big trouble.
有時，不恰當(dāng)?shù)牡难赞o會引起很大的麻煩。
proportion n.比，比率，比例：
The?proportion?of?women?in?the?total?work-force?has?risen.
婦女在整個勞動力中所占的比率已經(jīng)提高。
The?proportion?of?women?in?middle?management?has?risen?to?40%.?
中層管理人員中女性所占比例已經(jīng)上升至40%。
A survey indicates the proportion of men to women in the population has changed in recent years.
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示男女人口比例在近幾年會有所改變。
【拓展】①in proportion to與……成比例, 與……相稱：
Children?tend?to?have?relatively?larger?heads?than?adults?in?proportion?to?the?rest?of?their
body.與成人相比，兒童頭部占整個身體的比例相對較大。
According to the new regulation, every employee shall be paid in proportion to their work so that productivity can be increased.根據(jù)新規(guī)定，每名員工都應(yīng)按其工作的比例獲得報酬，這樣才能提高生產(chǎn)率。
②out of proportion不成比例，不相稱：
The?price?of?this?commodity?is?out?of?proportion?to?its?value.
這件商品的價格與他的價值很不相稱。
proposal n.建議，提議，求婚：
We are all for your proposal that the discussion(should)be put off.我們都贊成你關(guān)于推遲討論的建議。
All those in favor of the proposal, raise your hands, please!所有贊成這項(xiàng)提議的人，請舉手。
After?a?short?courtship,?she?accepted?his?marriage?proposal.戀愛沒多長時間，她就接受了他的求婚。
propose v.提議，建議，打算，求婚：
I?propose?a?toast?to?the?friendship?between?the?peoples?of?the?two?countries.
我提議為兩國人民的友誼干杯。
It is proposed that a study plan(should)be made as soon as possible.有人建議盡快制定研究計(jì)劃。
He proposed(marriage)to her on bent knees.他跪著向她求婚。
protect v.保護(hù)：It is high time that the government took the measures to protect the environment.
現(xiàn)在是政府采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時候了。
【拓展】①protect…from/against…保護(hù)……免遭……，預(yù)防：
You should protect the children from catching cold.你應(yīng)該防備孩子們受涼。
It?has?been?claimed?that?wine?helps?protect?against?heart?disease.?
有人聲稱葡萄酒有助于預(yù)防心臟病。
②protection n.保護(hù)，保護(hù)物：
The?protection?of?the?environment?is?one?of?the?basic?state?policies?of?the?Chinese?government.?
保護(hù)環(huán)境是中國政府的基本國策。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在過去幾年里，中國已經(jīng)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了很大的成就。
He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
他終生獻(xiàn)身于珍稀動物的保護(hù)。
She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.她戴上墨鏡以防強(qiáng)光的照射。
proud adj.自豪的，驕傲的：
We are proud of our great motherland.我們?yōu)槲覀兊膫ゴ笞鎳械阶院馈?br /> My sister of whom my parents and I are proud was admitted to Peking University last autumn.
我姐姐去年秋天被北京大學(xué)錄取了，這讓我和我的父母很驕傲。
【拓展】be proud of=take pride in為……而感到自豪/驕傲：
We?take?pride?in?offering?you?the?highest?standards.
我們?yōu)橄蚰峁┳罡邩?biāo)準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)而感到自豪。
Take?pride?in?your?health?and?your?figure.為自己的健康和體形感到驕傲吧。
He is always proud of his excellent spoken English; while his sister takes pride in her maths.
他總是為自己流利的英語口語感到驕傲；而他的妹妹以她的數(shù)學(xué)為傲。
prove(proved, proved/proven(Am))v.證明：
Margaret?proved?herself?to?be?a?good?mother.瑪格麗特證明了自己是個好媽媽。
The cause he had devoted himself to proved a perfect success.他投身的事業(yè)證明是相當(dāng)成功的。
provide v.提供：He was on the scene and saw what happened, which makes him the only witness who provides an authentic account.他當(dāng)時在現(xiàn)場，看到了發(fā)生的一切，所以他是唯一能提供真實(shí)情況的目擊證人。
You must provide yourselves.你們必須自備必需品。
【拓展】①要表示“為A提供B”，通常用provide B for A或用provide A with B：Sheep provides wool for us.=Sheep provides us with wool.羊?yàn)槲覀兲峁┭蛎?br /> ②provide against sth.預(yù)防某事，防備發(fā)生某事：
We must?provide?against?a rainy day.我們必須未雨綢繆。
③provision n.提供；供給：
The department is responsible for the provision of residential care services.
