2020屆河南省高三英語二輪復習講義第二章介詞與代詞-教案下載-教習網(wǎng)

語法項目(一)
代詞　　　　　　　　
[考綱解讀·定方向]
近幾年高考對代詞的考查主要集中在代詞的基本用法上，因此這類試題一般較為簡單。語法填空側(cè)重對替代詞及it用法的考查；而短文改錯對代詞的考查主要集中在不定代詞、反身代詞、形容詞性物主代詞和代詞的格等的用法上。
考生在解題時要根據(jù)語境、句意判斷人稱和數(shù)；應仔細閱讀上下文，根據(jù)代詞具體指代的對象和句中充當?shù)某煞?，確定代詞的格。未來高考對代詞的考查將繼續(xù)側(cè)重代詞的基本用法，并會加強語境的真實性和復雜性。

　　　　　如何確定填代詞
[思考趨向]
1．當句中缺少主語或賓語時，一般要填代詞，主要包括人稱代詞、替代詞、不定代詞以及it。
2．當所給提示詞為代詞時，人稱代詞需考慮變?yōu)橘e格、變?yōu)槲镏鞔~、變?yōu)榉瓷泶~以及it變?yōu)閕ts等。
[典例感悟]
[典例1](2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt ____________ (I)，”says Pahlsson.
解析：myself　[根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“她以為我傷到我自己了”，應用I的反身代詞，故填myself。]
[典例2](2015·全國卷Ⅰ)A few hours before，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with ____________ (it) choking smog.
解析：its　[空后為名詞詞組choking smog，設空處作其定語，故應填形容詞性物主代詞its。句意為：幾個小時前我還在香港的家中，呼吸著那里令人窒息的煙霧。]
[典例3](遼寧卷)Raise your leg and let ____________ stay in the air for seconds.
解析：it　[根據(jù)語境可知let的賓語為前文提及的your leg，故用it替代，以避免重復。句意為：抬起你的一條腿并讓它懸空幾秒鐘。]
[典例4](2019·河南洛陽第一次統(tǒng)考)“As soon as he opens ____________ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，”said his music teacher.
解析：his　[考查代詞。根據(jù)語境mouth和主語he可知，此處應用形容詞性物主代詞his修飾名詞mouth，在句中作定語。]
　　　　　代詞的解題技法
　　　　　根據(jù)所作成分確定代詞
[實例體驗]
1．(2019·濟南實驗中學期末)A friend of ____________ (I) complained all the way while she was walking towards me.
解析：mine　[空處作介詞of的賓語，故用名詞性物主代詞，表示“我的一個朋友”。]
2．(2020·黃岡一模)Churchill suffered a severe hurt.But he amused ____________ (he)，writing that he couldn't understand why he was not broken like an eggshell.
解析：himself　[動詞amused后的賓語與該句主語所指的是同一個人，故用反身代詞。]
3．(2019·福州市期末)At the end of the Qing Dynasty，after closed China came under the influence from abroad，many old hutongs lost ____________ (they) former neat arrangement.
解析：their　[考查代詞。根據(jù)空后的名詞短語“former neat arrangement”可知，空處修飾該名詞短語，故用形容詞性物主代詞。]
4．(2020·濟南市模擬)I found a restaurant that sold dishes from Xi'an when I explored the area around ____________ (I) office one day.
解析：my　[考查代詞。修飾名詞office應用形容詞性物主代詞my。]
5．(2019·合肥市質(zhì)檢二)It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds to form and shape it，but they've devoted ____________ (they) to perfecting the skills for decades.
解析：themselves　[考查代詞。固定搭配devote oneself to sth./doing sth.意為“某人致力于做某事”，故用反身代詞themselves。]
6．(2020·福建調(diào)研)Yet publishers and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining ____________(they)．
解析：them　[考查代詞。join表示“成為……的一員，加入”，是及物動詞，后面應跟賓語，故填they的賓格形式them。]
[重點強化]
人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞的使用規(guī)則：
人稱代詞主格
I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they
人稱代詞賓格
me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them
形容詞性物主代詞
my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their
