詞匯晨讀03- 江蘇高考英語3500詞匯讀練測-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

說明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(approach—awkward)
approach v.①走近，靠近，逼近：
Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
接近市中心時，我們看到了一座高約10米的石像。
②開始考慮，開始著手：He approached the idea with caution.他開始認(rèn)真地考慮那個主意。
n.①走近，靠近：The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬天快到了，天氣要轉(zhuǎn)冷了。
②通路，入口：All approaches were blocked.所有的入口都堵塞了。
③方法，手段：
At the meeting they discussed three different approaches to the study of mathematics.
在會上，他們討論了三種不同的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法。
Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with that of their parents.十分之九的父母表示，他們教育孩子的方法與他們的父母的方法有顯著差異。
【拓展】參看詞條means, method, way。
appropriate adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的：
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.正式聚會上穿牛仔褲不合適。
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
作為一名新的外交官，他經(jīng)?？紤]如何在這種情況下做出更恰當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)。
【拓展】①后接that從句時，從句謂語通常要用“(should)+動詞原形”：
It is appropriate that he(should)be present.他應(yīng)到場才對。
②appropriateness n.適當(dāng)性，適合性：
Revising involves mixing the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing.修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和適當(dāng)性融合在一起。
③inappropriate
We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.
我們確實知道人們很擔(dān)心不恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟麄兊男畔ⅰ?br /> approve v.①贊成，贊同：
People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary?rather than based on fixed criteria.人們抱怨，決定批準(zhǔn)或拒絕許可證往往是任意的而不是基于既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
I approve of your choice.我贊成你的選擇。
I don’t approve of smoking.我不贊成抽煙。
②批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可：He approved the building plans.他批準(zhǔn)了建筑計劃。
【拓展1】①表示“贊成”、“同意”時，通常不及物，若后接賓語，通常要借助介詞of：
I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
我同意你去掙一些錢，可是請不要誤了功課。
②表示“批準(zhǔn)”時，總是及物動詞，后跟賓語時無需任何介詞：
The city council approved the building plan.市議會批準(zhǔn)了這項建筑計劃。
③“贊成某人做某事”不是approve sb to do sth，因為它是不及物動詞，不能直接跟sb.作賓語，可改說 approve of sb.’s doing sth.：
I do not approve of your going out with him.我不贊成你同他一起出去。
【拓展2】approval n.：
①贊成，同意：He showed his approval by smiling.他用微笑表示贊成。
②批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可：The mayor gave approval to the plan.市長批準(zhǔn)了這個計劃。
approximately adv.大體，大致，大約：
The questionnaire takes approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.調(diào)查問卷大約需要10到15分鐘完成，可以與評估面試一起使用。
arbitrary adj.任意的，任性的，武斷的，霸道的，專橫的，獨斷獨行的，隨心所欲的：
My choice was quite arbitrary.我的選擇相當(dāng)隨意。
I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite arbitrary.
我不知道其中涉及到的關(guān)鍵點，所以我的選擇是相當(dāng)武斷的。
This is an arbitrary decision.這是個武斷的決定。
I’m not used to your arbitrary standards.我不習(xí)慣你們那些隨心所欲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
arch n.拱廊，拱門，弓形：
The bridge has three arches.這座橋有三座拱洞。
Marble Arch is a famous London landmark.大理石拱門是著名的倫敦標(biāo)志。
v.(使)彎成弓形：
The rainbow arches the heaven.虹在天上成弓形。
The cat arches its back when it sees the dog.貓看到狗，便把背拱起。
architect n.建筑師，設(shè)計師，締造者：
He is known as a successful architect.他以成功的建筑師聞名。
A dozen ideas were considered before the chief architect decided on the design of the building.
首席設(shè)計師考慮了十幾個想法然后才決定建筑物的設(shè)計。
He was the chief architect of the country’s new economic policy.
他是制定國家新經(jīng)濟政策的總設(shè)計師。
He was one of the architects of the republic.他是這個共和國的締造者之一。
architecture n.①建筑學(xué)(術(shù))：He obtained a diploma in architecture.他獲得了建筑學(xué)的學(xué)位證書。
②建筑樣式(風(fēng)格)，建筑物：
The new house he bought was colonial architecture.他新買的房子是美國初期的建筑。
The Forbidden City is one of the world’s greatest works of architecture.
紫禁城是世界上最偉大的建筑之一。
This church is a fine example of Norman architecture.這座教堂是典型的諾曼式建筑。
③構(gòu)造，結(jié)構(gòu)：The architecture of this house is very substantial.這座房子的結(jié)構(gòu)很牢固。
Arctic adj.①北極的：the Arctic Ocean北冰洋
②極冷的：What arctic weather we are having!天氣冷極了！
area n.①面積：What’s the area of the field?這塊地面積多大？
②地區(qū)，區(qū)域：The low area is flooded very often.這低地經(jīng)常被淹。
Wild swans’ appearance in the area is a good indication of a better environment.
野天鵝在該地區(qū)的出現(xiàn)是環(huán)境改善的一個很好的標(biāo)志。
From news on education in Yunnan，we can sense that the problem of lacking resources is particularly acute in rural areas.從云南的關(guān)于教育的新聞中，我們可以感覺到在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，缺乏資源的問題特別嚴(yán)重。
③范圍，領(lǐng)域，方面：
As is expected, AI is an area where China may appear as a leading force.
正如所預(yù)料的那樣，人工智能是一個中國可能成為領(lǐng)先者的領(lǐng)域。
【拓展】表示某地的具體面積時，可用含有area的多種表達：
這個房間的面積為10平方米。
The room has an area of ten square meters.
=The area of the room is ten square meters.
=The room is ten square meters in area.
=The room covers an area of ten square meters.
argue v.爭辯，爭論，爭辯(說)，爭吵，據(jù)理力爭：
I argued that we needed a large office.我據(jù)理力爭我們需要一個大辦公室。
Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use arguing with him.
尤金從不愿意改變他的任何觀點。和他爭論沒用。
Those who argue that circus life is harmful to animals show little knowledge of these facts.
那些爭辯說馬戲團生活對動物有害的人對這些事實知之甚少。
Inviting James and Ivan to dinner on the same evening is a terrible disaster — they always argue with each other, which makes us annoyed.在同一天晚上邀請詹姆斯和伊萬真是一個災(zāi)難，因為他們總是彼此爭吵，這一點讓我們很惱火。
【拓展】argue的相關(guān)搭配：
It’s no use arguing with my husband about money.和我的丈夫爭論錢是沒有用的。
They tried to argue him into joining them in the activity.他們試圖說服他參加他們的活動。
I?don’t?want?to?argue?her?out?of?doing?that.我可不想說服她不做那件事.
