高中英語外研版 (2019)選擇性必修第二冊Unit 5 A delicate world背景圖ppt課件-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

課時素養(yǎng)檢測十九　Unit 5　Period 3Ⅰ. 閱讀理解AA 23-year-old British woman has invented a product she hopes will one day replace single-use plastic. The new product is made by combining fishing waste and algae (水藻). It could be used to replace plastic bags or containers that people use once and throw away. Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final year project at the University. MarinaTex is edible, to put it in another way, it can be tasted without danger. Hughes says it is also strong and stable. But unlike plastic, MarinaTex biodegrades (生物降解)in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil. The inventor said she is concerned about the growing amount of plastic in ocean waters. She noted one report that there would be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by the year 2050. The United Nations estimates that 100 million tons of plastic waste has already been left in the oceans. Hughes also was investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry. The industry produces an estimated 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year, UN officials say. Examining fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did no harm to the environment. “Why do we need to have hundreds of man-made polymers (聚合體)when nature has so many already available?” she asked. After months of testing, Hughes produced a strong, flexible sheet that forms at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius. Inventor James Dyson said that MarinaTex is stronger, safer and much more sustainable (可持續(xù)的)than plastic. It is also easier to break down. Hughes will receive about $ 41,000 prize money as the first-place winner of the James Dyson Award. She plans to use the money to further develop the product and ways to mass produce it. “Further research and development will ensure that MarinaTex evolves further, and becomes part of a global answer to the abundance of single-use plastic waste,” Dyson said. 【語篇概述】一名23歲的英國女生發(fā)明了一種有望替代一次性塑料的材料—MarinaTex。1. What do we know about MarinaTex?A. It is a kind of safe seafood. B. It is a kind of waste. C. It is a kind of new plastic. D. It is a kind of safe material that can replace plastic. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知。 2. What does the underlined word “edible” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Useful. 　　　　　　　 B. Eatable. C. Replaceable. D. Delicious. 【解析】選B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“it can be tasted without danger”可知,這種材料可以食用。 3. What gets Hughes to create MarinaTex?A. Her concern about the growing amount of plastic in ocean waters. B. Her occupational habit of trying out new things. C. Her hope to help develop the fishing industry. D. Her desire to win the prize money. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二、三段可知,這個女生是因為關(guān)心海洋中的塑料垃圾問題,進(jìn)而研究新材料的。4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We need to have hundreds of MarinaTex available. B. Hughes produced MarinaTex without much effort. C. MarinaTex will be a good solution to plastic waste. D. Hughes is the first winner of the James Dyson Award. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中心可知,MarinaTex這種新材料是解決塑料垃圾的一個好方法。BSome scientists believe that one of the most intelligent beings on Earth is in fact the octopus (章魚). Octopuses usually live at the bottom of river mouths and seas-areas which are not attractive to researchers. They are not social animals so it can be hard to study their interaction with others. And the octopus’ intelligence is not easy for humans to understand. When we observe some animals such as rats or dogs, we can often understand their behavior. Octopuses,however can seem like aliens (外星人). Scientists need to have a lot of imagination to understand what an octopus is thinking!In the 1950s, the US Air Force sponsored scientists to study the way octopuses use their brains. They hoped that they could use this knowledge to help them build better computers. However, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it of no significance to continue with it. Octopuses have a very complex nervous system and recent research suggests that they have some of their intelligence inside each arm, which means that each arm can “think” for