一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．civilization n．　　　　文明
2．volcano n. 火山
3．erupt vi. (火山等)爆發(fā)
4．commercial adj. 商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的
5．sandstorm n. 沙塵暴，風(fēng)沙
6．institute n. (教育或其他專業(yè))機(jī)構(gòu)，研究所
7．a(chǎn)ircraft n. 飛機(jī)
8．carrier n. 航空母艦，運(yùn)輸設(shè)備；運(yùn)輸公司
9．statue n. 雕塑，雕像
10．corrupt vt. 使腐化，使墮落
adj. 貪污的，腐敗的
11．lecture n. 講座
12．sailor n. 水手，海員
13．historical adj. 歷史的；與歷史研究相關(guān)的
14．solution n. 解決辦法，解答
15．philosophy n. 哲學(xué)
16．researcher n. 研究者，調(diào)查者
17．scholar n. 學(xué)者
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫(xiě)其形)
1．found vt. 興建，創(chuàng)建
2．flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速離開(kāi)
3．true-to-life adj. 逼真的
4．disaster n. 災(zāi)難
5.destroy vt.　　　　　毀壞，摧毀
6．cultural adj. 文化的
7．ruin n. 廢墟；毀壞
vt. 破壞，毀滅
8．pour vi. 涌流，傾瀉
vt. 倒出(液體)
9．document n. 文獻(xiàn)，文件
10．nearby adv.& adj. 在附近(的)
11．extreme adj. 極度的；極端的
12．complain vi. 抱怨
13．a(chǎn)udience n. 觀眾，聽(tīng)眾
14．ceremony n. 儀式，典禮
15．poison n. 毒藥，毒物
vt. 毒害，下毒
16．declare vt. 宣布，宣稱
17．march vi.& n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)發(fā)；游行
18．a(chǎn)head adv. (時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，
預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先
19．salary n. 薪金，薪水
20．judge v. 判斷；審判
n. 法官，審判員；裁判員
21．material n. 材料；物質(zhì)
adj. 物質(zhì)的
22．glory n. 輝煌；榮耀，光榮
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．unfortunate adj.不幸的，遺憾的→unfortunately_adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遺憾地→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
2．decorate vt.裝飾，裝潢→decoration n．裝飾，裝飾品
3．wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n．財(cái)富，財(cái)產(chǎn)
4．gradually adv.漸漸地，逐漸地→gradual adj.漸漸的，逐漸的
5．remains n．遺物，遺跡，遺骸→remain v．遺留，剩余；繼續(xù)存在→remaining adj.剩余的
6．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆發(fā)
7．wooden adj.木制的→wood n．木料；樹(shù)木
8．expression n．表達(dá)；表情，神色→express vt.表達(dá)，表示
9．powerful adj.強(qiáng)有力的→power n．動(dòng)力，權(quán)力→powerless adj.無(wú)能的，無(wú)力的
10．memorial n．紀(jì)念館，紀(jì)念碑a(chǎn)dj.紀(jì)念的→memory n．記憶(力)；回憶→memorize vt.記憶；背誦
11．educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培養(yǎng)→educator n．教育者，教育家
12．a(chǎn)ware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺(jué)到的→awareness n．認(rèn)識(shí)，意識(shí)
13．basis n．基礎(chǔ)；基準(zhǔn)；原因→basic adj.基礎(chǔ)的→base n．基地；根基；基礎(chǔ)v.以……為基礎(chǔ)
[語(yǔ)境活用]
1．In order to gain much wealth and fame, the singer left his hometown as a poor boy and finally returned as an extremely wealthy man.(wealth)
2．She devoted her remaining years to the cause of studying the remains of the Forbidden City.(remain)
3．Someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.If so, he could gradually raise public moral awareness.(aware)
4．After he came to power,_everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter.(power)
5．Though the trip to the memorial was over, it left a permanent memory on me. I will memorize the deeds done by heroes.(memory)
6．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)
7．The puzzled expression on her face suggested that she didn't know how she could express her feelings properly.(express)
8．Yesterday a bomb exploded in the market.The explosion was heard a mile away.(explode)







(二)練中記短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)記牢
語(yǔ)境活用(選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空)
1.take_over　　　　　　　　奪取；接管
2．in_memory_of 紀(jì)念
3．no_doubt 無(wú)疑，確實(shí)
4．rise_up_against 起義，反抗
5．stand_in_one's_path 阻礙(某人)
6．come_down_with 患(病)
7．be_buried_alive 被活埋
8．turn_out 結(jié)果是，證明是
9．break_down 毀掉；身體垮掉；拋錨
10．together_with 與……一起
11．pour_out 涌出
12．focus_on 集中(精力)于
13．carry_out 實(shí)施；執(zhí)行
14．on_board 在船上(飛機(jī)上或火車(chē)上)
15．have_enough_of 對(duì)……感到厭煩
16．make_sb._aware_of 讓某人意識(shí)到
17．take_part_in 參加
18．a(chǎn)head_of 在……前面
19．less_than 少于
20．declare_war_against 向……宣戰(zhàn)
1.After hiking for two hours, she dropped herself into a chair, completely breaking_down.
2．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on_board.
3．There's no_doubt that the 3D technology can print a variety of items that traditional manufacturing can't make.
4．It is more difficult to carry_out a plan than to think one out.Just as you know, saying is one thing and doing another.
5．I'm surprised you haven't had_enough_of him, yet I found him very boring.
6．Henry has taken_over the running of the family firm from his old father.
7．The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned_out as adults was surprisingly sharp.
8．Columbia, as can be easily guessed, was named in_memory_of Columbus, who discovered America in 1492.
9．Many children in the kindergarten came_down_with the flu last week.
10．He has a bad temper and will not listen to anybody, so you'd better not stand_in_his_path.

