2020屆河南省高三英語二輪復習講義第一講語法填空-教案下載-教習網(wǎng)

[考綱解讀·定方向]
《考試說明》指出：語法填空題旨在考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對語法知識的掌握情況，著重考查考生的綜合語言運用能力。“實詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”是該題型的命題原則：“突出語篇，強調(diào)運用”為其命題思路。該題型要求考生需對常用語法項目的基本概念、用法等掌握清楚，如：明白什么時候用冠詞，哪些是從句，要填的詞的詞性是什么，是否是固定搭配，所填的詞是否符合文章的主題、上下文邏輯等。
[全國卷三年考情分析]
試[來源:學科網(wǎng)]
卷
年份[來源:學科網(wǎng)]
體裁與詞[來源:學|科|網(wǎng)]
數(shù)
題材
“有提示詞類”填空
“無提示詞類”填空[來源:學科網(wǎng)]
[命題者說]
謂
語
動
詞
非謂語動
詞
名詞轉(zhuǎn)化
名詞
代詞
比較級
冠詞
介詞
副詞
代詞
連詞
與狀
語從
句
定
語
從
句
名詞性從
句
全
國
卷
Ⅰ
2019
說明文(175)
人與動物
2
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1.素養(yǎng)考查：旨在考查考生的思維品質(zhì)、文化意識和學習能力。
2.考查目的：主要考查在運用英語過程中的詞法和句法基本知識，兼顧行文邏輯、習慣用法、固定搭配以及常用句型等。
3.選材趨勢：一般選取200詞左右的記敘文或說明文，內(nèi)容廣泛。
4.考點設(shè)置：基本上每個空考查一個語法項目，但動詞、名詞等用法較多，可能從不同角度進行考查。
5.設(shè)題要求：一般6－7個空有提示詞，以實詞為主，所填詞的適當形式一般不超過三個詞；3－4個空沒有提示詞，以填虛詞為主。
2018
說明文
(196)
跑步
健身
1
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2017
說明文
(221)
健康
飲食
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
全
國
卷
Ⅱ
2019
記敘文(194)
自我奉獻
2
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2018
說明文(204)
農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)
2
2
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
2017
說明文(193)
地鐵的歷史
2
1
3
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
全
國
卷
Ⅲ
2019
記敘文(175)
主人熱情招待
客人
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
2018
記敘文(204)
與動物接觸
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
2017
記敘文
(213)
人物介紹
2
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0

(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence______61______they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been______62______(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods______63______tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive______64______(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut______65______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a______66______(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by______67______(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are______68______(high) than they actually are. Of______69______nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______70______(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[語篇解讀]　本文為說明文，主題語境為人與自然，主題語境內(nèi)容為人與動物。文章介紹了北極熊的分布區(qū)域和北極熊數(shù)量的變化情況。
61．解析：that　考查同位語從句。雖然在北緯88度以北很少見到北極熊，但是有證據(jù)表明它們在整個北極地區(qū)活動，向南甚至遠到加拿大的詹姆斯灣。設(shè)空處引導同位語從句，說明evidence的內(nèi)容，該從句不缺少任何成分，所以要用that引導。
62．解析：poorly　考查副詞。因為對許多區(qū)域調(diào)查得不夠充分，所以很難計算出全球北極熊的數(shù)量。設(shè)空處單詞修飾動詞studied，故用其副詞形式poorly。
63．解析：of/for　考查介詞。現(xiàn)代化的跟蹤調(diào)查北極熊數(shù)量的方法在20世紀80年代中期就開始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
64．解析：to perform　考查不定式。這些方法大面積持續(xù)使用起來，費用很高。sth.be＋adj.＋to do，其中不定式作狀語，與sth.是動賓關(guān)系。
65．解析：have reported　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。最近幾年，生活在Nunavut的一些因紐特人報告說他們在人類居住區(qū)周圍看到北極熊的次數(shù)增加了。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語In recent years可知，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，主語some Inuit people為復數(shù)形式，故填have reported。
66．解析：belief　考查名詞。這些報告使人們相信北極熊的數(shù)量正在增長。設(shè)空處作leading to的賓語，且前面有不定冠詞a修飾，故用所給動詞的名詞形式belief。
67．解析：noting　考查非謂語動詞?？茖W家們對此作出了回應(yīng)，他們指出饑餓的北極熊可能正在人類的定居點附近聚集。設(shè)空處作介詞by的賓語，故用v.-ing形式，即by doing sth.通過做某事。
68．解析：higher　考查比較級。這就造成了北極熊數(shù)量比它們實際數(shù)量要多的錯覺。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處要用形容詞的比較級形式higher。
69．解析：the　考查冠詞。句意：在被認出來的19個北極熊亞群中，有3個數(shù)量在降低，有6個是穩(wěn)定的，1個在增加，還有9個缺少足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。設(shè)空處在本句中表示特指，故填定冠詞the。
70．解析：are　考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后與本空并列的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，本空需用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語是six(subpopulations)，故填are。

