2020版高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí)譯林版講義：必修2Unit1Talesoftheunexplained-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained

一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．creature n．動物；(具備某種特征的)人
2．flash n．&vi. 閃光，閃耀
3．detective n. 偵探
4．a(chǎn)ncestor n. 祖先，祖宗
5．enthusiastic adj. 熱情的；熱烈的；滿腔熱忱的
6．a(chǎn)ppropriate adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 7．blank n. (文件等)空白處，空格
adj. 空白的；無表情的
8．tournament n. 聯(lián)賽，錦標(biāo)賽
9．mystery n. 神秘的事或人
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．due adj. 由于，因?yàn)?；預(yù)期的；適當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 2．disappear vi. 消失；失蹤
3．witness n. 目擊者，證人
vt. 目擊，見證
4．a(chǎn)ssume vt. 假定；認(rèn)為
5．occur vi. 發(fā)生
6.aboard adv. & prep.　　在(輪船、飛機(jī)、火車等)上；
上(輪船、飛機(jī)、火車等)
7．case n. 案件；具體情況，實(shí)例
8．evidence n. 證據(jù)
9．dismiss vt. 不予考慮；解雇；解散
10．base n. 基地，大本營；底部；基礎(chǔ)
vt. 以……為基礎(chǔ)
11．humour n. 幽默
12．discount n. 折扣
13．a(chǎn)ward n. 獎，獎品，獎金
vt. 授予，獎勵
14. attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻擊；進(jìn)攻
15．reserve n. (動植物)保護(hù)區(qū)；儲備
vt. 預(yù)訂；保留；儲備
16．belong vi. 應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)
17．link vt.& n. 聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)
18．incident n. 發(fā)生的事情(尤指不尋常的或
討厭的)
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2．a(chǎn)mazing adj.令人驚奇(驚嘆)的→amazed adj.吃驚的，感到驚奇的→amaze vt.使驚異/驚奇→amazement n．驚異，驚奇
3．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使為難→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
4．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
5．injury n．傷害→injure v．傷害→injured adj.受傷的
6．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在→existing adj.目前的；現(xiàn)存的
7．organize vt.組織，籌備；安排，處理→organization n．組織；安排→organizer n．組織者
8．strength n．力量，力氣；優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處→strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)，鞏固→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的，有力的
9．convince vt.使確信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.確信的，感到信服的
10．survive vi. & vt.生存；挺過(難關(guān))→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
[語境活用]
1．The present situation here is puzzling, and we are all puzzled about what will happen in the days to come.(puzzle)
2．Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident yesterday, so he can't go on with his work until he recovers from the injury.(injure)
3．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)
4．Luckily, the boy survived the terrible car crash last week and he was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
5．The construction of the pyramids is a wonder and many early history scholars tried to study them, telling how the construction was constructed.(construct)
6．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eight-year-old child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.(amaze)
7．To make yourself strong or increase your strength, you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.step up　加緊，加強(qiáng)，促進(jìn)
2．due to 由于，因?yàn)?br /> 3．show up 出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)身
4．take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管
5．make up 編造，杜撰；構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)
6．look into 調(diào)查；朝……里看
7．dozens of 許多，很多
8．belong to 屬于；是……的成員
9．make one's way to 前往，到……去
10．carry out 實(shí)施；完成；執(zhí)行
11．run into 偶遇，無意中碰見
12．leave out 遺漏；省去；不考慮
13．believe in 信任
14．be enthusiastic about 對……熱心的/熱情的
15．be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
16．pick up 拾起；(偶然)學(xué)會；接收；用車接
1.Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due to the storm.
2．She did not believe me and told me not to make up stories.
3．To achieve the increase in orders, the factory has to step up production.
4．You never know when Tracy is coming: she just shows up when she feels like it.
5．Your complaint is being looked into; when we have anything to report we will write to you again.
6．Originally belonging to Mr.Smith, the house and surrounding farmland were seized in 1889.
7．When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane, I asked Uncle George for help.
8．People are wondering which of the five sons can take charge of the company if their father, the general manager now, retires.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目擊者也說，當(dāng)晚10點(diǎn)45分他們看到賈斯廷往自己家的方向走去。
“感官動詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2016·四川高考滿分作文)在春天，我們總是能看到孩子們在野外放風(fēng)箏。
In spring, we can always find some children flying kites in the field.
2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飛船)里面站著許多白皮膚、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：v.-ing短語＋be＋主語(主語較長)。
(2016·北京高考寫作佳句)許多老人和孩子正站在街道兩旁。
Standing on both sides of the street are many old people and children.
3.The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
據(jù)說，野人體格高大多毛，像人類一樣用雙腳行走。
Sb./Sth. be said to do“據(jù)說……”，可轉(zhuǎn)換為It＋be＋said that ...。
(2017·全國卷Ⅲ滿分作文)據(jù)說一些世界著名的隊(duì)員將被邀請來講課。
Some famous players from the world are said to be invited to give lessons.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
用puzzle的適當(dāng)形式完成小片段
①Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.
完成句子
②I was totally puzzled what to do next.
我完全不知道下一步該干什么。
③Elizabeth raised some questions to express her puzzle about grammar.
伊麗莎白提出了一些問題表達(dá)了自己對語法的困惑。
④Some people are puzzled about the fact that he is still single.
一些人對他仍然單身感到困惑。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be puzzled about　　　　　對……感到困惑
be puzzled＋疑問詞＋to do 對做……感到困惑
(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑
n. 難題；謎
puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想
be a puzzle to sb. 對某人來說是個(gè)謎
(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤Her puzzling look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.puzzling→puzzled
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))如果你不了解這些詩歌的寫作背景，你可能會對它們的含義感到很困惑。
You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these poems.

