說(shuō)明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(I—justify)
I pron.(人稱代詞)我：
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, the more confused I became.起初我以為我明白了老師所說(shuō)的，但他越解釋我就越困惑了。
ice n.①冰：Her hands were as cold as ice.她的手像冰一樣冷。
②一份冰淇淋：Two ices, please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩份冰淇淋。
ice-cream n.冰淇淋：Will you take some ice-cream?你吃冰淇淋嗎？
I want a strawberry ice-cream.我要一份草莓冰淇淋。
idea n.①點(diǎn)子，主意，想法，意見，思想，概念：
David is getting on well with his boss—he can always come up with a new idea for pleasing the boss.
大衛(wèi)和他的老板相處得很好——他總能想出取悅老板的新點(diǎn)子。
What is the central idea of the story?這個(gè)故事的中心思想是什么？
②打算，計(jì)劃：I have an idea for a new book.我打算寫一本新書。
③了解，明白：You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我有多著急！
【拓展】表示“做某事的想法”或“想做某事”，其后接of doing sth，不接不定式：
I am excited at the idea of going abroad.我對(duì)出國(guó)這個(gè)想法感到很激動(dòng)。
ideal n.理想，典范，典型，高尚的、有價(jià)值的原則或目標(biāo)：
There will be an endless power of youth supporting the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation so long as the younger generation of the country has ideals , pursuits and shoulders.只要年輕一代有理想、有追求、有擔(dān)當(dāng)，就有源源不斷的青年力量支持中華民族偉大復(fù)興。
In?ancient?Greece?an?egg-shaped?face?was?the?ideal?of?female?beauty.在古希臘鵝蛋臉是女性美的典范。
adj.想像的，理想的，最合適的：
British Broadcasting Corporation, known as BBC, is an ideal radio station for those who need improving their listening.英國(guó)廣播公司，被稱為BBC，對(duì)于那些需要提高聽力的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)理想的廣播電臺(tái)。
identify v.①識(shí)別，認(rèn)出，確定/認(rèn)，找出，辨認(rèn)：
I?cannot?identify?this?signature.我識(shí)別不出這是誰(shuí)的簽字。
The police?have?already?identified?around?10?murder?suspects.警方已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了約10名謀殺案疑兇。
Wherever?you?are,?I?can?identify?you?in?the?crowd.無(wú)論你在哪里，我都能一眼在人群中認(rèn)出你。
There was snow everywhere so that the shapes of things were difficult to identify.
到處都是雪，所以東西的形狀很難辨認(rèn)。
②表明……的身份：His accent identified him as a Frenchman.他的口音表明他是法國(guó)人。
③認(rèn)為……等同于：You should not identify wealth with happiness.你不應(yīng)該把財(cái)富與幸福等同起來(lái)。
【拓展】identification n.鑒定，辨認(rèn)，確認(rèn)，確定，身份證明：
Each product has a number for easy identification.每件產(chǎn)品都有號(hào)碼以便于識(shí)別。
The early identification of children with special educational needs is very important.
早期確認(rèn)兒童有特殊教育需求很重要。
A valid identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of
China.你從中國(guó)銀行購(gòu)買外幣的時(shí)候，需要有效的身份證。
identity n.①相同，一致：
The identity of those two criminals was beyond question.那兩名罪犯毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)就是同一人。
②身份：Please show your identity card.請(qǐng)出示您的身份證(ID)
Now that the police know the killer’s identity, they are getting close to catching him.
警方既已掌握了這名殺手的身份，要將他逮捕歸案也就指日可待了。
③(區(qū)別人或群體的)個(gè)性或特征：
After years of performing, he felt that in some ways he had lost his identity.
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的表演，他覺(jué)得在某些方面他已經(jīng)失去了自己的個(gè)性。
idiom n.①習(xí)語(yǔ)，成語(yǔ)，慣用語(yǔ)：
Have you thought of a situation where this idiom can be used?
你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)在什么情況下可以使用這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)?
②語(yǔ)言用法：This expression is against idiom.這一表達(dá)方式不合乎語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。
if conj.①如果，假如：
He asked whether they would hold the meeting if it rained the next day.
他問(wèn)如果第二天下雨他們是否舉行會(huì)議。
②是否：She asked if that was enough.她問(wèn)那是否夠了。
【拓展】①even if 即使，縱使：
We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times.即使失敗十次，我們也不會(huì)放棄。
②as if好像，似乎：She looks as if she has been on holiday.看她那樣子，好像放假了。
③if only但愿，要是……就好了：If only it would stop raining.真希望雨能停下來(lái)。
ignore v.不理睬，忽視/忽略：
She’s all alone here, and it seems rather unkind to ignore her.
她一個(gè)人在這里，不理睬她似乎很不友善。
Ignoring the difference between the two findings is one of the worst mistakes you’ve made.
忽視這兩個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)之間的差異是你犯過(guò)的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。
They?completely?ignore?these?facts?as?if?they?never?existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它們不存在似的。
【拓展】ignorance無(wú)知，愚昧：
I am embarrassed by my complete?ignorance?of?history.我對(duì)歷史一無(wú)所知，這讓我很難堪。
He?acted?in?ignorance?of?basic?procedures.他對(duì)基本程序一無(wú)所知就行動(dòng)了。
Fear always springs from ignorance.恐懼源于無(wú)知。
ill adj.①有病的，不健康的：She fell ill/was taken ill suddenly.她突然病了。
②不好的，惡意的：
Prisoners?have?complained?of?ill?treatment.犯人們抱怨受到了不好的待遇。
He?says?that?he?bears?no?ill?feelings?towards?Johnson.他說(shuō)他對(duì)約翰遜并無(wú)惡感。
adv.壞，不利地，令人不滿地：
You should not speak ill of your friend.你不應(yīng)該說(shuō)你朋友的壞話。
Nobody likes to be spoken ill of.沒(méi)人喜歡別人說(shuō)自己的壞話/沒(méi)人喜歡被別人說(shuō)壞話。
illegal adj.不合法的，非法的：
It has been revealed that some leaders abuse their authority and position to get illegal profits for
themselves.據(jù)透露，一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)濫用權(quán)力和職位為自己獲取非法利益。
【拓展】legal法律的，合法的，法定的，法律(上)的：
She started out on her legal career in 1963.她于1963年干起了法律這一行。
What?I?did?was?perfectly?legal.?我所做的絕對(duì)合法。
We?engage?you?as?a?legal?adviser.我們聘請(qǐng)你當(dāng)法律顧問(wèn)。
illness n.疾病：My mum’s letters really encouraged me throughout my illness.
在我生病期間媽媽的來(lái)信真的自始至終鼓勵(lì)著我。
Cancer is a serious illness.癌癥是重病。(習(xí)慣上不用heavy來(lái)說(shuō)明illness)
illustrate v.加插圖于，說(shuō)明，解釋，闡明，表明……真實(shí)：
He?has?illustrated?the?book?with?black-and-white?photographs.他為那本書配了一些黑白照片插圖。
The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to illustrate the point.
老師在黑板上寫了一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。
The?following?tale?will?clearly?illustrate?this?point.接下來(lái)的故事將清楚地闡明這一點(diǎn)。
【拓展】illustration n.插圖，說(shuō)明，例證，圖解：
The?marginal?illustration?is?very?interesting.頁(yè)邊的插圖很有趣。
To?give?a?definition?of?a?word?is?more?difficult?than?to?give?an?illustration?of?its use.?
給一個(gè)詞下定義要比舉例說(shuō)明它的用法困難得多。
Perhaps?the?accompanying?illustration?will?explain?it.可能所附的圖解能對(duì)此作出解釋。
image n.形象，圖像，影像：
China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.
中國(guó)的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國(guó)家認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用。
Studies have explored how dogs categorize and discriminate between different images.
研究探索了狗狗們?nèi)绾畏诸惡蛥^(qū)分不同的圖像。
A?computer?in?the?machine?creates?an?image?on?the?screen.機(jī)器上的計(jì)算機(jī)在屏幕上產(chǎn)生了影像。
imagination n.想像，想像力：
But?later?I?knew?that?your?bearing?is?far?beyond?my?imagination.
然而后來(lái)我才明白，你的氣度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我的想像的。
The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)將會(huì)頒給故事最有想象力的作家。
imagine v.想像，以為，(設(shè))想：
It’s hard to imagine what a bad effect the violent TV show has on the children.
很難想象暴力電視節(jié)目對(duì)孩子們有多么壞的影響。
He imagines that people don’t like him.他自以為沒(méi)有人喜歡他。
—Will it cost a lot to study abroad？—I would imagine so, but you can apply for a scholarship.
“出國(guó)留學(xué)花費(fèi)很多嗎?”“我想是這樣的，但是你可以申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。”
Imagine yourself (to be) on a desert island.設(shè)想你處在一個(gè)荒島上。
【拓展】①表示想像做某事，其后不接不定式，而接動(dòng)名詞(有時(shí)帶邏輯主語(yǔ))：
Can you imagine living without electricity?你能想像沒(méi)有電的生活嗎？
注意下列句中的you can imagine為插入語(yǔ)：
What is the best way you can imagine to reduce the overuse of water in our school?