一、“有提示詞類”考點例析
提示詞為動詞

“一定三思”解“動詞”

[命題點1]　考查謂語動詞

解
題
攻
略
若句中無謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；此時，應(yīng)先考慮時態(tài)，考生可以根據(jù)句中的時間狀語或語篇提示確定時態(tài)，然后考慮語態(tài)，最后需考慮主謂一致和語氣問題，以此來確定謂語動詞的數(shù)。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut______65______(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
[分析]　考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。最近幾年，生活在Nunavut的一些因紐特人報告說他們在人類居住區(qū)周圍看到北極熊的次數(shù)增加了。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語In recent years可知，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，主語some Inuit people為復數(shù)形式，故填have reported。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______70______(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[分析]　考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后與本空并列的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知，本空需用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語是six(subpopulations)，故填are。
典
例
3
(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______64______(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
[分析]　考查時態(tài)。本句為主從復合句。設(shè)空處作proud Irene的謂語動詞。后面的she had no plans...為賓語從句。根據(jù)上下文可知，設(shè)空處的謂語動詞該用一般過去時，故填declared。
典
例
4
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)On the last day of our week-long stay，we______69______(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[分析]　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語動詞，由語境可知時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，該動作與主語we之間是被動關(guān)系，故填were invited。
[命題點2]　考查非謂語動詞
解
題
攻
略
若句中已有謂語動詞，空處又不在句中作并列謂語時，所要填的通常是非謂語動詞，此時需進一步確定是非謂語動詞的哪種形式。一般來說，作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語通常用非謂語動詞形式；此外，doing表示主動、進行；done表示被動、完成；to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive______64______(perform) consistently over a large area.
[分析]　考查不定式。這些方法大面積持續(xù)使用起來，費用很高。sth.be＋adj.＋to do，其中不定式作狀語，與sth.是動賓關(guān)系。故填to perform。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Scientists have responded by______67______(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are higher than they actually are.
[分析]　考查非謂語動詞。科學家們對此作出了回應(yīng)，他們指出饑餓的北極熊可能正在人類的定居點附近聚集。設(shè)空處作介詞by的賓語，故用v.-ing形式，即by doing sth.通過做某事。故填noting。
典
例
3
(2019 · 全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)When we got a call ______68______(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
[分析]　考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意：當我們接到一個說她入圍了的電話時，我們認為這是個玩笑。設(shè)空處作a call的后置定語。名詞call與動詞say之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞saying，相當于which said。故填saying。
典
例
4
(2019·浙江卷6月，語法填空)But some students didn't want ____68____ (wear)the uniform.
[分析]　考查非謂語動詞作賓語。句意：但是有些學生不想穿校服。want后需加不定式作賓語，故填to wear。類似的動詞還有decide、refuse、offer、promise等。故填to wear。
典
例
5
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge)．

[分析]　此處表示我迅速低下頭避免直視他的眼睛，以便他不會感到受到挑戰(zhàn)?？仗幵谙祫釉~feel后作表語，主語he 與challenge構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填challenged。

[命題點3]　考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
解
題
攻
略
有時所給提示詞雖然是動詞，但是空格處既不是考查謂語動詞也不是考查非謂語動詞，而是要求填所給詞的派生詞。此時要結(jié)合空格處前后的修飾詞來確定所給提示詞應(yīng)派生為哪種詞性。一般考查動詞派生為名詞，有時還需考慮動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~甚至副詞。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a____66____(believe) that populations are increasing.
[分析]　考查名詞。這些報告使人們相信北極熊的數(shù)量正在增長。設(shè)空處作leading to的賓語，且前面有不定冠詞a修飾，故用所給動詞的名詞形式belief。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting______66______(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
[分析]　考查名詞。設(shè)空處作know of的賓語，結(jié)合空前的an interesting可知，此處應(yīng)該用所給詞的名詞形式competition。
典
例
3
(2019·浙江卷6月，語法填空)Other American studies showed no ____69____ (connect)between uniforms and school performance.
[分析]　考查名詞。句意：其他的美國研究表明，校服和學生在學校的表現(xiàn)之間沒有聯(lián)系。no后既可以用名詞的單數(shù)形式也可以用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填connection/connections。

提示詞為名詞

解
題
攻
略
所給提示詞是名詞時，一般考查名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)；有時考查構(gòu)詞法，主要是名詞派生為形容詞或動詞，偶爾考查派生為其他詞意的名詞。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)They also shared with us many____67____(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
[分析]　考查形容詞。設(shè)空處修飾后面的名詞，故用所給詞的形容詞形式traditional。
典
例
2
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____67____(cause)．