But there are many people who argue for changing their jobs, they argue that change means progress.但是許多人贊成換工作，他們辯解說改變就意味著進步。
Let others argue over small things, but not you.讓別人去為小事情爭論不休，而不是你。
It is very difficult to argue against its use.想要反對使用維生素B，十分困難。
I never intended to argue on this topic of conversation.我并沒有企圖爭論誰對誰錯。
You can argue about any of these assumptions.任何假定都可以爭論。
argument n.①爭論，辯論：
After a long argument, we decided where to go for our holiday.
經(jīng)過長時間爭論，我們決定了在哪里度假。
②論點，論據(jù)，理由：There are many arguments against smoking.有許多理由反對抽煙。
【拓展】beyond argument勿容/不容/無可爭辯的：
It?is?beyond?argument?that?Japanese?militarists?had?committed?grave?crimes?against?Chinese people.日本軍國主義對中國人民犯下的滔天罪行是不容爭辯的。
arise(arose, arisen) v.
①出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生：
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
在一年前還是廢墟的地方，出現(xiàn)了許多高層建筑。
②造成，引起：Accidents can arise from carelessness.意外事件可能因疏忽而引起。
arm n.①手臂，臂狀物：He was seen walking arm in arm with a lady.有人看見他與一位女士臂挽著臂同行。
②(用復(fù)數(shù))武器，武力：Lay down your arms or we’ll fire.放下武器，不然我們就要開槍了。
v.以……裝備，武裝(起來)：The enemy is arming.敵人正在備戰(zhàn)。
armchair n.扶手椅：This armchair is made of bamboo.這個扶手椅是用竹子做成的。
army n.①軍隊，陸軍：
Without?a?people’s?army?the?people?have?nothing.沒有一個人民的軍隊，便沒有人民的一切。
The two armies fought for control of the bridge.兩軍為占領(lǐng)那座橋而戰(zhàn)。
②大群，大批：An army of ants marched across the path.一大群螞蟻浩浩蕩蕩地穿過小徑。
around adv.①在周圍，在附近：He looked around.他向四周看看。
②到處，各處：Children were playing around on the sand.孩子們在沙地上到處玩。
③環(huán)繞，繞圈：The tree measures two meters around.這樹周長2米。
④轉(zhuǎn)身：He turned around and saw her.他轉(zhuǎn)過身就看見了她。
⑤到某地方(某人家)：Come around to my place sometime.找個時間來我家玩。
prep.①在…周圍，環(huán)繞：He put his arms around her shoulders.他摟抱著她的雙肩。
②在……的各處，朝……的四處，遍及：
The boy left his toys around the room.男孩把玩具丟得滿屋都是。
③在……的附近，在…身邊：He lives somewhere around London.他住在倫敦附近。
④大約：He left his homeland around 1945.他大約在1945年離開家鄉(xiāng)。
⑤繞過，拐彎：Let’s get around the most difficult part.我們跳過最難的部分吧。
【拓展】①around?the?corner?即將來臨/到來，就快到了，就在附近：
The final examination is around the corner.期末考試即將來臨。
We believe that there are educational reforms around the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.我們相信，教育改革即將到來，它將帶來許多改善。
②around the clock全天侯，夜以繼日：
The?Bank is open?around?the?clock.那家銀行24小時營業(yè)。
③all around周圍，四圍，前后左右，四下里：
There were television crews and pressmen from?all?around?the?world.
來自世界各地的電視工作者和新聞記者齊聚一堂。
It kept on raining heavily for a whole week. As a result ,we have big floods all around our town.雨下了整整一個星期。結(jié)果，我們鎮(zhèn)上到處洪水泛濫。
arrange v.①安排，準(zhǔn)備：
He arranged time each day for watching comedy films.每天都回安排出時間來觀看喜劇電影
Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一輛車送我們?nèi)ツ莾海?br /> The secretary arranged a convenient time and space for the applicants to have an interview.
秘書為申請人參加面試安排了方便的時間和地點。
②商定，約定：We arranged with him to meet at the station.我們與他約好在車站見面。
③整理，排列：We arranged them in pairs.我們把它們成對地排好。
【拓展】①其后可接不定式，但不接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如“我已安排他去參加會議”不能譯為“I’ve arranged him to attend the meeting.”，可改為“I’ve arranged for him to attend the meeting 或I’ve arranged that he (should) attend the meeting.”
②其名詞為arrangement (常用復(fù))安排，準(zhǔn)備工作排列，整理，商定，約定：
Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.
無論她說什么，都不會對我們的安排有影響。
I’ll make arrangements for you to be met at the station.我將安排人到火車站接你。
That’s a beautiful flower arrangement.那花插得很美。
We?can?come?to?some?arrangement?over?the?price.價錢方面，我們可以商議解決.
arrest v.①逮捕，拘捕，拘留：
Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.雖然警方認(rèn)為他是嫌疑最大的人，但由于他們沒有確切的證據(jù)，所以無法逮捕他。
Stay?behind?the?tape!?Sir,?stay?back?or?I’ll?be?forced?to?arrest?you.
站到黃線后面！先生，后退，否則我不得不拘留你了。
The?main?opposition?leaders?had?been?arrested?or?put?under?house?arrest.
主要反對派領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都已經(jīng)遭到逮捕或軟禁。
②阻止：The?Federal?Reserve?took?extraordinary?actions?to?arrest?this?crisis.
美聯(lián)儲采取了非常措施阻止危機。
③吸引(注意)：An unusual noise arrested his attention.一陣不尋常的嘈雜聲吸引了他的注意。
n.逮捕，拘捕，拘留：
The?arrest?has?come?as?a?terrible?shock.這次逮捕讓人極為震驚。
She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year’s election.
雖然兩年前就已遭軟禁，她在去年的選舉中仍然是勢力強大的代表人物。
arrival n.①到來，到達：
Father had left for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
我一到倫敦，父親就出差去了，所以我沒看見他。
On(your)arrival at the hotel please wait for further instructions.到達旅館后，請聽候進一步指示。
②出現(xiàn)：The?arrival?of?the?cinema?was?once?thought?to?proclaim?the?death?of?the theater.