[名師指津]　puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等狀態(tài)類過去分詞就是形容詞，用來修飾說明人時(shí)，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
2．witness n．[C]目擊者，證人 vt.目擊，見證
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses (witness) to the knife attack.
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
③Luckily, several people volunteered to witness for my father.
④Mary witnessed to having seen (see)the man near the scene of the crime.
翻譯句子
⑤He is said to be a key witness in this case.
據(jù)說他是這起案件中的一名關(guān)鍵證人。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)a witness to sth.　　　　某事的證人/證明
give witness to sth. 為……作證；證明
(2) witness to (doing) sth. 證明(做)某事
witness for 為……作證
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥As one of the most popular teachers in our school life, you are more than welcome to witness to the wonderful occasion.去掉witness后的to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))過去的十年，已經(jīng)見證了校長們付出的努力以及在發(fā)展體育事業(yè)方面取得的成就。
The past ten years has witnessed the efforts of our headmasters and their achievements of developing sports business.
[名師指津]　see, witness, find等一些動詞，可以用地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語，表示某地或某時(shí)“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”了某事，這是一種擬人修辭法。
3．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定；認(rèn)為
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①I don't think there's enough information to make an assumption (assume)．We just don't know what happened to her.
②We must assume him to be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
③It is assumed that women are normally more sensitive than men.
④People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don't.
⑤Assuming (assume) that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)assume sb./sth.to be　　　假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為
It is assumed that ... 人們認(rèn)為……
assume that ... 設(shè)想/認(rèn)為……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假設(shè)
make an assumption 認(rèn)為；假定
(3)assuming (that) ... 假設(shè)/假定……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
⑥The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2017·全國Ⅲ卷書面表達(dá))If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com.(用assume進(jìn)行句式升級)
→Assuming you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com.
[名師指津]　表示“假設(shè)，如果”的表達(dá)法有：
if＝
4．occur vi.發(fā)生；想到；出現(xiàn)
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子
①Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she didn't know how to speak it out.
她突然想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她不知道如何說出來。
②It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我從沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。

③It never occurred to her to ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.
當(dāng)她遇到困難時(shí)從未想過求助別人。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
sth. occur(s) to sb.　　　　　　　某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④A brilliant idea was occurred to me when I woke up this morning.去掉was
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))此外，我突然想起我應(yīng)該告訴你，你需避免因咀嚼而發(fā)出聲音。
Besides, it occurred to me that I should tell you that you need to avoid making noise while chewing food.
[名師指津]　“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表達(dá)為：
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
5．exist vi.存在；生存
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．
②Some strange ideas existed in his mind.
③There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so the judgment was not announced in court.
完成句子
④The man existed on bread and water for over five months.
這個(gè)人依靠面包和水生活了五個(gè)多月。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)exist in　　　　　　　存在于
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s) ... 有……
(2)existence n. 存在
come into existence 成立；開始存在
(3)existing adj. 目前的；現(xiàn)存的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤There is existing a good way to solve the existing problem at present.is existing→exists
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2014·北京高考書面表達(dá))在我們學(xué)校，自行車的存放地有一個(gè)問題。
There existed a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.
[名師指津]　exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
6．a(chǎn)ward n．獎，獎品，獎金 vt.授予，獎勵
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
完成句子/一句多譯
①在她的職業(yè)生涯中，瑪麗贏得了許多獎項(xiàng)。
In her career, Mary won many awards.
②那位老科學(xué)家因?qū)业呢暙I(xiàn)而被獎勵。
The old scientist was awarded for his contributions to his country.
因?yàn)樽龊檬?，主席給她頒發(fā)了金牌。
③The chairman awarded her the gold medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded the gold medal to her for her good deeds.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)award sb. for sth.　　　　　因?yàn)槟呈露剟钅橙?br /> award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 給予/授予/判給某人某物
be awarded ... for ... 因……而被獎勵……
(2)win awards/receive one's awards　獲獎/接受頒獎
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤After the competition, the chief judge awarded the cup with the winner.with→to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))了解到你在機(jī)器人競賽中贏得了很多獎項(xiàng)，我相信你的參與將會讓我們受益匪淺。
Learning that you have won many awards in robotics competition, I believe your participation will benefit us a lot.

7．strength n．[U]力量，力氣；[C]長處，優(yōu)勢
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
②Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength (strong)．
完成句子
③The patient was too weak to have the strength to stand up (有站起來的力量)．
④To beat the other teams, you have to know their strengths and weaknesses (優(yōu)勢和劣勢)．
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)strengths and weaknesses　　　　　優(yōu)勢和劣勢
build up one's strength/body 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力氣
with all one's strength 竭盡全力
(2)strengthen v. 加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
⑤It is very alcoholic, sometimes near the strength of port.濃度
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))至于我，我非常迷戀籃球，因?yàn)樗恢苯o我力量面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。
As for me, I'm crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenge in my life.
8．convince vt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.
②You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.
③It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to go (go) to school again.
④The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.

　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)convince sb. of sth.　　　　使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 確信的，深信的
be convinced of ... 確信……；相信……
be convinced that ... 確信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有說服力的
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough convinced evidence.convinced→convincing
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑥(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我代表我們學(xué)生會希望你們都能來，而且我確信你們通過這部影片將會更好地了解學(xué)校的歷史。
I, on behalf of the Students' Union, expect all of you to come and I am convinced that you will know the school's history better by the film.
9．survive vi.生存；幸免；幸存；生還 vt.比……活得長；幸免于；挺過(難關(guān))
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.
②Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
③If cancers are spotted early there's a high chance of survival (survive)．
翻譯句子
④據(jù)說這位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
It's said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years.
⑤大多數(shù)人沒有幸免于此，是我的隊(duì)友救了我。
Most people didn't survive this and it is my teammate who saved my life.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)survive sth. 　　　　　幸免于；從……中挺/活過來
survive from 從……存活下來；流傳下來
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得長(幾年)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]殘存物
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
⑥In order to survive the competition our company should make changes.挺過(難關(guān))
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑦(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))剪紙的傳統(tǒng)，特別是在春節(jié)期間，在中國已經(jīng)流傳了數(shù)千年。
The tradition of paper-cutting, especially during Spring Festival, has survived in China for thousands of years.