[分析]　cause 表示“原因，起因”時是可數(shù)名詞，前面有all，故填cause的復數(shù)形式causes。
典
例
3
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to ____68____(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
[分析]　此處不定式短語作目的狀語，故填strength的動詞形式strengthen。
典
例
4
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)I'm a____66____(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
[分析]　由空后的who可知，定語從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞。故填scientist。

提示詞為形容詞或副詞

“二步思維”破“形、副”

[命題點1]　考查形容詞或副詞的比較等級
解題
攻略
所給提示詞是形容詞或副詞時，需考慮是否變?yōu)楸容^級，有時還需考慮變?yōu)樽罡呒墶Ｈ缛舨皇?，則需考慮詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are____68____(high) than they actually are.
[分析]　考查比較級。這就造成了北極熊數(shù)量比它們實際數(shù)量要多的錯覺。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處要用形容詞的比較級形式higher。
典
例
2
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)He screams the ____63____(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
[分析]　由空前的the 以及空后的of all可知要用最高級。故填loudest。
典
例
3
(2017·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Even ____66____(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
[分析]　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。故填worse。
[命題點2]　考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
解題
攻略
所給提示詞是形容詞時，需要考慮形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞，有時還需要考慮轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been____2____(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
[分析]　考查副詞。因為對許多區(qū)域調(diào)查得不夠充分，所以很難計算出全球北極熊的數(shù)量。設(shè)空處單詞修飾動詞studied，故用其副詞形式poorly。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)Her years of hard work have ____63____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
[分析]　考查副詞。句意：在一位客戶提名她為柴郡的年度女性之后，她多年的努力工作終于得到了認可。根據(jù)文章中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞，作狀語，需要用所給詞的副詞形式。故填finally。
典
例
3
(2018·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)A taste for meat is ____63____(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.
[分析]　修飾作狀語的介詞短語behind the change，用形容詞actual的副詞形式actually。
典
例
4
(2017·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)It is ____70____ (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
[分析]　此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞fun，certain的副詞形式為certainly。

提示詞為代詞
解題
攻略
所給提示詞是代詞時，一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~。有時需考慮人稱代詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)、主格變?yōu)橘e格、人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~等。
典
例
1
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find ____68____(they)alive.
[分析]　因空處作動詞find的賓語，故應(yīng)填人稱代詞的賓格形式，即them。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____68____(it)mother.
[分析]　mother是名詞，所填詞作定語修飾mother，故填其形容詞性物主代詞its。

二、“無提示詞類”考點例析

“二步”填準無提示詞

填代詞
解題
攻略
無提示詞的考查中，當句中缺少主語或賓語時，一般要填代詞，主要包括人稱代詞，不定代詞以及it的用法。
典
例
1
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Running is cheap，easy and it's always energetic.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give ____70____ a try.
[分析]　give it a try 為固定搭配，表示“試一試”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處it指代running，故填it，也可填running。
典
例
2
(2018·浙江卷6月，語法填空)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap____63____ can be to eat out.
[分析]　根據(jù)語境可知，很多來到中國的西方人，一旦他們意識到出去吃是多么便宜，他們在中國做飯的次數(shù)就要比在他們國家少得多。it在句中作形式主語，替代動詞不定式短語to eat out，故填it。

填介詞
解題
攻略
如果名詞或代詞在句中不作主語，表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面一般是填介詞。通常考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的搭配。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Modern methods____63______tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
[分析]　考查介詞?，F(xiàn)代化的跟蹤調(diào)查北極熊數(shù)量的方法在20世紀80年代中期就開始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。故填of/for。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack____63____dogs，seven to be exact.
[分析]　考查介詞。首先迎接我們的是一群狗的叫聲。a pack of dogs一群狗。故填of。
典
例
3
(2019·浙江卷6月，語法填空)But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer ____66____ this question is not clear.
[分析]　考查介詞。名詞answer與介詞to連用，意為：……的答案。類似的名詞還有key、entrance、reply。故填to。
典
例
4
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____65____ walking，cycling or swimming.
[分析]　根據(jù)句中的比較級more effective 可知，這里是把running與walking，cycling，swimming進行比較，故填than。
典
例
5
(2018·浙江卷6月，語法填空)If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ____65____ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.
[分析]　根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞for表示“目的”。
典
例
6
(2017·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____62____ work.
[分析]　travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。