itself. It also appears that they have a good memory, perhaps similar to a cat’s. Perhaps the most striking thing about octopuses is their ability to change their color and body pattern. They do this to camouflage themselves to avoid their enemies and also to communicate with others. They can completely change their appearance in less than a second. It can change its skin to look like rocks, sand or plankton (浮游生物). Some scientists have even suggested that these different patterns and colors are in fact a very hard language and that each design is a different verb,adjective or noun. But nobody has been able to work out what they might be saying. There’s a long way to go to get to know the octopus completely. 【語篇概述】這是一篇說明文。一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,地球上最聰明的生物之一就是章魚。到目前為止,人們對章魚也是知之甚少。5. What can we infer about the octopus’ intelligence from Paragraph 2?A. It does not attract scientists. B. Little has been known about it. C. It is equal to the cat’s or dog’s. D. Much has been done about it. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。第二段談到: 章魚通常生活在河口和海洋的底部,這些地方對研究人員沒有吸引力。它們不是群居動物,因此很難研究它們與其他動物的互動。而且章魚的智力也不容易被人類理解。章魚看起來像外星人?？茖W(xué)家需要有豐富的想象力才能理解章魚在想什么!由這些可推知,人們對章魚的了解很少。6. What can we say about scientists’ study on the octopus in the 1950s?A. They had to give it up eventually. B. They used computers to help. C. They found its arms could think. D. They judged it lived like a cat. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However, their brains were so complex that the scientists felt it of no significance to continue with it. ”信息可知,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)章魚的大腦是如此復(fù)雜,他們覺得繼續(xù)研究下去是沒有用的。由此可知他們最終放棄了研究。7. What does the underlined word “camouflage” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Relax. 　　　　　　　 B. Strengthen. C. Hide. D. Express. 【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。本句前面談到: 章魚最驚人的地方在于它們改變顏色和身體形態(tài)的能力;由本句后面的“to avoid their enemies(以逃避敵人)”可知,它們這樣做是為了偽裝自己以躲避敵人。8. What does the author think of the octopuses?A. They are the smartest animals. B. They’re easy to be seen in the sea. C. It is useful to copy their language. D. It is difficult to understand them. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段作者談到 “There’s a long way to go to get to know the octopus completely. (完全了解章魚還有很長的路要走)”,可知作者認(rèn)為要了解章魚不容易。Ⅱ. 完形填空Exam anxiety is something that almost every person experiences during his or her student life. Little anxiety actually helps one 　1　 and work hard for the exams. However, 　2　students spend all their time feeling anxious, a lot of valuable time would be wasted. In this competitive world,　3　 caused a lot of nervousness in students. For some, exam anxiety 　4　 them to work harder, while for others it may be the root cause for poor performance, leading to 　5　 in exams and lack of confidence. In fact, some students are anxious by nature and easily get nervous when they are under great 　6　. They will have a low opinion of themselves even if they have prepared 　7　. They fear that they may forget 　8　 they have studied, and when it is too much, their fear is likely to come true. One of the most important methods of　9　 exam anxiety is to prepare well in advance. If students are not able to 　10　 anxiety or nervousness, they could talk to their teachers, parents, friends and instructors to relax themselves. 　11　also avoid putting pressure on their kids to do well. Creating a peaceful and　12　 atmosphere at home can be greatly helpful. To sleep and eat well is also important. Students tend to avoid sleep　13　they don’t have meals due to anxiety, but it’s harmful to their study and health. Students should 　14　their time reasonably and take proper breaks between studying. They should always remember to set aside some time for their　15　since some entertainment helps them relax and focus. 【語篇概述】本文介紹了考試焦慮癥的成因及影響,并且提出了考試焦慮癥的應(yīng)對方式。1. A. concentrate　 B. succeed　 C. relax　　 D. experience【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。由and work hard for the exams可知,考試前有少許的焦慮有助于學(xué)生集中精力(concentrate)。2. A. while B. whether C. if D. so【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。如果學(xué)生過度焦慮,他們寶貴的時間就會被白白浪費掉。3. A. jobs B. plans C. breaks D. exams【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下一句For some, exam anxiety. . . 可知此處想表達(dá)的是考試給學(xué)生帶來的緊張情緒。 