該部門負(fù)責(zé)提供家庭護(hù)理服務(wù)。
providing conj.如果，假如，在……條件下，倘若：
He?will?take?the?job?providing(that)he?may?do?it?in?his?own?time.?
倘若他可以在自己的時間內(nèi)做，他會接受該工作。
Providing?there?is?no?opposition,?we?shall?hold?the?meeting?next?Monday.
假如沒人反對的話，我們將在下星期一召開會議。
【拓展】provided(that)與providing(that)同義：
You can keep the book for a further week provided that no one else requires it.
這本書如果沒有別人需要的話，你還可以(再)借一個星期。
province n.省：The opening province which consists of 14 coastal cities will quicken its pace of development.
由14個沿海城市組成的開放省份將加快發(fā)展步伐。
It is recommended that a new railway be built to connect Ningde and Quzhou in Zhejiang Province.
建議在浙江省修建一條連接寧德和衢州的新鐵路。
psychology n.心理學(xué)，心理：It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.社會心理學(xué)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)是人與人之間的互動，而不是生活中發(fā)生的事。
If we understood the psychology of the killer we would have a better chance of catching him.如果我們懂得兇手的心理，捉到他的可能性就會大一點(diǎn)。
【拓展】psychological adj.心理(學(xué))的：
Always surrounded by honors, praises and gifts, young kids nowadays are easy to suffer psychological problems when things go against them.總是被榮譽(yù)，贊揚(yáng)，禮物包圍著，現(xiàn)在這些孩子一旦事情對他們不利，很容易有心理問題。
pub n.酒店，酒吧：Richard used to run a?pub.理查德曾經(jīng)開過酒吧。
public adj.公共的，公眾的：Don’t be so noisy; this is a public place.別這樣大聲喧嘩，這是公共場所。
n.(連用the)公眾：There was cooperation between the police and the public in catching the criminal.
警方和公眾在抓捕罪犯方面進(jìn)行了合作。
【拓展】in public公開地，公共場合，在公眾面前：
Don’t think you are losing face when you make a mistake in public, since no one is perfect.
不要認(rèn)為在公共場合犯錯是丟臉，因?yàn)闆]有人是完美的。
She is too shy to sing in public.她太靦腆，不敢在眾人面前唱歌。
publish v.①出版，發(fā)行：The dictionary was published in 2001.這本詞典是2001年出版的。
②公開，發(fā)表：When will the dictionary be published?這本詞典什么時候出版？
【拓展】①publishing n.出版，出版業(yè)
The publishing house invaded his copyright, so he accused it.
出版社侵犯了他的版權(quán)，他提出了控告。
She used to be a teacher, but now she works in publishing.
她曾是名教師，但現(xiàn)如今供職于出版業(yè)。
②publisher n.出版者，發(fā)行人：
Cassie got himself into an embarrassing situation where none of the publishers would touch
her and publish her new works.卡西陷入了一個尷尬的境地，沒有一個出版商愿意接觸她，
出版她的新作品。
My father is the editor and publisher of the magazine.我父親是這份雜志的編輯兼發(fā)行人。
pull v.拉，拖，扯：You push and I will pull.你來推，我來拉。
She pulled the door open.她把門拉開了。
Don’t pull my hair.別我的頭發(fā)。
n.拉，拉力，引力，影響力：
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。
The tides depend on the pull of the moon.潮汐是月亮引力作用的結(jié)果。
Some advertisements have no pull at all.有些廣告毫無吸引力。
He has a lot of pull with the managing director.他對總經(jīng)理有很大的影響力。
【拓展】①常考的pull動詞短語，請看下列例句：
The bus dropped me off and pulled away before I realized I had left my bag on it.
在我意識到我包落在車上前，這輛公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。
The church, of which the ceiling was covered with colorful designs and pictures, was pulled down by the workers last week.這座天花板上滿是多彩的圖案和圖畫的教堂，上星期被工人們拆掉了。
The express from Rome pulled in on time.從羅馬來的快車準(zhǔn)時進(jìn)站了。
He pulled off his overcoat and began to work.他脫下大衣，開始工作。
You had better get a doctor??to pull out your bad tooth.你最好請醫(yī)生拔掉你的壞牙。
The infrastructure project has consumed so much money that we can’t find any financial support and have to pull out.這個基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)了太多的錢，我們找不到資金支持，只好撤出。
The train pulled out of the station as scheduled in spite of the heavy snow.
盡管天下大雪，火車還是按時開出了車站。
If?you?get?tired,?pull?over?and?rest.要是累了，就停車靠邊休息。
His injuries are serious but he is expected to pull through.