(三)仿寫(xiě)明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫(xiě)
1.Near the city was a volcano.
離該城不遠(yuǎn)處有一座火山。
表示地點(diǎn)或處所的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子使用全部倒裝。
(2017·北京高考滿分作文)一座美麗的現(xiàn)代都市——泰安坐落于泰山腳下。
At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits a beautiful modern city — Tai'an.
2.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.
原來(lái)，火山灰覆蓋了沒(méi)能逃離城市的人，他們的身體幾乎全部燒化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空當(dāng)。
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常表示意料、情理之中的自然而然的結(jié)果。
(2017·天津高考滿分作文)我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備期末考試，沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間和家人交流，也沒(méi)有時(shí)間和朋友們閑逛了。
I have been busy making preparations for the final exam, leaving_me_not_much_time to communicate with my family or hang out with my friends.
3.The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand — what a pity!
這片沙漠曾是一塊長(zhǎng)著參天大樹(shù)的綠洲，但是大樹(shù)被砍倒了，這導(dǎo)致了這座城市被風(fēng)沙覆蓋——多么遺憾啊！
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(名詞＋v.-ing形式)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。
他父母堅(jiān)持要他學(xué)醫(yī)。
His parents insisted on his_studying_medicine.
4.In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1,177 men on board.
在不到9分鐘的時(shí)間里，船連同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
老師在教室里來(lái)來(lái)回回走動(dòng)，手里拿著一本書(shū)。
The teacher was walking back and forth in the classroom, with_a_book_in_his_hand.


二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．pour vi.涌流，傾瀉vt.倒出(液體)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①The mist. The damp air. The noise. It feels like a mighty storm is_pouring_down.
薄霧，潮濕的空氣，噪音，感覺(jué)就像一場(chǎng)狂風(fēng)暴雨正傾瀉而下。
②Large quantities of waste water were_poured_into_rivers without being cleaned in the past.
在過(guò)去，大量廢水未經(jīng)凈化就被倒入河流。
③You do the honors and_pour_out_the_tea while I bring in the cakes.
你來(lái)倒茶招待客人，我去拿糕點(diǎn)。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
pour into/in　　　　　 涌入/涌進(jìn)
pour ...into 把……倒入；大量投資于
pour down (雨)傾盆而下
pour out 斟，倒(飲料)；傾吐，傾訴
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
④The commission has invited interested parties to submit comments, and these are now pouring in.大量涌來(lái)
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))每個(gè)人都可以傾訴心聲，表達(dá)他們對(duì)學(xué)校變化的看法。
Everyone_can_pour_out_their_hearts_and_express_their_opinions_about_our_school's_changes.
2．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速離開(kāi)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①When the war broke out, he fled_to Yunnan of China with his wife.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后，他攜妻子逃到了中國(guó)云南。
②The people got into a panic and fled_from_the_fire.
人們驚恐萬(wàn)分地逃離了火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
flee to ...　　　　　　　　　　　 逃到某地
flee from ...(＝escape from) 從……逃離
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
③To their puzzle, the thief fleed from the police in a stolen car.fleed→fled
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
④(2016·四川高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我喜歡去河里游泳以逃離夏天的酷熱。
I_like_to_swim_in_the_river_to_flee_from_the_extreme_heat_in_summer.
3．ruin n．[C](pl.)廢墟，遺跡；[U]毀壞，毀滅，崩潰 vt.破壞，毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①When the rescuers reached the ruins (ruin) of a young woman's house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.
②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the big flood.
③Drunk driving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passers-by.
酒后駕駛不僅毀掉了他自己還導(dǎo)致幾名過(guò)路人死亡。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)lie/be in ruins　　　 成為廢墟
fall into ruin 毀滅；毀壞
bring ... to ruin 使……毀滅；使……沒(méi)落；使……破產(chǎn)
(2)ruin sth./sb. 毀壞某物/某人
ruin one's health/fame/future 毀掉某人的健康/名譽(yù)/前途
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④You will bring yourself to ruins if you don't take your study seriously.ruins→ruin
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2017·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))一些不好的因素正在破壞著電影產(chǎn)業(yè)的未來(lái)，因此電影產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)該做出更大努力來(lái)吸引更多的觀眾。
Some_bad_factors_are_ruining_the_future_of_film_industry,_so_great_efforts_should_be_made_to_attract_more_audience._


