說明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(chief—connect)
chief adj.主要的，首要的，總的：
The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars being the most important of these.
該國的主要出口產(chǎn)品是煤、汽車和棉花制品，汽車是其中最重要的。
The chief engineer hopes they will have got everything ready before we start the project next month.
總工程師希望在我們下個(gè)月開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目之前，他們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了一切。
n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，頭，上級(jí)：He?had?the?good?fortune?to?marry?off?his?daughter?to?the?local?chief.?
他很幸運(yùn)地把女兒嫁給了當(dāng)?shù)厥最I(lǐng)。
child(pl children)n.孩子，兒童：
Child as he is, he can answer the difficult questions.盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，但他能回答難題。
The building built here last year is another children’s palace in our city.
去年在這里建成的那座建筑是我們城市的另一座少年宮。
【拓展】child’s play兒戲，容易的事情：
—Mike, can you do 20 press-ups in two minutes?
—It’s child’s play. I can do 40!
“邁克，你能2分鐘內(nèi)做20個(gè)俯臥撐嗎？”“太容易啦。我能夠在2分鐘內(nèi)做40個(gè)俯臥撐”。
childhood n.幼年時(shí)代，童年：
Childhood is a period of rapid growth.幼年是生長迅速的時(shí)期。
—Why is it that Mr. Smith seldom mentions his childhood?
—Perhaps he suffered a lot in his childhood.
“為什么史密斯先生極少提到他的童年？”“或許因?yàn)樗晔芰撕芏嗟目?。?br /> chocolate n.巧克力(糖)：
A box of chocolates?is a most welcome gift for one’s lover on Valentine’s Day.
在情人節(jié)那天，給所愛的人送一盒巧克力是最受歡迎的禮物。
Worrying about your weight is more likely to lead to you comforting yourself with a piece of chocolate or cake.擔(dān)心體重更有可能導(dǎo)致你用一塊巧克力或蛋糕來安慰自己。
choice n.①選擇，抉擇：
Hardly ever have there been so many choices for young people entering the workforce as there are today.對于進(jìn)入職場的年輕人來說，很少有像今天這樣多的選擇。
We are faced with a difficult choice.我們面臨困難的抉擇。
②入選者，被選者：Which is your choice?你選哪一個(gè)？
【拓展】have no choice but除了……外別無選擇，只好(后接不定式)：
Yesterday she got sicker and sicker, giving us no choice but to send her to the nearest hospital.
昨天她的病變得越來越嚴(yán)重了，我們別無選擇只能送她去了最近的醫(yī)院。
We had no choice but to do what we were asked to do.我們只好照辦。
choke n.窒息，阻塞：The?automatic?choke?devices?are?all?similar,?although?they?vary?in?detail.
自動(dòng)阻風(fēng)門盡管在細(xì)節(jié)上有所不同，但其設(shè)計(jì)是相仿的。
v.①(使)窒息，(使)不能呼吸，哽噎，哽咽：
I?was?really?nervous?but?I?didn’t?choke.我真的很緊張，但我還沒緊張到窒息。
Words failed me when I wanted to express my thanks to him. I just held his hands firmly, choking.
當(dāng)我想表達(dá)謝意時(shí)我說不出話來只是緊緊的握住他的手，哽咽著。
When I wanted to express my thanks to him, words escaped me. I just held my hands firmly and choked.
在我想向他表達(dá)我的感謝的時(shí)候不知道該說什么了。
②阻塞，塞滿(空間或通道)：The pipe was choked by/with the mud.污泥堵塞了管道。
【拓展】相關(guān)短語：
The road was choked up with several miles of vehicles within a few minutes.
在幾分鐘之內(nèi)路上堵滿了幾英里的車輛。
She choked up when she began to talk about her mother.
她開始談起母親時(shí)，便哽咽著說不出話來。
He?choked?down?his?anger?and?choked?back?a?sharp?reply.?
他強(qiáng)忍住憤怒，憋回了尖刻的答話。
Higher?energy?prices?could?choke?off?any?global?economic?recovery.?
能源價(jià)格上漲可能扼殺全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。
choose(chose, chosen) v.
①選擇，挑選：
There are two high schools for you to choose. Which one would you like to attend?
有兩所高中供你選擇。你想上哪一個(gè)？
The supermarket offers various goods to choose from, so more and more people prefer to shop there.
超市提供各種各樣的商品供顧客選擇，所以越來越多的人愿意到那里購物。
②(接不定式)決定，意愿：He chose to stay where he was.他決定留在他原來的地方。
chopsticks n.筷子：In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些國家，人們吃飯用筷子，而在另一些國家，人們吃飯用刀叉。
Christian adj.基督教的，基督的：Virtue?is?not?confined?to?the?Christian?world.善行并不是僅限于基督教世界。
n.基督教徒：The mass of people in that country are not Buddhists but Christians.
那個(gè)國家的群眾不是佛教徒，而是基督教徒。
Christmas n.圣誕節(jié)：December 25 is the day that westerners celebrate as their Christmas Day.
12月25日是西方人慶祝圣誕節(jié)的日子。
church n.教堂，禮拜儀式，禮拜：
Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in their life.
大多數(shù)愛爾蘭人每周日都去做禮拜，教堂是他們的生活中非常重要的一部分。
cigar n.雪茄煙：He stood there with a cigar in his mouth.他站在那兒，嘴里叼著一支雪茄煙。
cigarette n.紙煙，香煙：
It is easy for adolescents to get into the habit of smoking. They should keep away from cigarettes.
青少年很容易養(yǎng)成抽煙的習(xí)慣。他們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離香煙。
cinema n.電影，電影院：
With much homework to do, he decided not to go to the cinema this evening.
由于有許多家庭作業(yè)要做，他決定今晚不去看電影。
circle n.①圓，圈，環(huán)：They sat in a circle.他們圍成一個(gè)圈坐著。
If you have a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.如果你有一付圓規(guī)，就很容易畫一個(gè)圓。
The Belt and Road run through Asia, Europe and Africa, connecting the East Asia economic circle at one end and European economic circle at the other.“一帶一路”穿越亞洲、歐洲和非洲，一端連接?xùn)|亞經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，另一端連接歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)圈。
②團(tuán)體，圈子：She has a large circle of friends.她交友很廣。
Stephen tried to get his work recognized in the medical circle.
斯蒂芬試圖讓他的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。
The young pianist named Lang Lang stands out among the music circle and is very popular with the audience.年輕鋼琴家郎朗是音樂圈中聽眾非常熟知的大才子。
v.盤旋，環(huán)繞：
The birds circled around in the air.鳥在空中盤旋。
Not only the USA and Russia but also China .has sent up manned satellites to circle the earth.
不僅有美國和俄國，中國也發(fā)送載人衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞地球一周。
circuit n.①繞行一周：He used to run three circuits of the track every morning.他以前每天早晨沿跑道跑三圈。
②電路，線路：A?break?in?the?circuit?caused?the?lights?to?go?out.電路的中斷使電燈熄滅了。
This?question?is?really?a?circuit?design?rather?than?a?layout?problem.?
這完全是一個(gè)線路設(shè)計(jì)問題，而不是工藝問題。
circulate v.①循環(huán)：If you blood circulates badly, your hands and feet will get cold easily.
如果你的血液循環(huán)差，你的手腳很容易變冷。
②流通，流傳：
The man circulating the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.
那名散布18名火警在爆炸中喪生了的這條假消息的人被逮捕了。
【拓展】circulation n.血液循環(huán)，流通，傳播，發(fā)行量：
An electric fan keeps the air incirculation.電風(fēng)扇使空氣保持流通。
We?must?constantly?adjust?the?amount?of?money?in?circulation.
我們必須對貨幣的流通不斷進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。
Daily print newspaper circulation had declined by about 2%, dropping from 528 million in 2016 to 519 million in 2017.日報(bào)發(fā)行量下降了約2%，從2016年的5.28億降至2017年的5.19億。
circumstance n.①(常用復(fù))情況，情形，環(huán)境，經(jīng)濟(jì)情況：
The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It’s about what you’re made of, not the circumstances.同樣的沸水使土豆變軟，使雞蛋變硬。重要的是你是由什么構(gòu)成的，而不是環(huán)境。
Do you know in what circumstances it was that Jack achieved his goal?
你知道杰克是在什么情況下達(dá)到目標(biāo)的嗎？
What are his circumstances?他的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況如何？
He lives in good [easy] circumstances.他生活優(yōu)裕。
【拓展】①in/under the circumstances在這種情況下，情形既然如此：
Under/In the circumstances I had to stay.在這種情況下，我只好留下。
②in/under no circumstances在任何情況下都不，決不：
In/Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.
無論如何我也不會(huì)再借錢給他了。
③under any circumstances無論在何種情況下：
Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.
只有在特殊的情況下，一年級(jí)新生才被允許參加補(bǔ)考。
circus n.①馬戲團(tuán)：My?real?ambition?was?to?work?in?a?circus.我的真正抱負(fù)是在馬戲團(tuán)工作。
②(用單數(shù))馬戲(表演)：They took us to the circus.他們帶我們?nèi)タ瘩R戲。
citizen n.市民，居民，公民：
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便，很多老年市民開始使用智能手機(jī)。
Citizens are at liberty to exercise their rights, but under no circumstances can they violate other people’s rights.公民可以自由地行使自己的權(quán)利，但他們絕不能損害他人的權(quán)益。
city n.城市，市：
The future of our city lies in the creativity and innovation of young people.
我們城市的未來在于年輕人的創(chuàng)造性和創(chuàng)新。
Our?university?lies?at?the?foot?of?Mount?Zijin,?in?the?eastern?suburbs?of?Nanjing?City.?
我們的大學(xué)位于在南京市東郊的紫金山腳下。
civil adj.①公民的：
A sound governing system should guarantee people’s exercise of civil rights.
健全的管理體制應(yīng)保障公民行使公民權(quán)利。
②平民的(非軍人)：He returned to civil life.他退役了。
③文明的，禮貌的：Be civil to the headmaster.對校長要禮貌些。
④民事的：He has?written?several?books?on?civil?law.他著有好幾本有關(guān)民事法的書。
⑤國內(nèi)的：She and her loved ones had become attacked targets of violent terrorists groups in the country’s ongoing civil war.作為敘利亞的一名東正教教徒，她和親人們成為了這個(gè)國家正在進(jìn)行的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中激進(jìn)的恐怖組織暴行的目標(biāo)。
civilian n.平民，百姓：The criminals were charged with breaking into the civilians’houses.
罪犯被控告闖入老百姓的房子。
adj.平民的，民用的，民間的：
Attempts to find?civilian?volunteers have met with embarrassing failure.?