他的傷是如此嚴(yán)重但是大家估計(jì)他會恢復(fù)健康的。
②用在某些俗語中：
— Hey, you fellow! Would you like to come and taste the dishes I have cooked?
—Don’t pull my leg. You even don’t know how to fry an egg.
“嘿，想來嘗嘗我做的菜嗎？”“別開玩笑了，你甚至不知道如何煎蛋?！?br /> I thought we were going bankrupt, but my partner pulled a rabbit out of the hat and we landed a
major contract.我認(rèn)為我們就要破產(chǎn)了，但是我的伙伴做出驚人之舉，我們簽了一個大合同。
pulse n.脈搏，搏動：
The doctor took/felt her pulse.醫(yī)生給她把脈。
It turned out that his pulse beats regularly, which made us relieved.
結(jié)果是他的脈搏跳的很有規(guī)律，這使我們都松了口氣。
pump v.用抽水機(jī)抽(吸)，用打氣筒打(氣)，用泵(或泵樣器官等)輸送：
They pumped the well dry.他們把井水抽干了。
I tried to pump up my back tyre.我試圖給后胎打氣。
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.心臟的功能是把血液輸往全身。
【拓展】n.抽水機(jī)/水泵，打氣筒：
There?was?no?water?in?the?building,?just?a?pump?in?the?courtyard.
樓里沒有水，只是在庭院里有個水泵。
Can?you?lend?me?a?pump?to?blow?my?bicycle?tyre??
您能借我一個打氣筒給我的自行車胎打氣嗎？
punctual adj.準(zhǔn)時的，守時的：
—Tom was late for work this afternoon.
—How come? As far as I know, he is fairly punctual.
“今天下午上班遲到了。”“怎么會呢？據(jù)我所知，他相當(dāng)守時的。”
I have said so much but in brief there’s only one thing I want to stress, that is, everybody should be punctual tomorrow.我說了這么多，但簡而言之，我只想強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事，那就是每個人明天都要準(zhǔn)時。
【拓展】punctuality n.守時：
I?always?go?to?work?on?time.?Punctuality?is?my?strength.我總是準(zhǔn)時上班，守時是我的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
punctuation n.標(biāo)點(diǎn)：It was a very badly-written article—terrible punctuation and lots of spelling mistakes.
這是一篇寫得非常糟糕的文章——糟糕的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和許多拼寫錯誤。
punish v.懲罰，處罰：None of the naughty boys would escape being punished by Mr. Jacob if they didn’t obey his orders.如果這些淘氣的男孩不服從雅各布先生的命令，他們沒有一個能逃脫懲罰。
【拓展】punishment n.懲罰：
If caught sleeping in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
如果你被逮到在課堂上睡覺，你就打掃教室一個星期作為懲罰。
The punishment for stealing is going to jail.對盜竊的處罰是坐牢。
pupil n.(小)學(xué)生：To be a good teacher, one must first be a good pupil.要作好先生，首先要作好學(xué)生。
purchase n.購買，所購之物：
Some?of?the?receipts?had?been?for?the?purchase?of?cars.其中一些收據(jù)是購買汽車時開的。
If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.
所購之物若不合意，我們將全額退款。
v.買，購買：The new-found island, measuring 12 kilometres by 7 kilometres, has been purchased by the army as a military base.最先發(fā)現(xiàn)的大小為12*7平方公里的小島已經(jīng)被軍方購買用作為軍事基地了。
【拓展】purchaser n.買方，購買者：
The vendor signs a contract with the purchaser.賣方須與買方簽訂契約。
He has not yet given possession to the purchaser.他還沒把所有權(quán)移交給買主。
The purchaser of the house will pay the deposit next week.買房者下星期付定金。
The group is the second largest purchaser of fresh fruit in the US.
該集團(tuán)是美國新鮮水果的第二大買主。
pure adj.①純的，純粹的，純凈的：This looks like pure gold.這看起來像純金。
—Mary was being badly treated when John happened to pass by and helped her out.
—I think it was not a pure coincidence but had been well planned.
“當(dāng)約翰碰巧路過的時候，瑪麗正受到虐待。所以就把她救了出來。”
“我認(rèn)為這不是純粹的巧合，而是事先計(jì)劃好的?！?br /> ②純潔的，清白的：She is pure in body and mind.她身心純潔。
③純正的，正確的，完美的：He speaks pure English.他說純正的英語。
④完整的，完全的，僅僅的，全然的：It was a pure accident.這完全是一次意外事故。
purple n.& adj.紫色，紫色的：
Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers and put it here, for purple flowers look more beautiful
against a light yellow wall.請把那束紫色的花拿過來放在這里，因?yàn)樵诘S色墻壁的襯托下，紫
色的花看起來更漂亮。
purpose n.目的，意圖：
What was the purpose of his visit?他來訪的目的是什么？
She learns Japanese for business purposes.她學(xué)習(xí)日語是為了做生意。
Her purpose in going to the U.S. is to look for her uncle.她去美國的目的是找她叔叔。
He climbed silently for the purpose of seizing the thief by surprise.