你能想到的減少我們學(xué)校過(guò)度用水的最好方法是什么？
②表示“認(rèn)為……是……”，可用imagine…to be/as…：
I always imagine her as/to be a kind person.我總是認(rèn)為她是一位善良的人。
③imaginary虛構(gòu)的，想象的，假想的；imaginable可能的，可想象的；imaginative富于想象的：
The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.
赤道是一條假想的環(huán)繞地球腰部的線。
These technological developments were hardly imaginable 30 years ago.
這些科技新產(chǎn)品在30年前幾乎是不可想象的。
The?imaginative?child?made?up?fairy?stories.這個(gè)想象力豐富的孩子自己編神話故事。
imitate v.模仿，效仿，仿造：
The style of painting adopted by the artist is hard to imitate.這位畫家的繪畫風(fēng)格很難模仿。
You?should?imitate?her?way?of?doing?things.你應(yīng)該效仿她做事的方式。
The?workers?imitate?a?diamond?with?crystal.工人們用水晶仿造鉆石。
【拓展】imitation n.仿制品，模仿，仿效，贗品：
At first sight, the bag seems made of real leather, but actually it is just an imitation.
乍一看，這個(gè)包似乎是真皮的，但實(shí)際上它只是一個(gè)仿制品。
A child learns to talk by imitation.小孩子通過(guò)模仿學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話。
Her innocence is only an imitation.她的天真只是一種偽裝。
immediate adj.①立即的，馬上的，立刻的：The situation demands immediate action.形勢(shì)要求立即行動(dòng)。
②最接近的，緊靠著的，目前的：
The?immediate?cause?of?this?crisis?is?not?perhaps?surprisingly?a?shortage?of?food.?
可能有些令人驚奇的是，此次危機(jī)的直接原因并非食物短缺。
One?hundred?dollars?will?meet?my?immediate?needs.?一百美元可以應(yīng)付我目前的需要。
【拓展】immediately除了作為副詞(立即，即刻)以外，還可以作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“一……就……”：
The policemen hurried into the station immediately they heard the gunshot.
警察一聽到槍聲就急忙趕到車站。
immigration n.移民(移民來(lái))：
Barack Obama and Mitt Romney both say the country's immigration system must be reformed. But they disagree about how to do it.奧巴馬和羅姆尼都說(shuō)這個(gè)國(guó)家的移民體系需要改革，但是他們對(duì)于怎么做意見不一。
【拓展】emigration n.移民(出境)，移居國(guó)/海外：
The?emigration?of?scientists?is?a?catastrophe?for?the?country.?
許多科學(xué)家移居國(guó)外是該國(guó)的災(zāi)難。
impact n.影響：We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.
我們可以觀察到人工智能已經(jīng)在許多方面已經(jīng)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了影響。
Yet at no point in the process of development did they stop to consider the impact of their
“progress” on nature.然而他們絕不會(huì)在發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，停下來(lái)思考他們的“進(jìn)步”對(duì)自然的
影響。
imply v.暗示，意味：
To fully understand the writer, we must read not only between the lines but also beyond the lines to know what is implied in the article.為了全面理解作者，我們不僅必須讀字里行間的意思，我們還要理解文章暗含的意思。
What?did?she?imply?in?her?words??她的話意味著什么？
import v.輸入，引進(jìn)，進(jìn)口：
The government placed restrictions on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
政府限制進(jìn)口車的數(shù)量。
We import wool from Australia.我們從澳大利亞進(jìn)口羊毛。
n.①進(jìn)口，輸入：They are engaged in import and export.他們做進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易。
②進(jìn)口品，進(jìn)口貨：Machinery is one of our imports.機(jī)械是我們的進(jìn)口貨物之一。
importance n.重要性：Only a short-sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.
只有目光短淺的人才會(huì)忽略教育的重要性。
English, as well as Chinese and maths is of great importance now.
英語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)在都很重要。
important adj.重要的：
Food production is important, but of equal importance is taking care of the environment.
糧食產(chǎn)量很重要，但是保護(hù)環(huán)境同等重要。
You must quit smoking. Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.
你必須戒煙，最重要的是，你應(yīng)該開始運(yùn)動(dòng)。
【拓展】在It’s important 后接that從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：It is important that we (should) help each other.我們要互相幫助，這是很重要的。
impossible adj.不可能的，不可能發(fā)生的：
What we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.
我們過(guò)去認(rèn)為不可能的事情現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.天下無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。
This is an impossible story.這是一個(gè)令人難以置信的故事。
【拓展】it’s impossible后接that從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
It is impossible that he(should)go with her.他不可能會(huì)同她去。
impress v.①留下(極深)印象：
I guess what impresses me most about his painting is the colors he uses.
我想他的畫給我印象最深的是他使用的顏色。
I was very impressed by/at/with his performance.他的表演給我留下了很深的印象。
②銘記：No matter where he goes and no matter who he encounters, he would like to follow his father’s advice and impress the best upon mind.無(wú)論他去哪里，無(wú)論他遇到誰(shuí)，他都愿意聽從父親的建議，把最好的建議銘記在心。
【拓展】①在impress sb. as ...(給某人的印象是……)這一表達(dá)中，as后的情況指的通常是句子主語(yǔ)，而不是impress后的賓語(yǔ)，如She impressed me as being very rude的意思是“在我的印象中，她很粗魯”，而不是“她對(duì)我的印象是我很粗魯”。
②impressive adj.令人印象深刻的，引人注目的，顯赫的：
The museum is located in a park surrounded by a number of impressive buildings.
博物館坐落在一個(gè)被許多令人印象深刻的建筑包圍的公園里。
impression n.印象，感覺(jué)：Would you like to share your first impression on the new school uniform with us?
你愿意和我們分享你對(duì)新校服的第一印象嗎？
improve v.改進(jìn)，改善：
The experts urge that governments improve social services and city planning policies.
專家催促政府改善社會(huì)服務(wù)和城市規(guī)劃政策。
The teacher suggested to us that every minute should be made use of to improve our spoken English.
老師建議我們利用好每一分鐘來(lái)提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。
improvement n.提高，改進(jìn)/善/良，增進(jìn)，進(jìn)步：
The government has put forward a series of policies and measures to ensure the improvement in
living standards.政府已經(jīng)提出了一系列的政策和措施來(lái)保證提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
The?system?we?introduced?in?1980?has?been?a?great?improvement.
我們1980年引進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)有了很大改進(jìn)。
As for the service, it is generally good but there’s still much room for improvement.
至于服務(wù)，大體上很好，但是仍有很多改善的空間。
This?has?provided?valuable?data?for?work?in?soil?improvement.
這為土壤改良工作提供了寶貴資料。
With?the?improvement?of?economic?benefits?and?material?civilization,?spiritual interests?have?
been?paid?much?attention?to.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)福利、物質(zhì)文明的提高，人們對(duì)精神利益也日益重視。
The?class?has?made?noticeable?improvement.這個(gè)班已有引人注目的進(jìn)步。
It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
醫(yī)療保健的進(jìn)步將促進(jìn)一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大、更繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)，這是我們的信念。
in prep.①(表時(shí)間)在，在……期間，在……內(nèi)，在……后：It happened in the past.這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。
②(表地點(diǎn)、位置、范圍、空間等)在……內(nèi)，在……中，在……上：
Let’s have a rest in the shade.我們?cè)跇潢幭滦菹⒁粫?huì)兒吧。
③(表動(dòng)作的方向)向……之中，向……里：She put the keys in her pocket.她把鑰匙放在口袋里。
④(表比率)……之中，每(一)……：The losses were nine in ten.損失了十之八九。
⑤(表方式、手段、材料)用：You must pay the bill in cash.你必須用現(xiàn)金付賬。
⑥穿著，戴著：The policeman is in uniform.警察穿著制服。
⑦(表狀況、狀態(tài)、環(huán)境等)在……狀態(tài)中，處于……之中：His life is in danger.他有生命危險(xiǎn)。
⑧(表職業(yè)或活動(dòng))從事于，做：Her husband was in business.她丈夫是經(jīng)商的。
⑨在……方面：China is very rich in natural resources.中國(guó)自然資源豐富。
⑩(表形式)以……的形式，按照：Water exists in three forms.水以三種形態(tài)存在。
?(表進(jìn)行)在……中，……在進(jìn)行中：The motor is not yet in action.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)還沒(méi)開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?(后接動(dòng)名詞)在……時(shí)，在……過(guò)程中：
In crossing the street he was run over.他在穿過(guò)馬路時(shí)被汽車撞倒。
There was no difficulty (in) finding her house.找到她的家沒(méi)費(fèi)一點(diǎn)事。
adv.在家，進(jìn)入：The?doctor?advised?me?to?stay?in?for?a?few?days.醫(yī)生勸我在家里呆幾天。
Can?we?let?them?in??我們能讓他們進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？
inch n.英寸：It is a mid-sized dog, 16 or 17 inches tall from the shoulder.