電影院的出現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)一度被認(rèn)為宣告了戲院的消亡。
③到達者：He was the first arrival.他是第一個到的。
arrive v.①到達，達到，抵達：
The play had already been on for quite some time when we arrived at the New Theatre.
當(dāng)我們到達新劇院時，這出戲已經(jīng)上演了一段時間。
You must arrive at the airport two hours earlier.你必須提前兩小時到達機場。
They have arrived home safe and sound.他們已平安到家。
Last night, John was answering the letters that had arrived for him during the past two weeks.
昨晚，約翰正在回過去兩周來寄給他的的信。
②來臨：The time has arrived for action.行動的時刻到了。
③達到，達成：At last we arrived at an agreement.最后我們達成了協(xié)議。
arrow n.①箭：He shot arrows one by one, but each missed.他射了一箭又一箭，但都未射中。
②箭頭，箭號：Follow the arrows for Central Station.到中心車站請按箭號走。
art n. ①藝術(shù)，美術(shù)：
Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?我們馬上去看藝術(shù)展覽好嗎？
She displayed great ardor for art.她對藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)出極大的熱心。
Language teaching is both a science and an art.語言教學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)又是一門藝術(shù)。
②技藝，技術(shù)：He is good at the art of making friends.他善于交友。
The art of painting is not easy to learn.畫畫的技藝是不容易學(xué)的。
③(用復(fù)數(shù))人文學(xué)科：Are you a Bachelor of Arts?你是文學(xué)學(xué)士嗎？
article n.①文章，論文：
One day I came across a newspaper article about an English professor at a nearby state college.
一天，我在報紙上看到一篇關(guān)于附近一所州立大學(xué)英語教授的文章。
②物品，物件，東西：The shop sells articles of all kinds.這家商店賣各種商品。
③條款，項目：articles of an agreement協(xié)議的條款
④冠詞：The word takes no article before it.這個單詞前不用冠詞。
artificial adj.①人工的，人造的：
We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.
我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強烈的影響。
This orange drink contains no artificial flavorings.這種橙汁飲品不含人工調(diào)味料。
This dress is made of artificial fibers.這件衣服是人造纖維的。
I was fitted an artificial tooth by the dentist.牙醫(yī)給我鑲了顆假牙。
②不自然的，做作的：
She welcomed us with an artificial smile on her face.她臉上掛著不自然的笑容來迎接我們。
Her artificial manner made me sick.她那裝腔作勢的樣子令我惡心。
artist n.①藝術(shù)家，美術(shù)家：
His dream of becoming an artist has been fulfilled.他成為一個藝術(shù)家的夢想實現(xiàn)了。
Finally she realized her intention of becoming an artist.最后她實現(xiàn)了當(dāng)美術(shù)家的愿望。
②藝人(如歌星，演員等)：
She also got the title of the best new artist.她還獲得了最佳新藝人的頭銜。
【拓展】artistic adj.藝術(shù)的：
I found out that I have no artistic ability at all.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我根本沒有藝術(shù)能力
as adv.①和……一樣，同樣地：
He swims fast, but I swim as fast (as him).他游泳游得快，但我也游得(他)那樣快。
②例如：I was wearing clothes for dirty work, as when gardening.
我穿著做粗活的衣服，如栽花種草時所穿的衣服。
conj.①當(dāng)……的時候：He fell asleep as he was reading.他看書時睡著了。
②一邊……一邊：He sang as he was taking a bath.他一邊洗澡一邊唱歌。
③隨著：As time passed, things seemed to get worse.隨著時間的推移，情況似乎變得更糟了。
As the months went by, I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty.
④因為，由于：As you weren’t there, I left a message.由于你不在，我留了個信兒。
⑤如同，正如，像……一樣，按照：
Do as I do.照我的樣子做。
Leave the table as it is.不要動這桌子。
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如一個單詞可以改變句子的意思那樣，一個句子也能夠改變一個段落的意思。
⑥雖然，盡管：
Young as I am, I know this well.雖然我很年輕，但這點我很清楚。
Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.他想盡了辦法也沒能打開門。
Much?as?she?likes?him?she?would?never?consider?marrying?him.盡管她喜歡他，但她并不打算嫁給他。
Child?as?she?is,?she?knows?how?to?deal?with?family?affairs.盡管她還是個孩子，她卻已經(jīng)會處理家務(wù)了。
prep.①好像，如同：He was dressed as a policeman.他打扮得像個警察。
②看作，當(dāng)作：I only said it as a joke.我說那話只是開玩笑的。
③以……身份，作為：He was famous as a scholar.作為一位學(xué)者他很著名。
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他能夠有獨立的時間。
④當(dāng)……時：As a child he was sent to six different schools.他兒時前后上過6所學(xué)校。
【拓展】①(與such, as, the same連用)像……的，凡是……的，……一類的人(物)：
He is not such a fool as he looks 他并不像看起來那樣傻。
Such men as (=Those men who) heard of him praised him.聽說過他的人都贊揚他。
②這件事，這一點：He is late, as is often the case.他遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。
③as...as 與……一樣，不但……而且(在否定句中，也可換成 so…as)：
He gets up as early as I(me).他起床與我一樣早。
She is as clever as(she is)beautiful.她既聰明又漂亮。
④as for/as to 至于：
As for the cost, that will have to be considered.至于費用，那是需要考慮的。
There is no doubt as to his honesty.對于他的誠實，那是沒有疑問的。
⑤as if/as though好像，仿佛：
What’s the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
什么聲音？聽起來好像是從樓上傳來的。
We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if we’ll have to walk.
我們錯過了公共汽車，看來我們得步行了。
They treat me as though I were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人。
I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened.
我突然聽到一頭大象在哭，好像很害怕。
⑥as well也，又：
I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.我唱自己譜曲的歌，也彈吉他。
⑦as well as也，不但……而且，和……一樣好：
They visited some factories, hospitals?as?well?as?the?school.
他們參觀了這所學(xué)校，還參觀了工廠和醫(yī)院。
You as well as he are to blame for the accident.你還有他都應(yīng)該為這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。
Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I had danced as well as her.