填冠詞
解
題
攻
略
當空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或者空格處修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級、表示特指意義的比較級等形式時，那么空格處一般是填冠詞。有時還考查冠詞在一些固定搭配中的用法。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)Of____69____nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[分析]　考查冠詞。句意：在被認出來的19個北極熊亞群中，有3個數(shù)量降低，有6個是穩(wěn)定的，1個在增加，還有9個缺少足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。設(shè)空處在本句中表示特指，故填冠詞the。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ____69____joke.
[分析]　考查冠詞。joke為可數(shù)名詞，意為“玩笑”，在此處表示泛指，故填a。
典
例
3
(2019·浙江卷6月，語法填空)Everybody wears ____62____ same style of clothes.
[分析]　考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同樣式的衣服。the same為固定短語，故填定冠詞the。
典
例
4
(2018·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____62____past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
[分析]　句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。特指在過去的25年里。故填定冠詞the。
典
例
5
(2017·浙江卷11月，語法填空)It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it's ___56___ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement，which means you'll just keep getting better and better.
[分析]　此處表示積累詞匯是一個持續(xù)的過程，又因為單詞ongoing的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。
典
例
6
(2017·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ____62____model in New York.
[分析]　句意：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特兒每天收入6 500英鎊。此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞a。

填從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞
解題
攻略
當空格前后為兩個句子，且其中一個句子在另一句中充當某一句子成分時，空格處應(yīng)填從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般情況下，考查的是定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，有時也考查名詞性從句或狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence____61____they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
[分析]　考查同位語從句。雖然在北緯88度以北很少見到北極熊，但是有證據(jù)表明它們在整個北極地區(qū)活動，向南甚至遠到加拿大的詹姆斯灣。設(shè)空處引導同位語從句，說明evidence的內(nèi)容，該從句不缺少任何成分，所以要用that引導。
典
例
2
(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______62______she opened with her late husband Les.
[分析]　考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the pet shop。將先行詞代入定語從句后為：She opened __the_pet_shop__ with her late husband Les.由此可見，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語，且指“事物”，故填which。
典
例
3
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)They were well trained by their masters____64____had great experience with caring for these animals.
[分析]　考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞their masters。將先行詞代入定語從句后為：Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞who。
典
例
4
(2016·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)Over time，____65____ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
[分析]　根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”或“當……時候”，故填as/when。

填并列聯(lián)詞
解題
攻略
當空格前后是同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語或句子時，空格處一般是填并列連詞。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)I work not because I have to，____7____because I want to.
[分析]　考查連詞。句意：我工作不是因為我必須工作，而是因為我想工作。根據(jù)句子意思可知，設(shè)空處前面的not構(gòu)成“not...but...”(不是……而是……)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填but。
典
例
2
(2020·煙臺一模，語法填空)You might not like school because you don't have enough friends，____67____ maybe you don't get along with your teacher.
[分析]　因前后是兩個完整的否定句。根據(jù)語境可知，此處描述的是你或許不喜歡上學的原因，表示猜測，應(yīng)填選擇性的連接詞。故填or。

其他語境填詞
解題
攻略
無提示詞的空格有時也需要根據(jù)固定搭配、邏輯關(guān)系以及句式結(jié)構(gòu)填寫適當?shù)脑~。
典
例
1
(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，語法填空)On our way to the house，it was raining____61____hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
[分析]　考查副詞。此處為“so＋adv.＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：如此……以至于……，其中that引導結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。
典
例
2
(2016·全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空)So，get an early start and try to be as productive ____65____ possible before lunch.
[分析]　考查固定搭配。as...as possible為固定搭配，意為“盡可能……”。故填as。
典
例
3
(全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours ____62____，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.
[分析]　考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意和“I'd been at home”的時態(tài)可知此處表示“幾個小時前，我待在香港的家里?！薄按诩依铩睉?yīng)該是發(fā)生在過去動作arrived之前，故填before/earlier。