4．remains n．遺物，遺跡，遺??；剩余物
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)t remains to_be_seen (see) whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
②The guests came in, but she remained seated (seat) at the desk reading.
③He bought a new pen with the remaining (remain) money.
④The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hungrily.
完成句子
⑤But that moment I met her will remain_in_my_mind_and_my_heart_forever.
但我遇見(jiàn)她的那一刻，將永遠(yuǎn)留在我的腦海和我的心中。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)the remains of ...　　　　 ……的遺跡
(2)remain＋
(3)remaining adj. 剩余的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥She used the remained 50 dollars/50 dollars left to buy her mother a gift.
remained→remaining
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑦(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))在觀看短片時(shí)，你們所有人都必須保持安靜。
When_watching_the_movie,_all_of_you_are_required_to_remain_quiet.
[名師指津]　當(dāng)表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思時(shí)，常把remaining放在被修飾詞之前作前置定語(yǔ)，而left常放在被修飾詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)。
5．complain vi.抱怨
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain_about how hard their lives are.
那些過(guò)得不開(kāi)心的人經(jīng)常抱怨他們的生活有多么艱難。
②Many people complain_that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.
許多人抱怨他們的工作既無(wú)趣又有壓力。
③I'd like to make_a_complaint_about the noise upstairs.
我要就樓上的噪音問(wèn)題提出投訴。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)complain that ...　　　　　　　　 抱怨……
complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投訴
make a complaint against/about ... 對(duì)……投訴
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
④I'm going to complain to the manager about this affair.投訴
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2015·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格自愿地遵守交通規(guī)則，在紅燈時(shí)停車(chē)，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
We_should_strictly_and_voluntarily_follow_traffic_rules,_stopping_at_the_red_light_rather_than_complaining_about_traffic_jams.
6．declare vt.宣布，宣稱；宣告；聲明
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
①When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy, which made them unhappy.
②It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
③Our school declared that the girl was head of our department.
→Our school declared_the girl to be head of our department.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
declare sb./sth. to be　　　　　 宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示贊成/反對(duì)……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣戰(zhàn)
declare that 宣布……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
④According to the rule, your income must be declared on this form.申報(bào)
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我知道你對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，所以我宣布北京大學(xué)是你最好的選擇。
I_know_you're_interested_in_Chinese_culture,_so_I_declare_Peking_University_to_be_your_best_choice.
7．a(chǎn)head adv.(時(shí)間、空間)在前面；提前，預(yù)先；領(lǐng)先
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①I(mǎi) thought we'd be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of_time.
我認(rèn)為我們音樂(lè)會(huì)會(huì)遲到，但我們最終提前到達(dá)了那里。
②—I probably shouldn't have any more cake.
—Oh, go_ahead. It won't kill you.
——我可能不應(yīng)該再吃蛋糕了。
——哦，吃點(diǎn)吧。對(duì)你沒(méi)有害處的。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
ahead of　　　　　　　　 在……前面
ahead of time/schedule 提前
go ahead 進(jìn)行吧，干吧
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
③You need to know that the great opportunity is ahead you.ahead后加of
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))當(dāng)你去中國(guó)家庭作客時(shí)，最好在約定時(shí)間之前到達(dá)。
When_you_go_to_visit_a_Chinese_family,_you'd_better_arrive_ahead_of_the_appointed_time.





8．a(chǎn)ware adj.意識(shí)到的，知道的；察覺(jué)到的
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①This should serve as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
②If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
完成句子
③We should take measures to raise_people's_awareness_of_this_problem.
我們應(yīng)采取措施來(lái)提高人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)。
④As_far_as_I'm_aware,_we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldn't be too greedy for wealth.
據(jù)我所知，我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)辛勤勞動(dòng)賺錢(qián)，而且我們不應(yīng)該對(duì)財(cái)富太貪婪。
⑤That accident made_him_aware_of the serious result of drunk driving.
那次事故使他意識(shí)到酒后駕駛的嚴(yán)重后果。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be aware that ...　　　　　　 知道，體會(huì)到……
be/become aware of 知道/意識(shí)到
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意識(shí)到
as far as I'm aware 據(jù)我所知……
(2)awareness n. 認(rèn)識(shí)，意識(shí)
raise one's awareness about/of 提高某人對(duì)……的認(rèn)識(shí)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑥The travel made me aware from the beauty of nature.from→of
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑦(2015·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))一些駕駛員、騎自行車(chē)的人和行人缺乏遵守交通規(guī)則的意識(shí)，因?yàn)樗麄兯坪跻庾R(shí)不到哪些應(yīng)該做、哪些不應(yīng)該做。
Some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_lack_the_awareness_of_obeying_the_traffic_rules_for_the_reason_that_they_seem_unaware_of_the_dos_and_don'ts_on_the_road.


9．judge n．法官，審判員；裁判員vt.判斷；審判；裁判
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①All under 30 years old, the candidates were examined by a group of judges (judge) in their fields.
②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.
④The accident was caused by an error of judgement (judge) on the part of the pilot.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)judge ...from/by ...　　 從……來(lái)判斷
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為
(2)judging by/from 從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷
(3)judgement n. 判斷力；評(píng)價(jià)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
⑤Judged from/by what he said, he was very disappointed.Judged→Judging
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑥(2018·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我們都知道，大部分的消費(fèi)排名都是基于其他人對(duì)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的判斷。
As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others'_judgement_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.
[名師指津]　judging from/by用在句首，作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)而不采用過(guò)去分詞的形式。

1．take over奪取，占據(jù)；接替；接管
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
take away　　　　　 拿走；奪走
take down 寫(xiě)下，記下；拆卸
take in 吸收；理解；欺騙；收容
take off 起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功
take on 接納；雇傭；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)
take up 拿起；接受；占據(jù)；開(kāi)始從事；繼續(xù)
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(介、副詞填空)
①You have to learn to take down the key points even though you don't take them in.
②When Mr. Green retired, his son took over the business from him.
③Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
④Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
⑤He witnessed to having seen the man take away the case.
⑥In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑦(2018·浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))當(dāng)一個(gè)志愿者生病時(shí)，我接替了她的工作。那些美國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)我評(píng)價(jià)很高。
When_a_volunteer_was_ill,_I_took_over_the_task_from_her._Those_American_students_thought_highly_of_me.
2．in memory of紀(jì)念
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
in terms of　　　　　　 就……而言
in need/want of 需要
in favor of 贊同；支持
in praise of 贊揚(yáng)
in honour of 為了向……表示敬意
in view of 鑒于，考慮到，由于
in search of 尋找
in support of 支持
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(選用上述短語(yǔ)填空)
①M(fèi)y goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in_support_of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
②A ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in_memory_of its builder and his devotion to the project.
③A banquet was given_in_honour_of the distinguished guests from Tsinghua University.
④In_view_of the experience of the 20th century, many observers predict that economic growth will slow down.

佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2018·浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我了解到我們學(xué)校的英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)現(xiàn)在需要一些志愿者來(lái)接待來(lái)我們學(xué)校參觀的外國(guó)學(xué)生。
I've_learned_that_the_English_Association_of_our_school_is_now_in_need_of_some_volunteers_to_receive_foreign_students_visiting_our_school.
3．no doubt無(wú)疑，確實(shí)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
對(duì)比填空：that/whether/if
①There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
②I don't doubt that my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
③This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)There is no doubt that ...　 　 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……
There is some doubt whether ... 懷疑是否……
without doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
(2)don't doubt that ... 不懷疑……
doubt whether/if ... 懷疑/不相信是否……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯(cuò)處處防
④No doubt whether you will succeed in your scientific research.whether→that
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫(xiě)
⑤(2015·廣東高考書(shū)面表達(dá))毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，它可以增強(qiáng)人們的健康意識(shí)，但是更有可能導(dǎo)致過(guò)度焦慮。
There_is_no_doubt_that_it_can_enhance_people's_consciousness_of_health,_but_it_is_more_likely_to_result_in_over-anxiety.
4．動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
　[教材原句]　The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand — what a pity!
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①I(mǎi) can't imagine Mary's/Mary_marrying such a young man.
我無(wú)法想像瑪麗嫁給一個(gè)這樣的年輕人。
②What worried the child most was his/him_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.
最讓那個(gè)孩子擔(dān)心的是他不被允許去看望生病住院的媽媽。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法
規(guī)則
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)主要有兩種情況：
(1)名詞所有格/名詞的普通格＋doing(如Mary's/Mary marrying)
(2)形容詞性物主代詞/人稱代詞的賓格＋doing (如his/him coming)
注意
事項(xiàng)
如果動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)只能用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·天津高考滿分作文)I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2016·北京高考滿分作文)Haiguo Tuzhi's introducing modern technologies and ideas to China opened our eyes to the world.
5．with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
　[教材原句]　In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①He stood in the rain, with_his_clothes_wet.
他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。
②With_her_eyes_fixed_on the work attentively, she didn't know what was happening outside.
因?yàn)樗淖⒁饬Χ技性诠ぷ魃?，她不知道外面發(fā)生的事情。
③He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring_at_him.
全班同學(xué)都盯著他看，他感到更不自然了。
④With_machines_to_do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.
由于所有的工作都是由機(jī)器來(lái)完成，他們將很快收完莊稼。
⑤The child with_only_a_shirt_on was trembling with cold.
只穿著一件襯衫的那個(gè)孩子凍得直發(fā)抖。







　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表原因、條件、方式等。主要結(jié)構(gòu)如下：


[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·江蘇高考滿分作文)With the ratings gaining popularity, more and more people have turned to ratings for help in terms of consumption.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2016·江蘇高考滿分作文)With the rapid development of the Internet, online voting has become more and more popular.


Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)
1．They were marching (前進(jìn)) forward despite the heavy rain because they had to reach the destination before dark.
2．As is known to all, America declared (宣布) war on Japan in 1941.
3．Enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength gradually (逐漸地)．
4．With its natural resources, it is potentially a very wealthy (富有的) country.
5．Human facial expressions (表情) differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.
6．When his business in England failed, he tried to kill himself by taking poison (毒藥)．
7．I believe that people will be ready to take up their share of responsibility for environmental protection when they are aware (意識(shí)到的) of the dangers the earth is exposed to.
8．The audience (聽(tīng)眾) are listening carefully, and the professor feels a bit excited.
9．The new university held its opening ceremony (典禮) on Sept 3 to welcome its first freshmen.
10．As a learned scholar (學(xué)者), Mr.Li will deliver a speech about traditional Chinese culture.
11．They feel the listeners are like judges (法官) in an ice-skating competition.
12．He doesn't know what is waiting ahead (在前面) of him.
13．All these cultural (文化的) aspects are important to language learners if they want to get a better understanding of the language itself.
14．He was educated (教育) at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.
15．The company, founded (創(chuàng)辦) in 2014, moved its headquarters to the zone last year where it established a base and training center.
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
2．His confidence built up gradually (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
3．I think you're coming down with flu and you had better see a doctor.
4．With his hair cut, he looked much younger than his age.
5．The boiling water is so hot that I ought to pour the water into a cup to make it cold.
6．Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful.
7．The TV that he had had repaired broke down again.
8．So heavy was the earthquake that most of buildings were in ruins.
9．There are some problems remaining to_be_settled (settle)．
10．Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．She bought her husband a watch chain with the left 5 dollars.left→remaining
2．Judged from his look, he doesn't think much of our plan.Judged→Judging
3．Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.complains→complaints
4．Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income.found→founded
5．After a while, there was blood pour down her face.pour→pouring
6．Decorate the Christmas tree is usually a family event.Decorate→Decorating
7．Yesterday my sister's computer breaks down and she had it mended at once.
breaks→broke
8．Many refugees have been forced to flee to their homeland.去掉第二個(gè)to或第二個(gè)to→from
9．After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.
ruin→ruins
10．She aware of danger when her husband posted a lot of money to a stranger.aware前加was或became
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Tom's_refusing_to_accept_the_invitation upset me very much.
湯姆拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)讓我很生氣。
2．With_a_lot_of_work_to_do,_he wasn't allowed to go out.
因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做，他沒(méi)有被允許外出。
3．There_is_no_doubt_that your success has resulted from your hard work.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，你的成功來(lái)自于你的辛勤勞動(dòng)。
4．He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving_the_breakfast_untouched.
他起床晚了，匆忙去了他的辦公室，留下早餐沒(méi)有動(dòng)。
5．At the next table sat_a_pretty_girl_waiting_for_someone.
鄰桌旁坐著一個(gè)等人的漂亮女孩。
6．People hold dragon boat race on Dragon Boat Festival in_memory_of_Qu_Yuan.
人們?cè)诙宋绻?jié)舉行龍舟比賽是為了紀(jì)念屈原。