名詞性物主代詞
mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs
反身代詞
myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves
　　　　　根據(jù)所指對象確定代詞
[實例體驗]
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using ____________ every day.
解析：it　[考查代詞。use是及物動詞，其后接賓語，此處很明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，此處用it指代上文提到的the railway。]
2．(浙江卷)In many ways ，the education system in the U．S. is not very different from ____________ in the U．K.
解析：that　[考查代詞。句意：在很多方面，美國的教育體制和英國的教育體制沒有太大的差異。此處指代同類事物the education system，但并不是同一事物(名稱相同，但內(nèi)容不同)，故填代詞that。]
3．(2020·皖南名校聯(lián)考)Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially ____________ containing as many different subcultures as the United States，is a complex task.
解析：one　[這里整個句子的主語是“Understanding the cultural habits of another nation”，空處是nation的同位語，表示前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的同種類的可數(shù)名詞，且為泛指，故填one。]
4．(2020·鄭州一中質(zhì)檢)His children are well-behaved，while ____________ of his sister are rude.
解析：those　[空后有介詞短語修飾，表示特指。特指同名異物的復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞the children，應用those。]
5．(2020·濰坊一模)I saw a beautiful fish in the market the other day.I'm considering buying some orange and blue ____________tomorrow.
解析：ones　[泛指前文提到的fish，且由some可知表示復數(shù)含義，故用ones表示。]
[重點強化]
替代詞：that，those，one，ones與it
that/those
可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當于the one。其復數(shù)形式為those，相當于the ones
one/ones
指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的“一個”，其復數(shù)形式為ones
it
特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物
　　　　　根據(jù)語境確定不定代詞
[實例體驗]
1．(重慶卷)The meeting will be held in September，but ____________ knows the date for sure.
解析：nobody　[句意：會議將在9月份召開，但是沒有人知道確切日期。根據(jù)題干中的but可知此處應該用表示否定意義的nobody。]
2．(陜西卷)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ____________.
解析：other　[句意：為了使自己暖和，那個水手坐在爐火前面赤著腳互相摩擦。the other 兩者中的另一個。][來源:Z&xx&k.Com]
3．(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas，but ____________ is useful to my knowledge.
解析：none　[句意：Niki 總是會有很多想法。但是就我所知沒有一個想法是有用的。本題考查代詞。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都沒。]
4．(安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help.____________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
解析：Everyone/Everybody　[句意：你可以找任何人幫忙。這里的每一個人都愿意幫助你。根據(jù)上下文邏輯可知此處表示“這里的每個人”，故答案為Everyone或Everybody。由于系動詞為is，故all(所有人)不符合。]
5．(四川卷)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ____________ and moved to Cambridge.
解析：neither　[句意：她在倫敦和曼徹斯特居住過，但是她不喜歡這兩座城市，然后搬到劍橋了。由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知該空應該表示否定意思且指代London and Manchester，故答案為neither。]
[重點強化]
1．both，all，either，any，neither，none的使用規(guī)則