[小題夯基練]
單句語法填空
1．Since 2011，the country ____61____(grow) more corn than rice.
解析：has grown　[句中缺少謂語部分，故空格處作謂語。根據(jù)時間狀語Since 2011可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語為the country，故填has grown。]
2．(2020·鄭州市質(zhì)檢二)Traffic，together with factory fumes，____67____ (be) a big problem.
解析：is　[考查主謂一致。句中的主語是Traffic，為不可數(shù)名詞，且此處描述的是客觀情況，故填is。]
3．You don't have to run fast or for long ____62____ (see) the benefit.
解析：to see　[考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語部分don't have to run，所以空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞。由語境可知空處作目的狀語，故填to see。]
4．(2020·南昌市聯(lián)考)I saw some older people ____64____ (practise) tai chi slowly.I stopped and watched their movements closely.
解析：practising　[考查非謂語動詞?！拔摇笨匆娨恍├夏耆苏鼐毺珮O。本句含有“感官動詞＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語some older people與practise 是主動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)后面的“I stopped and watched their movements closely.”可知，賓補動作正在發(fā)生，故用practise的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。]
5．(2020·宜昌葛洲壩中學月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years，but ____62____ (express) from them have entered various languages.
解析：expressions　[考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：不僅這些寓言本身存在了近1 500年，而且里面的一些詞語已經(jīng)被收錄到各種語言中了。設(shè)空處表示“詞語”之意，在句中作主語，需用名詞形式；根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的have entered 可推知設(shè)空處需用名詞復數(shù)形式，故填expressions。]
6．(2020·徐州一中檢測)____________(happy) for him，his stepmother was kind to him.
解析：Happily　[考查形容詞、副詞變形。句意：使他高興的是，他的繼母對他很好?？崭裉幬挥诰涫鬃鳡钫Z修飾后面整個句子，故用副詞形式；根據(jù)提示詞可推知用happily且其首字母要大寫。]
7．(2020·榆林二中一模)Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the ____62____(late) medical development.
解析：latest　[考查形容詞。句意：醫(yī)生用它來了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的醫(yī)學發(fā)展。設(shè)空處作定語，修飾medical development，意為“最新的”，故填形容詞latest。]
8．(2019·鄭州一中測試六)Four boys were taking ____66____ walk in the woods near Montignac.
解析：a　[考查冠詞。句意：四個男孩兒正在蒙提涅克附近的樹林里散步。take a walk 為固定短語，意為“行走，散步”。]
9．(2019·鄭州一中測試六)Most caves are formed ____62____ nature under the ground，but some have entrances people can find.
解析：by　[考查介詞。句意：大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的，但有些洞窟的入口人們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。by nature為固定搭配，意為“天然地”，故填介詞by。]
10．(2019·鄭州市質(zhì)檢一)To me，the debating community is a great place ____68____ people help each other.
解析：where　[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作狀語，先行詞為place，故用where。]
11．(2019·濱州市統(tǒng)考)____66____ it's difficult to master the language，he considers it important for his future career.
解析：While/Though/Although　[考查從屬連詞。句意：雖然掌握這門語言是困難的，但他認為這對他的職業(yè)發(fā)展來說是重要的?！癬___66____ it's difficult to master the language”為讓步狀語從句，設(shè)空處表示“雖然”，故填While/Though/Although。]
12．(2019·廣州市質(zhì)檢一)____66____ he witnessed in China aroused much interest among his countrymen.
解析：What　[考查主語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導主語從句，也在從句中作及物動詞witnessed的賓語，故用What引導該主語從句。]
13．(2020·黃岡元月調(diào)研)What all of you really wanted was coffee，not the cup，____63____ you went for the best cups and then began looking at each other's cups.
解析：but/yet　[考查并列連詞。句意：你們大家真正想要的是咖啡而不是杯子，但是你們都去拿了最好的杯子然后開始看彼此的杯子。前后兩個分句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填并列連詞but/yet。]
14．(2019·衡水中學調(diào)考)In general，third-culture kids benefit from ____61____ (they) inter-cultural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.
解析：their　[考查代詞。句意：一般而言，“第三文化的孩子們”受益于他們對不同文化的體驗，并且他們的學習成績往往會非常優(yōu)秀。設(shè)空處作inter-cultural experiences的定語，故填形容詞性物主代詞their。]
15．(2019·江西名校質(zhì)檢)Eighteen years later，we're still here and doing ____69____ (well) than ever.
解析：better　[考查比較級。句意：18年以后我們還在這里，并且比以往做得更好。根據(jù)than ever 可知設(shè)空處填副詞比較級；根據(jù)提示詞well可知答案為better。]
[大題提能練]
Ⅰ.語法填空——有提示詞專練(用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空)
She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas 1.____________ (be) looking forward to the challenge of 2.____________(she) new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 3.____________ (rest)．Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a model in New York.
Sarah 4.____________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel,5.____________ (earn) a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her 6.____________ (give) up school to model full-time.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 7.____________ (prove) that she has brains as well as 8.____________ (beautiful)．She is determined 9.____________(carry) on with her 10.____________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 11.____________ (invite) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before 12.____________ (go) to university to get a degree in 13.____________ (engineer) or architecture.
Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 14.____________ (come) first.I don't want to get too 15.____________ (absorb) in modeling.It is 16.____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little 17.____________ (real)．I don't want to have nothing else 18.____________ (fall) back on when I can't model any more.”
[語篇解讀]　文章介紹了紐約市16歲的高中女孩薩拉，她不僅學習成績好、長得漂亮，而且是一個收入不菲的時裝模特。她爸爸希望她退學專門從事模特行業(yè)，但是她以學業(yè)為重，堅持學業(yè)和工作兩不誤。
1．解析：is　[考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。提示詞為be，句子缺少謂語動詞，主語為Sarah Thomas，根據(jù)上下文(looks；is not...)的時態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填is。]
2．解析：her　[考查代詞。提示詞為代詞，在句中作定語修飾名詞course，所以用she的形容詞性物主代詞her。]
3．解析：resting　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞。spend time doing sth.是固定句式，意為“花費時間做某事”。]
4．解析：has been told/was told　[考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。提示詞為動詞，句中缺少謂語動詞，根據(jù)語境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超級名模，此處可以用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。]
5．解析：earning　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，從句中已有謂語動詞could be，由此可以判斷，此處用非謂語動詞。分析語境可知，earn的邏輯主語就是從句的主語she，在句中作結(jié)果狀語，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。]
6．解析：to give　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，句中已有謂語動詞wants，這里是want sb.to do sth.“想讓某人做某事”，所以用動詞不定式作賓補。]
7．解析：to prove　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，句中已有謂語動詞wants，want to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“想做某事”，故用動詞不定式作賓語。]
8．解析：beauty　[考查名詞。提示詞為形容詞，as well as為連詞，前后成分應(yīng)該一致，所以該空應(yīng)該和前面的brains一致，用名詞形式，在這里beauty為抽象的概念，沒有復數(shù)形式。 ]
9．解析：to carry　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，be determined to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用動詞不定式。]
10．解析：education　[考查名詞。前面有形容詞性物主代詞her 修飾，故用educate的名詞形式education，且education是不可數(shù)名詞，故用其原形。]
11．解析：invitations　[考查名詞。提示詞為動詞，前有several作定語修飾，故此處需要一個名詞，而且invitation是可數(shù)名詞，前面有several修飾，故用其復數(shù)。]
12．解析：going　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，she 與go之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用“介詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”形式作狀語。所以用going。]
13．解析：engineering　[考查名詞。提示詞為動詞，前面有介詞in，后跟表示某個專業(yè)的名詞，和后面的architecture的形式一致，所以用engineering。]
14．解析：comes　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)at the moment(現(xiàn)在)可知，這個句子用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，而且主語school是單數(shù)，故用comes。]
15．解析：absorbed　[考查形容詞。提示詞為動詞，在系動詞后用形容詞形式。get/be absorbed in 為固定用法，意為“忙于……，專注于……”。]
16．解析：certainly　[考查副詞。提示詞為形容詞，此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞fun。]
17．解析：unreal　[考查形容詞。提示詞為形容詞，根據(jù)語境可知，這里表達的意思為：模特表演確實很有趣，但是這種生活方式有點不真實。所以用反義詞。要注意but的用法。]
18．解析：to fall　[考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞，在句中作定語修飾nothing，fall的邏輯主語就是句子的主語I，故用動詞不定式to fall。]