1．show up 出現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)身；露面
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
show sb. around/round　　　　領(lǐng)某人參觀
show sb. in/out 領(lǐng)某人進(jìn)來/出去
show off 炫耀，賣弄；展示
on show 展覽，陳列
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(完成句子)
①Sometimes very old things show up in ordinary places.
有時(shí)候，非常古老的東西會出現(xiàn)在平常的地方。
②The boss is showing us around/round his factory.
老板正領(lǐng)著我們參觀他的工廠。
③Taking photos of food enables people to show off and share their mealtime moments.
對食物拍照可以讓人們能夠炫耀和分享他們的進(jìn)餐時(shí)刻。
④Her main job is showing guests in and out.
她的主要工作是領(lǐng)客進(jìn)出。
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤(2017·浙江高考書面表達(dá))我計(jì)劃本周末組織一次郊游，如果你能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到場，我會很高興的。
I plan to organize an outing this weekend and I would be very pleased if you can show up on time.

2．make up編造，杜撰；構(gòu)成，組成；彌補(bǔ)；化妝；和好；整理
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
寫出下列句中make up的含義
①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.組成，構(gòu)成
②They'll do all they can to make up for the economic losses.彌補(bǔ)
③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妝
④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.編造
⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
make up for 　　　　　　　彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償
be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of
由……組成/構(gòu)成
make out 辨認(rèn)出；理解，明白
make way for 為……讓路
make it 成功
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(用make短語完成下面語段)
Our plant ⑦is made up of fifty women workers.Some of them like ⑧making up so much that they are often late for work.When questioned by the boss, they usually ⑨make up some excuses for it.What's worse, sometimes some didn't ⑩make way for the new workers unless they were given red packets.Even if the boss came in, he couldn't ?make out what was happening.However, all the workers hold the belief that as long as you work hard you'll ?make it one day.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
?(2018·浙江高考書面表達(dá))做一名志愿者也是我提高英語口語和彌補(bǔ)缺點(diǎn)的好機(jī)會。
Being a volunteer is also a good opportunity for me to improve my spoken English and make up for my disadvantages.
3．belong to 屬于，是……的成員
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①Please take fewer belongings (belong) next time. There is little room left in our car.
②She tells her students that the future belongs to the well-educated.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)belong to表示“是……的財(cái)產(chǎn)；是……的組成部分；是……的成員(屬于)”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
(2)belongings n．　　　　財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有物；相關(guān)事物
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
③Chances are belonged to the well-prepared persons.are belonged→belong
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))北京大學(xué)有著悠久的歷史和深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)，屬于中國一流大學(xué)之一。
Peking University has a long history and deep cultural deposits, belonging to one of the top universities in China.
[名師指津]　belong to不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但是它的現(xiàn)在分詞形式可以作后置定語。
He took the book belonging to me by mistake.
他誤拿了屬于我的那本書。
4．完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
　[教材原句]　Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在沙土之中。
②Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.
出席晚會的有格林先生，還有許多其他的賓客。
③Out rushed a cat from under the bed.
從床底下跑出一只貓。
④Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year.
年終頒獎典禮終于來臨了。
⑤Once upon a time there lived a doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
從前有個(gè)名醫(yī)叫華佗。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
(1))當(dāng)表語是分詞、副詞、形容詞、介詞短語，而主語比較長且主語是名詞時(shí)，為了保持平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語，常把表語放在句首，引起句子完全倒裝。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“分詞/副詞/形容詞/介詞短語＋be＋主語”。

(2))表示處所、方位等的副詞或介詞，如 here， there， now， then， up， down， in， out， off 等放在句首，而主語是名詞，且謂語動詞是 be， lie， sit， stand， come， go， exist， live， rush等不及物動詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。
(3))there be句型也屬于一種完全倒裝句。該句型中的be可以替換成表示“存在”的動詞，如live， exist， lie， stand， seem， rise， remain， happen， come， go等。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“there＋存在類動詞＋主語”。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·全國卷Ⅱ?qū)懽骷丫?Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster, teachers, students and some of the students' parents.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2017·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文)And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance.
5．be said to do ... 據(jù)說……
　[教材原句]　The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①Green is said to be the most restful color.
＝It is said that green is the most restful color.
據(jù)說綠色是最寧靜的顏色。
②It is reported that many a new house has been built in the disaster area.
＝Many a new house is reported to have been built in the disaster area.
據(jù)報(bào)道，災(zāi)區(qū)已經(jīng)建設(shè)了許多新房。
③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
＝Carbon dioxide is said to be heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
據(jù)說二氧化碳正以先前所擔(dān)憂的兩倍的速度加熱著地球。
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
(1))Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.意為“據(jù)說……”。其中，不定式根據(jù)情況可用一般式(to do)、進(jìn)行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)：,Sb./Sth.＋ be＋過去分詞＋

(2))用于本句型的動詞還有 think， believe， expect， report， consider， suppose等。
(3)Sb./Sth. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth.,＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ...,據(jù)說……/大家認(rèn)為……/人們相信……/據(jù)報(bào)道……/大家普遍認(rèn)為……/據(jù)推測……