都
任何一個
都不(全部否定)
部分否定
兩者
both
either
neither
not＋both
三者或三者以上[來源:學科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
all
any
none
not＋all
2.other(s)，the other(s)，another的使用規(guī)則
the
other，
other
the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”，也可修飾名詞，表示“另外的……”；other不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義
another
可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few＋復數(shù)名詞”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others，
the
others
others單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others
3.nobody/no one，nothing，none的使用規(guī)則

指代
用來回答
相當于
是否加of短語
nobody
/no one
人
who
not anyone
not anybody
否
nothing
物
what
not anything
否
none
人或物
how many how much
not a/an/any＋名詞或no＋名詞
是

　　　　it的用法
[實例體驗]
1．(2017·天津卷)____________was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
解析：It　[句意：就在我返回我的公寓的時候，我第一次見到我的新鄰居。本題考查強調(diào)句型的結構，即：It is/was＋被強調(diào)成分＋that＋...，故填It。]
2．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____________ (it) mother.
解析：its　[考查代詞。mother是名詞，故此處填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。]
3．(全國卷Ⅰ)—Who's that at the door?
—____________ is the milkman.
解析：It　[句意：——門口的那個人是誰？——是送牛奶的人。考查代詞用法。it可用于明確身份，指某人。]
4．(山東卷)Susan made ____________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析：it　[句意：蘇珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己開始一種新生活。句中that she wished to make...是真正的賓語，空格處應為形式賓語，故用it。]
5．(陜西卷)I'd appreciate ____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
解析：it　[句意：假如你提前讓我知道你是否會來，我將不勝感激?？疾榇~。I'd appreciate it if...屬于固定句式，表示“假如……我將不勝感激”。]
[重點強化]
替代詞it的用法
指代上文提到的某樣東西
用以代替指示代詞this，that
指不知性別的嬰兒(baby)或身份不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知道對方是誰)
指時間、距離、價值、天氣、氣候或溫度
it常用來代替不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作形式主語或形式賓語而將真正的主語或賓語后置
構成強調(diào)句型
表示“喜歡，恨”等心理方面的動詞后面跟從句時，要先接it，再接從句，這類動詞有l(wèi)ike，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。
it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that“難怪……”；make it“獲得成功；及時趕到”；when it comes to...“當說到……”等。

前后邏輯不一致
解題
攻略
代詞前后要一致
(1)看到代詞，思考它與指代內(nèi)容是否一致；
(2)看到代詞，思考它的數(shù)、所有格是否正確；
(3)看到不定代詞，思考它的含義、特點、作用及與其他相近不定代詞的區(qū)別；
(4)易受漢語影響，各類代詞的誤加與漏用。
典
例
1
(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.
[分析]　主語只有兩個人，應用both作同位語或刪掉all。all指三者或三者以上，故all改為both或去掉all。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
[分析]　此處應該使用our與主語we在人稱上保持一致。故your改為our。
典
例
3
(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
[分析]　代詞指代關系不一致，根據(jù)語境，反身代詞應該與I一致，故yourself改為myself。
典
例
4
(2020·合肥第一次質(zhì)量檢測)But when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water，my fear was reducing.
[分析]　考查反身代詞。此處指代“many people”，故用themselves。enjoy oneself為固定搭配，意為“玩得高興”。故myself改為themselves。

句子成分分辨不清
解題
攻略
修飾名詞常用形容詞性物主代詞；單獨使用常用名詞性物主代詞；賓語常用代詞的賓格；注意反身代詞。
典
例
1
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious，I had done myself homework，but I was shy.
[分析]　詞法錯誤。do one's/the homework為固定搭配，意為“做家庭作業(yè)”，故用形容詞性物主代詞或限定詞作定語。故myself改為my/the。
典
例
2
(全國卷Ⅰ)He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，and he was strong and powerful.
[分析]　此處意為：“他有深沉的聲音，這使他與他人區(qū)分開來。”set sb.apart from sb.，set后跟賓語，故應該用賓格形式。故himself改為him。
典
例
3
(2019·長沙名校第二階段診斷)When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties，parents' active involvement in our growth can make a great difference.
[分析]　考查代詞。此處表示父母積極參與他們(孩子們)的成長過程有很大作用，故要用their(代替kids')作定語，以使語意更加明確。故our改為their。
典
例
4
(2019·石家莊檢測二)I just kept feeling sorry for me.However，after a few days，I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love.
[分析]　考查代詞。句子的主語是I，“我”為“我”自己感到難過，故要用反身代詞作賓語。故for后的me改為myself。

幾組代詞的區(qū)別
解題
攻略
many代替可數(shù)名詞，much代替不可數(shù)名詞；表示“兩者中的另一個”用the other，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一個”用another；all表示“三者或三者以上”；both表示“兩者”。
典
例
1
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals.
[分析]　此處表示“有狗、鴨子，還有其他的動物”，故another改為other。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.
[分析]　此處應用代詞much指代much money, 作動詞cost的賓語；many通常指代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。故many改為much。