Ⅱ.語法填空——無提示詞專練(每空限一詞)
In 1863 1.____________ first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers 2.____________ allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above 3.____________they travelled to and 4.____________ work.5.____________ took three years to complete and was built using 6.____________ interesting method.This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over 7.____________ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,8.____________ all the smoke and noise.9.____________，the railway quickly proved to be 10.____________ great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 11.____________ every day.
Later，engineers managed to construct railways 12.____________ a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，13.____________ became known 14.____________ the Tube.This development was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of 15.____________ most successful of these new lines，and was opened 16.____________ 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular 17.____________ the public.
[語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了全世界第一個地下客運鐵路在英國開放及其逐漸發(fā)展成現(xiàn)在的地鐵的歷程。
1．解析：the　[考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞用定冠詞修飾。句意為：1863年，世界上第一條地鐵在倫敦運營。]
2．解析：and　[考查連詞。連接兩個并列的謂語動詞“ran”和“allowed”，用連詞and。]
3．解析：as/when　[考查狀語從句的連詞。引導一個時間狀語從句，用連詞as/when。句意為：這條地鐵能夠讓人們避免上下班在路上遇到的交通擁堵。]
4．解析：from　[考查介詞。travel to and from work上下班，為固定搭配。]
5．解析：It　[考查代詞。此處缺少主語，由句意可知，主語仍為the firs underground passenger railway，且位于句首，故用It。]
6．解析：an　[考查冠詞?？蓴?shù)名詞method在句中表泛指，前有發(fā)音以元音開頭的interesting修飾，用不定冠詞an。]
7．解析：the　[考查冠詞。此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。]
8．解析：with　[考查介詞。表伴隨，意為“帶有，具有”，用介詞with。]
9．解析：However　[考查副詞。上文說的是“有煙霧和噪音，對乘客來說一定相當不愉快”，下文說的是“這條鐵路很快證明是成功的”，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，又因為空后有逗號，且位于句首，故用副詞However。]
10．解析：a　[考查冠詞。抽象名詞“success”在這里指的是修建這條地鐵這件事，屬于典型的抽象名詞具體化，所以用不定冠詞a。]
11．解析：it　[考查代詞。use是及物動詞，其后接賓語，此處很明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，此處用it指代上文提到的the railway。]
12．解析：in　[考查介詞。這里指的是在隧道里，所以用介詞in。]
13．解析：which　[考查關(guān)系代詞。代替上文指物的先行詞，引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which。]
14．解析：as　[考查介詞。be/become known as 意為“作為……而出名”。]
15．解析：the　[考查冠詞。在最高級的前面用定冠詞 the。]
16．解析：in　[考查介詞。表示在哪一年，用介詞in。]
17．解析：with　[考查介詞。popular with 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“深受……歡迎”。]