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China.
＝It is believed that arriving at your friend's home early is polite in China.
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2017·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文)It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.＝Our country is reported to hold a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．Lhakpa joined an expedition of five women in 2000 who convinced (勸說) the government to give them a permit.
2．Let us assume (假定) that people may live to 150 in the future.
3．The crash occurred (發(fā)生) when the crew shut down the wrong engine.
4．Though there are no other witnesses (目擊者), Lucy insists she saw a man in the yard that night.
5．The expression is probably based (以……為基礎(chǔ)) on church customs.
6．His ancestors (祖先) had come to America from Ireland.
7．He was dismissed (解雇) from his job for breaking the company safety regulations.
8．I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.
9．Like her mother, Irene was awarded (授予) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935.
10．His clothes were not appropriate (適當(dāng)?shù)? for a job interview, so it is not surprising that he did not get the job.
11．Dominic's train was due (預(yù)期的) in at five and he'd asked for a lift back from the station.
12．Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount (折扣) and a free delivery.
13．So far, he has collected enough evidence (證據(jù)) of the wild man's existence.
14．In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humour (幽默) can be helpful.
15．In some cases (情況), manufacturers promote them as cancer fighters and heart protectors.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
2．Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
3．David's strength (strong) is that he won't give up whatever difficulty he meets with.
4．The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.
5．The driver of the truck suffered only minor injuries (injure) to his legs and arms.
6．The forecast said that there's a possibility (possible) of snow tonight.
7．Einstein's colleagues convinced him to write (write) to President Franklin about building a nuclear weapon.
8．We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up.
9．The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence (exist)．
10．The teacher awarded Tom for his good behavior.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．Assumed that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.Assumed→Assuming
2．To play such puzzled games can increase the intellectual level of children.puzzled→puzzling
3．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen
4．That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.第一個(gè)That→It
5．You should give some evidence to make yourself convincing.convincing→convinced
6．He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by
7．The woman awarded D|S100 with the boy for saving her son.with→to
8．You are often reminded that chances are belong to the young men.去掉第二個(gè)are
9．Taxies are expensive and riding the subway requires dozen of steep steps to get below the ground.dozen→dozens
10．Among the crises that face humans is there the lack of natural resources.去掉there
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．There exist many differences in higher education between China and America.
中國和美國的高等教育有很多不同之處。
2．In order to help the students understand better, the teacher made up an interesting story.
為了幫助學(xué)生們更好地理解，老師編了一個(gè)有趣的故事。
3．At the school gate sat an old woman, waiting to see her grandson.
一個(gè)老太太坐在校門口，等著看她的孫子。
4．Do call your parents when you get to Peking University.
你到北京大學(xué)后務(wù)必給你的父母打電話。
5．It occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
我突然想起來我把傘忘在樓上了。

本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與自然”中的“難解之謎”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)
子話題——難解之謎
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①discover　 ?、趇nteresting　　③science　?、躸nderstand
⑤discovery ⑥environment ⑦theory ⑧explore
⑨unbelievable ⑩mystery ?scientist ?microscope
?amazed ?luckily ?helpful ?species
?dream ?reality ?curiosity ?strange
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①frighten vt.使驚嚇；害怕　　 ②scenery n．風(fēng)景；景色
③religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 ④phenomenon n．現(xiàn)象，事件
⑤technology n．科技 ⑥form v．形成，構(gòu)成
⑦origin n．起源 ⑧emerge vi.出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)
⑨fascinated adj.著迷的 ⑩microbe n．微生物
?trail n．足跡 ?expedition n．考察
?existence n．存在 ?reflect v．反映；反射
?crash n．撞碎；墜毀 vi.墜落
?rewarding adj.有益的，值得的；有報(bào)酬的
?material n．材料，原料 adj.物質(zhì)的
?concept n．觀念，概念；觀點(diǎn)；思想
?incredible adj.不可思議的，難以置信的
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①popular science books 科普讀物
②arouse one's curiosity about 引起對……的好奇心
③explore science 探索科學(xué)
④draw one's attention to 引起人們的注意
⑤in a scientific way 用科學(xué)的方式
⑥look like 看起來像
⑦contribute to 導(dǎo)致；促使
⑧take photos 拍照
⑨in reality 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上
⑩have something in common 有共同點(diǎn)
?to one's surprise 令某人吃驚的是
?account for 解釋；導(dǎo)致
?seek for 尋找
?pay attention to 注意
?be curious about 對……好奇
?lose sight of 看不見
(四)寫作佳句背一背
①What is obvious to everyone is that the child has a great curiosity to unknown things.
②Some of the reports about UFOs are difficult to believe.
③It is the scientists who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.
二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)

(2015·天津高考)假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)學(xué)生會主席李津，你校擬向美國友好交流學(xué)校的中文班捐贈一批圖書。請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一封郵件與中文班班長Chris聯(lián)系，并告知將于今年七月赴對方學(xué)校參加夏令營時(shí)帶去贈書。
(1)自我介紹；
(2)擬捐贈圖書的類型、冊數(shù)、用途等；
(3)詢問對方的其他需求。
注意：(1)詞數(shù)不少于100；
(2)請適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實(shí)、行文連貫。
參考詞匯：學(xué)生會 the Student Union
Dear Chris，
　

　
Yours，
Li Jin
[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句

president, donated books, take part in, the summer camp, excited, bring along, popular science books, interesting, understand, arouse one's curiosity, explore　　
1．我是李津，晨光中學(xué)學(xué)生會主席。
I am Li Jin, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.
2．現(xiàn)在我寫郵件告訴你一些關(guān)于我們捐贈的圖書的事情。
Now I am writing an e-mail to tell you something about our donated books.
3．今年七月我們將去參加你們學(xué)校的夏令營。
We will go to take part in the summer camp in your school this July.
4．這讓我們非常激動。
This makes us very excited.
5．我們將帶來大約五百本書。
We are going to bring along about five hundred books with us.
6．大部分是科普讀物。
Most are popular science books.
7．它們非常有趣，能幫助我們更好地理解科學(xué)，激發(fā)我們的好奇心。
They are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity.
8．有些書是為那些學(xué)習(xí)漢語的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。
Some books are for students who are learning Chinese.
9．這些捐贈的書會讓你們對探索科學(xué)更感興趣。
These donated books will make you more interested in exploring science.
10．如果你需要其他種類的書，請告訴我。
If you need any other kind of books, please tell me.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
11．把句3中的“你們學(xué)校的”改寫為過去分詞短語“你校舉辦的”作camp的后置定語。
We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July.
12．在句5中加入目的狀語“為你們班”。
We are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.
13．在句6中加入定語從句“我們提供的”。
Most that we provide are popular science books.
14．把句7中的“激發(fā)我們的好奇心”擴(kuò)寫為“激發(fā)我們對科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的好奇心”。
They are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
15．在句8中加入修飾語“專門的”“作為一門外語”。
Some books are intended for students who are learning Chinese as a foreign language.
16．在句9中加入并列謂語“有助于提高你們的中文水平”。
These donated books will make you more interested in exploring science and help enhance your Chinese.

