說明：①本系列資料的例句盡可能多地選自高考真題或各地模擬試題；
②凡是形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞在本系列資料【拓展】欄目里不予列出。
(habit—husband)
habit n.習(xí)慣：It’s a good habit to go for a walk after supper.晚飯后散步是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
As a matter of fact, breaking off/getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort as forming a good
one.事實(shí)上，改掉壞習(xí)慣就像養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣一樣需要努力。
I know I have fallen into a bad habit and that it is causing me to do something wrong.
我知道我養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣，并且這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣讓我做了錯(cuò)事。
Reading materials intended for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of garbage
sorting at a young age.
兒童讀物進(jìn)入學(xué)校，幫助他們從小養(yǎng)成垃圾分類的習(xí)慣。
A study shows that the more teenagers watch actors smoking in films, the more likely they are to get into the habit of smoking.研究表明，越多的青少年在電影中觀看演員吸煙，他們就越有可能養(yǎng)成吸煙的習(xí)慣。
He picked up the bad habit of smoking in the factory.在這個(gè)廠里他染上了吸煙的惡習(xí)
hair n.頭發(fā)，毛：He wears his hair long.他留長發(fā)。
He found a few hairs in the soup.他發(fā)現(xiàn)湯里有幾根頭發(fā)。
haircut n.(男子)理發(fā)，發(fā)型：
You ought to have a haircut.你該理發(fā)了。
I like your new haircut.我喜歡你的新發(fā)型。
half adj.半，一半：We bought the book at half the price.我們半價(jià)買了這本書。
He spends half his time watching TV.他花一半的時(shí)間看電視。
n.半，一半：Half of ten is five.10的一半是5。
Cut the cake in half into/halves.把蛋糕切成兩半。
adv.部分地，一半地：He was half asleep.他半醒半睡。
【拓展】表示“一個(gè)半……”，可用“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或用“a+單數(shù)名詞+and a half”，這類結(jié)構(gòu)若用作主語，其謂語的數(shù)用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)似乎尚有爭議，國內(nèi)出版的多數(shù)詞書都認(rèn)為一律要用單數(shù)，但是國外出版的大多數(shù)詞書則認(rèn)為應(yīng)根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)來決定其后謂語的數(shù)：
One and a half years have passed.
A year and a half has passed.已經(jīng)過去一年半了。
hall n.①門廳，過道：Hang your coat in the hall.請(qǐng)把你的外套掛在門廳里。
②大廳，禮堂：the Great Hall of the People人民大會(huì)堂
We did our exams in the school hall.我們考試是在學(xué)校大禮堂舉行的。
ham n.火腿：two whole hams兩只完整的火腿
a slice of ham一片火腿
hamburger n.漢堡包：The favorite food in the United States is the hamburger.在美國最受歡迎的食物是漢堡包。
hammer n.錘子：A hammer is a sort of tool.錘子是一種工具。
v.①用錘敲擊：Hammer the nail in.把釘子釘進(jìn)去。
②反復(fù)敲打：The police hammered the door.警察用力地拍打門。
hand n.①手：Mary clapped her hand over her mouth as soon as she realized what she had said.
瑪麗一意識(shí)到她所說的話，她就用手捂住了她的嘴。
He shook hands with all of us.他和我們一一握手。
②指針：The minute hand is longer than the hour hand.分針比時(shí)針長。
③人手，工人，援手：
We are short of hands.我們?nèi)耸植蛔恪?br /> Peter, though a green hand, has earned not only the trust of his fellow workers but also that of his boss.
雖然彼德還是個(gè)新手但他贏得同事及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的信任。
The little boy named Tom asked me to give him a hand.
那個(gè)叫湯姆的小男孩要我?guī)退话选?br /> I’m sorry. Had it not been for my illness, I would have come and lent you a hand.
很抱歉。要不是我病了，我會(huì)來幫你一把的。
【拓展】①at hand在手邊，在附近，即將到來：He lives close at hand.他就住在附近。
②by hand用手工，用專人：The letter was written by hand.這封信是用手寫的(即不是打印的)。
by hand和with one’s hand(s)均可表示“用手”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同：前者與by machine(用機(jī)器)相對(duì)，后者表示“用手”，指不是“用腳”、“用棍”等：
My shoes were made by hand.我的鞋是手工做的(即不是機(jī)器做的)。
He stroke the child with his hand.他用手打這個(gè)小孩。
③in hand在手頭，在進(jìn)行中
She?always?had?a?great?deal?of?work?in?hand,?but?no?one?ever?heard?her?complain.?
她手頭總有許多工作要做，但從沒有人聽到她發(fā)過怨言。
⑤hand in hand手拉手，聯(lián)合：
War is closely related to poverty since they always go hand in hand.
戰(zhàn)爭與貧困有密切的聯(lián)系，因?yàn)樗麄兛偸窍喟槎?br /> I?saw?them?making?their?way,?hand?in?hand,?down?the?path.
我看到他們手拉手沿著小路往前走去。
⑥on the one(other)hand一方面(另一方面)：
On the one hand, they’d love to have kids, but on the other hand they don’t want to give up
freedom.一方面，他們想要孩子，但是另一方面，他們不想放棄自由。
⑦get(or be) out of hand失控，不受約束：
Children are likely to get out of hand if no one cares about their upbringing.
如果沒有人關(guān)心他們的成長，孩子們可能會(huì)失控。
⑧with a high hand獨(dú)斷專行，強(qiáng)硬：
He acted with a high hand in this matter, without even asking for anyone else’s opinion.
他在這件事上態(tài)度獨(dú)斷專行/很強(qiáng)硬，甚至沒有征求其他任何人的意見。
⑨put/lay one’s hands on找到：
The laptop computer was here a moment ago, but I can’t put my hands it now.
筆記本電腦剛剛還在這，但是現(xiàn)在找不到了。
還有這些習(xí)語：get one’s hands dirty親自動(dòng)手；have one’s hands full忙的不可開交；beat sb. hands down打敗某人。
⑩handful n.少數(shù)，少量，一把(的量)：
Only a handful of people came.只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)人來了。
I?gave?the?beggar?a?handful?of?rice.我給了乞丐一把米。
v.遞給：Hand me the key, please.請(qǐng)把鑰匙遞給我。
【拓展】①hand back交還
Don’t?forget?to?hand?back?your?book?before?you?leave?the?reading?room.
離開閱覽室之前別忘了把書還回去。
②hand down傳下來：
The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been handed down from generation to generation.這幅畫是傳家之寶，它一代一代地傳了下來。
The billionaire handed down all his possessions to his son when he died.
這位百萬富翁在去世的時(shí)候，把所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都遺留給了他的兒子。
③hand in交來，交上去(給老師或上級(jí))：
The professor demanded that all the essays be handed in to him by Jan. 10th.
教授要求所有的論文在1月10日前交上來。
④hand out散發(fā)，分發(fā)：
The teacher handed out the examination papers.老師分發(fā)試卷。
Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prize to these gifted students at the meeting．
不是你就是校長要在會(huì)上把獎(jiǎng)品頒發(fā)/分發(fā)給這些有天賦的學(xué)生。
⑤hand over交出，讓與，移交：
She refused to hand over the door key to the landlady until she got back her deposit.
她拒絕把門上的鑰匙交給房東太太，直到她拿回押金。
handbag n.女用皮包，手提包：Whose handbag is this?這是誰的手提包？
handkerchief n.手帕：I saw her wipe her eyes with a handkerchief.我看見她用手帕擦眼睛。
handle n.柄，把手：It has a free handle.它有個(gè)活動(dòng)把手。
v.①觸，摸，拿：Please wash your hands before you handle food.請(qǐng)先洗手后拿食物。
②處理，對(duì)待：
She can handle this by herself.這點(diǎn)事她一個(gè)人辦得過來。
It was a challenging and demanding job, but anyhow he managed to handle it appropriately.
這是一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性和要求很高的工作，但無論如何，他設(shè)法妥善地處理好了。
參看詞條fly1 中的fly off the handle。
handsome adj.①(男子)英俊的：Oh, John is so handsome ,so cool!哦，約翰很英俊，真酷。
②(女子)標(biāo)致的，健美端莊的：
Do you describe her as beautiful or handsome?你是說她貌美還是說她健美？
③相當(dāng)大的，可觀的，優(yōu)厚的：
They will make a handsome profit on the property.他們會(huì)從這片地產(chǎn)中賺取豐厚的利潤。
handwriting n.書法，筆跡：Her handwriting is difficult to read.她的筆跡很難認(rèn)。
She’s the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.