為了出其不意地抓住小偷，他悄悄地爬過去。
She stepped on my foot on purpose, not by chance, which made me very angry.
她故意踩了我的腳，不是偶然地，這使我很生氣。
purse n.錢包，錢袋：He?had?his?purse?stolen?by?a?pickpocket.他的錢包被扒手掏了。
push n.推：She gave the door a push to open it.她推了一下，把門推開了。
The?stores?will?inevitably?end?up?competing?with?each?other?in?their?push?for?increased?market
shares.這些商場在爭取增加市場份額的過程中不可避免地會相互競爭。
v.①推：You can pull a rope, but you can not push it.你可以拉繩子，但不能推繩子。
②逼迫：Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to push them too hard.
鼓勵孩子們嘗試新事物，但不要把他們逼得太緊。
【拓展】①push for推動，push ahead with推進(jìn)，push up推上去，增高，提高：
Chairman Xi Jinping and Jong-un held talks, reaching the important agreement that the two sides agreed to make joint efforts to push for continuous new development of China-DPRK relationships in the new era.習(xí)近平主席與金正恩舉行會談，雙方達(dá)成重要共識，一致同意共同努力，推動中朝關(guān)系在新時期不斷取得新發(fā)展。
The government intends to?push?ahead?with?its reform?program.政府打算推進(jìn)其改革計(jì)劃。
That?helped?push?up?the?price?of?US?assets,?particularly?house?prices.
這幫助推升了美國的資產(chǎn)價格，尤其是房價。
②push one’s luck得寸進(jìn)尺，貪得無厭，過分：
You’ve had a good run so far, don’t push your luck!你已經(jīng)夠幸運(yùn)的了，別得寸進(jìn)尺?。?br /> Don’t?push?your?luck.?I’m?not?Santa?Claus.別貪得無厭。我又不是圣誕老人。
My sister agreed to help out on Saturday, do you think I might be pushing my luck if I asked her to stay for the whole week?我妹妹同意星期六來幫我們。你說，如果我讓她再多呆一個星期，是不是就有點(diǎn)過分了？
put(put, put)v.放，置，擺：Put the coat there.把外衣擱在那里。
I hope I’m not putting you to much trouble.我希望不會給你添太多的麻煩。
【拓展】?？己衟ut的動詞短語的意義請看下列例句：
Encourage?children?to?put?aside?some?of?their?pocket-money?to?buy?Christmaspresents.?
應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵孩子們省下一部分零花錢來買圣誕禮物。
However busy you are, try to put aside at least half an hour each day to practice listening and reading.無論你有多忙，試著每天留出至少半個小時的時間來訓(xùn)練聽力和閱讀。
She?took?up?a?slice?of?bread,?broke?it?nervously,?and then?put?it?aside?
她拿起一片面包，焦慮不安地把它掰碎，又放在一邊。
Put?away?any?valuable?or?breakable?objects.把所有值錢的東西和易碎的物品都收起來。
I asked him to put away such foolish ideas.我叫他放棄這種愚蠢的想法。
There are many toys on the shelf and you can use whichever you want, but please put them back when you have finished playing with them.架子上有很多玩具，你想玩哪個玩哪個，不過當(dāng)你玩完了的時候，請把它們放回原處。
Many people are so addicted to Tik Tok that they can’ t put down their phones.
許多人如此沉迷于抖音以至于他們放不下手機(jī)。
Please put down the address before you forget it.請把地址記下來以免忘了。
The army?went?in?to?put?down?a?rebellion.軍隊(duì)出動鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂。
They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult to solve.
們意識到泰德提出的問題很難解決。
The regular flight CA9525 for 11:30 am is to be put off due to the stormy weather.
由于暴風(fēng)雨天氣，上午11點(diǎn)30的定期航班CA9525將要被推遲。
I put him off with a promise to pay him next week.我搪塞他一下，答應(yīng)下周還他錢。
What he said put her off.他說的話使她不高興。
He put on his glasses to read the letter.他戴上眼鏡讀信。
They are going to put on the play next week.他們計(jì)劃下周上演這出戲。
People are talking about the new traffic regulations to be put on in two months.
人們在談?wù)搩蓚€月后將要公布的新的交通法。
Please put on the light.請把燈打開。
“Put on your coat, or you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says .