這是只中等大小的狗，肩部高度在16或17英寸。
incident n.①事情，小事件：That was one of the strangest incidents in my life.那是我一生中最奇怪的事件之一。
②事變，事件：
The?CPC?Central?Committee?published?an?open?telegram?to?the?nation?after?the?Lugouqiao?Incident,?
calling?on?the?the whole nation?to?resist?Japanese?aggression.盧溝橋事變后，中共中央向全國(guó)發(fā)表公
開電報(bào)，號(hào)召全國(guó)人民抗日。
include v.包含，包括：
The reign of the next Japanese emperor will be known as “Reiwa” era, in whose name the character for “harmony” is included.下一個(gè)日本皇帝統(tǒng)治時(shí)期將被稱為“令和時(shí)代”，在這個(gè)名字里包含著寓意“和諧”的字。
【拓展】①后接動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)名詞形式：
My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss.我的工作不包括給老板沖咖啡。
②是及物動(dòng)詞，在引出一個(gè)解釋性短語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意分清是用現(xiàn)在分詞(其后應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ))還是用過(guò)去分詞(其賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)檫壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)，注意其被動(dòng)關(guān)系)：
Everyone laughed, including the teacher.=Everyone laughed, the teacher included.
大家都笑了，包括老師在內(nèi)。
including prep.包括，包含：
After the dinner, I looked at the bill and found that it was 200 yuan in all, including the wine.
飯后，我看了看賬單，發(fā)現(xiàn)總共消費(fèi)200元，包括酒。
income n.收入，所得：The government tax on income is called income tax.政府對(duì)收入所征收的稅叫做所得稅。
Her father earns a large(small)income.她父親收入高(低)。(習(xí)慣上不用 much或little)
increase v.增加，增多，增大：
They have increased the price of oil again.他們又把油價(jià)提高了。
The number of students increased by 1000.=The number of students had an increase of 1000.
學(xué)生人數(shù)增加了1000。
The number of students increased to 1000.學(xué)生人數(shù)增加到了1000人。
n.增加：There has been an increase in road accidents.交通事故增多了。
【拓展】on the increase=on the rise在增加，on the decrease在減少：
The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is on the increase now.
新的法律已經(jīng)生效，野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在增加。
The?birthrate?is?on?the?decrease.人口出生率正在下降。
indeed adv.的確，確實(shí)，實(shí)在，事實(shí)上：
“It’s cold.” “It is indeed.” “天很冷?！薄暗拇_很冷?！?br /> Hope there will be an end to the trade war between China and the US. Indeed, otherwise both sides would suffer a lot.希望中美之間的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)能夠結(jié)束。事實(shí)上，不然雙方都將遭受巨大損失。
independence n.獨(dú)立：
With the new requirements for reading put forward, pupils should be able to read with a large
degree of independence.隨著對(duì)閱讀的新要求的提出，學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠以很大程度的獨(dú)立性閱讀。
independent adj.獨(dú)立的，有主見的：
Although she is young, she is very independent.雖然她很年輕，但是很有主見。
【拓展】independent of不依靠，dependent on依靠，independence from從……中獨(dú)立出來(lái)：
Human beings should not be dependent on computers too much.
人類不應(yīng)該過(guò)分依賴電腦。
You’re eighteen years old. You should be independent of your family.
你已十八歲了，你應(yīng)該從家庭里獨(dú)立出來(lái)生活。
India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.在印度，10月2日是國(guó)慶日，紀(jì)念幫助印度從英國(guó)獨(dú)立出來(lái)的領(lǐng)袖甘地。
indicate v.①指出，指示，標(biāo)示：
A signpost indicated the right road for us to follow.一個(gè)路標(biāo)給我們指出應(yīng)走的路。
②表明/示，暗示：
The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, indicating that China has a greater effect on the world.近年來(lái)，學(xué)習(xí)中文的外國(guó)人越來(lái)越多，這表明中國(guó)對(duì)世界的影響越來(lái)越大。
The?results?of?the?study?may?indicate?that?there?is?a?connection?between?air pollution?and?this?disease.?
研究的結(jié)果可能暗示著空氣污染和這疾病有關(guān)系。
③象征：If a horse has its ears forward, that indicates that it is happy.馬的耳朵向外閃表示它的心情好。
④顯示(讀數(shù)、位置等)：
In this map, the towns are indicated by a red dot.在這張地圖上，城鎮(zhèn)是用小紅點(diǎn)標(biāo)的。
⑤發(fā)出改變行車方向的信號(hào)：Why don’t you indicate?你為什么不打信號(hào)？
【拓展】indication n.跡象，表明，暗示，標(biāo)示/志，顯示，象征：
Having a fair attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been
well educated.對(duì)持不同想法的人有一個(gè)公平的態(tài)度，表明一個(gè)人受過(guò)良好的教育
A firm, dry handshake is generally regarded as an indication that someone is confident and in
control.堅(jiān)定干脆的握手就是暗示這個(gè)人很自信，能控制局面。
individual adj.個(gè)人的，個(gè)別的，個(gè)體的，獨(dú)特的：
The?teachers?give?individual?tutoring?to?students?who?are?having?difficulties.
對(duì)有困難的學(xué)生，教師個(gè)別進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他們的孩子正處在能說(shuō)個(gè)別單詞而不能說(shuō)完整句子的階段。
It?was?really?all?part?of?her?very?individual?personality.那其實(shí)都是她獨(dú)特個(gè)性的表現(xiàn)。
indoors adv.在屋里，在室內(nèi)，在戶內(nèi)：
Since?she?was?indoors,?she?had?not?been?wearing?a?coat.由于她在室內(nèi)，就沒(méi)有穿外套。
It?was?raining?hard,?which?kept?us?indoors.雨下得很大，把我們困在了家里。
You?stay?too?much?indoors.你呆在戶內(nèi)的時(shí)間太多了。
【拓展】indoor adj.室內(nèi)的，戶內(nèi)的，outdoor adj.室外的，戶外的，outdoors adv.室外，戶外：
I?enjoy?indoor?and?outdoor?activities?of?all?kinds.我喜歡所有室內(nèi)和戶外的活動(dòng)。
There is no indoor swimming-pool in this school and the students often go to swim outdoors.
這所學(xué)校沒(méi)有室內(nèi)游泳池，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常去戶外游泳。
induce v.引起，歸納，引誘：
Doctors?said?the surgery?could?induce?a?heart?attack.醫(yī)生們說(shuō)這次手術(shù)有可能引起心臟病發(fā)作。
Raise?the?student?independence?analysis,?solve?problem?and?induce?the?ability of?the?summary.?
提高學(xué)生獨(dú)立分析、解決問(wèn)題和歸納總結(jié)的能力。
Nothing?in?the?world?will?induce?me?to?do?that.什麼也不能引誘我做那種事。
industry n.①工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)，行業(yè)：
There?are?the?close?relation?to?heavy?industry?and?light?industry.重工業(yè)和輕工業(yè)有密切關(guān)系。
In terms of the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.從就業(yè)率看，去年旅館業(yè)是這個(gè)國(guó)家的第二大產(chǎn)業(yè)。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt.
食品服務(wù)行業(yè)最近出現(xiàn)了降低脂肪含量和減少鹽的趨勢(shì)。
②勤奮，勤勞：He won the prize through his industry.他靠勤奮獲獎(jiǎng)。
【拓展】表示“工業(yè)”，其相應(yīng)的形容詞是industrial(工業(yè)的)；表示“勤奮”，其相應(yīng)的形容詞是industrious(勤勞的)：
As we all know, the industrial revolution took place in England first.
我們都知道工業(yè)革命先在英國(guó)發(fā)生的。
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century don’t attract visitors.
這座在19世紀(jì)建設(shè)的工業(yè)城市不能吸引游客正是一件遺憾的事情?。?br /> She?was?an?industrious?and?willing?worker.她是個(gè)勤勞肯干的員工。
infection n.感染，傳染，傳染病：
She intended to be a doctor, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.
她想成為一名醫(yī)生。但是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的眼部感染迫使他放棄了這個(gè)想法。
There?is?no?vaccine?against?HIV?infection.現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有防艾滋病病毒傳染的疫苗。
【拓展】infect v.使受影響，感染，傳染：
A single mosquito can?infect?a large number of?people.一只蚊子就可以感染很多人。
infer v.推斷，猜想，推理，暗示，意指：
I?inferred?from?what?she?said?that?you?have?not?been?well.我從她的話語(yǔ)里推斷你身體一直不太好。
The?police?inferred?that?they?found?her?behavior?rather?suspicious.警方暗示他們發(fā)現(xiàn)她行為非常可疑。
【拓展】inference n.推斷：
You seemed to know about this book, and by?inference?I thought you had read it.?
你好像了解這本書，因此我推斷你已讀過(guò)它了。
inflation n.通貨膨脹，通脹率：
The main task of the government is to reduce the level of inflation.