她是我班書寫最棒的學(xué)生。
He looked at the envelope and recognized Jenny’s handwriting immediately.
他看看信封，馬上認(rèn)出是珍妮的筆跡。
【拓展】用于諺語：see the handwriting on the wall感到/覺察到不祥之兆
I?could?see?the?handwriting?on?the?wall?when?they?called?me?in.?
他們叫我進(jìn)去時(shí)，我感到了不祥的預(yù)兆。
handy adj.①便于使用的，方便的：
Most of today’s youngsters prefer to subscribe to their favorite journals online because they think it is both trendy and handy.大多數(shù)今天的年輕人更喜歡在網(wǎng)上定期訂購他們最喜歡的雜志，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種方式即流行又方便。
②手巧的，敏捷的：A handy man can turn his hand to anything.手巧的人什么事都能做。
③手邊的，在附近：The shops are quite handy.商店就在附近。
The emoticons come in handy when we want to stop a conversation, sparing us the embarrassment.
當(dāng)我們想要停止對(duì)話時(shí)，表情符號(hào)就派上用場了，這樣我們就不用尷尬了。
hang(hung, hung或hanged, hanged)v.
①絞死，上吊：He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died.妻子死后，他因悲傷而自縊。
②懸掛，吊著：
The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.墻上掛在的那幅畫是我的侄子畫的。
Can’t you see the old-fashioned gas lamp hanging from the ceiling?
你沒看到天花板上吊著的老式煤氣燈嗎？
②垂下(頭)：
Embarrassed by what he said to her, Rose hung her head and her face turned red．
蘿絲為他對(duì)她說的話感到尷尬，垂下頭來，臉紅了。
【拓展】①表示“絞死”時(shí)，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式和過去分詞均為hanged；表示“懸掛”時(shí)，為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式和過去分詞均為hung。
②由于可用作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，所以下面一例用現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞意思差不多：
He saw a photo hanging/hung on the wall.他看見墻上掛著一張照片。
③hang around/about(在……附近)閑逛，晃悠：
On?Saturdays?we?hang?about?in?the?park.每到星期六我們都在公園里閑逛。
Pat?and?I?would?hang?around?the?local?bars,?drinking?beer?and?shooting?pool.
帕特和我會(huì)游蕩在當(dāng)?shù)氐木瓢砷g里，喝啤酒和打臺(tái)球。
If?you?hang?around?with?colleagues?all?the?time?you?just?end?up?talking?shop.
如果整天和同事泡在一起的話，你最終就會(huì)變得開口閉口都是工作。
③hang on稍等，別掛斷(電話)，堅(jiān)持下去，緊緊抓住：
Hang on a minute—I’m nearly ready.稍等片刻，我這就完。
It is not easy to learn English well but if you hang on, you will succeed in the end.
學(xué)好英語不容易，但如果你堅(jiān)持最后會(huì)成功的。
Trapped in the burning building with the fierce fire totally out of control, people hung on the
windows, signing for help.被困在著火的大樓里，猛烈的火力完全失控，人們緊緊抓住窗戶，
尋求幫助。
④hang up掛斷電話：
Let?me?speak?to?Melanie?before?you?hang?up.在你掛斷電話之前，讓我和梅蘭妮說話。
⑤hang together相配合，互相支持，團(tuán)結(jié)一致：
We?can?come?through?any?difficulty?if?we?hang?together.
只要我們團(tuán)結(jié)一致，什么困難都能克服。
happen v.①(偶然)發(fā)生：
An accident happened to him.他出了事。
We will keep you informed of what will happen here.我們將把這里發(fā)生的事隨時(shí)通知你。
②碰巧：I happened to have no money with me.=It (so) happened that I had no money with me.
碰巧我沒帶錢。
How did you happen to come across the old coin?你是如何碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)那枚古幣的？
【拓展】①Do you happen to……?是一種委婉的表達(dá)：
Do you happen to know his new telephone number?你可知道他的新電話號(hào)碼？
②happen on/upon巧遇，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)：
He happened on the book in the bookstore.他在書店偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了這本書。
happiness n.幸福，愉快，高興：
The key to happiness lies in better relationships, knowledge and above all health.
幸福的關(guān)鍵在于更好的人際關(guān)系、知識(shí)，尤其是健康。
Her face was bright with happiness.她喜氣洋洋。
To her happiness, her wish was realized at last.令她高興的是，她的愿望最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
【拓展】其反義詞為unhappiness：
According to a recent survey women are more likely than men to take on signs of unhappiness and anxiety when in a position of great power at work.根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，女性在工作中處于強(qiáng)勢(shì)地位時(shí)，比男性更容易表現(xiàn)出不悅和焦慮的跡象。
happy adj.幸福的高興的，愉快的滿意的(?！?快樂的：
Don’t forget the past while we are living a happy life.當(dāng)我們過著幸福的生活時(shí)，不要忘記過去。
I’m very happy to see you.見到你我很高興。
Are you happy with his work?你對(duì)他的工作滿意嗎?
Your attitude towards life determines how happy or unhappy you are.
你對(duì)生活的態(tài)度決定你有多快樂或不快樂。
Happy birthday, Alice! So you have turned twenty-one already.艾麗絲，生日快樂！你已經(jīng)21歲了。
Happy New Year/Birthday.新年快樂/生日快樂！
【拓展】注意其副詞happily 在句中位置不同，意義有別：表示“幸福地”，用于修飾動(dòng)詞，通常緊跟在動(dòng)詞之后或位于句末；表示“幸虧”，用于修飾句子，通常置于句首。
He lived happily with his family.他與他的家人幸福地生活在一起。
Happily, the accident was prevented.幸虧事故沒發(fā)生。
harbour(Am harbor) n.港口：We reached (the) harbor at sunset.日落時(shí)我們抵達(dá)了港口。
hard adv.①努力地：The harder you try, the better you’ll do in the exam.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績就越好。
②用力地：Hit the ball hard.使勁擊球。
③猛烈地：It is raining harder and harder.雨下得越來越大。
adj. ①困難的：Everything’s hard in the beginning.萬事開頭難。
②用力的：Give it a hard push, then it will move.用力推它，它就會(huì)移動(dòng)。
③堅(jiān)硬的：This ground is too hard to dig.這塊地硬得挖不動(dòng)。
④嚴(yán)厲的，苛刻的：Don’t?be?so?hard?on?him.別對(duì)他太苛刻了。
hardly adv.幾乎不，簡直不：
I can hardly imagine Peter accepting the decision without any consideration.
我?guī)缀鯚o法想象彼得會(huì)未加任何考慮就接受了這個(gè)決定。
I hardly ever heard him singing.我?guī)缀鯊奈绰犓^歌。
The clock is hardly worth repairing.這臺(tái)鐘簡直不值得修理。
【拓展】①hardly ever很少(hardly若置于句首，則句子用倒裝)：
He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.他很少在午夜以前就寢。
Hardly did he sleep last night.他昨晚幾乎沒睡。
②hardly…when 一……就……(hardly若置于句首，則句子用倒裝，主句要用過去完成時(shí))=no sooner…than…：
她剛到就下起雪來了。
Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
They had hardly got to the bus stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
They had no sooner got to the bus stop than the bus suddenly pulled away.
他們剛到公共汽車站，公共汽車就突然開走了。
No sooner had they got to the bus stop than the bus suddenly pulled away.
還有hardly…before…的句型：
I had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and my son rushed out to greet me.我剛一按門鈴，門就突然開了，我兒子就沖出來迎接我。
hardship n.困難，苦頭，辛酸：
Since he has gone through a lot of hardship, he looks older than his real age.