第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
17．用非限制性定語從句合并句11和句4。
We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which makes us very excited.
18．用主語從句改寫句13并和句14合并為一個(gè)含有非限制性定語從句的復(fù)合句。
What we provide most are popular science books, which are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.
19．用not only ...but also ...升級句16，并在句首加入I believe將句子改寫成主從復(fù)合句。
I believe these donated books will not only make you more interested in exploring science but also help enhance your Chinese.
20．用do強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞來升級句10。
If you need any other kind of books, please do tell me.
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
加入書信常用開頭“How is everything going？”并用銜接詞first， at the same time， besides， by the way等連句成文
Dear Chris，
How is everything going? I am Li Jin, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.Now I am writing an e-mail to tell you something about our donated books.
First, we will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which makes us very excited.At the same time, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.What we provide most are popular science books, which are very interesting and can help us understand science better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.Besides, some books are intended for students who are learning Chinese as a foreign language.I believe these donated books will not only make you more interested in exploring science but also help enhance your Chinese.
By the way, if you need any other kind of books, please do tell me.
Yours，
Li Jin

Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible ?discovery (discover)．Antoni was an amateur ?scientist (science) from Holland, so ?fascinated (著迷的) by ?microscopes (顯微鏡) that he'd built some of his own.One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog drew his attention to a puddle (水坑)．Antoni collected a drop of puddle water and put it under his microscope.He was ?amazed (amaze) to see a whole community of ?creatures (生物) swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.These tiny beings, called ?microbes (微生物), are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table.You even would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion! Microbes can't ?survive (存活下來) on their own.They need food.After settling into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins.Some microbes can make you sick.People usually call these ones germs.?Luckily (lucky) for you, there are more helpful (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
hard， reality， mystery， species， unknown， dream of， helicopter， amazing， discover， unusual， expedition
For many years, Bruce Bexler ?dreamed_of going where no human had gone before.He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and ?discover rare, exotic species.That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a ?reality.In December 2015, he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea by ?helicopter. “Once we were on the ground, there were no trails anywhere; it was really ?hard to get around，” Bexler says.
Within minutes of landing, the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck.The scientists soon determined that the ?unusual creature was a type of honeyeater — the first new bird ?species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years.They discovered more than 40 previously ?unknown plant and animal species. “We were like kids in a candy store，” Bexler recalls.“Everywhere we looked, we saw ?amazing things we had never seen before.” The newfound species didn't shy away from the scientists.Bexler thinks the animals weren't scared because they had never seen humans before.Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely.They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. “We just scratched the surface，” Bexler says. “Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.”

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·江蘇高考)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made.
2．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
3．(2017·江蘇高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
4．(2017·江蘇高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction (construct)．
5．(2017·江蘇高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．
6．(2017·江蘇高考)The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.
7．(2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
8．(2015·四川高考)Little Tom sat amazed (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
9．(2014·江西高考)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince (convinced) me.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