艾倫是一個很棒的舞蹈演員。但愿我能和她跳得一樣好。
ash n. ①灰，灰末：Don’t drop cigarette ash on the carpet.別把煙灰彈在地毯上。
②(用復(fù)數(shù))骨灰：Her ashes were scattered over the sea.她的骨灰撒在海上。
ashamed adj.慚愧的，難為情的：
You should be ashamed of your behavior.你應(yīng)該為你的行為感到羞愧。
Don’t be ashamed of making mistakes.別為犯錯誤而難為情。
I am quite ashamed to have to trouble you.真不好意思，我得要麻煩你。
【拓展】①be ashamed of sth.=對某事感到難為情，be ashamed to do sth.=不好意思(做)……的。若不定式用完成式，則表示對已做過的事感到難為情：
He was ashamed of having lied.=He was ashamed to have lied.他因說謊而感到羞愧。
②be ashamed of sb./oneself為某人/自己感到羞愧：
Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself.湯普森夫人為自己感到羞愧。
Asia n.亞洲：China is a developing country in Asia.中國是亞洲的發(fā)展中國家。
Asian adj.亞洲的，亞洲人的：
How many Asian countries have taken part in the sport meeting?有多少亞洲國家參加這次運動會？
n.亞洲人：That Asian stopped me and asked if I was Chinese.那個亞洲人攔住我，問我是不是中國人。
aside adv.在旁邊，向一邊：He stepped aside to let them pass.他往旁邊站，好讓他們過去。
【拓展】aside from除……以外：
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.除了網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機，其他一些高科技方法也越來越流行。
Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
除了是樂趣和有益的鍛煉外，游泳還是一種很有用的技能。
ask v. ①問，詢問：You must ask if you don’t know.你不懂就得問。
②請求，要求：Ask him to come early.請他早點來。
If you need any help, just ask.你若需要幫忙，盡管說。
③邀請，約請：I asked her to dinner.我請她吃飯。
【拓展】ask for請求，要求，征求，征得：
You may ask for help.你可以請求幫助。
Could I ask for your reaction to this policy?我能問一下您對這個政策的反應(yīng)嗎？
They would stop Lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking.
下課后他們會攔住利伯曼以征求他對烹飪的建議。
You needn’t ask for permission when camping in national parks in England.
在英國的國家公園露營時，你不需要征得許可。
The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before I could ask for their names.
我還沒有來得及問歸還我丟掉錢包的那對年輕的夫婦的名字，他們就離開了。
The?boss?is?not?in?a?good?mood?now;?you’d?better?not?ask?for?trouble.
老板現(xiàn)在心情不好；你最好不要自找麻煩了。
asleep adj.睡著的：He was asleep with his head on his arms.他頭枕著手臂睡著了。
Miss Harper closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.哈珀小姐閉上眼睛，假裝睡著了。
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.
有時人們很累，幾乎在任何地方都會睡著。
Her husband was sound/fast asleep.她丈夫睡得很熟。(習(xí)慣上不用 very或very much修飾)
aspect n ①方面：Deaf people are very attentive in almost every aspect of life.
聾人幾乎對生活的方方面面都很關(guān)注。
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.
基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué)課程涵蓋了算術(shù)的每一個基本方面。
②(建筑物的)方面，方位：The house has a southern aspect.這房子朝南。
③外觀，外貌，容貌：His face had an angry aspect.他面帶怒容。
assess v.估定，評定，評估：
We assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.我們時時在評估決策的利弊。
His annual income was assessed at ten thousand dollars.他的年收入估定為1萬美元。
He can quickly assess a person’s character.他可以很快地對一個人的性格作出評估。
【拓展】assessment n.評定，估定，意見，看法：
After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory.
六個月后，如果評估結(jié)果令人滿意，就該給他加薪。
What is your assessment of the situation?你對時局的看法如何？
assignment n.任務(wù)，工作，作業(yè)：
I have always completed every assignment you have given me.
我總是完成你布置給我的每一項任務(wù)。
She’s?going?to?India?on?a?special?assignment?for?her?newspaper.
她受委派到印度去執(zhí)行報社的一項特殊任務(wù)。
Can?you?finish?this?assignment?by?tomorrow?到明天你能完成這個工作嗎？
This?is?an?assignment?that?could?occupy?you?for?an?entire?semester.
這是一項可以占用你整個學(xué)期的作業(yè)。
【拓展】assign分配，指定，指派，布置：
The two large classrooms have been assigned to us.這兩間大教室分配給了我們。
They’ve assigned their best man to the job.他們指派了最優(yōu)秀的人擔(dān)任這項工作。
Our?teachers?assign?too?much?homework.我們老師布置的家庭作業(yè)太多了。
assist v.幫助，援助：
Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything.技術(shù)將起到幫助作用，但并不是萬能的。
She assisted him in correcting the proof.她幫助他做改校樣的工作。
I assisted my son with his homework.我?guī)椭鷥鹤幼鲎鳂I(yè)。
assistance n.幫助，援助：
If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
如果杜威先生在場，他會向那里的人們提供任何可能的幫助。
The plan was carried out with the assistance of foreign experts.
該計劃是在外國專家的幫助下進行的。
【拓展】come to sb.’s assistance援助/幫助某人，give assistance to給以/提供援助(幫助)：
She felt sure that all her friends would come to her assistance.
她確信她的所有朋友都會幫助她的。
The?colleges?were?founded?to?give?assistance?to?poor?scholars.?
創(chuàng)建學(xué)院的目的是給貧困的學(xué)者提供幫助。
Why not give?technical?assistance?to?Member States?and?partners;?
為什么不給會員國和合作伙伴提供技術(shù)援助昵？
assistant n.助手，助理，助教：Who is going to be his assistant?誰將當(dāng)他的助手？
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
史密斯教授和他的助手們?nèi)找岳^夜地為這個項目工作，以趕上最后期限。
adj.助理的，輔助的：She is an assistant teacher in our school.她是我們學(xué)校的助理教員。
associate v.①結(jié)交，參加，聯(lián)合：
Don’t associate with dishonest boys.不要和不誠實的孩子結(jié)交。
According to the law, all foreigners have to associate with the local police within two weeks of arrival.根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，所有外國人必須在抵達后兩周內(nèi)與當(dāng)?shù)鼐铰?lián)系。
②聯(lián)想：People always associate Hangzhou with the West Lake.提起杭州，人們就聯(lián)想到西湖。
n.同事，伙伴，合伙人：
A?former?associate?of?Mr.?Pierce’s?was?among?the?project’s?supporters.
皮爾斯先生的一個前合伙人是這個計劃的支持者之一。
【拓展】adj.副的，聯(lián)合的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的：
He?will?continue to work for the?firm?as?a?special?associate?director.?