由于他經(jīng)歷了很多艱難困苦，他看起來比實(shí)際年齡要老。
My?mother?suffered?all?kinds?of hardships?throughout her?life.我母親一生嘗到了各種辛酸.
hardworking adj.用功的，勤勉的：
Our school has an absolute advantage over others, for we have the most hardworking teachers and
students.我們學(xué)校比其他學(xué)校有絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)槲覀冇凶钋趭^的老師和學(xué)生。
The Chinese are a hardworking and brave people.中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。
harm n.傷害，損傷：There is no harm in trying.試一試沒有害處。
A few late nights never did anyone any harm.熬幾個(gè)晚上對(duì)任何人絕無害處。
v.傷害，損傷：One?should?never?intend?to?do?harm?to/be harmful to?others,?but?should?always?guard?against the?harm?others?might?do?to?him.害人之心不可有，防人之心不可無。
harmful adj.有害的，致傷的：
Drinking too much is harmful to our health, but people seem not to care.
喝酒太多對(duì)我們的健康有害，但是人們似乎并不在乎。
【拓展】harmless adj.無害的，不致傷的：
It is harmless for the health.它對(duì)健康無害。
It’s a harmless snake.那是一條無毒蛇。
It’s harmless to animals.這對(duì)動(dòng)物無害。
harmony n.①和睦，和諧(相處)：
All the nations, powerful or not, should be in harmony with each other.
所有國家，無論強(qiáng)大與否，都應(yīng)和睦相處。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and
development.中國夢(mèng)是一個(gè)增強(qiáng)人們幸福感的夢(mèng)，是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。
There used to be a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its
surroundings.句意:在美國中心地帶曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，所有的生命都與環(huán)境和諧相處。
②和聲：They sang in harmony.他們唱和聲。
【拓展】harmonious adj.友好和睦的，和諧的，協(xié)調(diào)的，諧調(diào)的：
We?are?living?in?a?harmonious?community.?
我們生活在一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)當(dāng)中。
harvest n.①收割，收獲(期)：The weather changed at (the) harvest.收獲時(shí)節(jié)天氣變壞。
②收成，收獲物，收獲量：
As a result of the farmers’ hardworking, they harvested the wheat this year twice as much as they did the year before.由于農(nóng)民們辛勞的勞作，他們今年收獲的小麥?zhǔn)侨ツ甑膬杀丁?br /> v.收割，收獲：The farmers are out harvesting (the corn).農(nóng)民們?cè)诘乩锸崭?作物)。
hat n. (有邊的)帽子：He is wearing a hat.他戴著帽子。
hate v.①恨，憎恨：I hate such cruelty.我憎恨這種殘酷的事。
②不喜歡，不愿意：
My grandfather is as energetic as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
我祖父像年輕人一樣精力充沛，不喜歡整天無所事事。
n.憎恨，厭惡：She looked at me with hate in her eyes.她以憎恨的眼光看著我。
【拓展】①其后可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語：
I hate to trouble/troubling him.我不想去麻煩他。
I hate women smoking/to smoke.我不喜歡女人抽煙。
②若與would, should連用，則其后只接不定式：
I’d hate to move to another house now.我不想現(xiàn)在搬到別處去。
③通常只用作及物動(dòng)詞，若后面直接跟if和when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，習(xí)慣上先接
it再接從句：
Do you hate it when they play the same song again and again over the radio?
你討厭他們?cè)谑找魴C(jī)里一遍又一遍地播放同一首歌嗎？
I?hate?it?if?you?say?such?things?in?public.我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。
④hate to say it：
I?hate?to?say?it,?but?she’s?really?impolite.我真不想這么說，但她真的很沒有禮貌。
I?hate?to?say?it,?but?it’s?true.我不想多嘴，但的確是這樣。
Well,?I?hate?to?say?it,?but?that?was?a?colossal?failure!
嗨，我討厭提這事，可那實(shí)在是個(gè)巨大的失??！
⑤hateful adj.可惡的，十分討厭的，充滿憎恨的：
He is really hateful to me.他真的令我討厭。
I’m sorry. That was a hateful remark to say.對(duì)不起，我不該說那么充滿憎恨的話。
⑥hatred n.仇恨，憎恨，厭惡：
There was fear and hatred in his voice.他的聲音里透露著恐懼和仇恨。
The?naked?hatred?in?the?woman’s?face?shocked?me.
那位女士一臉毫不掩飾的憎恨讓我震驚。
have(has, had, had) v.
①有，擁有，具有：She has got a good memory.她記性很好。
②吃，喝，吸(煙)：We usually have a sandwich for lunch.我午飯時(shí)通常吃塊三明治。
③進(jìn)行，從事：May I have the first dance (with you)?我可以請(qǐng)你跳第一個(gè)舞嗎？
④忍受，允許：I won’t have it.我受不了。
⑤拿，受，取得，體驗(yàn)：She had a good education.她受過良好教育。
⑥經(jīng)歷，遭受：She has got a bad headache.她頭痛得厲害。
⑦讓，使：I had my hair cut.我理了發(fā)。/ I had them all laughing at my jokes.我的笑話使他們捧腹大笑。
⑧(用作助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成完成式)：He has lived here since 1990.1990年以來他一直住在這里。
⑨(構(gòu)成虛擬語氣)：If I had been present, I should have corrected him to his face.
如果我當(dāng)時(shí)在現(xiàn)場，我會(huì)當(dāng)面糾正他。
【拓展1】①have on穿著，戴著，有安排，有計(jì)劃：
He had nothing on except a hat.他身上一絲不掛，只是戴了頂帽子。
I have nothing on for tonight.我今晚沒什么事。
②have(got)to不得不，必須：
We don’t have to haven’t got to get up early tomorrow.我們明天不必早起。
【拓展2】表示“使”、“讓”時(shí)，注意以下相似結(jié)構(gòu)的用法區(qū)別：
①have sb. do sth.叫(請(qǐng)，使)某人做某事，容忍或允許某人做某事：
He had his son clean the car.他叫他的兒子擦車。
I won’t have you tell me what to do.我不能讓你對(duì)我做的事指手劃腳。
(該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞do不能帶to，比較：I have a lot of work to do.我有許多工作要做。)
②have sb.(sth.)doing sth.使(讓)某人(某物)一直做在做某事；容忍或允許某人做某事；說服或命令某人做某事：
He had the light burning all night.他讓燈亮了一整夜。
He won’t have boys arriving late.他不允許孩子們遲到。
He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.他叫我為她做各種事情。
③have sth. done請(qǐng)(讓)別人做某事；經(jīng)歷或遭遇某情況；完成或解決某事：
We had the machine repaired.我們請(qǐng)人修理了機(jī)器。
I had my watch stolen yesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected.我已把所有的錯(cuò)誤都改正過來了。
We won’t have anything said against the Party.我們不允許有人這樣攻擊黨。
he pron.①他：He must be more careful.他必須更仔細(xì)。
②它(指雄性動(dòng)詞)：Be careful of that dog－h(huán)e sometimes bites.小心那只狗，它有時(shí)會(huì)咬人。
③人，那個(gè)人：Everyone should do what he considers best.人人都應(yīng)做他認(rèn)為最好的事。
head n.①頭：My head aches.我頭疼。
②頭腦，才智：Use your head.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子。
③首腦，頭目：
The manager and heads of the sections will spend the morning locked in the meeting room, discussing the problems they are facing.經(jīng)理和各部門的頭頭整個(gè)上午都在開閉門會(huì)議，討論他們面臨的問題。
v.①站在……前頭，率領(lǐng)：His name heads the list.他名列前茅。
②出發(fā)，(船等)駛向：
We headed him towards the field.我們讓他朝田野走。
—Where are you heading for?你出發(fā)去哪兒？
—I’m going to the airport to pick up my friend. 我要去機(jī)場接我的朋友。
【拓展】用于諺語：hit the nail on the head, laugh one’s head off：
Your?analysis?really?hit?the?nail?on?the?head.你的分析確實(shí)一針見血。
You?really?hit?the?nail?on?the?head?with?that?remark.您這一句話算是說到點(diǎn)子上了。
He?had?hit?the?nail?on?the?head.他擊中了問題的要害。
He?laughed?his?head?off?when?he?read?the?comic.這篇漫畫令他笑到肚痛。
In?the?sad?part,?the?dog?cried?his?eyes?out,?and?in?the?funny?part,?the?dog?laughed?its?head?off.?
當(dāng)遇到悲傷的情節(jié)時(shí)，這只狗失聲痛哭，而在搞笑的部分，它就狂笑不止。
headache n.①頭疼：Just when we are going to have a holiday, my little son must have a headache.