尋找平民志愿者的種種嘗試都遭遇了令人難堪的失敗。
civilization n.①開化，教化：The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years.人類經(jīng)數(shù)千年才文明開化。
②文明：Chinese?traditional?culture?contains?rich?material?civilization?and?spiritual?civilization.?
中國傳統(tǒng)文化包含了豐富的物質(zhì)文明和精神文明。
As the birthplace of Huaxia civilization, Xi’an is a city with a long history and abundant cultural relics.作為華夏文明的發(fā)源地，西安是一座擁有悠久歷史和豐富的文化底蘊(yùn)的城市。
claim v.聲稱，宣稱，號(hào)稱，要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索取/要，奪走(生命)：
Students surveyed by the team all claimed to support the plan.接受調(diào)查的學(xué)生都聲稱支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
He is such a person as always helps others without claiming a reward, which makes him popular in the community.他是一個(gè)幫助他人不求回報(bào)的人，使得他在社區(qū)中十分受歡迎。
Now?they?are?returning?to?claim?what?belonged to them.?如今他們回來索取本屬于他們的東西。
The?new?law?enables?a?person?to?claim?money?from?the?state.?新法律使個(gè)人有了向國家索賠的權(quán)利。
The tsunami happening deep under the sea in South-east Asia claimed more than 200,000 lives.
產(chǎn)生于東南亞深海中的海嘯奪走了超過20萬的生命。
n.索賠，聲稱，(根據(jù)權(quán)利而提出的)要求，斷言：
He?doubted?their?claim?to?have?forsaken?military?solutions?to?the?civil?war.
他對他們聲稱已經(jīng)放棄通過武力解決內(nèi)戰(zhàn)感到懷疑。
The?strike?resulted?in?the?acceptance?of?worker’s?claim?by?the?employer.
罷工結(jié)果，資方接受了工人的要求。
clap v.①拍手，鼓掌：
The audience clapped their hands in time to the music.觀眾跟著音樂的節(jié)奏拍著手。
②以手輕拍：He clapped his son on the back.他輕輕地拍了拍兒子的背。
【拓展】n.鼓掌，掌聲，輕拍：Let’s give her a big clap.咱們給她用力鼓掌。
clarify v.(使)清楚易懂，講清，闡明，澄清：
Will you clarify that statement?請你把那句話的意思講清楚好嗎？
The cloudy solution clarifies on standing.混濁的溶液經(jīng)靜置后澄清。
Foreign Ministry spokesman said China had made representations to Canada, requiring it clarify the reason for the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of Huawei.中國外交部發(fā)言人表示，中國已向加拿大提出交涉，要求加拿大澄清華為首席財(cái)務(wù)官孟晚舟被捕的原因。
class n.①班，班級(jí)，課：The whole class passed the exam.全班都及格了。
They sprang up with joy when they heard that their class won the first place in the relay race.
當(dāng)聽到班級(jí)在接力賽中獲得第一名時(shí)，他們高興地跳了起來。
Mr. Zhou is strict with his students in class but very kind to them after class.
周老師上課時(shí)對學(xué)生要求很嚴(yán)格，但課后他對他們很好。
②類別，等級(jí)：
There are many different classes of animals.動(dòng)物有很多種。
It costs more to travel first class.頭等艙票價(jià)高。
Our team is world-class and it was no surprise that we won by such a wide margin.
我們的球隊(duì)是世界級(jí)的，我們以如此大的優(yōu)勢獲勝并不令人驚訝。
③階級(jí)：Class differences can divide a nation.階級(jí)差異會(huì)造成國家的分裂。
classic adj.①最優(yōu)秀的，一流的：They are modern classic writers.他們是第一流的當(dāng)代作家。
②經(jīng)典的，傳統(tǒng)的，古典的：
Long-term exposure to domestic and foreign classics has made him so knowledgeable.
長期接觸國內(nèi)外名著讓他如此的知識(shí)淵博。
Classic literature and arts are not only what used to be popular but what last and survive through many generations.古典文學(xué)不盡過去受歡迎而且持續(xù)并幸存了很多代。
n.名著，經(jīng)典著作：She enjoys reading the classics.她喜歡讀經(jīng)典著作。
【拓展】classic與classical的區(qū)別：
classical是“古典的”，classic則表示“經(jīng)典的，精彩的，一流的”，后者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)“優(yōu)秀”這個(gè)概念，而前者無疑是從時(shí)間上來定義的：
a classic book on history一本經(jīng)典/精彩的歷史著作
a classical book on history一本古典歷史名著
We were sitting quietly. All of a sudden, a piece of classical music sounded, which gave life to the whole stadium.我們安靜地坐著，突然，一曲古典音樂響起，這給整個(gè)體育場帶來活力。
另外classic還可以表示“典型的”：classic example of?bureaucratism典型的官僚主義。
classify v.把……分類(分等)：
They are classified in sorts.它們是按品種分類的。
The librarians classify the books in the library as novels.
圖書管理員把圖書館里的書按小說分類。
classmate n.同學(xué)：He?turned?around,?and?I?recognized?him?as?a?former?classmate.
他轉(zhuǎn)過身來，我才認(rèn)出是位老同學(xué)。
He set an example to his classmates.他給他的同學(xué)樹立了榜樣。
classroom n.教室：Helen ran out of the classroom in tears, but no one knew why she was so sad.
海倫流著淚沖出了教室，但沒人自導(dǎo)她為什么如此地傷心。
clause n.從句，分句，?條款，款項(xiàng)：
—I’ll ask the teacher about the attributive clause. I’m very puzzled about it.
—That’s just where most of our classmates have doubt.
“我要去問老師定語從句的知識(shí)，我很不理解定語從句?！薄斑@就是大多數(shù)學(xué)生都不理解的地方?！?br /> He?has?a?clause?in?his?contract?which?entitles?him?to?a?percentage?of?the?profits.
他的合同中有一項(xiàng)條款，使他有權(quán)分得一定比例的利潤。
claw n.(動(dòng)物的)爪：Cats have sharp claws.貓有尖爪。
v.(用爪子)撕，拉：The cat clawed the chair.貓用爪子抓椅子。
clay n.黏土，泥土：
To make bricks, workers press clay into blocks.為了制磚，工人們把粘土壓成塊狀。
【拓展】feet of clay弱點(diǎn)，不足之處：
I believed him to be honest but his actions showed that he had the feet of clay.
我相信他是誠實(shí)的，但他的行為說明他有弱點(diǎn)。
Even great minds have their feet of clay, so we don’t need to underestimate ourselves.
甚至最偉大的想法也有不足之處，因此我們不必要去低估我們自己。
clean v.弄干凈，擦干凈，打掃：
Everybody is helping out with dinner. Would you clean the fish?
每個(gè)人都在幫忙做晚飯。你能把魚洗干凈嗎？
When I was cleaning the window, my finger was cut unexpectedly.
當(dāng)我正在擦窗戶時(shí)，我的手指意外地被割破了。
The square was cleaned by many volunteers every weekend when I was a small boy and now I’m one of the volunteers cleaning the square.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩的時(shí)候，每個(gè)周末都有很多志愿者來打掃這個(gè)廣場，現(xiàn)在我也成為了志愿者中一員。
adj.①清潔的，干凈的：You must keep your clothes clean.你必須保持衣服清潔。
According to a UN report, 30 percent of the world’s population have no access to clean drinking water and health care.根據(jù)一份聯(lián)合國的報(bào)告, 世界上30%的人口沒有干凈的飲用水和健康保障。
②純潔的，清白的：He has a clean record.他歷史清白。
【拓展】相關(guān)短語：
Aunt?Mary?volunteered?to?clean?up?the?kitchen.瑪麗阿姨主動(dòng)要求清掃廚房。
Tom, clean up the broken glass before someone walks on it.
湯姆，把碎玻璃收拾干凈，以防有人踩上。
The?mayor?outlined?his?plan?to?clean?up?the?town’s?image.市長概述了他整頓市容的計(jì)劃。
Mr. Green took his 7th grade students to clean up the river.
格林先生昨天下午帶七年級(jí)的學(xué)生去清理那條河。
She had intended to clean out the spare room last week, but it was much too occupied at that time.
她本打算上周把那個(gè)空房間打掃干凈，但當(dāng)時(shí)它堆得太滿了。
cleaner n.①清潔工，清潔器，清潔劑：
She is a well-known doctor now, but she worked as a cleaner at the hospital for five years.
她現(xiàn)在是一位有名的醫(yī)生，但是她曾經(jīng)在醫(yī)院里做過五年的清潔工。
Just a few minutes every day, and you could have shining floors and furniture with this new cleaner.
每天僅需幾分鐘，用這種清潔器，你可以把地板和家具變得很干凈明亮。
What do you think of the proposal that improvement be made in the type of vacuum cleaner?
你認(rèn)為改進(jìn)這種吸塵器的建議怎么樣?
Don’t?spray?cleaner?directly?on?the?display?or?keyboard.不要將清潔劑直接噴灑在顯示器或鍵盤上。
②洗衣店：The other day he came across a dollar bill in the suit he was sending to the cleaner’s.
有一天他在他正要送去干洗店的西裝里偶然看到一張一美元的紙幣。
clear adj.①清澈的，透明的，清晰的：She spoke in a loud clear voice.她說話聲音又洪亮又清楚。
②晴朗的，無云的：I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.我喜歡秋天天氣的晴朗。
③清楚的，明白的：Have I made myself clear?我講清楚了沒有？
④顯然的，明顯的，清楚的：
It’s clear from his actions that he loves her.從他的行為明顯可看出他是愛她的。
It is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands.
委員會(huì)成員清楚的是，總統(tǒng)不會(huì)向他們的要求讓步。
⑤確定的，確信的：Are you clear that he will come?你確信他今天會(huì)來嗎？
⑥無障礙(危險(xiǎn)等)的：The road is clear of snow now.現(xiàn)在路上已無積雪。
v. ①收拾，清除：When you have finished your meal, clear the table.吃完飯把桌子收拾干凈。
②使清潔，變清潔，使清澈，變清澈：The soap will help clear your skin.肥皂會(huì)有助于清潔你的皮膚。③變晴，轉(zhuǎn)晴：After the storm the sky cleared.暴風(fēng)雨過后，天空變晴。
【拓展】clear up放晴，清理，消除，解決：
—What bad weather! I’m afraid the trip will be canceled.
—If only it would clear up tomorrow.