本單元語(yǔ)篇話題與新課程主題語(yǔ)境“人與自然”中的“消失的文明”子話題相對(duì)應(yīng)
一、話題語(yǔ)素積累多一點(diǎn)
子話題——消失的文明
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①bury　　?、赿iscovery　　　③protect　　?、躰atural
⑤ancient ⑥environment ⑦system ⑧culture
⑨research ⑩local ?museum ?disappear
?exhibit ?precious ?preservation ?period
?predict ?form ?sign ?customs
branch dynasty found
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①relic n．遺物，遺跡；廢墟 　?、趆eritage n．遺產(chǎn)
③recycle vt.回收；再循環(huán) ④symbol n．象征
⑤civilization n．文明 ⑥engineering n．工程
⑦expedition n．考察 ⑧substitute vt.取代
⑨item n．一件物品 ⑩sociologist n．社會(huì)學(xué)家
?diversity n．多樣化 ?foster vt.培養(yǎng)
?motivation n．動(dòng)力 ?abolish v．廢除
?archaeologist n．考古學(xué)家 ?historic adj.歷史上著名的
?prosperity n．繁榮；昌盛 ?project n．工程，計(jì)劃
?program n．節(jié)目；計(jì)劃；程序；課程
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①environmental protection　　　 　環(huán)境保護(hù)
②cultural relics 文化遺跡
③limited natural resources 有限的自然資源
④traditional values 傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀
⑤spiritual civilization 精神文明
⑥humane historical sites 人文歷史遺址
⑦a place of interest 名勝
⑧be located/situated in Beijing 位于北京市
⑨have a history of 1,000 years 有一千年的歷史
⑩cover an area of 60 square kilometers
占地面積為60平方公里
?have a large collection of artworks 大量的藝術(shù)品收藏
?date back to Qing Dynasty 追溯到清朝
?be kept in good condition 保存完好
(四)寫(xiě)作佳句背一背
①(2017·北京高考滿分作文)Mount Tai is the symbol of the Chinese nation. It was included in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in 1987.
②This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.
③At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the Lantern Displays would last three days.
二、話題書(shū)面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)

(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，你校攝影俱樂(lè)部(photography club)將舉辦國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影展。請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Peter寫(xiě)封信，請(qǐng)他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括：
1．主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)；
2．展覽時(shí)間；
3．投稿郵箱：intlphotoshow @gmschool. com.。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
　　　
[寫(xiě)作4步走]
第一步：句寫(xiě)對(duì)——給詞寫(xiě)句

hold, international, theme, show, environmental protection, arouse, ecological, consciousness, last, participate, visit, send　　
1．我們學(xué)校的攝影俱樂(lè)部將舉辦一場(chǎng)國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影展。
Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.
2．展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。
The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection.
3．它能夠喚起人們的生態(tài)意識(shí)。
It_can_arouse_people's_ecological_consciousness.
4．從6月15日開(kāi)始，為期三周。
It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.
5．歡迎任何人參加。
Any_one_is_welcome_to_participate.
6．我知道你一直都想為環(huán)保做些什么。
I_know_you_have_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.
7．我記得上次你來(lái)我們學(xué)校的時(shí)候。
I_remember_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.
8．你給我看過(guò)一些照片。
You_showed_me_some_photos.
9．這是一次好機(jī)會(huì)。
This_is_a_good_chance.
10．你可以把你的照片發(fā)到intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.。
You_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
第二步：量寫(xiě)夠——語(yǔ)句擴(kuò)充
11．在句5中加入定語(yǔ)從句“感興趣的”。
Any_one_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.
12．在句6中加入并列成分“你照片拍得很好”。
I_know_you_take_good_pictures_and_you've_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.
13．在句8中photos 后加入修飾語(yǔ)“關(guān)于那個(gè)主題的”。
You_showed_me_some_photos_on_that_theme.
14．在句9中加入狀語(yǔ)“無(wú)疑，一定”及定語(yǔ)“讓更多的人看到它們”。
This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.
15．在句10中加入狀語(yǔ)從句“如果你想加入”。
If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool._com.
第三步：語(yǔ)寫(xiě)美——詞句升格
16．用短語(yǔ) call_forth升格句3中的arouse，并用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句合并句2和句3。
The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection,_which_can_call_forth_people's_ecological_consciousness.
17．把句11改寫(xiě)成名詞性從句。
Whoever_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.
18．用the last time作連詞合并句7和句13。
I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_that_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.