當(dāng)我們要去度假的時(shí)候，我的小兒子偏偏頭疼。
②頭疼的事：Trying to make her eat is one big headache.想設(shè)法讓她吃飯是令人頭痛的事。
headline n.①(報(bào)刊的)大字標(biāo)題(頭條新聞)：
While the price of food and oil hit the headline, perhaps we should be worried more about water.
雖然食品和石油價(jià)格成為頭條新聞，但或許我們應(yīng)該更加擔(dān)心水的問題。
②(常用復(fù))新聞內(nèi)容提要：Here are news headlines.以下是新聞內(nèi)容提要。
headmaster/mistress n.(英)中小學(xué)校長/女校長：
I believe she has some influence with the?headmaster--she might persuade?him.
我相信她的話在校長面前有一些分量，她有可能說服他。
It is said that the headmistress hired three months ago will soon be fired.
據(jù)說三個(gè)月前聘用的女校長很快就會(huì)被解雇。
health n. ①健康(狀況)：
Keep your child off drugs, or it will lead many serious health and behavior problems.
讓你的孩子遠(yuǎn)離毒品，否則它會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多嚴(yán)重的健康和行為問題。
He is in good (poor) health.他身體健康(不好)。
Health is better than wealth.健康勝過財(cái)富。
②(敬酒時(shí)用語)：Here is to your health.祝你健康！
healthy adj.健康的，健壯的有益于健康的，有益于身心的：
Many seniors attend evening schools, believing that it helps to keep the brain active and the body
healthy.很多老人都在夜校上課，認(rèn)為這樣做可以保持思維敏捷和身體健康。
hear(heard, heard) v.
①聽(見)：John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much.
約翰昨天和我談了約一個(gè)小時(shí)的話。我以前從未聽過他說那么多話。
②聽說，得知：I hear (that) she has gone to the south.我聽說她到南方去了。
【拓展】①hear about聽說，得知：
I’ve never heard about this.我從未聽人說起過這件事。
②hear from從……聽來，收到……的來信：
?Mike,?I?hear?from?Alice?you’re?getting?married.?Congratulations!
邁克，我聽艾麗絲說你要結(jié)婚了。祝賀你！
We are looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
我們期待著盡快收到你的來信。
③hear of聽說，了解：Have you ever heard of him?你聽說過他嗎？
—When did you last year hear from Bossimi?
—You must make a mistake I have never heard of such a person.
“你去年什么時(shí)候收到波西米的來信的？”
“你一定是搞錯(cuò)了吧！我從沒聽說過這樣的一個(gè)人?！?br /> ④在“hear+賓語+動(dòng)詞(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞可以是動(dòng)詞原形(不帶to的不定式)、現(xiàn)在分詞(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)、過去分詞(表示與其前的賓語有被動(dòng)關(guān)系)：
I heard him sing/singing.我聽見他唱歌。
I heard your name called, Jim.吉姆，我聽見叫你的名字了。
(但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式要帶to：She was heard to say so.有人聽見她這樣說。)
hearing n.①聽力：His hearing is very sharp.他的聽覺很靈敏。
②聽力范圍之內(nèi)：Don’t talk about it in his hearing.不要在他聽得見的地方說這件事。
heart n.①心，心臟：My heart beats fast (slow).我的心跳得快(慢)。
②心地，心情，心腸，感情：
No one can be more warm-hearted; he has a heart of gold.沒有人比他更熱心了，他有一顆金子般的心。
③核心，中心，實(shí)質(zhì)，要點(diǎn)：The?heart?of?the?problem?is?supply?and?demand.問題的核心是供求關(guān)系。
【拓展】①learn/know by heart默記地，記下：
Whoever wants to study English well must learn the ways by heart.
任何想學(xué)好英語的人都必須牢記這些方法。
You have to know all the music by heart.你得把整個(gè)曲子都記住。
②heart and soul全心全意地，全部心思地，完全地：
He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul, regardless of his personal gain
and loss.他通過全心全意為人民服務(wù)，為大家樹立了榜樣，不計(jì)個(gè)人得失。
③lose heart灰心：Don’t lose your heart. Try again, and you will succeed.
不要灰心。再試一次，你就會(huì)成功。
④lose one’s heart to傾心于，愛上：
She?lost her heart to?the soldier with the broad shoulders and the deep voice.?
她傾心于那個(gè)肩膀?qū)掗煟曇羯畛恋膽?zhàn)士。
⑤warm/kind-hearted熱/好心(腸)的：
A?warm-hearted?man acted as a go-between for him and introduced him to a?girl.
一個(gè)熱心人牽線搭橋給他介紹了一位姑娘。
She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.
她是一位好心腸的女士常常對(duì)那些處于困境中的人們表示出同情。?
heat n.熱，熱度，高溫：
The sun from which we get heat and light is the most important source of energy.
我們獲得熱和光的太陽是最重要的能源。
Metals melt with heat.金屬在高溫下熔化。
v.變熱，把……加熱：
We’ll heat some milk for(the)coffee.我們會(huì)熱一些牛奶來沖咖啡。
After a heated discussion, they still don’t know at all what he is working on.
經(jīng)過激烈的討論，他們?nèi)匀灰稽c(diǎn)也不知道他在做什么。
heaven n.①(常用復(fù))天空：
Just as the game started, the heavens opened and it poured with rain.
球賽剛一開始，天門就大開，大雨傾盆而下。
②(只用單)上帝，神：
It was the will of Heaven.這是天意。
Heaven knows!天曉得！
【拓展】Good Heavens!(表驚奇)：Good Heavens! I’ve won￡100!天呀！我贏了100英鎊！
heavy adj.①重的：Lead is a heavy metal.鉛是重金屬。
He was absent because he had caught a heavy cold.他因患重感冒而缺席。
②繁重的，沉重的：
We can hardly imagine Tom finishing the heavy task in a single day.
我們很難想象湯姆在一天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)繁重的任務(wù)。
Heavy debts have left the firm faced with an economic squeeze in the financial crisis.
沉重的債務(wù)使這家公司在金融危機(jī)中面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)緊縮。
③大的，大量的：
The fog was very heavy and consequently all the flights were cancelled.
這場霧很大，因此所有的航班都被取消了。
The traffic was very heavy this morning.今天上午交通非常擁擠。
height n.高，高度：Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
接近市中心時(shí)，我們看見一個(gè)高10米的石像。
The aircraft was gaining height.飛機(jī)在不斷升高。
helicopter n.直升飛機(jī)：We decided to go by helicopter.我們決定乘直升飛機(jī)前往。
hell n.地獄，苦難的經(jīng)歷，悲慘的境況：
My?back’s?giving?me?hell,?let?me?tell?you!?告訴你吧，我的背可讓我受夠罪了！
Whatever?the?outcome,?it’s?going?to?be?one?hell?of?a?fight.不管結(jié)果如何，這都會(huì)是場艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗。
【拓展】用于俗語：go to hell完蛋，滾開/蛋，下地獄，見鬼去吧：
“Well,?you?can?go?to?hell!” He?swept?out?of?the?room.?
“嘿，你給我有多遠(yuǎn)滾多遠(yuǎn)！”他昂首闊步走出了房間。
Stop telling me what to do—You can go to hell!對(duì)我說怎么辦你見鬼去吧！
hello interj.喂，你好：Hello! This is Mr.Brown speaking.喂！我是布朗。
n.(表問候)：Say hello to your mother.= ell your mother “hello” for me.代我問候你母親。
helmet n.頭盔：Motor cyclists in Britain must wear helmets.在英國騎摩托車必須戴頭盔。
help n.①幫助，幫忙，援助：But for your help, we could not have finished such hard work in time.
要不是有你的幫助，我們不可能及時(shí)完成這么艱巨的任務(wù)。
②幫手，有益的事物：He was a great help to me when I was ill.我生病的時(shí)候他可幫了大忙了。
v.①幫助，幫忙，援助：
As is often the case, he stays at home at the weekend, helping his parents with the housework.
周末他待在家里幫父母做家務(wù)，這是常有的事。
②替(某人或自己)取(食物，飲料等)：He helps himself to some tea.他自己動(dòng)手弄點(diǎn)茶喝。
③促進(jìn)，助長：Trade helps the development of industry.貿(mào)易促進(jìn)工業(yè)的發(fā)展。
【拓展】①cannot help忍不住，禁不?。?br /> People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor in the procession.