代詞的缺失與多余
解題
攻略
分析句子成分，確定代詞的增加或刪除
典
例
1
(全國卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.
[分析]　考查代詞。根據(jù)句意：“五分鐘之后，托尼看見了他的父母”，可知缺少parents的修飾成分，故parents前加his。
典
例
2
(2020·衡陽質(zhì)檢)I find very convenient to go anywhere with a bike.
[分析]　此題考查固定句式。find＋it ＋adj.＋to do 為固定結構，it作形式賓語。故find后加it。
典
例
3
(2020·九江聯(lián)考)About two years ago，I worked hard and entered a local key school，which my parents were proud of it.
[分析]　which引導定語從句，在從句中作be proud of的賓語，故去掉it。

語法項目(二)
介詞　　　　　　　　
[考綱解讀·定方向]
高考對介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及介詞與其他詞構成的固定短語的用法上。語法填空題對介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒有提示詞，這對考生正確理解句意提出了較高的要求。短文改錯題對介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點。因此，考生應在掌握介詞基本用法的同時，注意總結和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動詞等搭配構成的短語的意思和用法。

　　　　　如何確定介詞
[思考趨向]
1．若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞，且它們在句中不是作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，那么空格處一般是填介詞。
2．看空格前的動詞或形容詞，若空格處能與之構成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作賓語，那么空格處一般填介詞。
[典例感悟]
[典例1](2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I was searching ____________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.
解析：for　[考查介詞之固定搭配。search for尋找，為固定搭配。]
[典例2](2017·全國卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____________ engineering or architecture.
解析：in　[考查介詞。degree 與介詞in搭配，表示在某方面的學位。故填in。]
[典例3](2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ____________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
解析：on　[考查介詞。be focused on注意力集中于……，為固定搭配。]

　　　介詞的解題技法
　掌握介詞的基本意義，輕松應考
[實例體驗]
1．(2018·北京卷)—Good morning，Mr.Lee's office.
—Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment ____________ next Wednesday afternoon.
解析：for　[句意：——早上好，這里是Lee先生的辦公室?！缟虾茫蚁腩A約下周三下午的見面。本題考查介詞的基本用法。appointment for...在此處表示“……的預約”。]
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)This trend，which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學界)____________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析：as　[此處表示“作為一種與心臟病作斗爭的方法”，故填as“作為”。]
3．(2017·北京卷)Many people who live along the coast make a living ____________ fishing industry.
解析：in　[句意：很多居住在沿海的人都以捕魚業(yè)謀生。本題考查介詞。in表示“從事或影響某種工作”，符合語境。]
4．(2017·天津卷)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be ____________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
解析：among　[句意：當你開車穿越加利福尼亞州的紅杉林時，你會置身于壽命超過一千年的樹木之中。設空處應該用介詞表示“在三者或三者以上……之中”，故用among。]
5．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ____________ their hands.
解析：with　[with用(工具)……，符合句意。]
6．(2016·浙江卷)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ____________ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
解析：in　[句意：這項研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看待周圍世界的基本環(huán)節(jié)。本句采用定語從句的形式考查介詞?！皐e grow up ____________”為定語從句，先行詞為 the cultures，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：We grow up ____________ the cultures.故設空處填介詞in。]
7．(重慶卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃ ____________ the average.
解析：above　[句意：去年是有記錄以來最溫暖的一年，全球氣溫超過了平均氣溫0.68攝氏度。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示“在……之上，高于”，所以要用介詞above。]
8．(安徽卷)They believe that there are transport developments ____________ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
解析：around　[句意：他們相信交通的發(fā)展就要到來了，這將會帶來很多更好的變化。around the corner就要到來。]
9．(福建卷)A common memory they all have ____________ their schooldays is the school uniform.
解析：of　[句意：他們對于他們學生時代的共同記憶是校服。本句包含一個定語從句“they all have ____________their schooldays”，將先行詞memory代入定語從句后為：They all have a common memory ____________ their schooldays.由此可見設空處填 of。]
10．(江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ____________ his great wealth.
解析：despite　[句意：令人難以置信的是，盡管很富有，Lucas先生過著簡樸的生活。despite盡管。]
[重點強化]
一、幾組常見介詞的用法辨析
1．表示時間的at，on和in
at
表示某個時間點、時刻等
on
表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等
in
表示在某段較長的時間內(nèi)(如世紀、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等
2.表示時間的in和after
in
表示“在……時間之內(nèi)/之后”，所在的句中必須表示將來
after
表示“在……時間之后”，通?！癮fter＋時間段”與過去時連用，“after＋時間點”與將來時連用
3.表示方位的through，across和over