puzzle, make up for, incident, explain, humor, belong to, convince, occur, possible, enthusiastic, amazing, witness, laughter　　
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar.
2．(2018·浙江高考)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much time？
3．(2016·四川高考)They listened with great interest, and then 47 joined in grand conversations about Harry's adventures.
4．(2015·湖南高考)Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was shaking inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: 'Put your heads on the desks and close your eyes! We are going on a journey.' 40 ， the children fell silent.
5．(2015·天津高考)“Sold！” said the owner. Then he 31 ： He'd seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we'd appreciate the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there.
6．(2014·重慶高考)Your best defense is a sense of 31 . If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner”．
7．(2013·福建高考)Suddenly, I long to walk again in the house where I was once so gloriously a child. It still 45 a member of the family, but has not been lived in for a while.
8．(2012·浙江高考)Impressed by its beauty, Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner.Oscar 28 the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.
9．(2012·福建高考)I'm left 36 . Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other races？
10．(2011·浙江高考)Two years ago, I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to 25 my disability pension (殘疾撫恤金)．
11．(2010·福建高考)Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 53 ， but, in the end, the joke is on me.Every laugh is a culture lost; every laugh is my heritage (傳統(tǒng)) fading away.
12．(2009·浙江高考)That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 .Gently, I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult feelings that day's discoveries had inspired.
13．(2009·湖南高考)Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, “Look！Johnny has two left feet！” 43 burst from the crowd.Johnny broke away and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.
答案：1.occurred　2.possible　3.enthusiastically 4．Amazingly　5.explained　6.humor　7.belongs to 8．convinced　9.puzzled　10.make up for　11.incident 12．witnessed　13.Laughter
二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：“難解之謎”主要指人類尚未探明的未知世界，該話題主要涉及歷史古跡、自然奇觀、未知科技等領(lǐng)域，常結(jié)合青少年的好奇心、求知欲及探索精神來命題。考查語篇多為學(xué)生并不熟悉的題材，閱讀難度偏大。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加彩詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請揣摩其用法)
(2015·四川高考)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock 'n' roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, 'Why don't they just try rolling the things？'”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。古埃及人如何搬運(yùn)巨石建造金字塔一直是一個(gè)謎，不過一項(xiàng)新研究表明，他們有可能是通過在巨石四周捆綁木棒，使其滾動運(yùn)行這一更加省力的辦法來搬運(yùn)巨石的。
46．It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .
A．rolling them on roads
B．pushing them over the sand
C．sliding them on smooth paths
D．dragging them on some poles
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.”可知，人們普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)是埃及人是在光滑的道路上滑動石塊的，故選C項(xiàng)。
47．The underlined part “l(fā)ubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means .
A．made the paths wet
B．made the paths hard
C．made the paths wide
D．made the paths slippery
解析：選D　詞義猜測題。由該詞組所在句子的后半部分“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可推知，他們使用濕的黏土或牛的脂肪使道路變得光滑，這樣才能更輕松地移動石塊。
48．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D．Rolling the blocks with fat.
解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“So he tried it.”中的So一詞可判斷，it指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在第六段。由文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ... make a block of stone 'a lot easier to roll than a square'．”可知，物理學(xué)家West提出，在石塊四周捆綁上木棒可以使石塊更容易滾動。因此他對這種方法進(jìn)行了嘗試，故選A項(xiàng)。
49．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A．Because more force is needed for sliding.
B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.”可知，用滾動的方法不需要帶著牛的脂肪或水使道路變得光滑，也就是說對道路做的準(zhǔn)備工作更少，故選D項(xiàng)。
50．What is the text mainly about?
A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
解析：選D　主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了古埃及人搬運(yùn)巨石建造金字塔可能用的更省力的辦法，故選D項(xiàng)。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
巧用“就近原則”解代詞指代題
代詞指代題考查考生依據(jù)語境邏輯推斷人稱代詞和指示代詞意義的能力。即對it, they, them, she, he等人稱代詞與this, these, that, those等指示代詞的正確指代做出判斷。歷年高考題中代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物變換多或動作變換頻繁的語境中。解題時(shí)，要注意代詞指代的總原則——就近指代，即畫線代詞指代的是在性(陰或陽)、數(shù)(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))、格(主格或賓格)、邏輯、意義、位置等方面與之接近的名詞。也就是說代詞所指代的詞通常在本句或其前句中。

例如上文第48小題，根據(jù)“就近原則”和“So he tried it.”中的So一詞可判斷，it指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ... make a block of stone 'a lot easier to roll than a square'．”物理學(xué)家West提出，在石塊四周捆綁上木棒可以使石塊更容易滾動。因此他對這種方法進(jìn)行了嘗試，故選A項(xiàng)。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Questioning the existence of aliens is something that scientists have done for decades.In fact, most people do believe that aliens exist in some fashion.The main necessities for life are water and some forms of energy source.Not surprisingly, there are some planets, exoplanets and moons that fit the bill.Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.
◆TRAPPIST－1
TRAPPIST－1 is a planetary system a few dozen light years away, whose discovery was announced in early 2017.This system consists of seven earth-like exoplanets orbiting an “ultra-cool” star, and it is one of our shots at finding possible life beyond our own solar system.
◆Titan
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, the sixth planet from our Sun.This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think.Titan does not exactly fit the description of being in a typical habitable zone.Titan has water, and it has liquid.It just doesn't have liquid water.The water on this moon is completely solid because of the extremely cold temperature.
◆Europa
Europa is one of Jupiter's moons here in our own solar system.It is another candidate due to its potential to hold liquid water.Europa is thought to have all the necessities for life including water, energy sources, and the right chemical build-up.
◆Mars
The Red Planet, the fourth from the Sun, is probably one of the most talked-about potential candidates for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life and even for human colonization.Despite some different voices, finding extraterrestrial life on Mars is really a serious possibility.We know by now that we won't find little green men or any intelligent form of life that we understand.However, there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet.
語篇解讀：科學(xué)家們對外星人的存在研究了數(shù)十年，本文介紹了人們一致認(rèn)為的可能發(fā)現(xiàn)外星人的地方，包括土星最大的衛(wèi)星泰坦、木衛(wèi)二和火星等。