人們情不自禁地嘲笑那位愚蠢的國王。
can’t help doing sth.與can’t help to do sth.：前者表示“禁不住做某事”，后者表示“不能幫助做某事”：
I’m too busy, and I can’t help to do the work.我太忙了，不能幫忙做這工作。
②cannot help but不得不，無奈：
They?cannot?help?but?admit?that?the?Chinese?people?are?a?great?people.?
他們不得不承認(rèn)，中華民族是一個(gè)偉大的民族。
I?cannot?help?but?often?think?of?my?parents.我禁不住經(jīng)常想到我的父母。
③with one’s help/with the help of在某人的幫助下：
With the help of my teacher/With the my teacher’s help, I have caught up with others.
在老師的幫助下，我趕上了其他人。
④help yourself自取，隨便吃，不用客氣：
If?you?are?hungry,?please?help?yourself.?你若餓了，請(qǐng)您隨便吃。
—May I use your dictionary？I’m stuck in the sentence.
—It’s just on my desk Help yourself.
“可以用你的字典嗎？這個(gè)句子把我卡住了?！?br /> “字典就在我的桌子上，請(qǐng)自便?！?br /> ⑤helpless adj.無助的：
He lay helpless on the floor.他無助地躺在地板上。
⑥help out幫忙，幫助，幫助擺脫困境：
I don’t work here full-time. I am just helping out temporarily.
我不是全職在這里工作。我只是暫時(shí)幫忙的。
We?are?glad?to?do?what?we?can?do?to?help you?out.我們樂意盡力幫你擺脫困境。
helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的：
He’s always very helpful to his mother.他一向都是母親的得力幫手。
Ann has been most helpful to me；in fact I don’t know what I should have done without her.
安對(duì)我?guī)椭艽螅聦?shí)上，我不知道沒有她我該怎么辦。
【拓展】下面兩句所用介詞不同，含義不同：
It was helpful of you to do that.你那樣做可幫了大忙。
It’s helpful for you to do that.那樣做對(duì)你是有幫助的。
hen n.母雞：Hens lay eggs.母雞下蛋。
her pron.她(賓格)，她的(所有格)：
I went in the room and told?her?I had something to say to?her.我走進(jìn)房間，告訴她我有話要和她說。
She?dreamed?about?her?baby.她夢(mèng)見了她的寶寶。
herb n.草本植物，草藥：No herb will cure love.相思病無藥可治。
here adv.①這里，在這里，向這里：She’ll stay here for a week.她將在這里待一星期。
②(用于句首并引出倒裝)：Here comes the bus. Let’s get on.車來了，咱們上去吧。
Here it comes!它來了！
③在這點(diǎn)上：Here we agree.在這一點(diǎn)上我們意見一致。
【拓展】here and there到處：There were people here and there along the beach.海灘上到處是人。
hero n.①英雄，勇士：I don’t want to be an unknown hero.我不想當(dāng)無名英雄。
②男主角，男主人公：She?asked?the?author?if?she?had?modeled?her?hero?on?anybody?in?particular.
她問作者書中的男主人公是否是以某個(gè)人為原型。
heroine n.①女英雄，女豪杰：The?heroine?dies?at?the?end?of?the?movie.電影中的女英雄在最后死了。
②女主角，女主人公：The?heroine?is a senior TV?executive.女主角是一名電視臺(tái)的高級(jí)主管。
The?hero?said?to?the?heroine, “I?will?wait?for?you?till?the?end?of?the?world.”
男主人公對(duì)女主人公說：“我一定會(huì)等你到地老天荒。”
hers pron.(名詞性物主代詞)她的：His hand as it shook?hers?was warm and?firm.和她握手時(shí)他的手溫暖而有力。
herself pron.(反身代詞)她自己：
How?can?anyone?blame?her?for?actions?for?which?she?feels?herself?to?be?in?no?way?responsible??
她認(rèn)為自己對(duì)這些行動(dòng)不負(fù)有責(zé)任，別人怎么還能因此而責(zé)備她呢？
hesitate v.躊躇，猶豫：
He hesitated about joining the expedition.他對(duì)于是否參加遠(yuǎn)征隊(duì)猶豫不決。
She hesitated at the gate of the canteen, wondering whether to enter or not.
她在食堂門口猶豫起來，不知道要不要進(jìn)去。
Don’t hesitate to phone if you have any problems.如有問題，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)來電查詢。
【拓展】without(any)hesitation毫不猶豫：
Seeing that the drowning child was struggling in the icy water, the soldier dived into the river without hesitation, regardless of his own safety.看那溺水的孩子在冰冷的水中掙扎，那位戰(zhàn)士跳入河中沒有絲毫的猶豫，不顧自己的安全。
hi interj.喂，你好！，嗨：
“Hi,?Liz,” she?said?shyly.?“你好，利茲，”她靦腆地說。
Hi!?How?are?you?doing??嗨！你近來怎么樣？
hide(hid, hidden) v.把……藏起來，隱藏：
The moon was hidden by clouds.月亮被烏云遮蔽了。
She tried to hide her feelings.她設(shè)法掩藏她的感情。
I?have?absolutely?nothing?to?hide,?I?have?done?nothing?wrong.我絕對(duì)沒有什么好隱瞞的，我沒有做錯(cuò)什么。
high adj.①高的：The building is nine stories high.那座樓有九層高。
He studied hard and got high marks.他學(xué)習(xí)努力，因此得了高分。
②高級(jí)的，高等的：a high school 高級(jí)中學(xué) higher education 高等教育
adv.高高地：They climbed high up the tree.他們爬樹爬得很高。
【拓展】high與highly的辨析：
兩者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具體的高，且主要修飾動(dòng)詞；highly?主要表示很高的程度(意為“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修飾動(dòng)詞(如?speak,?praise,?think?of等)外，還通常用于修飾分詞或形容詞(尤其是那些由動(dòng)詞派生而來的形容詞, 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于?very?much)：
He?climbed?high.他爬得很高。
They?thought?very?highly?of?him.他們對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)很高。
It’s?highly?likely?that?he?will?succeed.很可能他會(huì)成功。
It?was?highly?confidential.這是高度機(jī)密的。
The?industry?of?France?was?not?yet?highly?developed.那時(shí)法國的工業(yè)尚未高度發(fā)展。
highway n.公路，大道：
It is reported that a bus went out of control on a highway south of the city last night.
據(jù)報(bào)道昨天晚上在城南的高速公路上有一輛公共汽車失控了。
The new highway will reduce the driving time to the beach.新建公路將縮短駕車前往海灘的時(shí)間。
hill n.①小山，丘陵：The house is on the side of a hill.那所房子坐落在山坡上。
②土堆，斜坡：I pushed my bike up the hill.我推著自行車上山坡。
him pron.(賓格)他，它(雄性)：
John’s?aunt?died?suddenly?and?left?him?a?surprisingly?large?sum?
約翰的嬸嬸突然去世了，留給他一筆巨額財(cái)產(chǎn)。
My?brother?had?a?lovely?dog.?I?looked?after?him?for?about?a?week.?
我哥哥有一只可愛的狗。我照看了它約一周。
himself pron.(反身代詞)他自己：
He poured?himself?a whisky and sat down in the?chair.他給自己倒了一杯威士忌，然后坐在椅子上。
hire v.租用，雇用：
To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.租車須出示護(hù)照及有效駕照。
It?became?increasingly?expensive?to?hire?casual?workers.雇用臨時(shí)工越來越貴了。
【拓展】hire oneself out打工，受雇于人：
Farmers?used?to?hire?themselves?out?for?the?summer.農(nóng)民們過去經(jīng)常整個(gè)夏天在外面打工.
his pron.①(所有格)他的：
He?spent?a?large?part?of?his?career?in?Hollywood.
他的職業(yè)生涯中有很長一段時(shí)間是在好萊塢度過的。
②(物主代詞)他的，他的東西：
This?is?the?last?thing?of?his?I?have?about?me.這是我身邊最后一樣他的東西了！
③(泛指一般人)：Everyone must do his best.人人都應(yīng)盡全力。
historic adj.歷史上最著名的，有歷史意義的：
The?historic?building?is?as?much?part?of?our?heritage?as?the?paintings.?