“真是糟糕的天氣！恐怕旅行要被取消了。”“要是明天能夠放晴多好?！?br /> Please clear away the obstacles.請把這些障礙清除掉。
People in Taiwan and the mainland must try hard to understand each other, and clear up
misunderstanding.臺(tái)灣和大陸人民必須努力互相了解，消除誤解。
I?think?the?trouble?will?clear?up?in?a?couple?of?days.我想問題幾天內(nèi)就會(huì)解決。
clerk n.辦事員，職員，書記員，售貨員，店員：
He?serves?as?a?clerk?in?a?bank.他在一家銀行當(dāng)辦事員。
She worked as a clerk in a government department after graduating from college.
她大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，在政府部門擔(dān)當(dāng)職員。
The?clerk?of?the?court?read?out?the?charges.書記員宣讀了控告書。
The?clerk?asked?me?to?sign?the?docket.店員讓我在單據(jù)上簽字。
clever adj.①聰明的，明智的：
Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.盡管他很聰明，但是他的學(xué)習(xí)不是很好。
It’s clever of her to refuse him.=She is clever to refuse him.她拒絕他是明智的。
②熟練的，靈巧的：He is clever with money.他擅長理財(cái)。
③精明的：He was too clever for me.他太聰明，我斗不過他。
click v.①(使)發(fā)出咔嗒聲：
The door clicked shut.咔嗒一聲關(guān)上門。
②(計(jì)算機(jī)用語)點(diǎn)擊：
The woman was so sensitive that even the clicking sound of the mouse upset her.
這位女士如此敏感，以至于點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)的聲音都會(huì)使她心煩。
client n.委托人，當(dāng)事人，(連接在服務(wù)器上的)客戶端：
My client cannot come but I appear on behalf.我的委托人不能來。我代表他。
The?lawyer?proved?the?innocence?of?his?client.律師證實(shí)了他的當(dāng)事人的清白。
At?this?point?both?client?and?server?have?copies?of?shared?session?key.?
現(xiàn)在，客戶端和服務(wù)器都有了共享會(huì)話密鑰的副本。
climate n.①氣候：There is no doubt that climate all over the world has been changing greatly in recent years.
毫無疑問，最近幾年全球氣候一直在劇烈變化。
②(具有某種氣候的)地方：
He wants to move to a warmer climate.他想搬到一個(gè)氣候較溫暖的地方去住。
③氛圍，狀況，局勢：
Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.由于舒適的創(chuàng)業(yè)氛圍，許多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的企業(yè)已經(jīng)騰飛。
The economic?climate?remains?uncertain.經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢依然不確定。
climb v.①爬，攀登：Monkeys can climb well.猴子善于攀爬。
②升高，上升：The cost of living in big cities has been climbing steadily for many years，and it has led some youths to drop out of the big city race.許多年以來，大城市的生活費(fèi)用穩(wěn)步增高，這導(dǎo)致許多年輕人逃離了大城市。
The plane climbed to 20 000 feet.飛機(jī)上升到20 000英尺。
③爬山，登山：
Some traditional exercise like jogging, swimming and climbing may help people stay in shape.
一些傳統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如慢跑、游泳和爬山或許能幫助人們保持健康。
He likes to go climbing at weekends.他喜歡在周末去登山。
clinic n.(私人)診所，門診：He is being treated at a private clinic.他正在私人診所接受治療。
In addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
除了這個(gè)學(xué)校外，這個(gè)村子有一個(gè)診所，這個(gè)診所也是有政府支持建造的。
clock n. (時(shí))鐘：
I needn’t use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.
因?yàn)槊刻煸绯苛c(diǎn)鐘那列火車都經(jīng)過我家附近，所以沒有必要用鬧鐘來叫醒我。
What does the clock say?現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)？
The clock struck twelve.鐘敲12點(diǎn)。
【拓展】參看詞條around the clock。
clone v.克?。篧e still don’t know the exact time for the first human being to be cloned.
我們?nèi)匀徊恢赖谝粋€(gè)將被克隆的人的確切時(shí)間。
close adj.①親密的，親近的：
At the meeting, they sat very close and had a close talk, but I didn’t know what they were talking about.在會(huì)議上，他們坐在靠一起親密的交談，但我不知道他們在談?wù)撌裁础?br /> ②接近的，靠近的：You’re too close to the fire.你離爐火太近了。
③仔細(xì)的，密切的：Keep a close watch on the children.仔細(xì)看好孩子。
④勢均力敵的：He?bowed to?his?opponent?finally?in?a?close?match.
在一場勢均力敵的比賽中，他終于敗給對手。
adv.靠近地，緊密地：
Don’t come too close.不要靠得太近。
By hiking, people can get close to nature and enjoy a new kind of life.
通過徒步旅行，人們可以親近大自然，享受一種新的生活。
v.①關(guān)，閉：The boy lay on the ground, with his eyes closed and his mouth open.
這個(gè)男孩躺在地上，眼睛閉著，嘴巴張著。
②關(guān)門，不開放：When does the shop close?店鋪何時(shí)關(guān)門？
③結(jié)束，終止，停業(yè)：
The speaker closed(the meeting)with a word of thanks to the chairman.
演講者向主席道了謝，(會(huì)議)就結(jié)束了。
Thick hazes have been continuing to hit some cities recently, the airport closed temporarily.
最近，重度霧霾繼續(xù)襲擊一些城市，機(jī)場臨時(shí)關(guān)閉了。
Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
這家商店快要關(guān)閉了，所以這兒所有的T恤衫都半價(jià)出售。
The present financial crisis has greatly contributed to thousands of workers being laid off and many factories closing down.目前的金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致數(shù)千名工人下崗，許多工廠倒閉。
cloth n.①布，衣料：How much cloth does it take to make a dress for the girl?這個(gè)女孩做件連衣裙要多少布?
②布?jí)K，桌布：Wipe the floor with a cloth.用抹布擦地板。
clothes n.(復(fù)數(shù))衣服：
She spends a great deal of money on new clothes every year.她每年花很多錢買新衣服。
clothing n.(總稱)衣服：
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
在操作機(jī)器的時(shí)候必須要穿防護(hù)服。
【拓展】clothes與clothing的區(qū)別：
①前者為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后者為不可數(shù)名詞。
②前者較具體，后者比較抽象。
③“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes，“一件衣服”是a piece/an article of clothing。
cloud n.①云：A dark cloud is a sign of thunderstorm.烏云就是閃電的征兆。
②煙霧，云狀物：Clouds of smoke rose above the bombed city.煙霧從遭受轟炸的城市升上天空。
【拓展】on/over?cloud?nine極其快樂，樂不可支，極快樂：
—I’ve never seen Fred so happy.
—Don’t you know he’s passed the exam? He’s been on cloud nine ever since.
“我從來沒有看過Fred如此快樂過?！薄澳悴恢浪ㄟ^考試了嗎？他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)樂不可支了?！?br /> cloudy adj.多云的，陰天的：
The sky looks a bit cloudy now but I think it will clear up.
天空現(xiàn)在看起來有點(diǎn)云，但我相信會(huì)放晴的。
club n.俱樂部：We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我們被邀請參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉行的聚會(huì)。
clue n. 線索，跡象，提示：
No?clue?to?his?whereabouts?has?been?found.?至今沒有找到有關(guān)他行蹤的線索。
I’m?never?going?to?guess?the?answer?if?you?don’t?give?me?a?clue.?
如果你不給我一點(diǎn)提示的話，我是絕對猜不到答案的。
clumsy adj.笨拙的，笨手笨腳的：
Though the way I swim looks clumsy, at least it can keep me floating.
雖然我游泳的方式看起來很笨拙，但至少它能讓我保持漂浮著。
You are clumsy! You’re knocked over my cup of coffee!你真笨手笨腳！把我的這杯咖啡撞翻了。
coach n.①教練，私人/輔導(dǎo)教師：
As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach announcing,“The highest honor goes to Cathy!”當(dāng)儀式接近尾聲時(shí)，我突然聽到主教練宣布：“最高榮譽(yù)授予凱西！”
What?I?need?is?a?drama?coach.我需要的是一位戲劇輔導(dǎo)老師。
②馬車，長途(旅游)車：
The Queen traveled to the wedding in the royal coach.女王乘坐皇室馬車光臨婚禮。
You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
你等的地方不對。大巴車是在賓館接游客。
【拓展】v.輔導(dǎo)，訓(xùn)練：
Remember not to telephone me after 7:30 pm, for I will be coaching the students in the classroom then.記得七點(diǎn)半以后不要打電話給我，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候我會(huì)在教室里指導(dǎo)學(xué)生。
She has talent but she will need coaching.她有天賦，但需要指導(dǎo)。
coal n.煤，煤塊：
Considering the temperature might drop, it’s wise of you to prepare some coal in advance.
考慮到溫度可能下降，你提前準(zhǔn)備一些煤是明智的。
coast n.海岸，海濱，沿岸地區(qū)：
There are many islands off the Chinese coast.在中國沿海有很多島嶼。
I live ten miles from the coast.我住在離海岸10公里的地方。
coat n.①外套，大衣，上衣：
The coat I bought yesterday is the same as yours.我昨天買的外套和你的一樣。
②表層，涂層：The desk is covered with a coat of dust.桌上覆蓋著一層灰。
code n.編碼，代碼，行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/準(zhǔn)則：
We are living in an age when QR codes are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
我們生活在二維碼在日常生活中越來越受歡迎的時(shí)代。
If?you?can’t?remember?your?number,?write?it?in?code?in?a?diary.?
如果記不住自己的號(hào)碼，可以用代碼記在日記簿里。
Doctors?in?Britain?say?a?new?code?of?conduct?is?urgently?needed?to?protect?the doctor-patient?relationship.?
英國的醫(yī)生說急需新的行為準(zhǔn)則來保護(hù)醫(yī)患關(guān)系。
coffee n.咖啡：
—Would you like something to drink, girls?
—Yes, two cups of coffee, please.
“女孩子們，來點(diǎn)喝的怎么樣？”“好的。兩杯咖啡?！?br /> —Does coffee really work when you have to work late into night?
—Yes. As far as I’m concerned, I feel very energetic after a coffee.
“當(dāng)你不得不工作到深夜 時(shí)， 咖啡真的管用嗎？”
“是的。就我個(gè)人而言，喝完一杯咖啡后，我會(huì)感到精力充沛。
coin n.硬幣，錢幣：
How did you happen to come across the old coin?你是怎樣碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)那枚古幣的？
【拓展】As?a?popular?saying?goes,?every?coin?has?two?sides.?正如俗語所說，事物都有兩面性。
coincidence n.巧合(的事)：
It can’t be a coincidence that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night.