第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
本文語(yǔ)句之間銜接自然，前后連貫，無(wú)須多加額外的連接詞。作為一封書(shū)信，可在開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾處加入常用語(yǔ)句“Is everything all right recently？” “Hope to hear from you soon.”
Dear_Peter，
Is_everything_all_right_recently?_Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection,_which_can_call_forth_people's_ecological_consciousness.It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.Whoever_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.I_know_you_take_good_pictures_and_you've_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_that_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
The ancient Loulan City ?is_located (locate) on the west bank of Lop Nur Lake in Xinjiang region.The city ?was_founded (found) in the 2nd century BC in an oasis (綠洲) on the Silk Road.But it became less powerful and strong after its 800 years of development, and ?disappeared_(消失) suddenly in the middle of the 6th century AD.At the beginning of last century, a Swedish explorer Sven Hedin ?_discovered (發(fā)現(xiàn)) the city ?buried (bury) in the desert, which attracted attention from all over the world.
The city has already totally turned into dust.But archaeologists (考古學(xué)家) believe there was a water tunnel running through the city and dividing it into two different ?functional (function) parts.Large numbers of potsherds (陶瓷碎片), wood pieces, coins, pieces of jewellery and wood slip documents ?provide (提供) us with plenty of information about the ?ancient (古老的) city.
Scientists studied the materials of the ?ruins (廢墟)of Loulan City and they believe that a large amount of forest was cut down at that time, which made Loulan City destroyed (destroy) by the sandstorms at last.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
during， protection， period， historic， valuable， ancient， traditional， site， beginning， show， be used as， known as， in good condition

Pingyao, in the center of Shanxi Province, is a famous ?historic cultural city of China and a world cultural heritage (遺產(chǎn)) ?site.It's 90 kilometers south of Taiyuan on the Fen River.
People lived in Pingyao during the New Stone Age.Its long ?period as a county government seat has left Pingyao with lots of historic buildings and sites.Ninety-nine of them are under government ?protection.
?During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, businessmen organized commercial (商業(yè)的) groups that did business nationwide.Shanxi Province had some of the most important ones and Pingyao was their center.In 1823, a store, ?known_as Rishengchang (Sunrise Prosperity), traded in bank checks rather than in silver or gold coins.It was the ?beginning of modern Chinese banking.
In Pingyao Ancient City are many ?traditional houses and commercial buildings, 3,797 of which are protected and more than 400 of which are ?_in_good_condition.Not only do the houses in Pingyao show Shanxi's history and culture, but this large number is valuable for studying its history, customs, ancient buildings and art.Most of these houses are_used_as_ homes and shops of local people nowadays.

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語(yǔ)法填空
1．(2017·江蘇高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains (remaining) an essential skill for our survival.
2．(2016·北京高考)Newly-built wooden (wood) cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
3．(2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
4．(2015·湖北高考)The girl used to be shy, but is gradually (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
5．(2015·陜西高考)To warm himself, the sailor (sail) sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
6．(2014·江西高考)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth (wealthy)．
7．(2014·浙江高考)People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying for expression (express)．
8．(2014·福建高考)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational (educate) background.

Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

pour, declare, march into, judge, explode, complain, audience, aware of　　
1．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to __54__.____________
2．(2015·福建高考)It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __47__ everything so harshly (刻薄)．____________
3．(2014·天津高考)Looking at her large empty apartment, I became __24__ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.____________
4．(2013·福建高考)We cannot go into the house, but I can still walk through the rooms in memory. Here, my mother sat in her bedroom window and wrote in her diary. I can still see the enthusiastic family __48__ into and out of the house. ____________
5．(2012·天津高考)I often hear people __32__ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining. ____________
6．(2011·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The professor__37__the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar contained.____________
7．(2010·山東高考)In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies announced that my class was next.My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the __42__.____________
8．(2010·遼寧高考)My aunt even goes so far as to __48__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the exact meaning of a word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition (定義) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.____________
答案：1.explode　2.judge　3.aware of　4.pouring
5．complain　6.marched into　7.audience　8.declare

二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：世界文化遺產(chǎn)的意義和價(jià)值，主要體現(xiàn)為獨(dú)特的創(chuàng)造性和對(duì)特定歷史時(shí)期文化的典型表現(xiàn)性。強(qiáng)調(diào)歷史文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)性、社會(huì)公益性和傳世性，已成為越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家的共識(shí)。延續(xù)歷史，傳承文化，切實(shí)保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)的真實(shí)性和完整性，始終是考查的熱點(diǎn)。