他將作為特別副經(jīng)理繼續(xù)為該公司工作。
association n.①協(xié)會，社團：
The Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries was established in May 1954.中國人民對外友好協(xié)會成立于1954年5月。
②合伙，交際，交往：I benefited much from my association with him.我和他結(jié)交受益匪淺。
③聯(lián)合，聯(lián)系，聯(lián)盟：
We’ll?work?in?association?with?a?number?of?local?companies?to?raise?money?for?the?homeless.?
我們要與本地一些公司聯(lián)合為無家可歸的人籌款。
The power of words lies in their association with the ideas and objects in the objective world.
文字的力量在于他們在客觀世界中與思想和事物的聯(lián)系。
assume v.①假定/如，以為，想當(dāng)然：
Assuming that we can’t get the necessary equipment，we will have to give up the experiment.
假如我們不能得到需要的設(shè)備，我們將不得不放棄這個實驗。
He assumed that all men were equal at birth.他認(rèn)為所有人出生時都是平等的。
He’s not such a fool as you assumed him to be.他并非你所以為的那樣愚蠢。
Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
哪兒的失業(yè)率高，哪兒的犯罪率就高，可以認(rèn)為前者是導(dǎo)致后者的原因。
②擔(dān)任(職務(wù)等)，承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等)，帶有(某性質(zhì)等)，采用(某形式等)，采?。?br /> The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.物質(zhì)的運動總是表現(xiàn)為一定的形式。
I admit I made a lot of mistakes in the work, and I will assume responsibility for them.
我承認(rèn)我在工作中犯了許多錯誤，我會為他們承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
Whoever is in charge of the mining company will assume the responsibility for safety accidents.
負(fù)責(zé)礦業(yè)公司的人將承擔(dān)安全事故的責(zé)任。
If you assume a negative attitude and complain all the time, whoever works with you is going to feel the same way.如果你采取一種消極的態(tài)度，總是抱怨，和你一起工作的人也會有同樣的感覺。
assumption n.假設(shè)，想當(dāng)然：
We are working in the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
我們假定每一個應(yīng)邀者都會到場。
Try?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the assumption you’ve made.
要試著去弄清事實，而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。
assure v.向……保證，擔(dān)保，使……確信：
Tom assured his boss that he would call forth all his energies in doing this new job.
湯姆向老板保證他會全力以赴做好這份新工作。
I apologize if I had offended you, but I assure you that it was unintentional.
如果我冒犯了你，我抱歉，但是我向你保證我不是故意的。
【拓展】assurance保證，擔(dān)保，確信，自信：
I have full assurance of his honesty.我完全相信他的誠實。
He gave me a definite assurance that the repairs would be finished tomorrow.
他給我確切保證，修理將于明日完工。
They were waiting with assurance for me to discover the truth for myself.
他們自信地等待我自己發(fā)現(xiàn)事實真相。
astonish v.使驚訝：
His words astonished everybody.他的話使大家感到驚訝。
I was astonished at /by the loud sound.我被那巨大的聲音嚇了一跳。
【拓展】①astonishment n.驚訝：
They all stared with astonishment.他們?nèi)俭@訝地瞪著眼。
To our astonishment, they arrived on time.使我們驚訝的是，他們準(zhǔn)時到了。
They heard him give a loud shout of astonishment.他們聽見他驚奇地大叫一聲。
②astonishing令人吃驚的，表示事物所具有的特征或性質(zhì)；astonished感到吃驚的，表示人的心理感受：
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.
這里有一個令人吃驚的而重要的事實：僅僅腦力勞動是不能使我們疲勞的。
It is believed that if an event is astonishing, it will surely astonish the readers.
人們認(rèn)為如果一個事件是令人驚訝的，它一定會使讀者吃驚。
We?were?all?astonished?at?the?unexpected?news.
聽了這個突如其來的消息，我們都十分詫異。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座廟仍然還是原來的狀況。
astronaut n.宇航員，太空員：My son’s dream is to be an astronaut.我兒子的理想是當(dāng)宇航員。
astronomy n.天文學(xué)：Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun, moon, and stars and other heaven bodies.
天文學(xué)是研究太陽、月亮、星星和其他天體的科學(xué)。
at prep.①(表示地點、場所、活動等)在：
I saw him sitting at the window.我看見他坐在窗戶邊。
Everybody, we begin at page 50 today.各位，我們今天從第50頁開始。
②(表時間、年齡等)在：
What were you doing at that time?當(dāng)時你在干什么？
He got married at(the age of)36.他36歲時結(jié)的婚。
③(表目標(biāo)、方向等)對，向，朝：
He looked at her curiously.他好奇地看著她。
Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲門。
④(表從事)做，忙于，正在：
He was at dinner when I came.我來時他正在吃飯。
She?never?talks?at?table.她在吃飯時從不說話.
⑤(表原因)因為：
At the news he became excited.一聽到這消息，他變得很激動。
She was delighted at the chance.她很高興有這個機會。
⑥(表價格、數(shù)量、速度等)以：
He sells the cloth at a dollar a yard.他以每碼1美元的價格賣布。
It flies at(the speed of)0 km a second.它以每秒10公里的速度飛行。
⑦在(某方面)：She is quick at learning languages.她學(xué)語言學(xué)得很快。
He is a genius at maths.他是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的天才。
athlete n.運動員：an all-round athlete 全能運動員
【拓展】athletic adj.運動的，體育的：
Athletic sports are good to the health.體育運動有益健康。
It is wise to warm up before an athletic event.體育賽事之前做熱身運動是明智的。
Atlantic adj.大西洋的：the Atlantic (Ocean)大西洋
atmosphere n.①(連用the)大氣(層)：The atmosphere has been damaged by man.人類已破壞了大氣。
②(用單數(shù))(某地的)空氣：The atmosphere is very stuffy in here. Can we open a window?
這里的空氣很悶，我們打開一扇窗戶好嗎？
③(用單數(shù)) (抽象的)氣氛/氛圍，環(huán)境：
Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
彩色雨傘為夏日街道增添了一種活潑的氣氛。
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their
work.公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工享受他們工作的樂趣。
At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers.