四家珠寶商店同一個(gè)晚上被搶劫不可能是一件巧合的事情。
By?coincidence, my?best?friend?and?I?ended?up?working?at?the?same advertising?firm.?
巧合的是，我最好的朋友和我最終竟在同一家廣告公司工作。
coke n.可口可樂(=Coke-Cola)
cold adj.①冷的：How cold it is ! We’ve never had a colder day this winter.
真是太冷了！我從來沒有見過比這更冷的冬天了。
②冷淡的，冷酷的：We had rather a cold welcome.我們受到相當(dāng)冷淡的接待。
n.①冷，寒冷：He was shivering with cold.他冷得發(fā)抖。
②感冒，傷風(fēng)：Be careful not to take (a) cold.小心別著涼。
【拓展】cold feet膽怯，不敢，退縮：
Are?you?still?planning?to?go?camping?with?us?or?did?you?get?cold?feet??
你是要跟我們?nèi)ヂ稜I呢，還是你膽怯了？
Sally?said?I?should?try?Bungee,?but?I?had?cold?feet.?
莎莉說我應(yīng)當(dāng)休會(huì)一下蹦極，然而我就是不敢。
collapse v.倒塌，坍塌，崩潰，暴跌，昏倒：
At last, people trapped in the collapsed building were rescued.最后，被困在倒塌的大樓里的人獲救了。
Having been attacked by terrorists, the tall building collapsed.被恐怖分子襲擊后，這棟大樓坍塌了。
The?economic?collapse?had?dangerous?political?echoes.經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰引起了政治上的危險(xiǎn)反響。
collar n.衣領(lǐng)：What’s your collar size?你的衣領(lǐng)尺寸是多少？
I seized the thief by the collar.我一把抓住了小偷的領(lǐng)口。
【拓展】get/go hot under the collar怒氣沖天，發(fā)怒，為不重要的事生氣：
She is a vegetarian. She will get hot under the collar if you mention eating meat in front of her.她是一個(gè)素食主義者。如果你在她面前提吃肉的話題，她會(huì)大發(fā)雷霆的。
He got very hot under the collar when others asked about the accusation of lying.
當(dāng)其他人則詢問有關(guān)撒謊的指控時(shí)，他怒氣沖天。
You?don’t?need?to get?hot?under?the?collar.?He?didn’t?steal?your?money.?
你也不用臉紅脖子粗的呀，他又沒偷你錢。
Don’t?get?hot?under?the?collar.?I?didn’t?mean?to?offend?you.?別發(fā)火，我本無意冒犯你。
colleague n.同事：To her joy, Della first earned the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.
讓貝拉高興的是，她首先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，然后是同事的信任。
collect v.①收集，搜集：
Basing his conclusion on the evidence he collected on the scene, he proved that the murderer was guilty.
根據(jù)他在現(xiàn)場收集的證據(jù)，他得出了結(jié)論，證明兇手是有罪的。
②領(lǐng)取，接走：She collected her child from school on her way home.
她在回家的路上到學(xué)校接回了自己的小孩。
③收錢，收賬：The bus conductor collected money from the passengers.公共汽車售票員向乘客收錢。④募集，聚集：I’ve?volunteered?to?help?collect?money?for?charity.我自愿幫助慈善事業(yè)募集資金。
He collected a crowd of children around him.他把一大群孩子聚集在他周圍。
⑤使(思想)集中，使(心神)鎮(zhèn)定：
I tried to collect my thought but was too excited.我想集中思想，但是我太激動(dòng)了。
【拓展】collection n.
①收集，搜集：He likes to make a collection of rare books他喜歡收藏精品書籍。
②收藏品，收集物：
He was giving his collection away for free.他正在免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送他的藏品。
The Tate Gallery has a large collection of modern paintings.
塔特陳列館里收藏了大量現(xiàn)代繪畫作品。
college n.①(綜合大學(xué)中的)學(xué)院，獨(dú)立學(xué)院，?？茖W(xué)校：
Merton is a college of Oxford University.默頓是牛津大學(xué)的一個(gè)學(xué)院。
②大學(xué)：We were at [in] college together.我們大學(xué)是同學(xué)。
③社團(tuán)，學(xué)會(huì)：She’s a member of the Royal College of Nurses.她是皇家護(hù)士學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員。
colour(Am color) n.
①顏色，色彩：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, those that had the best colour.
他建議農(nóng)民選擇最好的谷穗，那些顏色最好的谷穗。
②顏料：The artist painted in water-colors.這畫家用水彩作畫。
③臉色：—Jack, you look a little off colour.
—Well, I have been staying up late to finish my report these days which is due this Friday.
“杰克，你看起來有點(diǎn)兒氣色不佳?！?br /> “嗯，我這些天一直在熬夜寫這周五要完成的報(bào)告?！?br /> v.①給……著色，涂色：The boy coloured his pictures with crayons.小男孩用蠟筆在圖畫上涂顏色。
②變色，臉紅：She coloured up to the temples.她面紅耳赤。
【拓展】colourful adj.顏色鮮艷的，豐富多彩的，引人入勝的，彩色繽紛：
The flowers were?colourful?and the scenery?magnificent.花兒五顏六色，景色蔚為壯觀。
Every spring, the park becomes a colourful place with lovely flowers everywhere, which is an absolutely fantastic sight.每到春天公園里變得五彩繽紛的地方，到處有著美麗的花朵，這是絕對美妙的景色。
column n.專欄，圓柱，縱隊(duì)，列：
I acknowledge the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.
我承認(rèn)在準(zhǔn)備這個(gè)新欄目的時(shí)候，得到了我的同事的幫助。
He?will?place?an?announcement?in?the?personal?column?of?The?Daily?Telegraph.
他將在《每日電訊報(bào)》的個(gè)人專欄上登一則啟事。
The?stone?that?fell?on?his?head?came?from?the?top?of?the?column.?
那塊砸到他頭上的石頭來是圓柱的頂部。
A?column?of?soldiers?marched?down?the?highway.一個(gè)士兵縱隊(duì)沿著公路行進(jìn)。
Each?column’s?data?is?separated?from?the?next?by?a?comma.?
每列數(shù)據(jù)與下一列數(shù)據(jù)之間都是用逗號(hào)分隔的。
【拓展】columnist n.專欄作家：
The advice columnist is very happy now, for Jane just called to tell him that his advice worked out very well, which hadn’t been expected.這位咨詢專欄作家非常開心，因?yàn)镴ane剛剛打電話說他的建議結(jié)果非常好，這是沒有預(yù)料到的事情。
comb n.①梳子：a fine-tooth comb細(xì)齒梳子
②(用單數(shù))梳(頭發(fā))，梳：Your hair needs a good comb.你的頭發(fā)得好好梳一梳。
v.梳(頭發(fā))，刷(毛)：Have you combed your hair?你梳頭了嗎？
【拓展】comb?through徹底搜查，梳理，仔細(xì)查找：
Not having combed through pages and links, you have to read the information to decide whether it is linked to what you are researching.還沒有梳理好頁數(shù)和內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，你就不得不閱讀信息來決定它是否與你正在尋找的相聯(lián)系。
A special federal task force is combing?through?the material.
美國的一個(gè)特別聯(lián)邦行動(dòng)小組正在這些資料中仔細(xì)查找有用的情報(bào)。
combine v.(使)聯(lián)合，(使)結(jié)合：
Medical errors and various infections, if combined, will be the third leading cause of death in the world.
醫(yī)療錯(cuò)誤和各種感染如果結(jié)合在一起就會(huì)是世界上死亡的第三大原因。
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氫與氧化合成水。
【拓展】combination n.結(jié)合，聯(lián)合體：
The modern age of science and technology has witnessed an increased combination of the world, which requires us to translate the intention of international co-operation into action.
現(xiàn)代科技使世界的結(jié)合越來越緊密，這就要求我們把國際合作的意圖轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。
The combination of the two companies makes them get into a win-win situation.這兩家公司的合并使他們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)雙贏的局面。
come(came, come) v.
①來，來到：
You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)來的。公共汽車剛開走的。
Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he might have come over to help us.
史密斯先生那時(shí)正在開會(huì)，要不然他可能過來幫我們了。
②發(fā)生，來到，降臨：June comes after May.五月過后是六月。
③達(dá)到：The water came(up)to my neck.水深及我的脖子。
④變成，開始：She came to realize that she was wrong.她終于認(rèn)識(shí)到是她自己錯(cuò)了。
⑤(事物)出現(xiàn)，(想法等被)想到：A good plan came to me.我想起一個(gè)好辦法。
【拓展】①come about發(fā)生：
—Oh, my God! I failed in the exam.
—How did it come about?
“哦,我的上帝!我考試不及格?！薄八窃趺窗l(fā)生的？”
②come across(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)或遇見，(某情況)發(fā)生：
Perhaps I shall come across him in Paris.也許我會(huì)在巴黎見到他。
③come along一道去，趕快：Come along, it’s getting dark.趕快，天快黑了。
④come down with染上病：
Mr. Smith is supposed to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has come down with a bad cold.史密斯先生被期望代替患重感冒的經(jīng)理參加會(huì)議。
⑤come for來取，來拿，來找：I have come for the dictionary.我來拿詞典。
⑥come from來自，出生于：Wool comes from sheep.羊毛取自羊身上。
⑦come in handy遲早有用：
The emoticons come in handy when we want to stop a conversation, sparing us the embarrassment.當(dāng)我們想要停止對話時(shí)，表情符號(hào)就派上用場了，這樣我們就不用尷尬了。
⑧come on跟著來，快點(diǎn)，來吧：
You go first and I’ll come on later.你先走，我隨后就來。
⑨come out出來，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，開花，出版：
The truth will sooner or later come out.真相遲早會(huì)大白的。
The truth has come out at last.終于真相大白。
The flowers are coming out.花要開了。
That magazine comes out once a month.那個(gè)雜志每月出一期。
⑩come to合計(jì)，歸結(jié)為，蘇醒，談到：
That comes to five yuan.一共五元錢。
I was just to come to it.我正要談這個(gè)問題。
What you say comes to this.你的話歸結(jié)起來就這樣。
When he came?to?and raised his head he saw?Barney.他蘇醒過來，抬起頭，看見了巴尼。
When?it?comes?to?photography, I’m not an?adept.談到照相，我不是內(nèi)行。
?come true變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，證實(shí)是：
Their dream has finally come true.他們的夢想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
?come up with趕上，提出，想出：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.他想出了增加銷售量的新主意。
As is often the case, we come up with a perfect idea together to solve the problem.
我們一起想出一個(gè)絕佳的主意來解決問題，這是常有的事情。
?How come怎么會(huì)？(交際用語)
—Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning.