政府的主要任務(wù)是降低通貨膨脹率。
influence n.影響：The world’s attention is being fixed on China’s Belt and Road Initiative, as it has a great
influence on the world’s economy.全世界的注意力都集中在中國(guó)的“一帶一路”計(jì)劃上，因
為它對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)有很大的影響。
v.影響：The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it was invented.
自從手機(jī)被發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。
【拓展】influential adj.有影響力的：
He?is?one?of?the?most?influential?performers?of?modern?jazz.
他是現(xiàn)代爵士樂(lè)最具影響力的表演者之一。
inform v.告訴，通知：He has not yet informed me of his plans for holidays.他尚未把他的度假計(jì)劃告訴我。
Please inform me how to find his house.請(qǐng)告訴我怎樣找到他的家。
He showed great interest in my work. He asked me to keep him informed of the latest
developments.他對(duì)我的工作表現(xiàn)出了很大的興趣。他讓我把最新進(jìn)展告訴他。
【拓展】①與tell sb. sth.和 tell sth. to sb.不一樣，inform既不接雙賓語(yǔ)，也不用于inform sth. to sb.，要表示告訴某人某情況，通常用inform sb. of/about sth.。
②其賓語(yǔ)通常只能是人，所以當(dāng)后接從句時(shí)，其前的sb.不能省略。
We regret to inform you that your application has been refused.
我們很遺憾地通知您，您的申請(qǐng)已被拒絕了。
③不能將“通知某人做某事”按漢語(yǔ)意思直譯為inform sb. to do sth.，可將其中的不定式改為從句，如不說(shuō)I’ve informed them to leave at once，可改為I’ve informed them that they must leave at once等。
information n.①信息：
To find out more information, you can log on to the website of our company or call 8858858.
要找更多的信息，你可以登陸我們網(wǎng)站或者撥打8858858。
We?arranged?to?meet?at?the?information?desk?of?the?hotel.我們約好在旅館的問(wèn)訊處見面。
②通知，告知：Please?email?the?information?to?the?managers.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)通知用電子郵件發(fā)給各位經(jīng)理。
initial adj.開始的，最初的：
In spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Pro. White persisted in his research.
盡管懷特教授最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了，但是他還是堅(jiān)持他的研究。
n.姓名起首的大寫字母：Steven Lane’s initials are S. L. Steven Lane.這姓名的首字母是S.L.。
injure v.損害，傷害：A big fire broke out last night. Luckily, no one was killed or injured.
昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。幸運(yùn)的是，沒(méi)有人員傷亡。
Jim is absent from the party. That is because he was badly injured in the football game.
吉姆沒(méi)有參加聚會(huì)。那是因?yàn)樗谧闱虮荣愔惺芰酥貍?
【拓展】①是及物動(dòng)詞，所以要表示“他沒(méi)受傷”，可說(shuō)成：
He wasn’t injured，但不能說(shuō)成He didn’t injure.
②the injured表示“傷員”，具有復(fù)數(shù)意義：
The injured were taken to the hospital.傷員已被送往醫(yī)院。
③參看詞條hurt。
injury n.受傷處，傷口，傷害，損害，損傷：
The nurse dressed his injury.護(hù)士給他包扎了傷口。
There is sometimes no way to recover from brain injury.有時(shí)腦部損傷是無(wú)法恢復(fù)的。
ink n.墨水，油墨：The words on this page are printed in red ink.本頁(yè)的字是用紅色油墨印刷的。
inn n.小旅店，小飯店：a small roadside inn路邊小客棧
inner adj.里面的，內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)心的，隱藏的：
It’s inner beauty, in my opinion, rather than physical beauty, that matters in the long run.
在我看來(lái) ，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度看，是內(nèi)在美而不是外在美真的重要。
Loving?relationships?will?give?a?child?an?inner?sense?of?security.親昵關(guān)系會(huì)給予孩子內(nèi)心一種安全感。
innocent adj.①無(wú)罪的，無(wú)辜的，清白的：
The suspect was declared innocent for lack of convincing evidence.
嫌疑犯因缺乏令人信服的證據(jù)而被宣布無(wú)罪。
An innocent man was arrested by mistake.有一個(gè)無(wú)辜的人被誤捕了。
②無(wú)害的，沒(méi)有惡意的：Do you call these innocent amusements?你把這些叫做無(wú)害的娛樂(lè)嗎？
③單純的，天真無(wú)邪的：an innocent child天真無(wú)邪的孩子
【拓展】innocence清白，無(wú)辜，無(wú)罪，天真無(wú)邪：
The couple tried every effort to convince the judges, who tried the cases, of their innocence only to result in the contrary.這對(duì)夫婦努力使判決案子的法官相信他們的清白，結(jié)果正相反。
Your excuse is too weak to convince me of your innocence.
你的借口太沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力而不能使我相信你的無(wú)辜。
Children lose their innocence as they grow older.兒童隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而失去其天真。
innovate v.改革，創(chuàng)新：
Efforts will be made to innovate new teaching models to exploit students’ potential.
將努力創(chuàng)新教學(xué)模式以便能開發(fā)學(xué)生的潛力。
【拓展】①innovation n.改革，創(chuàng)新
It was MaYun’s persistence and innovation that contributes to the success in his career.
正是馬云的堅(jiān)持和創(chuàng)新，促成了他事業(yè)上的成功。
②innovative adj.革新的，創(chuàng)新的：
He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.
他是他那代人當(dāng)中最富創(chuàng)造性與革新精神的工程師之一。
insect n.昆蟲：Ants, flies, butterflies and beetles are all insects.螞蟻、蒼蠅、蝴蝶、甲蟲都是昆蟲。
insert v.插入：They inserted too much advertisement in the newspaper.他們的報(bào)紙插的廣告太多。
inside prep.在……里面：There was also a wallet sitting inside the car with a lot of money sticking out.
車內(nèi)還有一個(gè)錢包，里面有很多錢。
adv.在里面：He opened the box and looked inside.他打開箱子向里面看。
n.里面，內(nèi)部，內(nèi)側(cè)：The door was locked from the inside.門從里面給鎖上了。
insight n.頓悟，領(lǐng)悟，洞察力：
He?was?a?brilliant?actor?who?brought?deep?psychological?insight?to?his?many?roles.?
他是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的演員，能夠從心理上領(lǐng)悟他扮演的許多角色。
The article in The Times gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.
英國(guó)泰晤士報(bào)上的這篇文章讓我們真正洞察當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的原因。故選C。
insist v.①堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求：
He insisted on my staying there.= He insisted that I (should) stay there.他堅(jiān)持要我留在那兒。
You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
你應(yīng)該尊重別人的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)堅(jiān)持你認(rèn)為正確的事情。
②堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)決主張：I insist that he is innocent.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是無(wú)罪的。
【拓展】①其后既不接不定式也不接動(dòng)名詞，遇此情況要用 insist on [upon] doing sth。
If?you?insist?on?leaving?now,?please?go?ahead.你一定要走，那就請(qǐng)便吧。
②可及物或不及物，但及物時(shí)通常只接that從句作賓語(yǔ)，而不接一般普通的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。
③不可將“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”直譯為insist sb. to do sth.，遇此情況可改用從句的形式。
④后接that從句時(shí)，有時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其區(qū)別是：若表示“堅(jiān)持要”、“一定要”，從句所指內(nèi)容為尚未成為事實(shí)的想法，此時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (即用should+動(dòng)詞原形)；若表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，從句所指內(nèi)容為既成事實(shí)或完全能成為事實(shí)的決心等，此時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣：
We all insisted that Mick have a rest, but he insisted that he was all right.
我們都堅(jiān)持要求米克要休息一下，但是他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
inspect v.①檢查，審查：You should inspect the wheels regularly, and replace them before they cause you trouble.
你應(yīng)該在出事之前經(jīng)常檢查車輪并及時(shí)更換。
②檢閱，視察：The Tourist Board inspects all recommended hotels at least once a year.
旅游局至少每年視察一次所有舉薦的旅館。
【拓展】inspection n.檢驗(yàn)，檢查，視察，檢閱：
Would?you?mind?pointing?out?your?luggage?for?inspection??可否把你的行李指給我們檢查？
After?an?inspection,?the?inspectors?must?publish?a?report.視察后，視察者必須發(fā)表一份報(bào)告。
inspire v.①鼓舞，激勵(lì)，激發(fā)：
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵(lì)科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。
②賦予某人靈感(尤指寫作)，啟示，啟迪：
His wife inspired him to write this poem.他妻子激發(fā)了他的靈感創(chuàng)作出了這首詩(shī)。
【拓展】inspiration n.靈感，鼓舞人心的人(或事物)：
Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.
夢(mèng)境可以成為藝術(shù)家靈感的豐富源泉。
You have been such an inspiration to all of us that we want to repay you for what you give us.
你對(duì)我們所有人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)如此鼓舞人心的存在以至于我們想回報(bào)你所給予我們的。
install v.安裝，設(shè)置，任命：
I found my computer functioning much better, having installed a new operating system.