意義
短語
through
表示“從……的內(nèi)部穿過”
through the forest從森林穿過
across
表示“從……表面穿過”
across the desert穿過沙漠
over
表示“從……的上面越過”
jump over the fence跨過籬笆墻
4.表示交通方式的by，on和in

意義
短語
by
后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名詞，名詞前不加冠詞
by sea，by air，by car，by train
on/
in
后跟交通工具時，名詞前應有冠詞，物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語
on one's bike，in one's car
5.表示“用……”的by，in，with
by
指“靠……手段，用……方法，憑借……”，后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞
in
多用于表示語言、材料的名詞前
with
多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前
6.表示“除……之外”的besides和except
besides
表示“除……之外還……”
except
表示“除……之外”
二、其他?？嫉慕樵~
介詞
意義/用法
with
①(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有②(表示伴隨)隨著?、?表示原因)由于，因為④(表示關系)和……一起⑤構成with復合結構
against
①(表示態(tài)度)反對②(表示對比)以……為背景③(表示方位)倚靠著……

of
①表示“……的”②“of＋n.”相當于形容詞
for
“for＋時間段”表示“長達……”
despite
盡管，雖然
without
如果沒有
beyond
超出，超越

介詞用法不算難，固定搭配記心間
[實例體驗]
1．(2018·天津卷)Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went ____________ all.
解析：after　[句意：由于得寫一份報告，鮑勃原以為自己參加不了那場聚會了，但是他最后還是去參加了。本題考查介詞短語。根據(jù)句意可知填after。after all還是，終究。]
2．(2018·江蘇卷)China's soft power grows in line ____________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
解析：with　[句意：中國軟實力的增長是與全球?qū)χ袊粩嘣鲩L的欣賞和理解緊密相連的?？疾榻樵~短語。in line with為固定短語，意為：與……緊密相連。]
3．(2017·天津卷)We offer an excellent education to our students.____________ return，we expect students to work hard.
解析：In　[句意：我們向我們的學生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育，作為回報，我們希望學生能夠努力學習?？疾榻樵~。in return 意為“作為回報，作為報答”。]
4．(2017·江蘇卷)Determining where we are in relation ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
解析：to　[句意：通過對比我們周圍的環(huán)境來確定我們的位置仍然是我們生存的重要技能。本題考查介詞短語。in relation to“相對某事物而言”，符合語境，故此處填to。]
5．(2016·浙江卷)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.____________ short，he's reliable.
解析：In　[句意：那個年輕人誠實且有合作精神，當你需要他幫忙的時候，他總是在那兒。簡言之，他是值得依賴的。in short簡言之。]
6．(浙江卷)These comments came in response ____________ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
解析：to　[句意：對于當?shù)匦侣動浾叱３柶鸬奶囟▎栴}，這些評論正好作出了回復。in response to作為對……的回應。]
7．(江蘇卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ____________ Thomas Edison.
解析：for　[句意：要不是Thomas Edison，許多現(xiàn)在讓我們獲益的東西都不會存在。根據(jù)句意和該句中的虛擬語氣可知答案為for。but for要不是。]
8．(湖北卷)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ____________advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
解析：in　[句意：這間會議室是無煙區(qū)。我想事先提醒你如果在這兒吸煙的話你會被罰款的。in advance提前，事先。]
9．(福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ____________ age，sex or educational background.
解析：of　[句意：我們的俱樂部對所有人開放，不分年齡、性別和教育背景。regardless of不管，不顧。]
10．(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems instead ____________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
解析：of　[句意：面對你的問題而不是逃避它們才是解決問題的最好辦法。instead of而不是。]
[重點強化]
再記?？嫉膸最惞潭ù钆?br /> 1．動詞＋介詞
apply for 　　申請　　　 approve of　　同意