這座歷史建筑和這些畫一樣，都是留給我們的文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分。
He?described?Britain’s?entry?into?the?European?Exchange?Rate?Mechanism?as?an?historic?move.?
他將英國加入歐洲匯率機(jī)制描述為具有歷史意義的一步。
historical adj. (有關(guān))歷史的，歷史研究的，歷史題材的：
He?is?writing?a?historical?novel?about?nineteenth-century?France.?
他正在寫一本描述十九世紀(jì)法國的歷史小說。
The?central?section?of?the?book?is?a?historical?overview?of?drug?use.?
該書的核心部分對(duì)毒品的使用作了歷史概述。
I would rather study history than geography because I can learn a lot from many historical figures.
我寧可學(xué)歷史也不愿意學(xué)習(xí)地理因?yàn)槲铱梢詮暮芏鄽v史人物身上學(xué)到很多。
【拓展】historic與historical的區(qū)別：
①historic?主要指歷史上有名或具有歷史意義，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)其影響性：
a historic character?歷史名人 a historic building?具有歷史意義的建筑
Proper measures should be taken immediately to preserve our historic and cultural
heritage.必須立即采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┍Ｗo(hù)歷史文化遺產(chǎn)。
②historical?主要指歷史上發(fā)生過或存在過的，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)其真實(shí)性：
a historical novel?歷史小說 a historical character?歷史人物
It’s unfair to judge historical events by today’s standards.
以今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)判歷史事件是不公平的。
The historical site opened as a public park three years ago and now it attracts a constant stream of visitors every day.這個(gè)歷史遺址三年前作為公共公園開放，現(xiàn)在每天都吸引著源源不斷的游客。
③有時(shí)同一個(gè)名詞，用兩者修飾都可以，但含義不同：我們說歷史上某一次戰(zhàn)斗是?a historic event，那是說這次戰(zhàn)斗在歷史上有名或有影響；同時(shí)也可以說它是?a historical event，那是說它在歷史上的確發(fā)生過。
history n.①歷史，歷史學(xué)：It was an important moment in history.那是歷史上的重要時(shí)刻。
②(用單數(shù))來歷，經(jīng)歷：This sword has a strange history.這劍有一段奇怪的來歷。
hit(hit, hit) v.①打，打擊，擊中：I was hit by a falling stone.我被落下的石塊擊中了。
②撞，碰撞：
The truth, Sir, is that the old man was walking across the street when my car hit him.
先生，事實(shí)是那個(gè)老人正在過馬路，突然我的車撞上了他。
His head hit against the wall.他的頭撞在墻上。
③抵達(dá)，到達(dá)：
The number of space launches from China this year has hit 37.
今年中國發(fā)射的航天飛機(jī)數(shù)量已達(dá)37艘。
④襲擊，侵襲：
Thick hazes have been continuing to hit some cities recently, the airport closed temporarily.最近，重
度霧霾繼續(xù)襲擊一些城市，機(jī)場臨時(shí)關(guān)閉了。
n.①打，打擊，碰撞：
Give it a good hit.用力打它一下。
Having suffered another hit in his business, Mr. Green hasn’t got the courage to try again.
格林先生的生意又遭受了打擊，沒有勇氣再試一次。
②很受歡迎的人(或事)：
Her new series is a smash hit.她的新系列節(jié)目極為成功，引起轟動(dòng)。
The song became a massive hit in 1945.這首歌在1945年風(fēng)靡大江南北。
【拓展】It hit sb. that 主語+謂語+其他.=It occurred to sb. that主語+謂語+其他：某人突然想起……：。
It hit me that I had forgotten his birthday.我突然想起我忘了他的生日。
參看上面的hit the nail on the head。
hobby n.業(yè)余愛好，嗜好：
He has a good hobby.他有良好的業(yè)余愛好。
Her hobby is growing roses.她的愛好是種植玫瑰。
I have no particular?hobby.我沒什么特別的嗜好。
hold(held, held) v.
①拿，抱，握：The mother held the child tightly in her grasp.母親把孩子緊緊抱住。
②召開，舉行，進(jìn)行：
Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the work plan next year.
比爾建議就明年的工作計(jì)劃開個(gè)會(huì)。
③容納：This room can hold 50 people.這個(gè)房間可以容納50人。
④持續(xù)，耐久：How long will this good weather hold?這好天氣將繼續(xù)多久？
n.(用單數(shù))掌握，把握：Take/Get/Catch hold of the rope, and we’ll pull you up.抓住繩子，我們把你拉下來。
【拓展】①hold back阻止……前進(jìn)，抑制：
No one can hold back the wheel of the history.誰也阻擋不了歷史的車輪。
The police held back the crowd.警察把人群攔住了。
You?seem?to?be?holding?something?back.?你好像隱瞞了點(diǎn)什么。
②hold on繼續(xù)，等一等，別掛斷(電話)，堅(jiān)持：
If you hold on for a mount, I’ll get him for you.請(qǐng)你等一會(huì)兒，別掛斷，我去找他。
Being able to shine on a stage will for sure serve as a great inspiration for their future careers if they hold on.如果他們能堅(jiān)持下去，能夠在舞臺(tái)上大放異彩肯定會(huì)給他們未來的職業(yè)生涯帶來巨大的鼓舞。
③hold out伸出，堅(jiān)持，遞過來，拿出：
“I’m?Nancy?Drew,” she?said,?holding?out?her?hand.“我是南?！さ卖?，”她伸出手來說。
He?can?only?hold?out?a?few?more?weeks.他只能再堅(jiān)持幾周了。
Max?held?out?his?cup?for?a?refill.馬克斯遞過杯子來要再續(xù)一杯。
Mary wasn’t satisfied with the blue dress, so the shopkeeper held out another dress for
her to try on.瑪麗對(duì)藍(lán)裙子不滿意，所以店員拿出了另一條讓她試。
④hold up阻滯，耽擱：
I was held up in the rush hour for nearly an hour.交通高峰時(shí)我因堵車而耽擱了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。
另外hold off推遲，拖延，抵擋：
Could?you?hold?off?your?decision?until?next?week??你可以推遲到下星期再做決定嗎？
The?soldiers?managed?to?hold?off?the?enemy.戰(zhàn)士兵們抵擋住了敵人的進(jìn)攻。
hole n.洞，坑：The men have dug a hole in the road.這些人在路上挖了個(gè)洞。
holiday n.假日，假期：
After all that hard work, you really deserve a holiday.在辛苦了這么長時(shí)間之后，你真得好好度個(gè)假了。
The typist is away on holiday this week.打字員本周休假。
holy adj.圣潔的，神圣的，上帝的：
It has been said that Mona Lisa’s smile was so pleasing that it seemed holy rather than human.
據(jù)說蒙娜麗莎的微笑如此迷人，以至于它看起來是神而不是人。
The Bible is the holy book of Christians.《圣經(jīng)》是基督徒的關(guān)于上帝的書。
home n.①家：The nurse visits patients in their homes.護(hù)士對(duì)病人進(jìn)行家訪。
②家鄉(xiāng)，故鄉(xiāng)：
She was born in England, but she now looks on Hong Kong as her home.
她生于英國，但現(xiàn)在把香港當(dāng)作她的家鄉(xiāng)。
Australia?is home to/the home of?kangaroos.澳洲是袋鼠的家園。
adv.到家，回家，在家：What time did you arrive home last night?昨天晚上你幾點(diǎn)鐘回家的？
【拓展】①at home在家，在家會(huì)客：
I would rather stay at home than go out at the weekend.
周末我寧愿待在家里也不愿意出去。
He’s in, but he’s not at home.他在家，但他不會(huì)客。
②be/feel at home覺得舒適，精通：He doesn’t feel at home here.他在這兒感到不習(xí)慣。
③homeless adj.無家可歸的，露宿風(fēng)餐：
The scheme has been set up to help homeless people.這個(gè)計(jì)劃的目的是幫助無家可歸的人。
After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation
for the homeless families.
地震之后，當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患虑榫褪墙o那些無家可歸的人提供住處。
④homesick adj.想家的，患思鄉(xiāng)病的，其名詞為homesickness：
She’s feeling a little homesick.她有點(diǎn)想家。
A letter from his mother set off an attack of homesickness.