—How come? As far as I know, he never comes late to class.
“米契爾今天早晨上史密斯先生的課遲到了?！?br /> “怎么會(huì)呢？據(jù)我所知，他從不遲到的。”
comedy n.喜?。篈 sense of humor is what it takes for a comedian to perform well in a comedy.
幽默感是一個(gè)喜劇演員在喜劇中出色表演所必須具有的東西。
comfort n.①舒適，安逸：
They did everything for our comfort.他們盡量使我們覺得舒適。
This?will?enable?the?audience?to?sit?in?comfort?while?watching?the?shows
這樣能夠讓觀眾舒舒服服地坐著看表演。
②安慰，慰問：We could give him no comfort.我們無法安慰他。
③給人以安慰的人或物：Your help has given me much comfort.你的幫助給了我很大的安慰。
④a comfort一件安慰的事，抽象名詞具體化：
His opening up a food processing factory is a comfort to his parents.
他開了一個(gè)食品加工廠對于他的父母來說是種安慰。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough years.
“在那些難熬的時(shí)光中，能買得起一杯飲料是一個(gè)莫大的安慰。
v.安慰，使舒適：Say something to comfort her.說幾句話寬慰她。
【拓展】其反義詞為discomfort：
Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for
their fellows.吸煙，對某些人來說可能是一件快樂的事情，而對于他們的同事來說卻是產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重不適的根源。
comfortable adj.舒服的，舒適的，自在的：
I like this silk dress and it feels so soft and comfortable.
我喜歡這件絲綢連衣裙，感覺又軟又舒服。
I’d like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and above all in a quiet neighborhood.
我想買一套現(xiàn)代化、舒適的房子，最重要的是在一個(gè)安靜的小區(qū)里。
He?did?not?feel?comfortable?with?strangers.他和陌生人在一起感到不自在。
【拓展】其反義詞為uncomfortable：
It may be worth trying even if the effort makes you uncomfortable.
你值得嘗試，即使努力會(huì)使你不舒服。
command n.①命令：All his commands were quickly obeyed.他下的所有命令很快就被執(zhí)行。
②統(tǒng)率，指揮(權(quán))：The general has command over the army.將軍對軍隊(duì)有指揮權(quán)。
③掌握，精通：
She has a good command of the French language.她精通法語。
It is a must to have a good command of a foreign language and a specific skill in such a competitive society.在這樣一個(gè)競爭激烈的社會(huì)里，掌握一門外語和一門專門技能是必須的。
v.命令，指揮，統(tǒng)率，掌握：
He commanded us to leave immediately.他命令我們馬上離開。
She commanded that we should attack at once.她下令我們立即攻擊。
The teacher commanded that the exercises be finished in an hour.老師命令練習(xí)在一小時(shí)內(nèi)完成。
He commands a good knowledge of Chinese history.You can ask him about the ancient China.
他很好的掌握了中國歷史的知識(shí)，你可以問他關(guān)于中國古代的知識(shí)。
【拓展】①at one’s command受某人支配，為某人掌握：
He has enormous funds at his command.他有大量的資金受他支配。
Lucia impressed her peer students with her musical talent, as well as several foreign languages at her command.露西婭以其音樂天賦以及掌握的幾種外語給同學(xué)們留下了深刻的印象。
②commander n.指揮官，司令官：
The commander commanded that the soldiers arrive at 9:00.指揮官命令士兵9點(diǎn)到達(dá)。
comment n.評(píng)論：He made no comment.他未做任何評(píng)論。
The fellow we spoke to made no comment at first.我們與其說話的那個(gè)人一開始沒有發(fā)表評(píng)論。
In order to enhance market competitiveness, we welcome any comments from consumers, favourable or otherwise.為加強(qiáng)市場競爭力，我們歡迎消費(fèi)者提出任何正面或負(fù)面的意見。
v.評(píng)論，發(fā)表意見：
I have nothing to say. I don’t think I should comment on his decision.
我沒有什么好說的，我認(rèn)為我不應(yīng)該評(píng)論他的決定。
He commented that he thought it was time for us to leave.他發(fā)表意見說，他認(rèn)為我們該離開了。
commercial adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的，商業(yè)性的，營利的，以營利為目的的：
Word came that the audience were not satisfied with the commercial performance.
有消息稱，觀眾對商業(yè)演出不滿意。
All rights reserved, no one is allowed to copy or use this paper for other commercial purposes.
版權(quán)所有，任何人不得復(fù)制或使用本文件作其他商業(yè)用途。
The play was a commercial success.這出戲從營利角度看很成功(即賺錢)。
commission n.委員會(huì)，(銀行等的)手續(xù)費(fèi)，傭金：
His son will succeedhim as chairman of the commission after his retirement.
在他退休之后，他的兒子將要接替他擔(dān)任委員會(huì)主席。
The?bank?charged?commission?to?change?my?traveler’s?cheques.?
銀行為兌現(xiàn)我的旅行支票而收取手續(xù)費(fèi)。
Is it common practice that salesmen receive a commission of 10 percent on all sales made?
售貨員抽取所售貨物百分之十的傭金是常見的做法嗎？
commit v.①犯(法、罪等)；干(壞事、蠢事等)：
Property crimes, such as motor vehicle theft, are the most common crimes committed in the US.
財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪，如汽車盜竊，是美國最常見的犯罪。
This?is?a?man?who?has?committed?murder.這是一個(gè)殺人犯。
There?are?unconfirmed?reports?he?tried?to?commit?suicide.有未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道說他曾企圖自殺。
②將……置于(某狀態(tài))，交……保留(或處理)：
They committed him to jail.他們將他監(jiān)禁起來。
The task was too important to be committed to a child.此任務(wù)太重要而不能托付給兒童。
At?present,?from?the?west?to?the?east,?many?countries?are?actively?implementing?education?reform,
committing?to?improve?educational?efficacy?and?developing?creatively?genius.?
現(xiàn)時(shí)，從西方到東方，各國正積極推行教育改革，致力于提高教育效能、培養(yǎng)綜合創(chuàng)新人才。
【拓展】①commit oneself on對……表態(tài)(承諾或表明意見)：
He didn’t want to commit himself on that matter.他不想就那樣做任何承諾。
②commit oneself to保證，承諾，獻(xiàn)身于……，委身于……，致力于……：
Sorry, I’ve committed myself to working for Jim.對不起，我已承諾為吉姆做事。
③be committed to獻(xiàn)身于……，忠于……，致力于……：
This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
這個(gè)發(fā)展地區(qū)致力于創(chuàng)建一個(gè)完美的投資環(huán)境。
commitment n.①委托，委任，監(jiān)禁：
I?only?have?one?more?commitment?before?I?leave.在離開之前我還要完成一件委托的事。
②承諾，約定：
He made a commitment to pay $50,000 to Red Cross.他承諾向紅十字會(huì)提供50,000美元。
③責(zé)任，義務(wù)，致力：
One hundred percent commitment to your studies, though it can be lonely and no fun at all, will leave precious marks on your youth.百分之百的致力于學(xué)習(xí)，盡管會(huì)既孤獨(dú)又無趣，它卻會(huì)給你的青春留下珍貴的印記。
During the power transition earlier this year, analysts said, Chinese leaders tried to demonstrate their commitment to fighting corruption.今年早些時(shí)候領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人換屆期間，分析人士曾指出，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人試圖展現(xiàn)其反腐的決心。
【拓展】make a commitment作出承諾：
Chances are you split up the last time because you didn’treally want to make a commitment.上次你們分手的很大原因可能是你不想做出承諾。
committee n.委員會(huì)，(全體)委員：
The committee consists of fifteen members.委員會(huì)由十五名成員組成。
【拓展】①表示是委員會(huì)的成員，通常用(be)on the committee，注意用介詞on。
②the committee作為集合名詞，若視為整體，表單數(shù)意義；若考慮其個(gè)體，則表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。另外，若后接定語從句，視為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 who；視為單數(shù)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 that 或 which：The committee who were/which was responsible for this decision would consider it over again.對這一決定負(fù)責(zé)的委員會(huì)是會(huì)重新考慮它的。
commodity n.商品，日用品，有價(jià)值的東西，有利，有益：
The?government?increased?prices?on?several?basic?commodities?like?bread?and meat.?
政府提高了面包、肉類等幾種基本商品的價(jià)格。
Fresh?air?must?surely?be?the?most?precious?commodity?of?the?future.?
清潔的空氣肯定是未來最珍貴的日用品。
common adj.①普通的，一般的，常見的：
It’s a mistake quite common among students.這是學(xué)生常犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
It’s too common to mention.這是司空見慣的，不值一提。
Occasions are not uncommon when we have to cancel our plan due to something unexpected.
由于一些意想不到的事情，我們不得不取消計(jì)劃，這種情況并不少見。
②共有的，共同的，共用的：
It’s a common cup.這是公用茶杯。
Britain and America share a common language.英國和美國共用一種語言。
Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, one that different cultures should coexist with tolerance.大多數(shù)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在聯(lián)合國大會(huì)上表達(dá)了一個(gè)共同的愿望，即不同的文化應(yīng)該與寬容共存。
【拓展】①in common(with)(與……)有共同之處/一樣，共用：
Put aside where you disagree and try to find what you have in common.
把你們的分歧放置一邊，盡量找到你們的共同之處。
In common with many other scientists, Albert Einstein enjoyed music besides scientific research work.和許多其他科學(xué)家一樣，愛因斯坦除了從事科研工作外，還喜歡音樂。
②common sense常識(shí)，情理：That shows a lack of common sense.那表明缺乏常識(shí)。
③參看詞條usual。
communicate v.交流，聯(lián)系，傳達(dá)(感情，信息等)：
I think we should communicate with each other about what happens to us.
我想我們應(yīng)該就發(fā)生在我們身上的事互相交流一下。
A politician must be able to communicate.政治家必須善于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
【拓展】①不用于雙賓語句型，要表示將某情況傳達(dá)給某人，通常用communicate…to...：
He communicated the news to me.他把那消息告訴(傳達(dá)給)了我。
②communication n.交際，交往，交流，傳達(dá)，聯(lián)絡(luò)，信息，消息：
Communication is difficult when two people don’t speak the same language.
兩個(gè)人語言不同就很難交往。
We have received many communications from many people about this.
我們從許多人那里得到了有關(guān)這件事的消息。
In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in
comparison with light, it won’t be blocked by trees when travelling.在森林中，聲音是最好的遠(yuǎn)距離交流方式，因?yàn)榕c光相比，它不會(huì)被樹木阻擋。
communism n.共產(chǎn)主義：
The ultimate aim of the Communist Party of China is the realization of communism.