[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語(yǔ)篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加彩詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請(qǐng)揣摩其用法)
The ancient city of Chichen Itza in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures — the Maya.But today, no one lives there.It is only a group of old buildings.However, people from around the world still come to see it.People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.
The Mayan culture began almost 3,000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America.But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itza invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.They named the city Chichen Itza, which means “mouth of the well of the Itza”．The most interesting structure in Chichen Itza is the Pyramid of Kukulcan (庫(kù)庫(kù)爾坎金字塔)，whose four sides all come together at one point at the top.Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps.And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid.The steps are as many as the days of a year.Some researchers believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops.Each day the sun falls on a different step of the pyramid, which could be a way to follow the year.
The documents showed that the people of Chichen Itza especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets. Researchers say that the observatory (天文臺(tái)) is one of the most complex structures the Maya built.A set of steps go up and around the observatory tower.And there are windows in the tower.Each window has a purpose. Researchers believe that a person looking through one of these windows can see particular stars on particular dates.The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.
Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an important part of the world's history.Get interested? Then pay a visit to it to find more remains!
語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章對(duì)世界文化遺產(chǎn)之一的瑪雅文化遺址進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。
1．Visitors came to the city of Chichen Itza to ________.
A．view its beautiful scenery
B．experience and explore the Mayan culture
C．study and observe other stars on the observatory
D．learn something about when to plant crops
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.”可知，游客們來(lái)到Chichen Itza是為了體驗(yàn)和探索瑪雅文化。
2．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itza”？
A．Because wells can be seen in or around the city.
B．Because it is large in size.
C．Because the city is newly built.
D．Because its location is vital.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itza invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.”可知，入侵者之所以給它起這個(gè)名字，是因?yàn)檫@座城市到處可以看到天然井。所以選A項(xiàng)。
3．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.
B．To persuade readers to pay a visit.
C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichen Itza.
D．To present the development of the Mayan construction.
解析：選B　寫(xiě)作目的題。本文對(duì)瑪雅文化遺址進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹，并且根據(jù)最后一段可知作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是推薦讀者去瑪雅文化遺址參觀。所以選B項(xiàng)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，攻克寫(xiě)作目的題
寫(xiě)作目的題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作目的及作者運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解文章中的文字表述、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。
例如上文第3小題，本文先介紹世界各地的游客參觀瑪雅遺址，又介紹了它的古代文化和成就，最后一段推薦讀者去瑪雅文化遺址參觀，此時(shí)文章的寫(xiě)作目的也就一目了然了，是為了推薦讀者去瑪雅文化遺址參觀。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·合肥模擬)In the 1940s, with a wave of American soldiers' heading home from World War Ⅱ， the magazine Arts & Architecture hoped to drum up interest in a new form of mass housing that was inexpensive and easy to construct from exiting materials.The magazine approached designers and architects like Richard Neutra, Eero Saarinen, and Charles and Ray Eames to come up with plans for modern house, and the magazine would publish them.
The idea was that the blueprints would vary according to a family's individual needs.Charles and Ray Eames chose to design for their own situation — a working couple that needed a house and space for working, but had no children at home.The result was Case Study House No.8 in Pacific Palisades, Calif., where the Eameses made their home.
The family has stayed in the house and it is home to the Eames Office, which promotes the continuation of both Charles's and Ray's ideas.The outside of the house and studio has been open to self-guided tours for years.
Reservations: Reservations are required.Please call 310－459－9663 at least 48 hours in advance of your visit.
Visiting Hours：
Monday：10：00 am－4：00 pm
Tuesday：10：00 am－4：00 pm
Wednesday：CLOSED
Thursday：10：00 am－4：00 pm
Friday：10：00 am－4：00 pm
Saturday：10：00 am－4：00 pm
Sunday：CLOSED
Admission：$10; students and children are free.
Group Visits: group with 10＋visitors must make an appointment.Ideally the size of the group should be limited to 25 people.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：在20世紀(jì)40年代，伴隨著美國(guó)士兵從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的返家，《藝術(shù)&建筑》雜志希望使人們對(duì)廉價(jià)又容易建造的大眾住宅產(chǎn)生興趣。本文介紹了其中的一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。
1．Eames House was designed to meet________.
A．a(chǎn)n American soldier's needs
B．Charles and Ray Eames's needs
C．the needs of a non-working couple
D．the needs of a couple with children
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Charles and Ray Eames chose to design for their own situation ...had no children at home.”可知，Eames House是伊默斯夫婦針對(duì)自己的需求和情況設(shè)計(jì)的房子，故選B項(xiàng)。
2．Eames House is closed on __________.
A．Tuesday and Friday　　　 B．Monday and Sunday
C．Thursday and Saturday D．Wednesday and Sunday
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wednesday：CLOSED”“Sunday：CLOSED”可知，周三、周日Eames House不開(kāi)放，所以選D項(xiàng)。
3．How much would two adults and two kids need to pay to visit Eames House?
A．$10. B．$20.
C．$30. D．$40.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Admission：$10; students and children are free.”可知，孩子是免費(fèi)參觀的，只需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)兩張成人票。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
Over a hundred years ago in 1911, something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica.Crilffith Taylor — an Australian geologist, had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades (瀑布) of Talor Glacier! Popularly known as the Blood Falls, scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice — until recently.The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved.
When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red color came from a large amount of red algae (海藻) concentrated in the water.Red algae contain a pigment (色素) which reflects red light, making the algae appear red.
This theory made sense, until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all.What really causes Talor Glacier's waters appear blood red, is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid.The waters of the Blood Falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red — just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water.
This reasoning behind the red colors of the falls was found back in 2003.However, the entire mystery had not yet been solved.How is it then, that the Blood Falls are not frozen?
Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier, there is a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around.Salt water has a lower freezing temperature.In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat.Therefore, the brine actually warm itself up while it's freezing! How this works, is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze.As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat.This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier.
Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved!