“穿上外套，否則你會感冒的！”這就是我媽媽經(jīng)常對我說的話。
He?didn’t?realize?that?he?was?injured?until?the?fire?had?been?put?out.?
火撲滅后，他才發(fā)覺自己受了傷。
He put out the light and went out.他關(guān)了燈就出去了。
Don’t?put?out?your?tongue?at?me,?you?cheeky?girl!?
不要向我伸舌頭，你這個沒規(guī)矩的丫頭！
Last year the factory put out over six million records.
去年這家工廠生產(chǎn)了六百多萬張唱片。
Put up your hand if you have any questions.有問題請舉手。
He?is?putting?up?a?new?fence?at?his?home.他正在為自己家搭建新的籬笆墻。
He?can?put?up?here?for?the?night.他今晚可以在這里住宿。
Sarah said that she would put us up for the weekend.莎拉說周末讓我們住她家。
It?is?proposed?that?we?should?put?up?a?new?laboratory?building?in?our?school.
人們建議我們應(yīng)在學(xué)校里建造一所新的實(shí)驗(yàn)樓。
They?put?up?the?posters?all?around?the?town?to?advertise?the?circus.?
他們在鎮(zhèn)上到處張貼海報，為這個馬戲團(tuán)做廣告。
This?place?makes?me?sick.?I?can’t?put?up?with?it?any?more.?
這個地方讓我覺得惡心，我再也不能忍受了。
Don’t?just?try?to?put?up?with?your?toothache.?Go?and?see?the?dentist.?
你牙疼別硬挺著，快去治治吧。
Your?call?has?been?put?through.你的電話叫通了。
Could you please put me through to the manager? I have something very important to talk with him.請給我接一下經(jīng)理好嗎？我有重要的事情要與他談?wù)劇?br /> It began with a “self-discovery” process where each of us put through a series of tests to determine what it is that we truly love doing.一開始是一個“自我發(fā)現(xiàn)”的過程，我們每個人都要經(jīng)歷一系列測試，以確定我們真正喜歡做什么。
You have put your family through a lot recently.
最近你讓你的家人受了很多苦。
Parents are coming back, and you’d better put away these things, or the room is in a mess.
爸媽要回來了，你最好把東西收好否則房間一團(tuán)糟。
John never put on the dog to show off his money.約翰從來不炫富擺闊氣。
When he saw us, he began to put on the dog.他一看見我們就開始擺架子。
puzzle n.難題，謎，困惑：
It?took?him?only?ten?minutes?to?solve?the?puzzle.他解這道題僅僅用了十分鐘。
It’s a puzzle where all my money goes each week.我每周的錢都花到哪里去了，真是個謎。
She has always been a puzzle to me.她一直是個令我費(fèi)解的人。
The?firemen?were?in?a?puzzle?about?the?cause?of?the?fire.消防隊(duì)員對這場火災(zāi)的起因困惑不解。
v.使困惑，使傷腦筋：This letter puzzles me.這封信使我迷惑不解。
【拓展】①puzzled adj.感到迷惑的，感到困惑的(指心理感受)：puzzling令人迷惑的，令人困惑的(指事物所具有的特征)：
She was puzzled as to what was going on.她對發(fā)生的事感到莫名其妙。
Facing the puzzling situation, Tom looked puzzled.
面對這令人迷惑的情形，湯姆看起來迷惑不解。
From his puzzled expression, we can guess that the problem maybe was quite puzzling.
從他困惑的表情看，我們猜這個問題很令人困惑。
②puzzle over苦苦思索，仔細(xì)琢磨，為……大傷腦筋：
You?needn’t?puzzle?over?every?single?word?or?phrase?in?the?book.
這本書用不著一字一句地?fù)浮?br /> They?puzzled?over?the question for quite a while.這問題他們苦苦地想了很久。
③puzzle sth. out琢磨出……的答案：
She?managed?to?puzzle?out?the?meaning?of?that?long?sentence.?
她總算把那個長句的意思揣摩出來了。
He was trying to puzzle out why he had been brought to the house.
他想弄明白自己為何被帶到這座房子里來的。
④to one’s puzzlement使某人困惑的是：
To our puzzlement, the written record of our conversation doesn’t correspond?to what was
actually said.使我們困惑的是，我們談話的書面記錄與實(shí)際所說的話不相符。
pyramid n.①金字塔：How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.
古代埃及人怎么建造的金字塔困惑了人們好幾個世紀(jì)。
②(幾何)錐體：They?built?a?pyramid?of?leaves?and?branches.他們用樹葉和樹枝堆成一個錐體。