在安裝了一個(gè)新的操作系統(tǒng)之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的電腦運(yùn)行得更好了.
Professor?Sawyer?was?formally?installed?as?President?last?Thursday.
索耶教授上周四被正式任命為校長(zhǎng)。
instance n.例子，實(shí)例，事例：
There?are?a?number?of?improvements;?for?instance,?both?mouse?buttons?can now?be?used.?
在許多地方有了改進(jìn)，例如，鼠標(biāo)的左右鍵都可以使用了。
A?teacher?should?be?good?at?drawing?inferences?about?other?cases?from?one instance.
老師要善于舉一反三。
instant adj.即刻的，立即的：He was sentenced to instant death.他被判為立即處死。
n.瞬間，剎那：I shall be back in an instant.我立刻就回來(lái)。
For?an?instant?I?was?infected?by?her?fear.有那么一會(huì)兒她的恐懼也傳染給了我。
【拓展】the instant或者instantly conj.“一……就”用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：
The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.他一開門就看見了這個(gè)賊。
I called out her name instantly I saw her.
我一見到她，就叫出了她的名字。
instead adv.代替，頂替：Come another day instead.改日再來(lái)吧。
【拓展】instead of代替，而不是：
I’ll go instead of you.我愿代你去。
You should get rid of the bad habits instead of getting into them.
你應(yīng)該改掉這些壞習(xí)慣，而不是染上這些壞習(xí)慣。
institute n.①(研究)所，院，學(xué)院：
By now 516 Confucius Institutes have been founded in 142 countries and regions, according to the
Confucius Institute Headquarters.根據(jù)孔子學(xué)院總部的統(tǒng)計(jì)，到現(xiàn)在為止，全世界142個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)建立了516個(gè)孔子學(xué)院。
At first the institute refused to purchase the experiment instrument, but this decision was afterwards changed.起初該研究所拒絕購(gòu)買實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器，但后來(lái)改變了這一決定。
②協(xié)會(huì)，學(xué)會(huì)：
Mr. Li?from?Chinese?Information?Institute?also?attended?the?conference.?
來(lái)自中文信息協(xié)會(huì)的李先生也參加這次會(huì)議。
institution n.①機(jī)構(gòu)：A?medical?institution?shall?properly?keep?the?medical?record?cards?of?patients.?
醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)妥善地保管病人的病歷卡。
②(由來(lái)已久的)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣：Giving presents on Christmas is an institution.圣誕節(jié)送禮是一種風(fēng)俗。
③建立，設(shè)立，制定：the institution of new safety procedures新安全規(guī)程的制定
instruct v.①通知：I will instruct him whether (he needs) to come today or tomorrow.
我會(huì)通知他該今天來(lái)還是明天來(lái)。
②指示/導(dǎo)，教：
How do you instruct your students to dip into their studies after class?
你如何指導(dǎo)你的學(xué)生在課后專心學(xué)習(xí)?
I’ve been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.我奉命在這里等老師來(lái)。
【拓展】①instruction n.教導(dǎo)，教授，命令，指示，(用復(fù)數(shù))說(shuō)明，須知：
He’s not yet trained, but still under instruction.他還未訓(xùn)練好，還在接受教導(dǎo)。
He gave instructions to leave at once.他下達(dá)指示說(shuō)要馬上離開。
Please read the instructions on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.
請(qǐng)閱讀瓶子上的說(shuō)明，并服用適量的藥物。
②instructor n.教練，導(dǎo)師，(大學(xué))講師：
I?want?you?to?be?a?swimming?instructor.我想你成為一個(gè)游泳教練。
instrument n.①樂(lè)器：He asked how to play the instrument.他問(wèn)這樂(lè)器怎樣彈奏。
②工具，器械，儀器：
Language is an instrument for communication.語(yǔ)言是交際的工具。
The?hospital?bought?some?medical?instruments.這家醫(yī)院購(gòu)置了一些醫(yī)療器械。
The?Arctic?explorers?carried?with?them?a?lot?of?scientific?instruments.
去北極的探險(xiǎn)家們隨身帶了許多科學(xué)儀器。
insult v.辱罵，侮辱，凌辱，冒犯：
She has no right to insult us like that.她沒(méi)有任何權(quán)利像那樣辱罵我們。
If you joke with him he’ll think you are insulting him on purpose.
如果你和他開玩笑，他會(huì)認(rèn)為你是在故意地侮辱他。
Instead,?he?argued?it was?China?that?felt?insulted.他說(shuō)，相反，中國(guó)才是感覺(jué)受到了冒犯。
insurance n.保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)：
You?must?buy?the?credit?life?insurance?before?you?can?buy?the?disability?insurance?
你必須先購(gòu)買信用人壽保險(xiǎn)，方可購(gòu)買傷殘保險(xiǎn)。
For individual travelers, hotel reservation, air tickets, travel insurance are required.
對(duì)于單獨(dú)的旅游者來(lái)說(shuō)，酒店預(yù)訂、機(jī)票、旅游保險(xiǎn)都是需要的。
She received $5000 (in) insurance.她得到五千美元的保險(xiǎn)金。
insure v.①給……保險(xiǎn)：My car isn’t insured.我的汽車沒(méi)買保險(xiǎn)。
②保障，保證，確保：Their support will insure me success.他們的支持保證讓我成功。
【拓展】ensure v.擔(dān)保，保證，使安全，確保：
I can’t ensure that he will be there on time.我不能擔(dān)保他會(huì)及時(shí)到那兒。
This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.這藥保證能讓你好好睡一覺(jué)。
If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi.
你要想確保能趕上那班飛機(jī)，就坐出租車去吧。
intellectual adj.智力的，有才智的：
High levels of lead could damage the?intellectual?development of?children
鉛含量過(guò)高會(huì)損害兒童的智力發(fā)展。
Chess is a highly intellectual game.象棋是需用高度智力的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
intelligence n.①智力，才智：What is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.
學(xué)習(xí)中重要的是勤奮而不是智力。
②情報(bào)：The British intelligence service is called MI5.英國(guó)的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)叫做MI5。
intend v. ①想要，打算，企圖：
Where did you intend him to go?你打算讓他去哪里？
The FBI and Capitol Police arrested a man named Friday because he intended to set off a suicide bomb at the U. S. Capitol.美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局和國(guó)會(huì)警察星期五逮捕了一名男子，因?yàn)樗髨D在國(guó)會(huì)大廈引爆自殺炸彈。
②打算供……使用，打算使……成為：
This dictionary is intended for elementary learners of English.本詞典是為初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人編寫的。
【拓展1】①表示打算做某事，其后可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞：
He intends to buy/buying a car.他打算買輛汽車。
②表示打算要某人做某事，可后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或從句：
He intended her to go there.=He intended that she should go there.他打算讓她去那兒。
③表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
We had intended to go to London.我們本來(lái)打算到倫敦去的。
有時(shí)也可將完成式移至其后的不定式上：We intended to have gone to London.
【拓展2】intention n.意圖，打算：
Our intention was to leave early in the morning.我們打算一早就走。
He has no intention of marrying yet.他還沒(méi)有要結(jié)婚的打算。
We’ve?come?here?with?the?intention?of?leaning?knowledge.?
我們是帶著學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的目的來(lái)到這里的。
interact v.互動(dòng)，相互作用，互相影響：
Facebook is a very famous social networking website founded in 2004 where millions of people interact with one another.成立于2014年的臉譜網(wǎng)是一個(gè)非常著名的社交網(wǎng)站，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人在此上面相互交流。
Millions?of?people?want?new,?simplified?ways?of?interacting?with?a?computer.
數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人們想要新的簡(jiǎn)化方式實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)交互。
【拓展】interaction n.相互影響(作用，制約，配合)，交互作用(影響)：
Capitalist?social?formations?reflect?the?interaction,?or?articulation,?of?different?modes?of?
production.資本主義社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)反映了不同形式的生產(chǎn)方式之間的互動(dòng)，或者說(shuō)相互聯(lián)系。
interest n.①興趣，趣味：
Mary is willing to make friends with whoever shares the same hobbies and interests with her.
瑪麗愿意和任何和她有相同愛好和興趣的人交朋友。
②利息：He lent me the money at 5% interest.他以百分之五的利息借給我這筆錢。
③(常用復(fù))利益：I cannot but admit the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.
我不得不承認(rèn)你說(shuō)的是實(shí)話，盡管那與我的利益相違背。
v.使……感興趣：They are interested in playing football.他們對(duì)踢足球感興趣。
I’d be interested to hear your opinion about this.我很想聽聽你對(duì)這事的意見。
interesting adj.有趣的，令人感興趣的，引起興趣的：
There is an interesting program on television tonight.今天晚上有一個(gè)有趣的電視節(jié)目。
American?is?really?an?interesting?place.美國(guó)的確是一個(gè)令人感興趣的地方。
【拓展】interested與interesting：前者心理感受“感興趣的”，后者表示事物所具有的特征“令人感興趣的”或“有趣的”：
Mr. Smith, tired of the speech, started to read an interesting novel.