中國共產(chǎn)黨的最終目的是要實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義。
The new CPC leaders are trying their best to beat corruption in order to live up to the ideal of communism.新一任的中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人為了實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義的理想正努力去懲治腐敗。
communist n.& adj.共產(chǎn)主義者(的)，共產(chǎn)黨人：
Everyone has his own belief. Communists believe in communism.
每個(gè)人都有自己的信仰。共產(chǎn)黨人信奉共產(chǎn)主義。
community n.社區(qū)，共同體，社會(huì)團(tuán)體，(生態(tài))群落：
Involving themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.
參與社區(qū)服務(wù)，學(xué)生可以獲得成長的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
This?would?enable?the?community?to?speak?with?one?voice?in?world?affairs.
這將使該共同體在國際事務(wù)上能以一個(gè)聲音講話。
This view is common across all sections of the community.
這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在社會(huì)的各個(gè)階層都非常普遍。
companion n.同/伙伴，伴侶：
John was honest with his companions and won their faith in him.
約翰對同伴很真誠，贏得了他們對他的信任。
She has an acute eye for fashion, which makes her a very good shopping companion.
她對時(shí)尚有敏感的眼光，這使得她是一個(gè)購物的好伙伴。
Mary finally accepted Bruce as her life-long companion.瑪麗最終接受布魯斯作為她的終身伴侶。
company n.①公司，商行：
Are there any companies here you’ve dealt with before?這里有沒有曾和你有過來往的公司？
Do you know who is in charge of the company now?你知道誰現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)公司的嗎？
②陪伴，交往：
She lives alone so she likes company at weekends.她獨(dú)自生活，所以很喜歡周末和別人在一起。
I’m lonely if I have no company.如果沒有人做伴我感到孤獨(dú)。
③伙伴，客人：Company is coming for dinner.有客人要來吃飯。
④一群人：A great company came to church.許多人來教堂(做禮拜)。
【拓展】keep sb. company陪伴某人：
William will keep you company if you don’t want to be lonely.
如果你不想那么孤單，威廉姆將會(huì)陪著你。
compare v.①比較，對照：
Before you make any decision, you’d better compare all the information you can get.
在你做決定之前，你最好比較你能得到的所有信息。
②比喻，比作：
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亞將世界比作舞臺(tái)。
The poet compared her teeth to pearls.詩人把她的牙齒比作珍珠。
③比得上，相比：
This can’t compare with that.這個(gè)不能和那個(gè)相比。
Nothing can compare with wool for warmth.沒有比羊毛更暖和的東西了。
Compared to/with many women, she was very fortunate.和許多女人相比她是很幸運(yùn)的。
【拓展】①compare...with...把……和……比較(常表示同類相比，比較)
compare...to...把……比作……(常表示異類相比，比喻)
Let’s compare this photo with that one. 讓我們把這張照片和那張照片作一下比較。
Children are often compared to happy birds. 孩子常常被比喻成幸福的小鳥。
②Compared to/with…與……相比較。
Compared to those boys，you are lucky.與那些男孩相比較，你是幸運(yùn)的。
Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its survival, and the latter will be replaced.相較于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)勢，電視單靠自身的優(yōu)勢將不足以保證它幸存下來，所以其將會(huì)被網(wǎng)絡(luò)取代。
Lily does very well in her studies, especially in physics and English. No one in our class can compare with her.莉莉?qū)W習(xí)成績很好，尤其是物理和英語，我們班沒人能和她相比。
③comparison n.比較，對照，比喻：
Its recommendations are based on detailed?comparisons?between the public and private
?sectors.建議是建立在對國營部門與私營部門進(jìn)行詳細(xì)比較的基礎(chǔ)上的。
Messi’s talents stand out in comparison with other football players.
梅西的天賦和其他足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員相比之下比較突出。
There has been a reduction in crime in our city this year; in comparison with last year, far fewer crimes were committed.今年犯罪的數(shù)量減少了。和去年比起來，犯罪數(shù)量明顯少了。
compass n.①指南針，羅盤：
—Do you think I should wear a thick coat?
—Yes, certainly. What’s more, you also need a compass.
“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該穿厚衣服嗎？”“是的，當(dāng)然了。此外，你還需要一個(gè)指南針?！?br /> It seems that pigeons have a compass inside them that tells them where they need to go. That is why they never get lost.似乎鴿子體內(nèi)有一個(gè)羅盤，羅盤告訴他們需要去哪里，拿就是為什么鴿子從來不迷路的原因。
②(常用復(fù))圓規(guī)：She drew her circle with a pair of compasses.她用圓規(guī)畫圓。
【拓展】表示“圓規(guī)”，是可數(shù)名詞，不過通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。要表示“一只(副)圓規(guī)”，可以用 a compass或a pair of compasses。
compensate v.補(bǔ)償，賠償，彌補(bǔ)：
Crusoe isn’t good enough in terms of figure, but his outstanding skill compensates for it.
克魯索的身材還不夠好，但他出色的技術(shù)彌補(bǔ)了這個(gè)不足。
Nothing can compensate for the loss of one’s health.沒有什么能彌補(bǔ)失去健康的損失。
【拓展】compensation n.補(bǔ)償，賠償，修正，補(bǔ)救辦法：
He received one year’s salary as?compensation?for loss of?office.
他得到一年的工資作為失業(yè)補(bǔ)償金。
compete v.比賽，競爭：
With globalization sweeping the world, learning foreign languages will become increasingly necessary if a country is to compete economically.隨著全球化席卷世界，如果一個(gè)國家想要在經(jīng)濟(jì)上有競爭力，學(xué)習(xí)外語變得越來越必要。
【拓展】是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“競爭”，不是“與……某人競爭”，要表示后者的意思，需借助介詞against或with，即用compete with/against sth.：
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
生活就像一次長跑，我們與他人競爭，進(jìn)而超越自我。
In the Olympic Games, they competed in the 800 meters with Australian competitors for the gold medal.在本次奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，他們與澳大利亞選手競爭800米比賽的金牌。
Several companies are competing with each other for the contrast.
幾家公司在為一項(xiàng)合同而互相競爭。
I will compete against Mary for the first prize in the competition.
在比賽中，我將與瑪麗一決高下，爭奪冠軍。
competence n.能力，勝任：
To put it simply, if you want to be a success in the business world, you need a high level of English competence.簡單地說，如果你想在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域獲得成功，你需要高水平的英語能力。
—Can you finish the difficult task in such a short time?
—No, it is beyond my competence.
“在這么短的時(shí)間里我能完成如此困難的任務(wù)嗎？”“不，它已經(jīng)超出了我的能力。”
【拓展】①competent adj.足以勝任的，有能力的，稱職的：
A competent teacher is perfectly aware that it’s not what is poured into a student that counts, but what is planted.一個(gè)稱職的老師能夠完全意識(shí)到，起作用的不是被灌輸?shù)綄W(xué)生腦子里的東西，而是能在他們腦子里扎根的知識(shí)。
Whatever we think of Ben, we have to admit that he is a highly competent man.
無論我們認(rèn)為本是一個(gè)什么樣的人，我們得承認(rèn)他很能干。
②competence的反義詞incompetence：
He was found guilty. As a consequence, he lost the job and was blamed for incompetence.他被發(fā)現(xiàn)有罪。因此丟了工作并被責(zé)備不稱職。
competition n.比賽，競爭：
He takes part in a swimming competition.他參加游泳比賽。
The man who won the competition is a college student from Peking University.
那位贏得那場競賽的男土是一位來自北大的大學(xué)生。
【拓展】competitor n.競賽者，比賽者，對手：
He defeated the other competitors and won the world title for the high jump.
他擊敗了其他競爭者，贏得了跳高世界冠軍。
The firm has better products than its competitors.公司的產(chǎn)品比其他對手的好。
compile v.編譯，編制，匯編，編輯：
Your?first?program?is?now?complete?and?ready?to?compile?and?run.?
現(xiàn)在您的第一個(gè)程序已完成，可以編譯和運(yùn)行了。
We?are?trying?to?compile?a?list?of?suitable?people?for?the?job.?
我們在努力編制一份適合做這項(xiàng)工作的人員名單。
Figures?for?October?will?take?three?to?four?weeks?to?compile.
10月份的數(shù)據(jù)需要3到4周的時(shí)間才能匯編好。
It?takes?years?of?hard?work?to?compile?a?good?dictionary.編輯一部好字典需要花費(fèi)數(shù)年的艱苦工作。
complain v.抱怨，訴苦，投/控訴，抗議：
The lecture having begun, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.演講開始了，他靜悄悄地離開座位，沒人抱怨他的離開打擾了演講者。
Our next door neighbor said he would complain about us to the police if we made any more noise.
我們隔壁鄰居說如果我們再制造更多的噪音，他就向警察投訴我們。
complaint n.抱怨，投訴，控/投訴，委屈，怨言：
The company has changed some of its working practices in response to complaints and criticism from the customers.為了回應(yīng)顧客的抱怨和批評(píng)，該公司改變了一些工作方式。
She wrote a letter of?complaint?to the manufacturer.她給生產(chǎn)商寫了一封投訴信。
The?servant?accepted?his?dismissal?without?any?complaint.那仆人毫無怨言地接受解雇。
complete adj.①完整的，完全的，整個(gè)的：
I have got a complete set of Shakespeare’s plays.我有一套莎士比亞全集。
Seat yourself until the plane has come to a complete stop.請坐好，直到飛機(jī)完全停穩(wěn)。
While his approach was a complete departure from established practices, the result was
satisfactory.雖然他的做法完全背離了既定的做法，但結(jié)果令人滿意。
②完成的，結(jié)束的：
This term is now complete.本學(xué)期到此結(jié)束。
③十足的，徹底的：The room was a complete mess.屋子里亂得一塌糊涂。
v.完成，結(jié)束：
Complete the following sentence with the correct words.用正確的詞完成下列句子。
By this time tomorrow, I will have completed the novel being written at the moment.
到明天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)完成了這部小說的寫作。
We hope the building project being carried out will be completed as soon as possible because lots of citizens are complaining about the noises.我們希望正在進(jìn)行的建筑工程能盡快完成，因?yàn)楹芏嗍忻穸荚诒г乖胍簟?br /> 【拓展】complete與finish：
①兩者都可表示“完成”，有時(shí)可通用。
②finish可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但complete不能。
③finish后可接動(dòng)名詞，complete一般不這樣用。
④當(dāng)表示通過填補(bǔ)失掉或缺陷的部分來配齊或完成，用complete，不用 finish：
I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.