在影子嶺，我們努力為露營者營造一個充滿愛心、關(guān)懷的家庭氛圍。
atom n.①原子：Everything on the earth is made up of atoms.地球上的一切東西都是由原子構(gòu)成的。
②微粒，微量：The vase was broken to atoms.花瓶被敲得粉碎。
【拓展】atomic adj.原子的，原子能的，原子武器的，極微的：
The Second World War brought the atomic bomb into being.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)使原子彈產(chǎn)生。
Our first atomic reactor was built in 1958.我們第一個原子反應(yīng)堆建于1958年。
attach v.貼上，系上，拴上，使……附屬于：
The tourist attached labels to all his bags.旅游者把他的行李都貼上標(biāo)簽。
One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, giving me best wishes.一天，當(dāng)我打開書本的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了附在第一頁上一張漂亮的卡片，給了我最好的祝福。
I’ll attach my comments to this page.我將把我的評語附在這頁上。
The normal school has a primary school attached to it.這所師范學(xué)校有一所附屬小學(xué)。
The hospital is attached to that university.這所醫(yī)院附屬于那所大學(xué)。
【拓展】①attach importance to對……重視：
My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
我的父母親很重視讓我得到良好的教育。根據(jù)句意說明B正確。
②attachment附件，附屬物，依戀，依附：
Mother?and?child?form?a?close?attachment.母子情深。
When?you?send?an?e-mail?you?can?also?send?a?sound?or?graphic?file?as?an attachment.?
在發(fā)送電子郵件時，你也可以附上一份聲音或圖片文件。
She?has a?great?attachment?to?her?sister.她十分依戀她的姐姐.
attack v.①攻擊，進攻，攻擊，襲擊：
Most dogs will not attack people if they are left alone.
大多數(shù)狗如果讓它單獨呆著不會攻擊人。
We decided to attack at night.我們決定夜晚進攻。
I was suddenly attacked from behind.我突然被人從后面襲擊。
②(疾病等)侵襲，侵害：He has been attacked by/with diseases for ten years.10年來他一直病魔纏身。
n.①進攻，攻擊：
Fearing further attacks from the enemy, most of the population in the area chose to abandon their hometown.由于害怕敵人的進一步進攻，該地區(qū)的大多數(shù)人選擇放棄他們的家鄉(xiāng)。
We defended him against attack.我們使他免受攻擊。
②發(fā)病，(病)發(fā)作：
Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
吸煙會增加心臟病發(fā)作和其他健康問題的風(fēng)險。
attain v.①獲得，實現(xiàn)：He attained his goal(s)at last.他終于實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)。
②到達(場所、年齡等)：
Soon we attained the top of a mountain.我們不久就到了山頂。
India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.
經(jīng)過一段漫長的斗爭，印度于1947年獲得了獨立。
【拓展】①attainment達到，成就，造詣，學(xué)識：
That will help lead you to the attainment of your goals.那會有助于你達到目標(biāo)。
The attainment of wealth did not make her happy.獲得財富并沒有使她幸福。
You may well have to forego wealth and power if you want to assure the attainment of happiness and freedom.如果你想要確?？鞓放c自由的獲得，你可就得放開財富與權(quán)力。
Prof. Thomson is one scholar of the highest attainment.
湯姆生教授是一位學(xué)識淵博的學(xué)者。
②attainable可達到的，可獲得的：
Our?goal?is?attainable.我們的目標(biāo)是可以達到的。
attempt v.試圖，嘗試，努力：
He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight
他穿過那層樓，揮舞著雙臂，像一只小鳥在嘗試第一次飛行
The prisoner attempted to escape/escaping but failed.犯人企圖逃跑，但沒成功。
A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted murder last night.
一名男子因昨晚謀殺未遂而受到詢問。
n.企圖，試圖，努力，嘗試：
He failed in his attempt to finish/at finishing it in time.他企圖要及時完成它，卻失敗了。
It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.這是一種處理一系列重要主題的嘗試。
You?should?make?an?attempt?to?resolve?this?problem,?otherwise?you?would?regret.?
你應(yīng)該試著解決一下這個問題，否則你會留有遺憾的。
attend v.①出席，參加：
He didn’t attend the meeting.他沒有出席會議。
Children must attend school between 5 and 16.5至16歲的孩子必須上學(xué)。
Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?你今晚能來參加我的生日聚會嗎？
②看護，照料，護理，服侍，處理：
You’re going out? But who will attend to the baby?你要出去嗎？那誰來照料這嬰兒昵。
She attended to the wounded soldiers.她護理著受傷的戰(zhàn)士。
—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not, for I have something important to attend to.
“你愿意加入跟我們一起游戲嗎？”“恐怕不行，因為我有重要的事情要處理?！?br /> ③專心，注意：Attend to your work and stop talking.專心工作，不要說話。
Attend to what your teacher says.注意聽老師的話。
【拓展】attendance出席，出席人數(shù)，出席率：
There was a large attendance at the Fair.出席這次交易會的人數(shù)很多。
The attendance of this class never dropped off.這個班的出席率從未下降。
attention n.①注意，關(guān)心：
May I have your attention, please?請各位注意。
When the ladies started to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of attention.
當(dāng)女士們開始戴上紅帽子時，他們吸引了很多注意力。
The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which had been placed under the Minister car.警察的注意力突然被一個放在部長車下面的小盒子吸引住了。
The?officer?ordered?the?men?to?stand?at?attention.?官要求所有的人員立正。
②照料，護理，治療：He received attention at the hospital.他在醫(yī)院接受治療。
【拓展】①在pay attention to, give attention to, bring attention to等短語中的to是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞：
While?speeding?up?work?on?the?project,?we?must?pay?attention?to?ensuring?its?quality.?
在加快工程進度的同時，必須注意質(zhì)量。
He gives all his attention to making money.他的注意力完全集中在賺錢上。
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.在比較不同的文化時，我們往往只注意不同的文化，而不注意許多相似之處。
②fix/focus one’s attention on把注意力集中于/到：
With?so?many?things?to?be?worried?about,?he?couldn’t?focus?his?attention?on?study.?
他有這么多擔(dān)心的事，無法把注意力集中到學(xué)習(xí)上來。
③attentive adj.注意的，留神的，關(guān)心的：
He was attentive to his duty.他忠于職守。
Please be more attentive to your studies.請更加專心學(xué)習(xí)。
attitude n.①態(tài)度，看法：
Her attitude to/towards me has changed.她對我的看法改變了。
Don’t take that attitude with me.別用這種態(tài)度對我。
②姿勢：He sat in an easy attitude.他舒適地坐著。
【拓展】不要跟“altitude高度，海拔高度”想混淆。
attract v.吸引，引起，引誘：
He shouted to attract attention.他高聲喊叫以引起人們注意。
Babies are attracted to bright colors.嬰兒喜歡鮮艷的顏色。
Thousands of foreigners were attracted to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
成千上萬個外國朋友被吸引來參加世博會開幕式。
attraction n.①吸引(力)，魅力：
She felt a strong attraction to him.她感到他(對她)有強烈的吸引力。
Part of the?attraction?is Darwin’s proximity to Asia.??