belong to 屬于 believe in 信仰
come from 來自 come across 碰見
depend on 依靠 deal with 處理
head for 前往 hunt for 尋找
look into 調(diào)查 lead to 導致
search for 尋找 set about 著手
stick to 堅持 send for 派人去叫
account for 說明……的原因
concentrate on 全神貫注于
learn from 向……學習
operate on 給……動手術
meet with 偶然遇見；遭受
pay for 為……付款
prepare for 為……做準備
suffer from 患……病
serve as 擔任……，充當……
refer to 查閱，參考；涉及；指的是
2．動詞＋副詞＋介詞
break away from 脫離
catch up with 趕上
put up with 忍受
go on with 繼續(xù)
look forward to 盼望
get close to 接近
look out for 小心
look down upon 看不起
look around for 四處尋找
go back to 回去，追溯到
go in for 參加；從事；追求
think highly of 對……評價很高
get along well with 與……相處很好
3．動詞＋名詞＋介詞
pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顧
take advantage of 利用
make use of 利用
make fun of 嘲笑
have trust in 信任
catch sight of 瞥見
get rid of 擺脫
take part in 參加
play a trick on 捉弄
take pride in 為……感到驕傲
play a part in 在……方面起作用
show an interest in 對……感興趣
have a talent/gift for 有……的天賦
have an effect on 對……有影響
keep an eye on 留意；密切注視
play a joke on 開某人的玩笑
have difficulty with ……方面有困難
shake hands with 與……握手
4．動詞＋oneself＋介詞(＝be＋v.-ed＋介詞)
adapt oneself to 適應
accustom oneself to 適應
apply oneself to 致力于
addict oneself to 沉湎于
abandon oneself to 沉溺于
bury oneself in 埋頭于
busy oneself with 忙于
devote oneself to 致力于，獻身于
5．be＋形容詞＋介詞
be good at 善于
be familiar with 熟悉
be fond of 喜歡，愛好
be proud of 以……自豪
be afraid of 害怕
be full of 充滿
be accustomed to 習慣于
be used to 習慣于
be related to 與……有關
be equal to 等于，能勝任
be rich in 富含
be late for 遲到
be fit for 適合
be similar to 與……類似
be angry with 對……生氣
be absorbed in 專心于
be curious about 對……好奇
be busy with sth. 忙于某事
be content with 對……滿意
be satisfied with 對……滿意
be popular with sb. 受某人的歡迎
be patient with sb. 對某人有耐心
be tired of(＝be fed up with)　對……厭倦
be tired from 因……感到疲勞
be aware of 知道，意識到
be absent from 缺席，未到場
be different from 與……不同
be interested in 對……感興趣
be surprised at 對……感到驚訝
be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格
be ashamed of 對……感到慚愧
6．介詞＋名詞
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 處于和平中
at war 在戰(zhàn)爭中
at work 在工作
on fire 著火
on sale 出售，打折
on the way 在途中
on account of 因為
by accident/chance 偶然
by air/plane 乘飛機
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手工
by mistake 錯誤地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 詳細地
in height 在高度上
in length 在長度上
in English 用英語
in no time 立刻
in no way 決不
in place of 代替
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in return 作為回報
in spite of 盡管
in exchange for 作為交換
in favor of 支持，贊成
in possession of 擁有，占有
in case of 萬一；如果；假如
in memory of 為了紀念……
in honour of 為向……表示敬意
on behalf of 代表
at the beginning of 在……的開始
at the mercy of 在……支配下；任由……擺布[來源:Zxxk.Com]
on the decrease/increase 在減少/在增加
at the cost of 以……的代價
at the risk of 冒……的危險
on exhibition/show 在展出
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on no account/condition 決不