Ⅲ.綜合語法填空
A
Wuzhen Water Town is a typical ancient town in southern China.1.____________(lie) in the northern part of Tongxiang City，Zhejiang Province，it can be easily accessed through a number of expressways.On a recent business trip to Shanghai，a local friend 2.____________ (invite) me to Wuzhen.
It was 9：00 am when we arrived there.With its houses made 3.____________ black bricks and gray tiles(瓦)against the white walls，the small town is like a 4.____________ (tradition) Chinese ink wash drawing.Wandering along the riverside，you will be 5.____________ (deep) impressed by the great scenery and slow lifestyle.During lunchtime，I 6.____________ (treat) to the steamed white fish，a well-known dish served at most 7.____________ (restaurant) in Wuzhen.It tasted so good.But I think it is the combination of culture and food that makes it so outstanding.
After lunch，we continued our walk，enjoying the sights and learning about its history，a history 8.____________ is full of good stories and unique traits (特色)．
It's really fortunate for anybody 9.____________ (explore) such a beautiful place.We hope there will be 10.____________ second chance to visit this wonderful town!
[語篇解讀]　本文敘述了作者游覽烏鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)歷。
1．解析：Lying　[考查非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，與邏輯主語it之間是主動關(guān)系。]
2．解析：invited　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。時間狀語是On a recent business trip，句子時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去時。]
3．解析：of　[考查介詞。(be) made of...“由……制成、構(gòu)成”是固定搭配。]
4．解析：traditional　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語，修飾drawing，“傳統(tǒng)的中國水墨畫”。]
5．解析：deeply　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞作狀語，修飾動詞impressed“留下深深的印象”。]
6．解析：was treated　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。treat sb.to sth.“請某人吃……”為習慣搭配；此句中I和treat之間為被動關(guān)系，時態(tài)為一般過去時。]
7．解析：restaurants　[考查名詞復數(shù)。most 為復數(shù)的標志詞，此處用復數(shù)泛指多數(shù)飯店。]
8．解析：that/which　[考查定語從句。先行詞是history，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。]
9．解析：to explore　[考查不定式。不定式作真正的主語，it作形式主語。]
10．解析：a　[考查冠詞?！癮＋序數(shù)詞”表示重復，意為“又一次，再一次”，不表示順序。]