史密斯先生對(duì)這個(gè)無(wú)聊的演講感到厭煩，所以他開始讀一本有趣的小說(shuō)。
To my surprise, my aunt Diane is more than a chemistry teacher, she is also interested in
modern art.令我驚訝的是，我的黛安娜阿姨不僅僅是一名化學(xué)老師，她還對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)感
興趣。
interfere v.干預(yù)，干涉，妨礙，打擾：
We?will?always?keep?our?promise?not?to?interfere?in?the?internal?affairs?of?other countries.?
我們始終遵守不干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政的諾言。
While being shy is normal, it is when the shyness interferes with an individual’s daily communication with others that it becomes a disorder.盡管害羞很正常，但是當(dāng)害羞妨礙了個(gè)人和他人的日常交流時(shí)，它就變成了災(zāi)難。
I?wish?everyone?would?stop?interfering?and?just?leave?me?alone.
我希望大家都別再來(lái)打擾我，讓我一個(gè)人靜一靜。
intermediate adj.中間的，中級(jí)的：
You should consider breaking the journey with?intermediate?stopovers at airport?hotels.
你應(yīng)該考慮將旅程分為幾段，中途在機(jī)場(chǎng)旅館稍作停留。
This?book?is?intended?for?readers?of?intermediate?level.這本書是寫給中級(jí)水平的讀者的。
internal adj.內(nèi)部的，國(guó)內(nèi)的，本身的：
Humans have an internal clock that controls the beating of our heart, and the pace of our breathing.
人類體內(nèi)有一個(gè)生物鐘，它控制我們的心跳和呼吸的節(jié)奏。
Solving Taiwan Issue is entirely internal Chinese affair.解決臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題完全是中國(guó)內(nèi)政。
international adj.國(guó)際的：
The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for some important international news.他在尋找一些重要的國(guó)際新聞時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)突然出了故障。
We will remain committed to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more international responsibilities.我國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展的道路并且承擔(dān)更多國(guó)際責(zé)任。
Internet n.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，英特網(wǎng)：
A good idea occurred to me that we could advertise our products on the Internet.
我想到了一個(gè)好主意，我們可以在網(wǎng)上為我們的產(chǎn)品做廣告。
interpret v.口譯，闡釋，詮釋：
Interpreters?found?they?could?not?interpret?half?of?what?he?said.?
口譯員們發(fā)現(xiàn)他說(shuō)的話他們連一半都翻譯不出來(lái)。
The?judge?quite?rightly?says?that?he?has?to?interpret?the?law?as?it’s?been?passed
法官說(shuō)他必須按照該法的立法初衷來(lái)闡釋它，這完全沒(méi)錯(cuò)。
【拓展】interpretation n.理解，解釋，說(shuō)明，演繹：
In a diverse society, one would expect there to be multiple interpretations of rights.
在一個(gè)多元化的社會(huì)，人們會(huì)期望對(duì)于權(quán)力有多種解釋。
In?this?paper,?there?are?two?basic?research?methods,?interpretation?of?law?and?the?inductive?
method.本文基本研究方法有兩種，演繹法和歸納法。
interpreter n.翻譯，譯員，口譯者：
George could not speak Italian so he hired an Italian girl to work as an interpreter.
喬治不會(huì)說(shuō)意大利語(yǔ)，這樣他雇傭了意大利女孩做翻譯。
His speech was translated into English by his interpreter.他的演說(shuō)由口譯員譯成了英語(yǔ)。
interrupt v. ①打擾，打斷：Don’t interrupt me while I’m explaining the problems to you.
我在給你們解釋這些問(wèn)題時(shí)，請(qǐng)不要打斷我的話。
②中斷，阻斷：Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。
【拓展】interruption n.干擾，中斷，打斷，障礙物，打岔的事：
But for those interruptions, the meeting would finish half an hour ago.
要不是那些干擾，這個(gè)會(huì)議半小時(shí)前就結(jié)束了。
She has kept up physical training for several years without?interruption.
她堅(jiān)持鍛煉，多年來(lái)從未間斷。
interval n.(時(shí)間、空間等)間歇，間隔：There was a long interval before he replied.他隔了許久才回答。
【拓展】at intervals每隔……時(shí)間，不時(shí)地：
It may be necessary to stop at intervals in the learning process and go back to the difficult
points in the lessons.可能有必要學(xué)一定的內(nèi)容再停下來(lái)回顧一下本課的難點(diǎn)。
The bell rang at 20 minute intervals.鈴聲每隔20分鐘響一次。
It?rained?at?intervals?this?month.這個(gè)月不時(shí)地下雨。
interview n.①采訪：There was an interview with the Prime Minister on TV last night.
昨天晚上有個(gè)采訪首相的電視節(jié)目。
②面試，會(huì)見：
We did all we could to comfort the girl, who had been feeling down because of her failure in the job
interview.我們竭盡全力安慰這位女孩，她因?yàn)槊嬖囀《兊梅浅＞趩省?br /> 【拓展】interviewer n.面試官，采訪者，interviewee n.參加面試者，接受采訪者：
The?interviewer?will?give?you?a?problem?and?ask?how?you?would?deal?with?it.?
面試官將會(huì)給你一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后問(wèn)你將如何處理。
He?once?told?an?interviewer?that?he?didn't?even?like?rock?music.
他曾告訴一位采訪者，他甚至都不喜歡搖滾樂(lè)。
According to the principle of the investigation, interviewees should give a truthful answer
consistent with the reality of their world.根據(jù)調(diào)查的原則，受訪者應(yīng)如實(shí)回答與自己領(lǐng)域
的現(xiàn)實(shí)相符的問(wèn)題。
v.①會(huì)見，面試：They interviewed six people for the job.他們面試了六個(gè)申請(qǐng)這份工作的人。
②采訪：We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest to be held in Shanghai next month.我們最好推遲采訪這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)樗τ跍?zhǔn)備下個(gè)月在上海舉行的國(guó)際比賽。
【拓展】表示“面試”通常是指對(duì)應(yīng)試者進(jìn)行“面試”，而不是面試者去參加“面試”，所以下面一句用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：I was interviewed for a job last week.上個(gè)星期我為申請(qǐng)一個(gè)職位而去面試了。
into prep.①進(jìn)入，到……里面：He fell into the sea.他掉進(jìn)了海里。
②朝著，對(duì)著：Please speak into the microphone.請(qǐng)用話筒說(shuō)話。
③成為，變成：She burst into laughter (tears).她突然笑(哭)了起來(lái)。
④持續(xù)到：He worked far deep, late] into the night.他工作到深夜。
⑤以致，導(dǎo)致：He scared them into silence.他把他們嚇得不敢出聲。
⑥分成：He divided the students into six groups.他把學(xué)生分為六組。
introduce v.①介紹：
It is a privilege to make a speech here and out of respect I’d like to introduce my teacher first.
在這里發(fā)表演講是一件榮幸的事情；出于尊敬，我想先介紹一下我的老師。
Not until they were introduced to each other did they realize they had met at a dinner party.
直到他們互相介紹認(rèn)識(shí)之后，他們才意識(shí)到他們是在一次宴會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的。
②使認(rèn)識(shí)，使了解：
The teacher introduced the students to the pleasure of reading.老師讓學(xué)生們嘗到了讀書的樂(lè)趣。
③引進(jìn)，引入：
Since advanced technology was introduced early this year, our factory has produced more than twice as many bicycles as last year.自從今年年初引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)以來(lái)，我們工廠生產(chǎn)的自行車是去年的兩倍多。
introduction n.①采用，引進(jìn)：The word is a recent introduction.這個(gè)詞是新傳來(lái)的詞。
②介紹：The book is a complete introduction to all the best Indian films.
這本書是對(duì)所有最好的印度電影的完整介紹。
③序言：There is a long introduction to the book.這本書有篇很長(zhǎng)的序言。
invent v.①發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造：
Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight could not have been solved.
如果沒(méi)有電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明，許多太空飛行的問(wèn)題是不可能解決的。
②捏造，編造，杜撰，虛構(gòu)：
He invented an excuse for his absence.他為缺席找了個(gè)借口。
Don’t believe him. This is just a story he invented.
不要信他。這只是他杜撰/虛構(gòu)的一個(gè)故事。
【拓展】①invention n.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造，發(fā)明物，創(chuàng)造物，捏造，編造：
While many of us today take the television for granted, it’s actually one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.盡管今天我們?cè)S多人認(rèn)為電視是理所當(dāng)然的，但它實(shí)際上是20世紀(jì)最偉大的發(fā)明之一。
The?story?was?certainly?a?favourite?one,?but?it?was?undoubtedly?pure?invention.?
這個(gè)故事當(dāng)然特別受歡迎，但它無(wú)疑是純屬虛構(gòu)的。
②inventor n.發(fā)明者，創(chuàng)造者：
Timothy Berners Lee, an English engineer and computer scientist, is best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web.蒂莫西·伯納斯·李，英國(guó)工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家，作為萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的發(fā)明者而聞名。
③參見詞條discover。
invest v.投資，耗資，花費(fèi)：
When?people?buy?houses?they’re?investing?a?lot?of?money.購(gòu)買房子時(shí)，人們是在進(jìn)行大筆的投資。
The?company?invested?thousands?in?an?electronic?order-control?system.