介詞的錯用
解題
攻略
1.看到介詞，思考與動詞搭配是否正確；
2.看到介詞，思考與名詞搭配是否正確；
3.看到介詞，思考與形容詞搭配是否正確。
典
例
1
(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
[分析]　in the middle of the road “在馬路中間”。故on 改為of。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.
[分析]　leave...for...“離開某地到另外一個地方”。故to改為for。
典
例
3
(2019·長沙名校第二階段診斷)It may result in the demands of modern life and some other reasons.
[分析]　考查介詞。此處應表示“由……導致或引起的”，故要用result from，result in“導致”。故in改為from。
典
例
4
(2020·東北三省四市一模)I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more exciting than communicating with people.
[分析]　考查固定搭配。be of great value為固定搭配，意為“很有價值”。故in改為of。
典
例
5
(2020·江西南昌調(diào)研)Under his help，we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.
[分析]　with one's help為固定搭配，意為“在某人的幫助下”，故Under改為With。

介詞的多余或缺失
解題
攻略
1. 介詞的多余：及物動詞后直接跟賓語，無需再加介詞；last，next等后跟名詞表時間時其前無需加介詞。
2.介詞的缺失：不及物動詞后跟賓語時應加相應的介詞。
2. 3.考生要特別注意固定搭配中介詞的有無情況。
典
例
1
(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.
[分析]　realize是及物動詞，其后直接跟賓語，of多余。故去掉第二個of。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
[分析]　dream of doing sth.“夢想做某事”，為固定搭配。故dream后加of。
典
例
3
(2020·江西五校第一次聯(lián)考)I'm very glad to receive your e-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
[分析]　考查固定短語，arrange for sb.to do sth.意為“安排某人做某事”，為固定搭配。故you 前加for。
典
例
4
(2019·河北五個一名校聯(lián)盟第二次考試)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday，causing 4 deaths.
[分析]　考查介詞。Friday前有l(wèi)ast修飾，前面不用介詞。故去掉on。
典
例
5
(2020·湖南長郡中學模擬)One day when I was on my way to home from school，I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.
[分析]　考查固定搭配。on one's way home意為“在某人回家的路上”。故去掉to。
典
例
6
(2020·安徽名校聯(lián)考)In the end，I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.
[分析]　考查介詞。句意：最后，我成功到達了山頂。reach為及物動詞，后面直接接地方，不接介詞。故去掉reach后的on。

[小題夯基練]
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．(天津·改編)The quality of education in this small school is better than ____________ in some larger schools.
解析：that　[that指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，空處指代的quality為抽象不可數(shù)名詞，故用that。]
2．(北京·改編)The park was full of people，enjoying ____________ in the sunshine.
解析：themselves　[根據(jù)句意可知是公園里的人正在享受陽光，故用反身代詞themselves。]
3．(全國卷Ⅱ·改編)Sarah made ____________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
解析：it　[make it是固定用法，本題中意為“(尤指在困難的情況下)準時到達，趕上”，后可搭配介詞to，再接表示地點的名詞。]
4．(四川·改編)On my desk is a photo that my father took of ____________ when I was a baby.
解析：me　[“that my father took of ____________”作定語修飾photo，that 在定語從句中作took的賓語，根據(jù)短語take a photo of sb.“為某人照相”判斷用代詞me。]
5．(江西·改編)My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____________ was available from that shop.
解析：none　[none意為“沒有一個”，可以指代人或者物，在句中作主語。]
6．(湖南·改編)I knew that ____________ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.
解析：nothing　[nothing意為“沒有任何東西/事情”。]
7．(浙江·改編)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ____________ animals both on land and sea?
解析：to　[ be home to sth.是固定搭配，意為“……的家園/棲息地”。]
8．(陜西·改編)The Scottish girl ____________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
解析：with　[句意：在第五屆漢語演講比賽中，那位有著一雙藍色眼睛的蘇格蘭姑娘獲得了一等獎。with表示“具有”。]
9．(北京·改編)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ____________ half an hour.
解析：in　[“in＋一段時間”表示將來，由句意可知，火車并沒有開走，故用in。]
10．(安徽·改編)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library ____________ a book about it.
解析：for　[look for意為“尋找”。]