達爾文市的魅力一部分在于它靠近亞洲。
②有吸引力的人或物，可引申為“勝地，景點”：
The?small?Ohio?city?where?it?was?filmed?is?a?tourist?attraction.?
該片拍攝所在地的那座俄亥俄州小城成了旅游景點。
The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
長城是一個著名的旅游勝地，每年有數(shù)百萬人涌入。
One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.這份工作最吸引人的是薪水高。
【拓展】“A have attraction for B”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是A對B有吸引力或誘惑力，即B喜歡A，而不是其相反：Money and women had no attraction for him.他不為金錢和美女所動。
attractive adj.迷人的，有吸引力的：
Her dark eyes are very attractive.她的黑眼睛很迷人。
It seems all the activities you offer are attractive and meaningful.
你提供的所有活動似乎都很有吸引力和意義。
The man is reading a book, whose cover is very attractive.
這位男士正在讀一本書，書的封面很吸引人。
【拓展】attractiveness n.吸引力，魅力：
Red?skin?color?contributes?greatly?to the?attractiveness?of the?fruit.
果皮紅色在很大程度上能增進果實的吸引力。
audience n.觀眾，聽眾：
Not until the end of the performance did the audience get the chance to take photos with the respectable actor.直到表演結(jié)束，觀眾們才有機會和這位受人尊重的演員合影。
【拓展】用作主語時，謂語可用單數(shù)(視為整體)或復(fù)數(shù)(視為個體)：
The audience is/are listening attentively.聽眾都在聚精會神地聽著。
aunt n.伯母，舅母，嬸，姑，姨：
She has no relations besides an aged aunt.她除了有一個年老的伯母以外，再沒有親戚了。
My elder sister had a baby last month, so I am an aunt now.
我姐姐上個月生了孩子，所以我現(xiàn)在是阿姨了。
authentic adj.①可信的，可靠的，確實的：
They demanded to be shown the authentic documents.他們要求出示真實可靠的文件。
I?had?obtained?the?authentic?details?about?the?birth?of?the?organization.?
我已經(jīng)掌握了有關(guān)該組織誕生的可靠的詳細(xì)資料。
②真的，真正的：
She?has?authentic?charm?whereas?most?people?simply?have?nice?manners.
她散發(fā)出真正的魅力，而大多數(shù)人只是舉止優(yōu)雅而已。
author n.作者，作家：
The book was translated without the permission of the author.這本書未經(jīng)作者許可就給翻譯了。
Doris Lessing, an author who has had a fascinating life, lived in Iran until she was five before moving to Zimbabwe.多麗絲·萊辛是一位經(jīng)歷過非凡生活的作家，她在五歲之前都在伊朗居住，然后才移居津巴布韋。
authority n.①權(quán)力，權(quán)威，職權(quán)：
The leader must be a person of authority.領(lǐng)袖必須是有權(quán)威的人。
We have the authority to search the building.我們有權(quán)搜查這座建筑物。
②(常用復(fù))有權(quán)力發(fā)號施令的人或團體，當(dāng)局，官方：
The health authorities are investigating the matter.衛(wèi)生局正在調(diào)查此事。
The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year,
hasn’t it?
有關(guān)當(dāng)局一定會在明年實施更嚴(yán)格的交管措施確保交通安全，是吧？
③權(quán)威，專家：We see him as an authority on the subject.我們把他看作為這方面的權(quán)威。
④權(quán)威著作，可靠出處：What’s your authority for your statement?你的說法出處何在?
automatic adj.自動的，機械的：
Every savings bank is installed with an automatic warning device.
每個銀行儲蓄所里都設(shè)有自動報警裝置。
The heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control.
旅館里的取暖系統(tǒng)是自動調(diào)溫的。
Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime scene. 現(xiàn)在，計算機電源允許自動搜索指紋文件，以匹配犯罪現(xiàn)場的指紋。
If there were no automatic washing machines, people would have to wash their clothes by hand or with hand-operated machines.如果沒有自動化洗衣機，人們就不得不用手或者用手操作的機器來洗衣服。
Robots can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one after completing one specific task, and this is where automatic machines differ. 機器人可以通過計算機重新編程，在完成一項特定任務(wù)后，再執(zhí)行另一項任務(wù)，這就是自動機器的不同之處。
【拓展】automatically adv.自動地：
Machine translation is a technology that automatically translates text from one language to another.機器翻譯是一種自動地從一種語言翻譯到另一種語言的技術(shù)。
If you smoke a cigarette every day, you will automatically become addicted to smoking.
如果你每天吸一支煙，你會自動的吸煙上癮。
autonomous adj.自治的，有自治權(quán)的，自主的：
Each of the U.S. states has an autonomous government.美國的每個州都有一個自治政府。
He comes from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.他來自廣西壯族自治區(qū)。
This?African?country?has?become?independent?and?autonomous.?
這個非洲國家已經(jīng)獨立自主了。
autumn n.秋天，秋季：It’s been one of the coldest autumns for years.這是多年來最冷的一個秋天。
【拓展】表示“秋天”的還有fall。
available adj.①可得到的，可利用的，有效的：
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
Sometimes the best is not available to us, and we just settle for the existing situation.
有時我們得不到最好的，我們只能滿足于現(xiàn)狀。
There are plenty of jobs available in the western part of the country.
這個國家的西部有很多工作機會。
This is the only available room.只剩這個房間可用了。
These tickets are available for one month.這些票有效期一個月。
②有空的：The lawyer is not available now.律師現(xiàn)在沒空。
avenue n.①大道，林陰道，大街：
Sean has formed the habit of jogging along the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
肖恩已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了一個每天沿著林蔭小道慢跑兩個小時的習(xí)慣。
②途徑，手段：Books are avenues to knowledge.書是通向知識的途徑。
Without the Internet, those who are disabled would have fewer avenues to meet people outside.
倘若沒有因特網(wǎng)，那些殘疾人與外界溝通的途徑就會減少。
average n.①平均，平均數(shù)：
An average of 10 students are absent each day.平均每天有10個學(xué)生缺席。
The?amount?of?snow?this?year?has?been?below/above?average.今年的降雪量低/高于平均水平。
She runs on average about 15 miles a day every day, whatever the circumstances.