公司耗資數(shù)千購(gòu)買了一套電子訂單管理系統(tǒng)。
I?would?rather?invest?time?in?Rebecca?than?in?the?kitchen.
我寧愿把時(shí)間花在麗貝卡身上也不愿花在廚房里。
【拓展】①investment n.投資，投資額：
He said the government must introduce tax incentives to encourage?investment
他說(shuō)政府必須推出稅收激勵(lì)政策來(lái)鼓勵(lì)投資。
Investment is turning up sharply.投資額急劇增長(zhǎng)。
②investor n.投資人/者：
Of the 2,000 stock investors surveyed last month, 90% was found lacking financial knowledge.
在去年受調(diào)查的2000個(gè)股票投資人之中，90%被發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少經(jīng)濟(jì)知識(shí)。
investigate v.調(diào)查，研究，審查：
A UN official is said to visit our province next month to investigate the problem of housing and
education.據(jù)說(shuō)一個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)官員會(huì)在下個(gè)月來(lái)到我們省份來(lái)調(diào)查住房和教育的問(wèn)題。
The?two?officers?are?being?investigated.兩名官員正在接受審查。
【拓展】investigation n.調(diào)查，研究，審查：
Mr. Mathew, fully convinced of his son’s innocence, began to seek new evidence which
would persuade the police to reopen their investigation.馬修先生完全相信兒子的清白，他
開始尋找新的證據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)服警方重新展開此案件的調(diào)查。
We are making a thorough?investigation.我們正在進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。
invitation n.①邀請(qǐng)：I’m afraid we can’t come, but thank you for your invitation anyhow.
恐怕我們不能來(lái)，但無(wú)論如何還是要謝謝你的邀請(qǐng)。
②請(qǐng)?zhí)?柬：We had three invitations to parties.我們有三張參加聚會(huì)的請(qǐng)柬。
③誘因，招致……的行為：
An official survey shows that electricity bicycles are now the most potential invitation to traffic accidents.一個(gè)官方調(diào)查顯示，電動(dòng)車現(xiàn)在是交通事故最為可能的誘因。
Leaving your house unlocked is?an open invitation?to burglars.門不上鎖，就會(huì)引來(lái)竊賊。
invite vt.①邀請(qǐng)，招待：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
被邀請(qǐng)到聚會(huì)的絕大多數(shù)人都是著名的科學(xué)家。
②請(qǐng)求，征求：Questions are invited.歡迎提問(wèn)。
involve v.涉及，卷入，牽扯，使參與：
More than 60 people were involved in the accident.事故涉及60多人。
I?seem?to?have?involved?myself?in?something?I?don’t?understand.?
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情當(dāng)中。
Don’t involve me in your quarrel. I have nothing to do with it.
不要把我牽扯到你們的吵架之中，我跟這事一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒(méi)有。
Involving themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.
參與社區(qū)服務(wù)，學(xué)生可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
iron n.①鐵：Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。
So long as you work hard enough, an iron rod can be ground into a needle.只要功夫深，鐵杵磨成針。
②熨斗：She bought an electric iron.他買了個(gè)電熨斗。
v.熨燙：Her skirt had been so crushed in packing that she had to iron it before going out.
她的裙子被弄皺了，她出門前得熨一下。
island n.島：Britain is an island.英國(guó)是個(gè)島國(guó)。
issue n.問(wèn)題，議題，出版，發(fā)行，(報(bào)刊等)期、號(hào)，論點(diǎn)，結(jié)果：
We need to raise public awareness to the environmental issue.我們需要提高公眾對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)。
I?used?to?read?every?issue?from?cover?to?cover.以前我每一期都會(huì)從頭讀到尾。
Shares?in?the?company?slipped?below?their?issue?price?on?their?first?day?of?trading.?
該公司股票價(jià)格在首個(gè)交易日就跌破了發(fā)行價(jià)。
Such?an?arrangement?is?normal?in?German?politics and?its?odd?voting?system almost?forces?the?issue.?
這在德國(guó)政壇是正?，F(xiàn)象。德國(guó)獨(dú)特的投票機(jī)制幾乎必然會(huì)造成這樣的結(jié)果。
it pron.①它：How much did it cost?它花了多少錢？
②(表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離等的詞)：It’s very cold today.今天很冷。
③(指上文提到的情況)：He smokes in bed and I don’t like it.他在床上抽煙，我不喜歡他這樣。
④(籠統(tǒng)地談?wù)撃城闆r)：I cannot help it.沒(méi)辦法了。
⑤(指性別或身份不明的人)：
There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.有人在敲門，一定是郵遞員。
⑥(用作形式主語(yǔ))：It’s a pity that you forget.你忘記了，太遺憾了。
⑦(用作形式賓語(yǔ))：We found it difficult to persuade her.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難說(shuō)服她。
⑧(用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)：It was yesterday that he got married.他是昨天結(jié)婚的。
【拓展】①make it做到，成功：
You’re?brave?and?courageous.?You?can?make?it.你勇敢無(wú)畏，一定會(huì)獲得成功。
②get it明白：
—Tony, do remember to send the report to the sales manager!
—Got it.
“托尼，切記將報(bào)告送給銷售經(jīng)理?！薄懊靼住！?br /> ③As sb. put it正如某人所說(shuō)，按照某人的話說(shuō)/說(shuō)法，用某人的話說(shuō)：
He?admitted?the?security?forces?might?have?made?some?mistakes,?as?he?put?it?
他承認(rèn)安全部隊(duì)，按他的話說(shuō)，可能犯了一些錯(cuò)誤。
item n.項(xiàng)目，條目，一件商品：
I am afraid we cannot include the item you suggest, as it does not fit in with the rest of the programme.
恐怕我們不能把你建議的項(xiàng)目包括在內(nèi)，因?yàn)樗贿m合節(jié)目的其余部分。
Can?we?add?up?this?item?to?the?agreement?我們可以把這一條款加入?yún)f(xié)議嗎？
And?each?item?gets?a?price.每一件商品都有一個(gè)價(jià)格。
its pron.它的：The dog hurt its foot.這條狗傷了它的腳。
France is famous for its wines.法國(guó)因它的酒而出名。
itself pron.它自己，它本身：The theory itself is all right.這理論本身沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。
The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。
jacket n.短上衣，夾克衫：
He wore a pair of dark glasses and a jacket all day long.他整天戴一副墨眼鏡，穿一件短上衣。
My jacket is made of otter skins.我的皮夾克是用水獺皮做的。
jam n. ①果醬：Wipe?the?jam?off?my?mouth,?will?you??你幫忙把我嘴上的果醬擦掉，好嗎？
②阻塞：a traffic jam交通阻塞
jar n.罐子，廣口瓶子：a jar of oil一罐油
jaw n.頜，下巴：the upper (lower) jar上(下)頜
jazz n.爵士音樂(lè)，爵士舞曲：modern jazz現(xiàn)代爵士樂(lè)
jeans n.(用復(fù)數(shù))牛仔褲：Lots of students wear jeans nowadays.現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生穿牛仔褲。
jeep n.吉普車：by jeep乘吉普車
jet n.噴氣式飛機(jī)： The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.噴氣式飛機(jī)正要起飛時(shí)出了事故。
jewel n.①寶石：He bought her a ring set with a jewel.他為她買了一只嵌有寶石的戒指。
②(常用復(fù))(鑲有寶石的)首飾：wear one’s finest jewels 戴著最好的珠寶飾物
jewellery(Am jewelry )n.(總稱)珠寶：She wears a lot of jewelry.她帶著很多首飾。
【拓展】jewelry與jewel：前者為總稱名詞，不可數(shù)；后者表示“寶石”時(shí)可數(shù)，表示“首飾”時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
job n. ①工作：He is out of a job.他失業(yè)了。
②難做的工作，費(fèi)力做的事：It was a (real) job to see the teacher.去見老師(真)是件難事。
jog v.慢跑：Mrs. Brown really ought to go on a diet. She has put on so much weight since she gave up jogging.
布朗太太真的應(yīng)該節(jié)食了。自從她放棄慢跑后，體重增加了很多。
Time keeps jogging on.時(shí)間不斷地消磨掉。
join v. ①參加，加入：He joined the army.他參軍了。
②連接，結(jié)合：Join the two ends of the rope together.把繩子的兩頭打個(gè)結(jié)給接起來(lái)。
③會(huì)合：The brook joins the river.小川同河流匯合。
【拓展】take part in/attend/join in/participate in/join辨析：
1.take part in / join in / participate in 三個(gè)詞可以互換，表示參加某種活動(dòng)但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：
①take part in指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、勞動(dòng)、游行等，往往指參加者持有積極的態(tài)度，起一份作用：
All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的學(xué)生都積極參加了大掃除。
We should take an active part in school activities. 我們應(yīng)該積極參加學(xué)校的活動(dòng)。
②join in通常指參加某種活動(dòng)，尤其指和其他人一起參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。如：
I hope you’ll all join in the discussion.我希望你們大家都參加討論。
③participate in通常指參與并分享其中的快樂(lè)。如：
Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion.希望全班同學(xué)參加討論。
I am sure the wide awake people of this country will participate in the debate.