Ⅱ.單句改錯(每句一錯)
1．(全國卷Ⅱ·改編)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with her parents.____________
解析：her→his　[前文中“Tony”是男性，故用物主代詞his。]
2．(浙江·改編)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.____________
解析：them→it　[此處代詞指代前面的park，是單數(shù)，所以用it。]
3．(全國卷·改編)—Who's that under the tree?
—He is the milkman.____________
解析：He→It　[只有it可用于指代身份不明的人。]
4．(福建·改編)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in another，knives and forks.____________
解析：another→others　[others與題干中的some構成“some...others...”結構，意為“一些……，另一些……”。another意為“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個”。]
5．(江西·改編)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—Any.I'll be in all day.____________
解析：Any→Either　[由答語“I'll be in all day”可知，此處是對in the morning和afternoon的肯定，故用either，意為“(兩者中的)任何一個”。any意為“(三者或三者以上中的)任何一個”。]
6．(山東·改編)Susan made her clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.____________
解析：her→it　[it在句中作形式賓語，真正的賓語是that引導的從句，her不能作形式賓語。]
7．(全國卷·改編)The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another.____________
解析：for→from　[learn from sb.意為“向某人學習”，為固定短語。]
8．(浙江·改編)If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.____________
解析：on→in　[in need意為“需要”，為固定搭配。]
9．(陜西·改編)Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatient.____________
解析：Before→After　[由句意可知是“等了大約半個小時之后”，故介詞用after而不是before。]
10．(遼寧·改編)Every day，he spends too much time with his work.____________
解析：with→on　[spend time on sth.為固定搭配，意為“在……上花費時間”。]
[大題提能練]
Ⅰ.語法填空——代詞專練(用適當?shù)拇~填空)
My name is Li Kang.Today is my first day at Senior High school and I'm writing down my thoughts about 1.____________.[來源:學.科.網(wǎng)]
2．____________ new school is very good and the classrooms are amazing.Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen，whose method of teaching is nothing like 3.____________ of the teachers at my Junior High school.4.____________ thinks that reading comprehension is important，but 5.____________ should speak a lot in class.I don't think I will be bored in Ms Shen's class!
Today we introduced 6.____________ to each other in groups.7.____________ were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and 8.____________ was really nice.Ms Shen gave 9.____________ instructions and then we worked by ourselves.Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting with spelling games and other activities.10.____________ of us like her attitude very much.
[語篇解讀]　本文的作者是一名高中新生，講述了他上高中第一天的見聞。
1．解析：it　[考查it的用法?？仗幾鹘樵~about 的賓語，指代前面的my first day at Senior High school，故用it。]
2．解析：My　[考查形容詞性物主代詞。從前文可知作者在談“我的”新學校，形容詞性物主代詞在名詞new school前作定語。故填My。]
3．解析：that　[考查指示代詞。此處指代前文出現(xiàn)過的method of teaching，用that。]
4．解析：She　[考查人稱代詞。作主語要用主格人稱代詞，指代Ms Shen，用She。]
5．解析：we　[考查人稱代詞。作主語用主格，在課堂上多說的應當是“我們”學生，故填we。]
6．解析：ourselves　[考查反身代詞。introduce oneself to sb.向某人做自我介紹。由主語we 可知，此處是“我們互相介紹我們自己”，故用ourselves。]
7．解析：Some　[考查不定代詞。根據(jù)常識，第一次見面“有些人”會難為情。][來源:學科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
8．解析：it　[考查it的用法。此處替代前文的everyone was very friendly，用it。]
9．解析：us　[考查人稱代詞。在及物動詞后作賓語，用賓格，指“我們”，用us。give sb.instructions給某人指導。]
10．解析：All　[考查不定代詞。從前句和常識來看，應是“我們大家都”非常喜歡她的這種教學態(tài)度。故用不定代詞all，注意首字母大寫。]
Ⅱ.短文改錯
(2019·佛山二模)Last week，my friends and me went to watch Jay Chou's performance in Guangzhou.There are crowds of cheerful fans there，many of who came from other cities.Jay began his performance with one of his most famous song.We all cheered and shouted out his name，but some even cried with joy.When Jay began to sing the seventh song it called Sunny Day，it started to rain.Therefore，the concert was not interrupted and we got even more exciting in the rain.At last，Jay finished the concert with a speech，thank his fans for always supporting him.What memorable experience!
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