不管環(huán)境如何，她每天平均跑15英里。
②一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
Tom’s work at school is above(the)average, Jim’s is below(the)average and Jack’s is up to(the)average.湯姆的學(xué)習(xí)成績屬于中上水平，吉姆的學(xué)習(xí)成績屬中下水平，杰克的學(xué)習(xí)成績屬中等水平。
adj.①平均的，中等的：
Average temperatures in July range from 15 to 25 degrees.
七月平均氣溫在15到25度之間。
②平常的，普通的：He is just an average student.他只是個普通的學(xué)生。
Jerry is only an average boy, so don’t expect too much from him.
杰瑞只是一個普通的男孩，所以從他那里沒有期盼太多。
【拓展】v.平均，均分：He averages two trips a year.他平均每年旅游兩次。
avoid v.避免，回避，躲避：
The accident which left 15 people on board dead could have been avoided if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.如果憤怒的女乘客和巴士司機保持冷靜，這起導(dǎo)致15人死亡的事故本來是可以避免的。
I think she is avoiding me.我想她是在躲著我。
You’d better avoid mentioning her wife’s disease since he is very sad.
你最好避免提到他妻子的病情，因為他很難過。
To avoid being confused, the team wore different-coloured uniforms.
為了避免混淆，隊員們穿著不同顏色的制服。
【拓展】avoidable adj.可以避免的，unavoidable adj.不可避免的：
The?tragedy?was?entirely?avoidable.?那場悲劇是完全可以避免的。
Most students study because it’s unavoidable. By contrast, there are students who actually enjoy it.大多數(shù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都是迫不得已(大多數(shù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)是因為這是不可避免的)。相比之下，有一些學(xué)生是真的喜歡學(xué)習(xí)。
awake(awoke, awoken)
v.醒來，喚醒，弄醒：
I usually awake early.我通常醒得很早。
The noise awoke me.那聲音把我吵醒了。
That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had to face up with the challenge of getting things fixed.那個漏水的水龍頭不知怎么地喚醒了我，讓我意識到我現(xiàn)在不得不面對修理東西的挑戰(zhàn)。
adj.醒的，清醒的：
—Why do you drink so much coffee?
—Well, as long as it doesn’t keep me awake in the night, I see no harm in it.
句意：“你為什么喝那么多咖啡？”“咳。只要它不讓我在夜間醒來，我看不出有什么害處?！?br /> Are you fully awake to the danger you’re in?
你充分意識到你自己所處的危險了嗎？
【拓展】①用作動詞時，相當(dāng)于wake up，但本身通常不與副詞up連用。
②用作形容詞時，只用作表語，不作定語；要表示“完全醒著”，不用very修飾，而用 wide, fully, thoroughly等修飾：
I was wide awake then.我當(dāng)時完全是醒著的。
award n.獎(品)，獎勵：
The film won an Oscar award for 1985.這部電影獲1985年奧斯卡金像獎。
John accepted the championship award on behalf of the team.約翰代表球隊接受了冠軍獎勵。
Because of her excellent work she was given many awards.由于她出色的工作，她獲得了許多獎項。
v.①頒發(fā)，發(fā)給，授予：
In recognition of the city’s contributions to improving habitat and urban environment, Xuzhou was awarded the “United Nation Habitat Award” in 2018.為表彰徐州市為改善人居環(huán)境和城市環(huán)境做出的貢獻，徐州市于2018年榮獲“聯(lián)合國人居獎”。
②判給(賠償)：The court awarded him damages of $5000.法庭判給他5000美元賠償費。
aware adj.發(fā)覺的，意識到的，察覺的，明白的：
They seemed not to be aware of what was happening around.
他們似乎沒有意識到周圍正在發(fā)生的事情。
I don’t think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
我認(rèn)為人們并不真正明白這要花多少錢。
Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.應(yīng)該讓人人都知道其中的風(fēng)險。
As you’re aware, this is not a new problem.正如你所了解的，這不是一個新問題。
【拓展】awareness認(rèn)識，覺察，意識：
There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人們普遍認(rèn)識到吸煙有害健康。
Youth glided past without our awareness.青春在我們不知不覺中逝去。
He had no awareness of his mistakes.他沒有意識到自己的錯誤。
The bus accident in Chongqing has aroused people’s awareness that the bus takes on
bad-tempered passengers.重慶公交事故引起了人們對公交車乘客脾氣暴躁的認(rèn)識。
away adv.①離開，不在：He is away on holiday.他外出度假了。
②(距)……遠(yuǎn)：
The station is two kilometers away.車站離此兩公里遠(yuǎn)。
My birthday is two months away.我的生日還有兩個月。
③……掉，到別處：Don’t throw the box away.別把盒子扔掉。
【拓展】與某些表示運動的動詞(如 run, walk, go, rush, ride, drive, move 等)連用，相當(dāng)于off：
He rushed away(=off).他跑開了。
awful adj.①可怕的，嚇人的：It was an awful accident.那是一次可怕的事故。
Many awful facts have shown that it is totally wrong to ignore environmental protection when we develop economy.許多可怕的事實表明，當(dāng)我們發(fā)展經(jīng)濟時忽視環(huán)境保護是完全錯誤的。
②(口語)極差的，糟糕的：That’s an awful book.那是一本很糟糕的書。
adv.(口語)非常，極其：I’m awful glad you came.你來了，我非常高興。
awkward adj. ①笨拙的，不靈活的，不熟練的：I was always an awkward dancer.我跳舞一向笨手笨腳的。
②使用不便的，不當(dāng)?shù)模?姿勢)別扭的：
Can’t you do something about the handle of this ax? It’s awkward to use.
難道你不能處理一下這把斧頭的手柄嗎？它用起來不順手。
I must have slept in an awkward position. I’m aching all over!
我睡覺的時候，一定是睡姿不當(dāng)，因為我現(xiàn)在渾身疼痛。
③造成尷尬(困難、不便)的，感到尷尬(難為情、不好意思)的：
He came to visit us at an awkward time.他在我們很不方便的時候來了。
When my new colleagues asked me about my child, I felt very awkward as I was still a single woman.當(dāng)我的同事問我孩子的事情時，我感覺很尷尬，因為我還單身呢。根據(jù)句意說明A正確。
【拓展】awkwardness n.尷尬：
She?forced?a?smile?to?cover?up?her?awkwardness.
她強擠出了一絲微笑來掩飾自己的尷尬。