來自他母親的一封信引發(fā)了他的思家之情。
homeland n.祖國：Many?are?planning?to?return?to?their?homeland.很多人正計(jì)劃回到自己的祖國去。
hometown n.家鄉(xiāng)，故鄉(xiāng)：My?hometown?has?changed?so?much?that?I?can?hardly?recognize?it.?
家鄉(xiāng)變化太大了，我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出來了。
homework n.家庭作業(yè)：The children have too much homework to do.孩子們家庭作業(yè)太多。
honest adj.誠實(shí)的，坦誠的：
You’d better make friends with those who are honest.你最好和誠實(shí)的人交朋友。
It was honest of you to tell me your troubles.你很坦誠，把你的苦衷告訴了我。
To be honest, she had a great affection for the small town where she grew up.
老實(shí)說，她對(duì)她長大的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)有很深的感情。
【拓展】①honesty n.誠實(shí)的，坦誠的：
What moved us most was his honesty.最讓我們感動(dòng)的是他的誠實(shí)。
②dishonest adj.不誠實(shí)的，不坦誠的：
A farmer claimed to have photographed a rare South China tiger in the wild with a digital camera last year, but it turned out to be a dishonest trick.一位農(nóng)民聲稱去年用數(shù)碼相機(jī)拍攝了一只野生華南虎，但結(jié)果證明這是一個(gè)不誠實(shí)的把戲。
honey n.①蜂蜜：It’s as sweet as honey.它像蜜一樣甜。
②親愛的：You have been practicing this song all the afternoon. Take a break, honey.
整個(gè)下午你都在唱這首歌。休息一下，親愛的。
honour(Am honor)
n.①榮譽(yù)，光榮：I consider it an honour to be allowed to view this artist’s private art collection.
我很榮幸能參觀這位藝術(shù)家的私人藝術(shù)收藏。
②尊敬，敬意：They stood in silence as a mark of honor to her.他們肅立向她致敬。
v.尊敬，給予榮譽(yù)：I’m honored that you should remember me.你竟然記得我，使我感到榮幸。
【拓展】①do sb. honor/do honor to sb.對(duì)某人表示敬意或紀(jì)念：
We attended his birthday party to do him honor.=We attended his birthday party to do honor to him.我們參加了他的生日晚會(huì)以表示對(duì)他的敬意。
②do sb. the honor of doing/to do sth.給某人面子做某事，給某人做某事的榮幸：
Would you do me the honor of dancing with me?
=Would you do me the honor to dance with me?能請(qǐng)你跳曲舞嗎？
③have the honor of doing/to do sth.有幸做某事或榮幸地做某事：
That year I had the honor of being admitted into the Party.那一年我榮幸地被接受入了黨。
④in honor of為向……表示敬意，為紀(jì)念……，為祝賀……，為了歡迎……，為招待……：
We had a party in honor of his birthday.為了祝賀他的生日我們舉行了一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
The square was so named in honor of a famous black leader in history.
這個(gè)廣場是以紀(jì)念歷史上一位著名的黑人領(lǐng)袖而命名的。
hook n.鉤子：Hang your coat on the hook.把你的外套掛在那鉤子上。
v.用鉤釣住，掛到鉤上：
Hook it over that nail.把它掛在那個(gè)釘子上。
He?could?easily?be?hooked.他容易上鉤。
【拓展】be hooked on迷上，癡迷：
Tommy, you mustn’t be hooked on the Internet all day. You may fall behind others in study.
湯米，你千萬不能整天都癡迷于上網(wǎng)。你可能在學(xué)習(xí)上落后與他人。
hope n.希望：I think that the twenty-first century will bring us more hopes.
我認(rèn)為二十一世紀(jì)會(huì)帶給我們更多的希望。
v.希望：We all hope that you can put forward a better plan than this one.
我們都希望你能夠提出一個(gè)比這個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。
【拓展】①have hopes/the hope of doing sth.有做某事的希望：
He has hopes/the hope of winning.他對(duì)勝利充滿信心。
②in the hope of doing sth./in hopes of doing sth.希望做某事：
He came in the hope of seeing her.=He came in hopes of seeing her.
他來是希望能見到她。
③hope可接不定式作賓語，但不接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即可說hope to do sth.，但不能說hope sb. to do sth.，如不說 I hope him to go with us，可改為I hope that he will go with us.或I hope for him to go with us.
④hope可用作及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句，但不接名詞或代詞作賓語，遇此情況可用hope for：We are hoping for good weather.我們希望有好天氣。
⑤表示做某事的希望，用作名詞的hope可接of doing sth.，但不接不定式，如可說 I have no hope of going (我沒有去的希望)，但不說I have no hope to go。
⑥hope so/hope not希望如此/不希望如此：
—Will you be able to finish your report today? 今天你能完成你的報(bào)告嗎？
—I hope so.我希望如此。
—You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?你的票沒有丟，是嗎？
—I hope not. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
我希望不會(huì)的。我知道現(xiàn)在在買張票很不容易。
hopeful adj.有希望的，有前途的：
I’m still hopeful that he will come.我仍然相信他會(huì)來。
We are hopeful about the future.我們對(duì)未來充滿希望。
hopeless adj.①?zèng)]有希望的，不可救藥的：
It seems to be a hopeless case.看來沒有希望了。
The lawyers said it was a hopeless case.律師們說這個(gè)案件已經(jīng)無可挽回。
②無用的，無益的：Your work is hopeless.你的工作一無是處。
【拓展】hopelessness n.失望，不抱希望的，絕望：
Why?did?he?now?feel?this?sense?of?confusion,?doubt?and?hopelessness?
為什么他會(huì)感到惆悵，疑慮和失望？
She had a feeling of hopelessness about the future.她對(duì)未來感到絕望。
horrible adj.①令人恐懼的，可怕的：
The horrible accident resulted from his carelessness of drunk driving.
可怕的事故是由于他酒后駕駛。
②令人討厭的，糟透的：This medicine tastes horrible.這種藥味道難吃極了。
【拓展】①horrify v.使震驚，使感到恐怖：
The whole country was horrified by the killings.全國都對(duì)這些兇殺案感到大為震驚。
It horrified her to think that he had killed someone.
一想到他殺過人，她就感到毛骨悚然。
②horror n. 恐懼，恐怖，可怕的事物：
The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and that of the Japanese towards their prisoners, filled everyone with horror.德國人對(duì)猶太人的殘忍和日本人對(duì)囚犯的殘忍使每個(gè)人都充滿了恐懼。
They?backed?off?in?horror.他們心懷恐懼地退縮了。
To?his?horror,?the?bus?caught?fire.使他驚恐的是，公共汽車著了火。
horse n.馬：Can you ride a horse?你會(huì)騎馬嗎？
I’m pleased to hear that Tom won the championship yesterday. Believe it or not, I dreamed that he became a dark horse the night before.很高興聽說湯姆昨天贏得了冠軍。不論你信不信，我前一天晚上還夢(mèng)見他成了一匹黑馬呢。
hospital n.醫(yī)院：I’m going to the hospital to visit my uncle.我要去醫(yī)院看望我的叔叔。
host n.主人，東道主，節(jié)目主持人：
Before leaving the house, an expression of thanks to the host would be in place.
在離開家之前，要向主人表達(dá)感謝。
Being?a?good?game-show?host?means?getting?to?know?your?contestants.?
要想做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的游戲節(jié)目主持人就要了解你的參賽選手。
v.舉辦，主持：Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, which is the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.北京將舉辦2022年冬奧會(huì)，它是第一個(gè)既舉辦了夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)又舉辦冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的第一個(gè)城市。
hostess n.女主人：He thanked his hostess before he left the party.他在離開晚會(huì)時(shí)向女主人道了謝。
hot adj.熱的：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
幾乎沒有什么樂趣能比得上在大熱天喝一杯冷飲。
參看詞條collar中的hot under the collar。
hotdog n.熱狗：There is a hot dog shop around there.這附近有一家賣熱狗的商店。
hotel n.旅館，飯店，賓館，酒店：
This is a five-star hotel.這是一家五星級(jí)賓館。
hour n.①小時(shí)：An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.(諺)一日之計(jì)在于晨。
②一小時(shí)所行的路程：The city is two hours away.該城離此兩小時(shí)路程。
③時(shí)間，時(shí)刻：the rush hour交通擁擠時(shí)刻 office hours辦公時(shí)間 business hours 營業(yè)時(shí)間
【拓展】by the hour按小時(shí)，按鐘點(diǎn)：He was paid by the hour.他按鐘點(diǎn)領(lǐng)薪。
house n.①房子，住宅 ②家：We’re having dinner at Jenny’s house tonight.我們今天晚上在珍妮家吃飯。
household n.家庭，一家人：Many poor?households?are experiencing real?hardship.