1．The common point of these celestial bodies (天體) is that .
A．solid water exists on them respectively
B．life might exist on each of them
C．they all contain liquid water
D．each of them has living things on it
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.”并結(jié)合下文的介紹可知，生命體可能存在于文中提及的這些天體上，故B項(xiàng)正確。
2．Which celestial body could have life different from human imagination?
A．TRAPPIST－1.　　　　 B．Titan.
C．Europa. D．Mars.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Titan部分的第二句可知，這顆衛(wèi)星有可能會孕育生命，但可能不是我們所想的那樣。據(jù)此可知，泰坦中的生命體可能和我們想象的不一樣，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．What do we know from the passage?
A．Europa is the most talked-about potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.
B．TRAPPIST－1 is the only body that contains life beyond the solar system.
C．All the scientists do believe that aliens exist in some manner.
D．There is proof that life existed on the celestial body Mars.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文尾句可知，有證據(jù)表明，在這顆紅色的小星球上曾經(jīng)存在過或仍然存在著生命。據(jù)此可知，火星上有生命是有證據(jù)的，故D項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020屆高三·名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷九)A team of scientists found a new planet in space by accident. It was a discovery that could change science. “We hit the jackpot here，” said scientist Guillem Anglada-Escude about the discovery of the planet more or less like Earth that is orbiting Proxima Centauri (半人馬座比鄰星), the star nearest to our solar system.
What do we know about this exciting new Earth? Well, Proxima b, or “Earth Ⅱ” as you could call it, is a little bigger than our Earth, and its revolution only takes 11 days. Also, since it is so much closer to its red dwarf star than Earth to the sun, the sky there is orange without any blue at all, creating a forever sunset effect. But there are a lot of questions about life forms that could live on this new planet.
The discovery of the planet made the Chicago Tribune newspaper wonder if anyone had seen or heard of the US's space postcards from its Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spaceship, which were pictures of a man and a woman, along with diagrams of the solar system. If there are aliens (外星人) on Proxima b, they would have found images showing the incredible diversity of Earth.
Aliens might also have heard the message from former US President Jimmy Carter：“This is a present from a small distant world ... We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic (銀河的) civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe.”
It might not be time to plan a visit to Proxima b just yet — even if it has an atmosphere — at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)．
語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。科學(xué)家在太空中發(fā)現(xiàn)一顆大小與地球有幾分相似的行星。這顆類地行星繞著半人馬座比鄰星(距我們太陽系最近的恒星)進(jìn)行軌道運(yùn)動。
4．What does the underlined phrase “hit the jackpot” probably mean?
A．Make a bet.　　　　　　 B．Take a risk.
C．Succeed by chance. D．Miss the boat.
解析：選C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的第一、二句及下文內(nèi)容可知，科學(xué)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆類似地球的行星，這是一項(xiàng)能夠改變科學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。對于發(fā)現(xiàn)這顆行星的科學(xué)家來說，他們好像是中頭獎了。hit the jackpot意為“中頭獎”，在此可指“意外成功”。故選C。
5．What does the author say about Proxima b?
A．It has a shorter period of revolution.
B．It is of the similar weight to Earth.
C．It is a newly-found planet in the solar system.
D．Its sky looks orange for being closer to the sun.
解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“its revolution only takes 11 days”可知，比鄰星b的公轉(zhuǎn)周期僅有11天。相對于地球的公轉(zhuǎn)周期(約365天)而言，比鄰星b的公轉(zhuǎn)周期要短得多。
6．What do President Jimmy Carter's words suggest?
A．Humans' eagerness to meet creatures from outer space.
B．The great progress made in space exploration.
C．The best wishes for America's space program.
D．Humans' determination to explore outer space.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容和其中的關(guān)鍵信息“we may live into yours”“to join”“our determination”可知，美國前總統(tǒng)Jimmy Carter給外星人的留言內(nèi)容傳遞了人類探索外太空的決心。故選D。

7．What seems to be the major problem for our visit to Proxima b?
A．The lack of air on the planet.
B．Too great a distance from us.
C．Uncertainty about life forms there.
D．The glaring sunlight all years.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“at first, we would need to invent a way to get there in less than 78,000 years it would take at 36,000 mph (about 57,900 km/h)”可知，如果人類想要探訪比鄰星b，需要尋找一種更快的抵達(dá)方式。人類以3.6萬英里每小時(shí)(約5.79萬千米/時(shí))的速度需要7.8萬年才能到達(dá)那里。由此可推知，人類探索比鄰星b的最大問題是比鄰星b距離我們太遠(yuǎn)。故選B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·濟(jì)南模擬)There was a little, but always strange girl. Everything was bad for her. She wished to meet an enchantress (女魔法師) that would turn her life a(n) 1 tale.
One day an enchantress came and said that one of her wishes would 2 . The girl became very happy at first, but then she started to think that she had a lot of wishes and all of them were 3 for her. She could not 4 just one. Then the 5 enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day. The girl became 6 — now all her dreams will become realities.
From that day on, she was waiting every morning with joy and 7 . Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones ... But soon the little girl realized that 8 of the wishes did not give her joy and happiness which she 9 for. Many wishes brought her disappointment, and some 10 pains. Almost every dream was an empty little girl's caprice (任性). Though being 11 ， she suddenly found that she did not 12 this. Soon she started to 13 the dreams. She was afraid to 14 every day, waiting for the realization of another wish. Crying, she asked the enchantress to 15 only one dream — to live as she lived 16 and enjoy life.
The good enchantress had 17 upon the little girl. She waved her magic wand and disappeared. The girl was happy 18 she knew that now she would carefully seek for her one big 19 dream, not wasting time with short-term, 20 ， quite unnecessary wishes.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇寓言故事，講述了一個(gè)小女孩遇到了一位女魔法師，她答應(yīng)每天實(shí)現(xiàn)小女孩一個(gè)愿望以及小女孩在這個(gè)過程中所明白的道理。
1．A.funny　　　　　　　 B．outstanding
C．fairy D．extraordinary
解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，小女孩的生活很糟糕，她希望遇到一位女魔法師，把她的生活變成童話。fairy tale“童話”。