我相信這個(gè)國(guó)家清醒的人民會(huì)參加這場(chǎng)辯論。
2. attend是“出席”的意思，表示在某種比較正式的場(chǎng)合出現(xiàn)：
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議。
Our teacher suggested that he attend a technical school.我們的老師建議他去上技校。
3. join加入(某黨派、組織、社會(huì)團(tuán)體以及參軍、入團(tuán)等)
He joined the League in 2006.他在2006年入團(tuán)。
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了入黨的那一天.
joint adj.共同的，聯(lián)合的，共享的：
Jackie?and?Ben?came?to?a?joint?decision?as?to?where?they?would?live.?
關(guān)于他們將住哪里是杰姬和本共同決定的。
Keep it in mind not to disturb the president at two o’clock this afternoon, when he will be hosting a
global joint meeting.記住下午兩點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候不要去打擾總統(tǒng)，到時(shí)他正在舉行一個(gè)全球聯(lián)合會(huì)議。
Our school along with many other brother middle schools is to take another joint test next month.
我們學(xué)校連同其他很多兄弟學(xué)校下個(gè)月還要有一次聯(lián)考。
joke n.笑話：That’s nothing but a joke.這只不過(guò)是笑話。
They played a joke on their teacher—they hid his books.
他們跟老師開個(gè)玩笑——把他的書藏了起來(lái)。
They?often?make?jokes?about?my?bald?head.他們常拿我的禿頂開玩笑。
journal n.日?qǐng)?bào)，日志，日記，定期刊物，期刊，雜志：
On?the?plane?he?wrote?in?his?journal.他在飛機(jī)上寫日記。
He?was?a?newspaperman?for?The?New?York?Times?and?some?other?journals.
他是個(gè)記者，為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和其他一些報(bào)刊撰稿。
He?just?published?a?paper?in?the?journal?Nature?analyzing?the?fires.?
他剛剛在《自然》雜志上發(fā)表了一篇分析火災(zāi)的論文。
【拓展】journalism n.新聞行業(yè)，新聞工作：
He worked as a librarian before switching to journalism.
在轉(zhuǎn)到新聞行業(yè)之前，他曾做過(guò)圖書管理員。
journalist n.記者，新聞工作者：
She?took?him?for?a?journalist.她把他錯(cuò)當(dāng)成記者了。
Now?anyone?with?a?blog?can?be?a?journalist.如今，任何擁有博客的人都可以成為新聞工作者。
journey n.①旅行，路程：
Although caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still enjoyed the journey very much.
盡管意外地被雨淋了，我們?nèi)匀幌硎苓@次旅行。
A pleasant journey to you! = I wish you a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)！
②路程：It’s about two hours’ journey.大約有兩小時(shí)的路程。
joy n. ①歡樂(lè)，高興：Hearing the news, they jumped with joy.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們高興地跳了起來(lái)。
②令人快樂(lè)的人(事)：My children are a great joy to me.我的孩子是我的一大喜悅。
【拓展】①to one’s joy 使某人高興的是：
To my joy, I passed the exam easily.令我高興的是，我輕松的通過(guò)了考試。
②joyful快樂(lè)/愉快的，高興的，令人開心的，使人喜悅/欣喜的：
Giving birth to a child is both painful and?joyful
生小孩是件既痛苦又令人高興的事。
The meeting between the two families was a joyful one.這兩家人的聚會(huì)十分愉快。
He was excited and joyful at the success.他因成功而激動(dòng)欣喜。
Our graduation was such a joyful event.我們畢業(yè)是件很高興的事。
He felt joyful to listen to jazz.他聽到爵士音樂(lè)就高興。
judge n.①裁判：He was a judge of a beauty contest.他是選美比賽裁判員。
②審判員，法官：The judge sent the man to prison for 20 years for killing his wife.
法官判處那個(gè)殺死妻子的男子入獄二十年。
v.判斷，斷定：Don’t judge by/from appearances.不要從外表下判斷。
【拓展】①judging by/from根據(jù)……判斷：
Judging from/by his accent, he may be from the south.聽他的口音，他可能是南方人。
②judgment n.判斷，鑒定，評(píng)價(jià)，裁判：
That isn’t a value?judgment, and it’s a?fact.那不是一個(gè)價(jià)值判斷，而是一個(gè)事實(shí)。
juice n.汁，果汁：One tomato juice and one soup, please.請(qǐng)來(lái)一份番茄汁和一份湯。
May I have tomato juice?給我番茄汁好嗎?
jump n.跳，跳躍：Sotomayor,?the?Cuban?holder?of?the?world?high?jump?record,?cleared?2.36metres.?
古巴的世界跳高紀(jì)錄保持者索托馬約爾跳過(guò)了2.36米。
v.①跳，跳過(guò)：The horse jumped(over)the fence.馬跳過(guò)籬笆。
You?should?not?jump?at?conclusion.你不該輕率地亂下結(jié)論。
②猛撲：The lion jumped on the trainer.獅子朝訓(xùn)獅員撲去。
junction n.連接，接合，會(huì)合點(diǎn)，接合點(diǎn)，交叉點(diǎn)：
They?saw?the?junction?of?the?Mississippi?and?the?Minnesota.?
他們看到了密西西比河和明尼蘇達(dá)河的匯合處。
This?is?an?ancient?European?tribes?living?in?what?is?now?the?junction?of?Norway?and?Denmark.?
這是一個(gè)歐洲的古老部落，生活在現(xiàn)在的挪威和丹麥的交界處。
jungle n.叢林，密林：We?went?deep?into?the?jungle.?我們走進(jìn)叢林深處。
The?mountain?area?is?covered?entirely?in?dense?jungle.?山區(qū)完全掩映在密林中。
It is the jungle law of capitalism.這正是資本主義弱肉強(qiáng)食的法則(叢林法則)。
junior adj.①初級(jí)的：My?brother?now?is?a?student?of?junior?middle?school.我弟弟現(xiàn)在在初中上學(xué)。
②地位較低的：I am junior to him in position in the company, but he doesn’t lift up horn.
盡管我在公司的職位比他低，但是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有擺架子。
③年少的：Although she is junior to me by two years, she has more working experience.
雖然她比我年少兩歲，但是她有更多的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
n.年紀(jì)較小或地位較低的人：I am his junior in life.我是他的晚輩。
just adj.公平的，公正的：You are a just person.你是一個(gè)公正的人。
He received a just punishment.他受到了公正的懲罰。
adv. ①剛才，剛剛：The bell just rang.鈴剛響過(guò)。
②正好，剛好：He came just as I was leaving.他來(lái)的時(shí)候我正好要走。
③不過(guò)，僅僅：That’s just an idea of hers.這僅僅是她一個(gè)想法而已。
④(引起注意或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)：Just a moment, please.請(qǐng)稍等片刻。
【拓展】①表示“剛剛”時(shí)，在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用：He(has)just arrived here.他剛到這兒。
②短語(yǔ)just now有兩個(gè)意思，一是表示“剛剛”，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用；二是表示“此刻”、“目前”(可視為now的加強(qiáng)說(shuō)法)：
He came back just now.他剛剛回來(lái)。
I know nothing about it just now.目前我什么也不知道。
I don’t think she saw me just now. She was just admiring the beautiful vases.
我認(rèn)為她剛才沒(méi)有看見我。她在欣賞那個(gè)美麗的花瓶。
justice n.正義，公正，公平：
As a mother I ask your justice to be merciful and not to punish my son for matters he has no control over.
作為一個(gè)母親，我請(qǐng)求你公正仁慈，不要因?yàn)槲覂鹤涌刂撇涣说氖虑槎鴳土P他。
The government work report covers a variety of issues, and social justice in particular.
政府工作報(bào)告覆蓋了很多方面的問(wèn)題，尤其是社會(huì)公平。
【拓展】Justice has long arms.天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏：
—It’s reported in the local newspaper that the murderer was caught in a small town.
—Justice has long arms.
“據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙報(bào)道那個(gè)謀殺犯在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)被抓住了?！薄疤炀W(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏?！?br /> justify v.證明……正確(或正當(dāng)、有理)，對(duì)……作出解釋/辯解：
He?made?a?half-hearted?attempt?to?justify?himself.他沒(méi)有盡力證明自己有理。
They?must?be?prepared?to?justify?any?exemption.他們必須準(zhǔn)備對(duì)任何例外作出解釋。
That company is bound to lose the case in court because no one can justify their selling pirated software
and breaking intellectual property.那家公司一定會(huì)在法庭上敗訴，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人能為他們銷售盜版軟件
和侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)辯解。

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