很多貧窮家庭正經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重的困難。
adj.家喻戶曉的，家庭的，家內(nèi)的，一家的，日常的，家常的：
The?company,?a?household?name?in?the?States,?has?a?firm?foothold?in?the?British market.?
這家美國國內(nèi)家喻戶曉的公司在英國市場上站穩(wěn)了腳跟。
With WeChat Pay coming into widespread use, our household bills are convenient to pay.
隨著微信支付的廣泛使用，我們的家庭賬單支付變得很方便。
housewife n.家庭主婦：The?cleverest?housewife?can’t?cook?a?meal?without?rice.巧婦難為無米之炊。
housework n.家務(wù)活：She does all the housework herself.她親自做一切家務(wù)。
how adv.①怎樣，如何，怎么：She didn’t know how to answer.她不知道該怎么回答。
②多……：Tell me how old is he.告訴我他多大年級(jí)。
③多么：How well he speaks! 他說得多好！
【拓展】①how about……怎么樣：How about having a rest?休息一會(huì)兒怎么樣？
②how many多少：
How many students are there in this class?這個(gè)班有多少學(xué)生？
③how much多少：How much is the coat?這件上衣多少錢？
④how long對(duì)時(shí)間長短提問，與完成時(shí)連用；how soon多久以后，與將來時(shí)連用；how far對(duì)距離提問；how often對(duì)頻率提問：
How?long?have?you?been?employed?at?this?job??你受雇做這個(gè)工作有多久了？
How soon will he be back?他要多久才回來？
How?far?is?it?to?the?station??到車站有多遠(yuǎn)？
How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久來一次？
⑤How do you do?你好！(用于初次見面)
however adv.可是，無論多么，無論如何：
At first she didn’t agree. However, she changed her mind later.
她最初不同意，可是后來她改變了主意。
This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, however much it may cost.
這是一本非常有趣的書。不管花多少錢我都會(huì)買。
conj.不管怎樣，無論以何種方式：However you use it, it won’t break.不管你怎么用，它都不用壞。
【拓展】①用作副詞且位于兩個(gè)之間表示“可是”時(shí)，其前通常用句號(hào)或分號(hào)，其后通常用逗號(hào)；若位于句中，則前后均用逗號(hào)：
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.他還未到，不過，他可能過一會(huì)兒來。
②表示“無論多么”時(shí)，其詞序通常是“however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語”：
You?should?always?strive?to?achieve?more,?however?well?you?have?done?before.
無論之前取得何等輝煌的成就，都應(yīng)該不斷努力進(jìn)取。
hug v.①緊抱，摟抱：
People in China don’t like hugging each other when meeting, which is a common practice in some
European countries.中國人不喜歡見面時(shí)互相擁抱，這在一些歐洲國家是司空見慣的做法。
②靠近走，緊靠：The road hugs the river.道路緊靠河邊。
n.摟抱：He gave her a hug.他給了她一個(gè)擁抱。
huge adj.巨大的，龐大的：Canada is a huge country.加拿大是一個(gè)幅員遼闊的國家。
human adj.①人的，人類的：It’s beyond human power.這是人力所不能及的。
②有人性的，通人情的：
The President has been accused of lacking the human touch.總統(tǒng)被指責(zé)不近人情。
n.人(=human being)：
All?human?beings?are?much?more?intelligent?than?animals.所有的人都比動(dòng)物聰明得多。
human being n.人類：Human beings have lived on earth for thousands of years.人類在地球上已經(jīng)生存數(shù)千年了。
humorous adj.富于幽默感的，幽默的，可笑的：
Around this point develops the story, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.
故事圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開，讓其充滿幽默和本土氣息。
humour(Am humor) n.
①幽默，幽默感：Dave has a good sense of humour.戴夫很有幽默感。
②心情，情緒：He is in a good(bad)humor.他心情好(不好)。
hunger n.①饑餓，饑荒：They died of/from cold and hunger.他們因饑寒交迫而死。
②渴望，盼望：He has a hunger for success.他渴望成功。
【拓展】hunger for渴望：
It’s terrible to hunger for news when the family’s letters don’t arrive!
當(dāng)家里的信還沒有到的時(shí)候，渴望得到消息是多么可怕啊!故選B。
hungry adj.(饑)餓的，渴望的：You must be hungry after all that long walking.走了這么長的路，你一定餓了。
hunt v.①尋找：He hunted in vain for a job.他找不到工作。
Parent?birds?began?to?hunt?for?food?for?their?young.親鳥開始為幼鳥尋找食物。
I’ll try and?hunt out?the information you need.我會(huì)努力找到你要的信息。
You’ll have to hunt out the word in the dictionary.你必須要在字典中搜尋出這個(gè)單詞的。
②狩獵，獵取：Wolves hunt in packs.狼成群獵取食物。
hunter n.獵人：The?hunter?agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow.那位獵人同意明天帶我們?nèi)ゴ颢C。
hurrah v.歡呼，為……喝采：We?hurrah?when we see the soldiers go by.我們看到士兵經(jīng)過時(shí)向他們歡呼.
n.歡呼聲，激動(dòng)，紛爭：His?speech?was?interrupt?ceaselessly?by?hurrah.他的演講不停地被歡呼聲所打斷。
hurricane n.颶風(fēng)，十二級(jí)風(fēng)：
News about the hurricane striking her country set off an attack of homesickness.
有關(guān)颶風(fēng)襲擊他的家鄉(xiāng)的消息引起了他對(duì)思鄉(xiāng)之情。
hurry v.①趕快，急忙：You needn’t hurry. There’s plenty of time.你不必著急，時(shí)間多著哩。
②催促，使加快：He refused to be hurried.他不要人催。
n.匆忙：Don’t drive so fast; there’s no hurry.車別開得那么快，不用著急。
【拓展】①hurry up趕快，趕緊：
Look at the clock. The train is starting. Let’s hurry up.看看時(shí)間。火車就要開了。我們趕緊吧。
②in a hurry匆忙地，急于要，與其相反意義的in no hurry：
I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.我來得太匆忙忘記帶食物了。
“Take?your?time,” Cross?told?him.?“I’m?in?no?hurry.”
“慢慢來，”克羅斯對(duì)他說，“我一點(diǎn)都不急?！?br /> ③表示“匆忙到某處去”，通常在hurry之后接副詞或介詞短語即可，習(xí)慣上不接go, come, move等之類的表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的動(dòng)詞，如要表示“他匆忙去上學(xué)”，可說成He hurried to school，不說He hurried to go to school等。
hurt(hurt, hurt) v.
①受傷：He hurt his arm while playing tennis.他打網(wǎng)球時(shí)把膀子扭傷了。
②(使)傷痛，(使)疼痛：Does your leg hurt?你的腿疼嗎？
③傷害：I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you.對(duì)不起，我不是有意傷害你的。
【拓展】①身體內(nèi)部的傷只能用injured/hurt：
His internal organs were injured/hurt.他的內(nèi)部器官受傷了。
②hurt的過去分詞通常只能用作表語，injured和wounded既可以作表語，也可以作定語：
Yes,?I?was?hurt,?jealous.是的，我感到傷心、嫉妒。
I saw a wounded/an injured man.我看見了一個(gè)受傷的人。
③hurt可以作為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“疼，難受”，injure和wound則不能這樣用：
My right foot hurts.我的右腳很疼。
④hurtful adj.傷害，傷心的，傷感情的，傷害自尊的：
Her comments can only be hurtful to Mrs. Green’s family.
她的話只會(huì)使格林夫人的家人感到傷心。
Don’t?say?such?hurtful?things?to?your?friend.別對(duì)你的朋友說這樣傷感情的事。
husband n.丈夫：Husband?and?wife?should?not?say?such?heartless?things?to?each?other.
夫妻之間不要說這樣絕情的話。

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