2．A.give out B．come true
C．come out D．give off
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“The girl became very happy at first”可知，此處為她的愿望中的一個(gè)會實(shí)現(xiàn)(come true)。
3．A.mysterious B．humorous
C．important D．private
解析：選C　根據(jù)上文可知，小女孩有很多愿望，下文提到“She could not just one”，所以此處應(yīng)是指所有的愿望對她來說都很重要(important)，她無法只選擇一個(gè)。
4．A.remind B．choose
C．change D．guess
解析：選B　參見上題解析。choose“選擇”；remind“提醒”；guess“猜測”。
5．A.kind B．strict
C．magical D．optimistic
解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“enchantress said that she would help her realize one wish every day”可知，女魔法師說她每天都會幫助小女孩實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)愿望，因此她是善良的(kind)。最后一段中的“The good enchantress”也是提示。
6．A.weaker B．prouder
C．luckier D．happier
解析：選D　善良的女魔法師答應(yīng)她每天都能實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)愿望，所以這個(gè)小女孩變得更加高興(happier)了。
7．A.enthusiasm B．sorrow
C．surprise D．doubt
解析：選A　從那天起，她每天早晨都懷著喜悅和熱情(enthusiasm)等待著。sorrow“悲傷”；surprise“驚訝”；doubt“懷疑”。
8．A.description B．wonder
C．a(chǎn)chievement D．expression
解析：選C　根據(jù)上文“Then as days passed, the dreams became real ones”可知，此處指夢想成了現(xiàn)實(shí)，但是愿望的實(shí)現(xiàn)(achievement)并沒有給小女孩帶來她所期望的快樂。
9．A.hoped B．took
C．thanked D．a(chǎn)nswered
解析：選A　參見上題解析。
10．A.still B．ever
C．indeed D．even
解析：選D　上文指出許多愿望使她感到失望，此處應(yīng)指一些愿望甚至(even)給她帶來了痛苦。此處用even表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
11．A.annoyed B．satisfied
C．confused D．excited
解析：選B　上文說女魔法師實(shí)現(xiàn)了小女孩的愿望，所以此處表示小女孩是滿足的(satisfied)。
12．A.want B．do
C．get D．decide
解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的Though可知，小女孩雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)了愿望，但她突然發(fā)現(xiàn)這并不是她想要的。
13．A.suspect B．hate
C．fear D．enjoy
解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“She was afraid to every day, waiting for the realization of another wish”可知，此處為她開始害怕(fear)夢想。下文中的“was afraid to”為重要提示。
14．A.stand up B．wake up
C．go to sleep D．dress up
解析：選B　根據(jù)上文的“that she would help her realize one wish every day”“she was waiting every morning with joy and ”可知，此處表示她每天醒來(wake up)。
15．A.understand B．remember
C．a(chǎn)ccept D．realize
解析：選D　根據(jù)語境以及空后的“only one dream”可知，此處指實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)愿望，故用realize。
16．A.before B．a(chǎn)lone
C．later D．now
解析：選A　此處表示像她以前(before)那樣生活，享受生活。
17．A.effect B．envy
C．mercy D．punishment
解析：選C　根據(jù)空前的“The good enchantress”和下文“The girl was happy”可知，此處應(yīng)指這位善良的女魔法師對這個(gè)女孩是仁慈的(mercy)。
18．A.so B．because
C．a(chǎn)s if D．even though
解析：選B　女孩很高興，因?yàn)樗垃F(xiàn)在她會認(rèn)真地尋找一個(gè)有價(jià)值的夢想。根據(jù)語境可知空處前后為因果關(guān)系，且為前果后因，故選because。
19．A.apparent B．delicate
C．typical D．valuable
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“not wasting time with short-term, ， quite unnecessary wishes”可知，此處為有價(jià)值的(valuable)夢想。
20．A.by all means B．by coincidence
C．a(chǎn)s a result D．in fact
解析：選D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指不要把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在短期的愿望上，實(shí)際上，這些短期的愿望是沒有必要的。in fact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·長沙質(zhì)檢)Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese festivals. It is often 1 (call) “Lunar New Year”， because — as part of the lunisolar (陰陽的) Chinese calendar — the date is partially determined based on lunar phase (月亮或行星的相位). The festival traditionally 2 (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival 3 is on the 15th day. Chinese New Year's Eve, a day when Chinese families gather for their annual reunion dinner, is known as Chú Xī. It literally means “Year-pass Eve”．
According to 4 (tale) and legends, the beginning of Chinese New Year started with the fight against 5 mythical (神話的) beast called Nian (年獸). Nian would come on the first day of New Year to devour livestock (牲畜), crops, and even villagers, 6 (especial) children. To protect 7 ， the villagers would put food in front of their doors at the beginning of every year. It was believed that after the Nian 8 (eat) the food they prepared, it wouldn't attack people any more. One time, people saw that the Nian was scared away by a little child wearing red. The villagers then understood that the Nian was afraid 9 the colour red. Hence, every time when the New Year was about to come, the villagers would hang red lanterns and red spring scrolls on windows and doors. People also used fireworks 10 (frighten) away the Nian. From then on, Nian never came to the village again.

1．called　考查語態(tài)。春節(jié)常被叫作“農(nóng)歷新年”，此處主語It與動詞call之間為被動關(guān)系，故填called。
2．begins　考查時(shí)態(tài)。傳統(tǒng)上來講，春節(jié)開始于農(nóng)歷第一個(gè)月的第一天。此處是對客觀事實(shí)的描述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3．which/that　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Lantern Festival，故填which/that。
4．tales　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。tale為可數(shù)名詞，前無限定詞，且根據(jù)空后的legends可知，此處應(yīng)用tale的復(fù)數(shù)形式與legends構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。
5．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。空處表示泛指，且mythical的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。

6．especially　考查副詞。年獸會在新年的第一天出現(xiàn)并吞食牲畜、作物，甚至村民，尤其是兒童。根據(jù)語境可知此處用副詞作狀語，表示“尤其”。
7．themselves　考查代詞。為了保護(hù)自己，村民們每年年初都會把食物放在家門口。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves。
8．a(chǎn)te　考查時(shí)態(tài)。人們相信，在吃了他們準(zhǔn)備好的食物之后，它就不會再攻擊人們了。根據(jù)語境及主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)。
9．of　考查介詞。村民們后來明白了，年獸害怕紅色。be afraid of ...“害怕……”，為固定搭配。
10．to frighten　考查非謂語動詞。人們也用鞭炮來嚇跑年獸。此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式表示目的。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
(2019·福州八市聯(lián)考)As teenagers, we should attach great important to reading.Reading can benefit from us teenagers a great deal.Firstly, reading improves our school grades.Secondly, reading helps us expanding our horizons.Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to their own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience.
It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of read as much as possible.We teenagers should stay devoted to read what we are interested in.Besides, we should active participate in some activities that are related to reading, what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.
答案：第一句：important→importance
第二句：去掉from
第四句：expanding→expand
第五句：their→our
第六句：a→an
第七句：is→be; of后加to
第八句：read→reading
第九句：active→actively; what→where