語(yǔ)篇解讀：1911年，澳大利亞地質(zhì)學(xué)家在南極洲的冰川中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種奇怪景象——血瀑布。眾所周知，科學(xué)家一直無(wú)法找到血瀑布不結(jié)冰的原因。直到最近，血瀑布的秘密終于被揭開(kāi)了。水中富含鹽分和鐵，當(dāng)水接觸空氣時(shí)，就會(huì)像鐵銹一樣變紅，鹽分很高，導(dǎo)致它不結(jié)冰。
4．According to the text, the red algae theory was once considered ______.
A．ridiculous B．reasonable
C．impractical D．complex
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，這個(gè)理論一開(kāi)始被認(rèn)為是合理的，但后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)海藻對(duì)于流動(dòng)的紅色液體不起作用。make sense“有道理，有意義，講的通”，與reasonable同義。
5．Why do the Blood Falls look red in color?
A．Because there is too much salt and iron in the water.
B．Because the liquid is rich in red algae.
C．Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight.
D．Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，是因?yàn)樗懈缓}分和鐵，當(dāng)水接觸空氣時(shí)，就會(huì)像鐵銹一樣變紅。
6．What is the main reason for the Blood Falls' not freezing?
A．The water continued flowing constantly.
B．There is too much salt in the water.
C．The brine gives off heat while freezing.
D．Temperatures aren't high enough for flowing water.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知，從液態(tài)到冰態(tài)變化時(shí)，水放出熱量。這種熱量足以使其余的鹽水保持液態(tài)，這就是不結(jié)冰的原因。
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The discovery of the blood glacier.
B．The birth of the Talor Glacier.
C．The flowing red water in Antarctica.
D．The mystery of the Blood Falls.
解析：選D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，1911年澳大利亞地質(zhì)學(xué)家在南極洲的冰川中發(fā)現(xiàn)了血瀑布。眾所周知，科學(xué)家一直無(wú)法找到血瀑布不結(jié)冰的原因。直到最近，血瀑布的秘密終于被揭開(kāi)了。分析選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。
C
(2019·江西七校聯(lián)考)In the basement of a 27-storey landmark tower in Stockholm, Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.He is the chief executive of Plantagon, a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital.
He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming, which has become increasingly fashionable in recent years.Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming.
Plantagon's early promises reflect this new optimism.Petterson calls the farm's approach “agritechture” — the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture, hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat.
The_term may be new, but the concept isn't.Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics (growing plants without soil) and aeroponics (in which plants are grown in air over containers)．Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil.
Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil.Water for the plants is measured precisely.It will also dehumidify (除濕) the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero waste.Compared with conventional agriculture, it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops.
Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms, which have to create artificial sunlight.Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years, plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced.This leads to a great waste of energy, most of which disappears as heat.The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building's air conditioners.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：在斯德哥爾摩一座地標(biāo)性的27層塔樓的地下室里，佩特森希望播下室內(nèi)都市農(nóng)業(yè)革命的種子。他將在瑞典首都的一座辦公大樓的地下室開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工作。
8．What does Petterson plan to do in the basement?
A．Grow crops.
B．Do operations.
C．Open a seed company.
D．Give lectures about farming.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“... Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知，他要在地下室內(nèi)種植植物，所以選A項(xiàng)。
9．What does the underlined phrase “The term” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Aeroponics. B．Hydroponics.
C．Monoculture. D．Agritechture.
解析：選D　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Petterson calls the farm's approach ‘a(chǎn)gritechture’ — the combination of agriculture, technology and architecture, hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat.”可知，此處的“The term”指的就是“agritechture”。
10．What do the basement farm do with energy waste?
A．Produce oxygen. B．Run air conditioners.
C．Heat offices. D．Create artificial sunlight.
解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.”可知，地下室農(nóng)場(chǎng)將收集約70%的廢熱，并將其注入辦公大樓上方的供暖系統(tǒng)，所以選C項(xiàng)。
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．A farming revolution.
B．Petterson's achievement.
C．A water-saving farming project.
D．An environment-friendly system.
解析：選A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主題句“...Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知，本文主要介紹的是一場(chǎng)“農(nóng)業(yè)革命”。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Long before the Internet, and even before the telephone, people relied on pen and paper to communicate.It's a lot different from writing an email because when you make a mistake, you cannot “backspace” your errors away.__1__
Letter writing has been a key means of communication for people throughout history.__2__ Famous names like Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci graced my history textbooks growing up, with stories of their explorations.Much of what we know about them is through the letters they wrote to people back in Europe.
There were two main reasons why these early explorers wrote letters.__3__ The other reason for writing letters was to assure and update the people who financed their trips.These so-called sponsors were often noblemen or wealthy people who had a personal interest in world discoveries.Letters from explorers would raise hopes that new lands could bring more riches.
When the British began building colonies (殖民地) in America during the 17th century, these lands were settled by people who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean.__4__ Their letters were mixed with news of illness as well as details of their exotic (異國(guó)的) surroundings.
__5__ With the widespread use of the Internet, the tiny differences of a person's handwriting are lost to the cold, typewritten text that comes with an email.A person's unique signature is reserved for signing a receipt for a credit card payment.Will letter writing disappear one day?
A．Letter writing is just how you travel around the world.
B．You simply cross out your mistakes with your pen and continue writing.
C．The early settlers faced a lot of challenges in the unfamiliar environment.
D．One was a boy from England who liked the same music as me: rock and roll.
E．Four hundred years later, however, we don't really need to write letters anymore.
F．It played a vital part in the exploration of the “New World”， as America was once known.
G．One was to document for the people back home what they saw as they journeyed through the faraway, mysterious land.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：寫(xiě)信是歷史上人們交流的重要手段，但是隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，信件使用的越來(lái)越少了，寫(xiě)信這種文化有一天會(huì)消失嗎？
1．解析：選B　上文提到寫(xiě)信和寫(xiě)郵件時(shí)出錯(cuò)的不同做法。前面提到的是寫(xiě)郵件，由此可知，空處所填的句子應(yīng)該是寫(xiě)信時(shí)的做法，B項(xiàng)可承接上文。
2．解析：選F　根據(jù)下文提到的兩個(gè)人“Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci”都是探險(xiǎn)家可知，空處內(nèi)容與探險(xiǎn)有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“exploration”是空后“explorations”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。F項(xiàng)引出下文的內(nèi)容。
3．解析：選G　上文提到“There were two main reasons ...”，下文提到“The other reason for writing letters was to ...”。由此可知，此處為one ...，the other ...結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選G項(xiàng)。
4．解析：選C　根據(jù)上文提到的“these lands were settled by people who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean”可知，這些最早的殖民者在陌生環(huán)境中面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)，所以選C項(xiàng)。
5．解析：選E　根據(jù)下文的“With the widespread use of the Internet ...”可知，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，人們已經(jīng)不需要寫(xiě)信了，所以選E項(xiàng)。


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