4. A. demand B. suggestC. order D. encourage【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。此題可用排除法,demand“要求”,order“命令”和suggest“建議”都不符合語境,只有encourage“激勵;鼓舞”合適。5. A. achievement B. failureC. progress D. preparation【解析】選B。邏輯推理題?？荚嚱箲]癥是表現(xiàn)不佳,考試不及格及缺乏自信心的根本原因。6. A. pressure B. controlC. discussion D. construction【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。有的學(xué)生天生容易焦慮,當(dāng)他們在重壓之下(under great pressure)的時候,他們就會緊張。7. A. good B. well C. worse D. bad【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。有的考生即使考試前準(zhǔn)備很好,但還是顯得底氣不足。8. A. which B. when C. that　 D. what【解析】選D。詞義辨析題。他們害怕自己(在考試中)會忘記所學(xué)過的知識,此處是賓語從句。9. A. avoiding B. feelingC. increasing D. producing【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。縱觀全文,第三、四段講的都是應(yīng)對考試壓力的方法,因此該處用avoiding(避免)最貼切。10. A. explain B. devoteC. handle D. discover【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。建議學(xué)生找老師,家長或朋友等的原因是學(xué)生應(yīng)付(handle)不了所面臨的焦慮或緊張情緒。11. A. Teachers B. ParentsC. Friends D. Tutors【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)their kids和at home可知,此處選parents(家長)。12. A. exciting B. boringC. relaxing　 D. worrying【解析】選C。詞義辨析題。要緩解孩子的焦慮和緊張情緒,在家里創(chuàng)建一種平和、令人放松的(relaxing)氛圍是極其有幫助的。13. A. and B. so C. if D. or【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。學(xué)生因為焦慮而失眠或者餓肚子。14. A. choose B. divideC. plan D. calculate【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。學(xué)生應(yīng)該合理地安排(plan)好時間,并且在學(xué)習(xí)過程中適當(dāng)休息。15. A. hobbies B. mealsC. studies D. situations【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。娛樂活動幫助學(xué)生放松心情,從而專注于學(xué)習(xí)。因此,學(xué)生應(yīng)該抽出些時間來參與娛樂活動,最適合語境的是hobbies(愛好)。Ⅲ. 語法填空In September, in Britain, you may see a lot of swallows. They are gathering together because, very soon, they will be flying south to much 1. _________ (warm) lands, where they will find plenty of small flying insects on 2. _________ they feed. There are no such insects in Britain during the winter, as it is too cold 3. _________ them. The swallows settle, fly off, dash, and settle again. They do this many times, for they are making short practicing 4. _________ (flight) in order to be fit for the long journey ahead of them. Flocks of these 5. _________ (migrate) birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly 6. _________ (steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the 7. _________(storm) weather they meet with on the way. In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They get 8. _________ (settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they 9. _________ (leave) the previous autumn. Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something 10. _________ (do) with winds and air currents. 【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了英國燕子的遷徙。1. 【解析】warmer?？疾樾稳菰~比較級。它們聚集到一起是因為不久之后它們將飛往南方比較溫暖的地方。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。2. 【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。在那里,它們會發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的小飛蟲,它們以此為食。根據(jù)語境及句型結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用on which引導(dǎo)定語從句,which代指上文提到的insects。3. 【解析】for?？疾榻樵~。因為對它們來說,英國的冬天太冷了。此處用介詞for表示“對……來說”。4. 【解析】flights?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。它們正在做短程的飛行訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)語境可知,此處飛行不止一次,所以應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。5. 【解析】migrating?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。在秋天的時候,這些候鳥離開英國。根據(jù)句意可知,birds與動詞migrate之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。6. 【解析】steadily?？疾楦痹~。在它們到達(dá)非洲溫暖的地方之前,它們要平穩(wěn)地飛行數(shù)百英里。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞。所以要填副詞steadily。7. 【解析】stormy?？疾樾稳菰~。但是并不是所有的鳥兒都會到達(dá)那里,因為途中有許多鳥兒在遇到的暴風(fēng)雨天氣中死去。根據(jù)空前的the以及空后的weather可知,此處修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。8. 【解析】settled?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)?？仗幬挥谙祫釉~get后,應(yīng)用過去分詞形式,get settled意為“定居下來”。9. 【解析】left?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。它們在同一地區(qū)相同的谷倉或樹上定居下來,那是它們前一年秋天離開的地方。根據(jù)句意可知,此處“離開”是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時。10. 【解析】to do?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。句意: 但是,這和風(fēng)以及氣流有關(guān)。句中動詞短語have something to do with. . . 意為“與……有關(guān)”,為固定短語。

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