B

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road are also 1.____________ (know) as the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR)．It is a development strategy that focuses 2.____________ the cooperation between Eurasian countries，primarily the People's Republic of China (PRC)，the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB)and the ocean-going Maritime Silk Road (MSR)．The strategy underlines China's push 3.____________ (play)a larger role in global affairs with a China-centered trading network.
It 4.____________(raise)by Xi Jinping in September and October 2013 for SREB and MSR respectively.It was also promoted by Premier Li Keqiang during the state visit to Asia and Europe and the most 5.____________ (frequent) mentioned concept in the People's Daily in 2016.It was initially called One Belt and One Road,6.____________ in mid-2016 the official English name was changed to the Belt and Road Initiative.
The future of trade in Asia could depend heavily on what becomes of China's expansive One Belt，One Road initiative,7.____________ calls for massive investment in the development of trade routes in the region.An ancient Chinese saying 8.____________ (go)，“A long journey can be covered only by 9.____________(take) one step at a time.”Similarly，in Europe，there is also the saying that“Rome wasn't built in a day.”O(jiān)BOR requires more dedicated 10.____________ (effort)．It will bring true benefit to both the world and China!
[語篇解讀]　本文主要介紹了一帶一路的相關(guān)知識。
1．解析：known　[考查非謂語動詞。此處為過去分詞作表語。]
2．解析：on　[考查介詞。此處為focus on短語，意為“集中于”。]
3．解析：to play　[考查不定式。此處為動詞不定式作后置定語。]
4．解析：was raised　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的時間狀語in September and October 2013 可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時，再結(jié)合主語和謂語的關(guān)系可知應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。]
5．解析：frequently　[考查副詞。此處副詞修飾形容詞mentioned。]
6．解析：but　[考查連詞。根據(jù)前后語境可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。]
7．解析：which　[考查定語從句。此處which引導非限制性定語從句并在定語從句中充當主語。]
8．解析：goes　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。正如古代的諺語所說，用一般現(xiàn)在時。]
9．解析：taking　[考查動名詞。此處by為介詞，后跟動詞的-ing形式。]
10．解析：efforts　[考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)其前的more可知此處應(yīng)用名詞的復數(shù)形式。]
C
Alcohol is a substance that reduces the function of the brain,1.____________ (weaken) thinking，reasoning and muscle coordination.All these abilities are essential to operating a vehicle 2.____________ (safe)．
As alcohol levels rise in a person's system，the negative effects 3.____________ the central nervous system increase，too.Alcohol 4.____________ (absorb) directly through the walls of the stomach and small intestine(腸)．Then it passes into the bloodstream 5.____________ it accumulates until it is broken down by the liver.Alcohol level is measured by the weight of the alcohol in a certain volume of blood.This is called Blood Alcohol Concentration，or BAC.At a BAC of 0.8 milligrams of alcohol per milliliter of blood，crash risk 6.____________ (increase) greatly.Because of this risk，it's illegal in many places 7.____________ (drive) with a BAC of 0.8 or higher.However，even a small amount of alcohol can affect driving ability.In fact，every year there are thousands of people 8.____________ (kill) in alcohol-related crashes where drivers have 9.____________ (low) alcohol levels (BACs of 0.1 to 0.7 mg/ml)．
BAC is measured with a breathalyzer，a device that measures the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath,10.____________ by a blood test.
[語篇解讀]　本文是說明文，介紹了酒駕的危害以及有關(guān)規(guī)定。
1．解析：weakening　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。]
2．解析：safely　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞作狀語，修飾動作operating。]
3．解析：on　[考查介詞。the effects on...為習慣搭配。]
4．解析：is absorbed　[考查被動語態(tài)。alcohol 與absorb之間為被動關(guān)系。]
5．解析：where　[考查定語從句。where引導定語從句，在從句中作狀語。]
6．解析：increases　[考查主謂一致。此處表示通常情況，為現(xiàn)在時，主語crash risk 為單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。]
7．解析：to drive　[考查不定式。本句為it作形式主語，不定式是真正主語。]
8．解析：killed　[考查過去分詞。過去分詞作后置定語修飾people。]
9．解析：lower　[考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)后面括號里的數(shù)字可判斷，此處指比規(guī)定酒精含量BAC 0.8更低的含量。]
10．解析：or　[考查連詞。上下句之間為選擇關(guān)系。“BAC是用體內(nèi)酒精含量測定器或者驗血來測定的”。]
D
A new university course is about the study of selfies 1.____________ (take) on cellphones.The goal is to analyze 2.____________ (it) cultural meaning and self-expression in the modern world.
The course began at the University of Southern California.And it attracted people 3.____________ (huge)．It is Professor Mark Marino 4.____________ teaches the course.He defended the 5.____________ (important) to understand the phenomenon that boomed with the advent(流行)of smartphones.“My students are learning that selfies 6.____________ (become) part of the communication process by this time，”Mark said，“and there are parts of our identity that are being read regardless of how we try to portray ourselves.So the course is very popular 7.____________ some students.”
As part of the course，students have to take five self-portraits 8.____________ analyze the background，their clothes，their gestures and any objects in the image.Throughout the course，they 9.____________ (ask) to compare their selfies with those of other students and well-known people，like Beyonce,10.____________ singer who often posts selfies on social media.
[語篇解讀]　用智能手機自拍是許多人的愛好。美國的一所大學開設(shè)了一門關(guān)于自拍的課程。
1．解析：taken　[考查過去分詞。take與selfies之間是動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。]
2．解析：its　[考查代詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。]
3．解析：hugely　[考查副詞。修飾動詞attracted應(yīng)用副詞形式。]
4．解析：who/that　[考查強調(diào)句。被強調(diào)的是Professor Mark Marino，故可用who或that。]
5．解析：importance　[考查名詞。作defended的賓語，故應(yīng)填名詞形式。]
6．解析：have become　[考查時態(tài)。由by this time可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。]
7．解析：with　[考查介詞。be popular with意為“受……的歡迎”。]
8．解析：and　[考查連詞。take和analyze是并列動詞，因此用并列連詞and。]
9．解析：are asked　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；they 和ask是動賓關(guān)系，因此用被動語態(tài)。]
10．解析：the　[考查冠詞。singer后有定語從句修飾，故應(yīng)用定冠詞。]