我再需一張郵票就可以把我的郵票配齊了。
⑥completely adv.完整地，完全地，與否定詞連用構(gòu)成部分否定：
She hasn’t closed the door completely.她沒有把門完全關(guān)上。
complex adj.①復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的：
As we all know, the functions of our skin are very complex.眾所周知，我們皮膚的功能非常復(fù)雜。
②費(fèi)解的：His political ideas were too complex.他的政見太令人費(fèi)解。
③復(fù)合的(詞、句)：Please help me analyze the complex sentence.請幫助我分析一下這個(gè)復(fù)合句。
n.情結(jié)，建筑群，相關(guān)聯(lián)的一組事物：
The?palace?is?the?largest?and?most?complete?wooden-structure?building?complex in?the?world.?
這座宮殿是世界上最大、最完整的古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑群。
complicated adj.結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的，混亂的，麻煩的：
Cloning can lead to many complicated problems.克隆會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多復(fù)雜的問題。
【拓展】complicate v.使復(fù)雜化，使起糾紛：
He always likes to complicate simple matters.他總喜歡把簡單的事情復(fù)雜化。
component n.部分，成分，要素：
Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of good health.
友誼既是快樂的一個(gè)源泉，也是健康的一個(gè)組成部分。
adj.(作定語)組成的，構(gòu)成的：
Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的組成部分。
composition n.①作文，作品：
The teacher told the student to write a composition about his holiday.
老師叫這個(gè)學(xué)生寫一篇關(guān)于度假的作文。
Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了幾個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤，你的作文寫得很好。
②寫作，作曲：
He’s good at English composition.他善于英語寫作。
He?taught?the?piano,?organ?and?composition.他教授鋼琴、管風(fēng)琴和作曲。
③成分：
The expert points out the phenomenon that cream goes bad faster than butter stands up to its structure rather than its chemical composition.專家指出，奶油變質(zhì)的速度快于黃油的這種現(xiàn)象，歸根結(jié)底是因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，而不是它的化學(xué)成分。
comprehension n.理解，理解力：
Well, sometimes his behavior is beyond comprehension.
嗯，有時(shí)候他的行為是無法讓人理解。
What?Jock?had?done?was?beyond?my?comprehension.我無法理解喬克的所作所為。
Before I read this passage,I had no comprehension that a company might fool you into buying a product.在我看這篇文章之前，我不知道某個(gè)公司可能會(huì)騙你買某個(gè)產(chǎn)品。
Your?pronunciation,?your?sense?of?language,?your?memory?and?your comprehension?will?be
all?improved.你的發(fā)音、語感，你的記憶力、理解力都會(huì)得到提升！
comprehensive adj.綜合的，廣泛的，全面的，有理解力的，悟性好的：
His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on whatbasis, data are collected.對于如何以及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集數(shù)據(jù)，他的綜合調(diào)查提供了最清晰的說明。
The?newspaper?made?a?comprehensive?report?of?his?deeds.
報(bào)紙對他的行為做了內(nèi)容廣泛的報(bào)道。
This course is based on a project, one of whose aims is to improve the students’ comprehensive ability in English.本課程是基于一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，他的目標(biāo)之一是提高學(xué)生的英語理解能力。
compromise n.折中，妥協(xié)，讓步，和解：
Your child isn’t satisfied with what you have done to him. Maybe you should encourage him to reach a between what he wants and what you want.
你的孩子對你對他的所作所為不滿意。也許你應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他在他想要的和你想要的之間找到一個(gè)折中方案。
He had to make a compromise with her.他只好向她妥協(xié)。
We’d?like?to?reduce?the?original?offer?slightly?as?a?compromise.
作為讓步，我們可以將原報(bào)價(jià)降低一些。
Nonetheless?there?are?signs?that?both?sides?may?be?searching?for?a compromise.?
然而，有跡象表明雙方可能都在尋求和解。
v.妥協(xié)，和解，連累，危及，損害：
People objected to being charged parking, so the decision maker had to compromise.
人們反對對停車收費(fèi)，所以決策者不得不妥協(xié)。
We can not compromise with him on such terms.我們不能以這樣的條件與他和解。
Such?conduct?will?compromise?your?reputation.?這些舉動(dòng)將會(huì)損害你的名譽(yù)。
compulsory adj.①強(qiáng)迫的，強(qiáng)制的：
It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.
所有騎摩托車的人都必須戴頭盔，這是強(qiáng)制性的。
②義務(wù)的：
Many people in China are working on a “Hope Project”, helping poor children to get compulsory education.在中國，許多人正在從事一項(xiàng)“希望工程”，幫助貧困兒童接受義務(wù)教育。
③必修的：In that school, German is compulsory for all students, but English and French are optional.那所學(xué)校，德語對所有學(xué)生來說是門必修課，而英語和法語卻是選修課程。
computer n.計(jì)算機(jī)，電腦：
The computers can be programmed to do translation.經(jīng)過編程計(jì)算機(jī)可以進(jìn)行翻譯。
Hackers have created a new computer virus called Wanna Cry, which worries many computer users.
黑客創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)被稱為“Wanna Cry”的新的電腦病毒，這令許多電腦用戶擔(dān)心。
concentrate v.①全神貫注，精神集中，專心致志：
It’s high time that you concentrated on your work at hand!是該集中精力做你手邊工作的時(shí)候了。
There is too much noise outside. I can’t concentrate my attention on my book.
外面太吵鬧，我無法專心看書。
②集合，集中，集結(jié)：The troops concentrated near the station.軍隊(duì)集結(jié)在車站附近。
concept n.概念，觀念，理念，思想：
Many media seem to convey the wrong concept that being slim is being beautiful, so many teenagers are going on a diet blindly.很多媒體似乎在傳送錯(cuò)誤的概念，苗條是美，所以很多年輕人在盲目地節(jié)食。
Friendship can never be a trade; by contrast, it needs the most thorough and unprofitable concept.
友誼永遠(yuǎn)不能變成一個(gè)交易，相反，它需要最純粹最無利益的理念。
concern v. ①是……的事，對……重要，影響……，與……有關(guān)：
Don’t trouble about things that don’t concern you.不要操心那些與你無關(guān)的事。
This concerns us deeply.這事對我們影響極大。
Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, which is concerned with some heavy smokers.我們的國家已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)禁止在公共場所吸煙的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這與一些煙癮很大的人有關(guān)。
②使有關(guān)系，使參與(常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))：
Don’t concern yourself with/about other people’s affairs.別干涉他人的事。
③使擔(dān)心，使操心，使不安(常用被動(dòng)語態(tài))：
Concerned about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.因?yàn)閾?dān)心這個(gè)學(xué)生，老師打電話給他的家長想查明他經(jīng)常逃課的原因。
n.①關(guān)系，利害關(guān)系：I’ve no concern with [in] the company.我與該公司沒有任何關(guān)系。
②擔(dān)心，掛念，關(guān)懷：She showed great concern about/for you.她很為你擔(dān)心。
③關(guān)心的事，重要的事：
The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about the student’s safety at school.
這一消息震驚了公眾，引起了人們對學(xué)生在校安全的極大關(guān)注。
As the quality of the city’s air continues to give rise to concerns, the residents are encouraged to set off fewer fireworks.因?yàn)槌鞘械目諝赓|(zhì)量一直引起關(guān)注，居民被鼓勵(lì)燃放更少的煙火。
【拓展】①as/so far as+主語+ be concerned 關(guān)于，至于，就……來說：
So far as I’m concerned, you can do what you like.
就我個(gè)人而言，你喜歡做什么就做什么。
As far as I’m concerned, we should reconsider the plan carefully. Which one is wrong?
據(jù)我所知/依我看，我們應(yīng)該重新仔細(xì)考慮這個(gè)計(jì)劃，哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的？
②concerned關(guān)心的，關(guān)注的：
He?was?concerned?with?the?enhancement?of?the?human?condition.?
他關(guān)心人類生存環(huán)境的改善。
He?was?concerned,?first?for?the?people?involved?in?the?disaster,?then?for?hisbusiness.?
他很是擔(dān)心，首先為那些受災(zāi)的人，然后是他的生意。
This?aggression?is?the?real?issue?the?world?should?be?concerned?about.
這次侵略才是世界應(yīng)該關(guān)注的真正問題。
All?our?efforts?should?be?concerned?on?improving?our?living?qualities?in the future.?
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)致力于提高我們未來的生活質(zhì)量.
③concerning prep.關(guān)于，就……而言：
He heard nothing concerning this matter.關(guān)于這件事他什么都沒聽到。
Let me see all the official documents concerning the sale of this land.
讓我看看買賣這塊土地的所有官方文件。
concert n.①音樂會(huì)，演奏會(huì)：
Without the ticket you gave to me, I wouldn’t be able to go to the concert tomorrow.
沒有你給我的票，我明天就不能去聽音樂會(huì)了。
②合作，一致：
The?current?education?system?is?not?in?concert?with?the?reality.?現(xiàn)行的教育制度和現(xiàn)實(shí)并不一致。
conclude v.①結(jié)束：The story concludes with the hero’s death.這故事隨主人公死亡而告終。
He concluded by giving us some advice.他結(jié)束時(shí)給我們提了些建議。
②推斷，斷定：
The two organizations will arrange a one－year seminar and conclude it with a report on their in－depth studies and research findings.兩個(gè)組織一個(gè)年度的研討會(huì)，并就其深入研究和研究結(jié)果做出報(bào)告。
Bending down, he inspected the footprints that hadn’t been blown away in the wind, concluding that they belonged to a wolf.彎下腰來，他檢查那些沒有被風(fēng)吹走的腳印，最后斷定他們是一只狼的腳印。
conclusion n. ①結(jié)束，結(jié)尾：
I found the conclusion of her story very exciting.我覺得她那故事的結(jié)尾很激動(dòng)人心。
②結(jié)論：
He made great efforts to finish report on which to base their final conclusion.
他做了很大的努力來完成作為他們最后結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)報(bào)告。
Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.
你的結(jié)論非常有價(jià)值，它們對我很有意義。
【拓展】①注意下列有關(guān)“得出結(jié)論，推斷，斷定”的說法：
I’ve come to the conclusion that he’s not the right person for the job.
我斷定他不適合這項(xiàng)工作。
It took the jury some time reach the conclusion that she was guilty.
陪審團(tuán)花了很長時(shí)間才得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為她有罪。
We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.
從我們的討論中我們可以有把握地得出一些結(jié)論。
New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.
根據(jù)新的證據(jù)可能會(huì)推斷出我們是錯(cuò)誤的。
②in conclusion總之，最后：
I’ve talked a lot about walking. In conclusion , I want to say it is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.我談?wù)摿嗽S多關(guān)于散步的事?？傊蚁胝f的是這是一種安全快樂的鍛煉方式。
In conclusion，I’d like to say that I believe him.I’m convinced of his honesty.
最后我想說，我相信他，我對他的誠實(shí)深信不疑。
concrete adj.具體的，實(shí)在的，有形的：
These diagrams are especially helpful when we have a concrete problem to solve at hand.
如果我們手邊沒有解決的具體問題，你們這些數(shù)據(jù)就非常有用。
You have moved again? Would you please let me know your concrete address ?
你又搬家了？請你告訴我具體的地址好嗎？
condemn v.①譴責(zé)，指責(zé)：We all condemn cruelty to children.我們一致譴責(zé)虐待兒童的行為。
Any violent acts that do harm to the world peace and mankind should be seriously condemned.
任何對世界和平和人類造成傷害的暴力行為都應(yīng)被譴責(zé)。
②(官方)宣告……有缺陷或不宜使用：This house is condemned.這房子已被宣布不能住人了。
③判(其人)罪，宣告(刑罰等)：
He was condemned to life imprisonment for bank robbery.因?yàn)閾尳巽y行，他被判處終身監(jiān)禁。
④使……注定：
Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring，usually poorly-paid work.
資歷不夠使他們一輩子只能做枯燥低薪的工作。
condition n.①狀況，狀態(tài)：That depends on the condition of my health.那要看我的健康情況。
②(常用復(fù))情況，環(huán)境，形勢：
He was brought up in very difficult conditions.他是在十分困難的環(huán)境中長大的。
She was in a critical condition after the heart transplant operation when her body rejected the foreign organ.在心臟移植手術(shù)后，她的身體排斥外來器官，情況危險(xiǎn)。
③條件：
We shall take the condition which you’ve attached to this project into careful consideration.
我們將仔細(xì)考慮你們附加在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上的條件。
【拓展】①(up)on condition that如果，只要，條件是：
I will come on condition that she is invited too.如果邀請她來，那我就來。
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們在周末前歸還。
②on no condition在任何情況下都不：
On no condition should we tell her about it.在任何情況下我們都不能把此事告訴她。
③in good(poor)condition狀況/條件好(差)：
Though bought several years ago, the computer is still in good condition.
盡管已經(jīng)買了幾年，這臺(tái)電腦的狀況依然良好。
The primary school is in poor condition , which worries many parents and teachers.
這座小學(xué)條件非常差，讓許多家長和老師們非常擔(dān)心。
Linda didn’t get there on time because of the bad weather. Additionally, her car was in poor condition.由于天氣不好，琳達(dá)沒能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那。此外，她的車況不佳。
④out of condition健康狀況不好：
I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition.
我好長時(shí)間沒有鍛煉身體了，現(xiàn)在健康狀況欠佳。
⑤conditional adj.條件的，有條件的，由一定條件誘發(fā)的，其反義詞unconditional：
Their support is?conditional?on his proposals meeting their?approval.
他們的支持是以他的提案得到他們的批準(zhǔn)為條件的。
On Thanksgiving Day, you should do something to thank your parents for their
unconditional love.在感恩節(jié)，你應(yīng)該做些事情來感謝父母的無條件的愛。
conduct n.行為，品德，規(guī)則，準(zhǔn)則：
If you only focus on what a child is doing wrong, he’ll naturally oppose you, which leads to arguments and worse conduct.如果你只關(guān)注孩子做錯(cuò)了的事情，他會(huì)自然而然地抵觸你，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致爭吵和更加糟糕的行為。
He is a man of very good conduct.他品行端正。
For?Europeans,?the?law?is?a?statement?of?basic?principles?of?civilized?conduct.
對于歐洲人來說，法律是對基本文明行為準(zhǔn)則的表述。
v.①引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)：A guide conducted the visitors round the museum.導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)游客參觀博物館。
②經(jīng)營，管理：
She conducts her business very successfully.她把企業(yè)經(jīng)營得很成功。
The speed of communications today, as opposed to that of yesterday, has greatly changed the manner in which business today is conducted.與過去相比，現(xiàn)今交流速度的改變，已經(jīng)極大的改變了商業(yè)管理的方式。
③指揮(樂隊(duì))：Mr.?Green?will?conduct?the?orchestra.格林先生將指揮這支管弦樂隊(duì)。
④實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行，組織，安排：
Despite?numerous?failures,?they?continued?to?conduct?the?experiment?without?flagging.?
盡管實(shí)驗(yàn)幾次都失敗了，他們?nèi)院敛粴怵H地繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。
Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that couldn’t have been possible just a few years ago.很多公司現(xiàn)在使用人工智能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，這在幾年前是不可能的。
Could you tell me how?to?conduct?a?communicative?language?teaching?class??
你能否告訴我怎樣組織一堂交際教學(xué)課呢？
conductor n.①管理人，指導(dǎo)者，(車上的)售票員，列車員：
That passenger was very impolite to the conductor, which, of course, made things even worse.
這個(gè)乘客對乘務(wù)員不禮貌，這使得事情更糟。
②導(dǎo)演，樂隊(duì)指揮：
Look, a group of students are playing the violin there, in front of whom stands their teacher as the conductor.看，有一群學(xué)生在那里拉小提琴，他們的老師站在前面當(dāng)指揮。
③導(dǎo)體，導(dǎo)線：Wood is a poor conductor.木頭是不良導(dǎo)體。
conference n. ①(正式的)會(huì)議：
Many international conferences are held in Geneva.許多國際會(huì)議在日內(nèi)瓦舉行。
It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想起第二天早上有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。
②討論，磋商：He was busy with conferences.他忙于和人會(huì)談。
confident adj.自信的，堅(jiān)信的，確信的，有信心的：
I?am?confident?that?everything?will?come?out?right?in?time。我堅(jiān)信一切終究都會(huì)好起來。
She?is?confident?that?everybody?is?on?her?side.她確信所有人都站在她這邊。
She?is?a?confident?woman?who?is?certain?of?her?views.?
她是一位充滿自信的女性，對自己的觀點(diǎn)深信不疑。
He felt confident that he had passed the test, only to be told that he failed it.
他確信自己通過了考試及后一句卻被告知考試不及格。
【拓展】confidence信任，把握，信心：
The servant enjoyed his master’s confidence.這仆人深得主人的信賴。
We have full confidence that we shall succeed.我們完全有把握取得成功。
It’s obvious that she lacked self-confidence.顯然她缺乏自信。
Confidence helps you to take a leap of faith when it comes to going after what it is that you truly desire.當(dāng)涉及到追求你真正想要的事物的時(shí)候，信心能夠讓你充滿自信。
confidential adj.①機(jī)密的，秘密的：
—Don’t put me on the spot like this. You know can’t give you confidential information.
—Ok. That’s a pity.“別讓我這樣為難。你知道我不能給你機(jī)密信息?！薄昂冒?，太可惜了?！?br /> ②極信任的，參與機(jī)密的：
Don’t become too confidential with strangers.不要太信任陌生人。
He once served as Chairman Mao’s confidential secretary.他曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任過毛主席的機(jī)要秘書。
confirm v. ①證實(shí)，證明，確認(rèn)：
It needs yet to be confirmed.還待證實(shí)。
For sake of safety, never believe any message from an unknown number until it has been confirmed.
為了安全起見，在未知號(hào)碼確認(rèn)之前，不要相信來自它的任何消息。
②堅(jiān)定(想法、決心等)：Their advice confirmed my decision.他們的勸告更堅(jiān)定了我的決心。
【拓展】confirmation n.確認(rèn)，確定，確證：
There?is?no?formal?confirmation?so?far?that?he?is?at?liberty.?
目前還沒有正式確認(rèn)他已經(jīng)獲得人身自由。
conflict n.沖突，矛盾，抵觸：
The people in Syria have been looking forward to the day when the conflict will end.
敘利亞人民一直期待著沖突結(jié)束的那一天。
The?men?were?permitted?to?do?this?whenever?there?was?no?conflict?with?their duties.?
這些人獲準(zhǔn)可隨時(shí)做這事，只要與他們的職責(zé)不相抵觸就行。
【拓展】①in conflict with同……相沖突(有抵觸，有矛盾)：
Employees?already?are?in?conflict?with?management?over?job?cuts?
雇員已經(jīng)就裁員一事與管理層發(fā)生了爭執(zhí)。
②come into conflict with和……沖突：
The?two?companies?came?into?conflict.這兩家公司起了沖突。
v.有矛盾，不一致，有分歧，抵觸：
His account conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.
他的敘述與其他目擊者講的有矛盾。然而在我看來，他所說的有可能是真的。
Our political views conflict.我們的政治觀點(diǎn)不一致。
Personal?ethics?and?professional?ethics?sometimes?conflict.個(gè)人道德和職業(yè)道德有時(shí)會(huì)相互抵觸。
【拓展】A conflicts with B=A and B conflict A與B相沖突。
He?held?firm?opinions?which?usually?conflicted?with?my?own?
他所持的觀點(diǎn)通常與我的相左，而且很難改變。
confuse v.①使混亂，使迷惑/困惑：
What he said confused me and I was at a loss.他所說的使我困惑，我感到很茫然。
②混淆，混同，分不清：Don’t confuse Austria with/and Australia.不要把奧地利與澳大利亞弄混淆了。
congratulate v.祝賀，慶賀：
I congratulated Susan on passing her exam.蘇珊考及格了，我向她祝賀。
Both their grandparents congratulated them on their excellent results.
他們的父母都因其優(yōu)異的成績而向他們表示了祝賀。
【拓展】參看詞條celebrate。
congratulation n.祝賀，慶賀：Congratulations on your success.祝賀你取得了成功。
connect v.①連接，聯(lián)系：
That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is where many office workers spend their weekends.那條由高速公路連接市中心的歷史悠久的村莊是許多上班族周末的去處。
②相通，銜接：The two trains connect here.這兩列火車在這里銜接。
③給……接電話：The telephone operator connected us.話務(wù)員給我們接通了電話。
It is recommended that a new railway be built to connect Ningde and Quzhou in Zhejiang Province.
建議在浙江省修建一條連接寧德和衢州的新鐵路。
【拓展】connection n.
①接觸，連結(jié)：The light gets on and off because there is a loose connection.
電燈一會(huì)兒亮一會(huì)兒滅，因?yàn)榻佑|不良。
②關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)：What’s the connection between the two ideas?這兩個(gè)主意之間有何關(guān)聯(lián)？
I am writing to you in connection with your job application.
我給你寫信是和你的工作申請有關(guān)的。

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