Unit 1　Great scientists

[單詞　拼寫應用]
核心單詞
1．defeat vt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫 n．失敗
2．expert adj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的
n．專家；行家
3．a(chǎn)ttend vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加
4．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心
5．blame vt.責備；譴責
n．過失；責備
6．link vt.& n．連接；聯(lián)系
7．positive adj.積極的；肯定的；確實的
8．enthusiastic adj.熱情的；熱心的
9．foresee vt.預見；預知
10．handle n．柄；把手
vt.處理；操縱
11．cure n．治愈；痊愈
vt.治愈；治療
12．suspect vt.認為；懷疑
n．被懷疑者；嫌疑犯
[語境運用]　用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1．Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
2．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to send for an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.
3．Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
4．Our football team won the championship by defeating(defeat) all the other teams.
5．When linked (link) to the subway，the city will be easy to get access to.
6．Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and let him open his suitcase，but found nothing at all.
7．Few analysts foresaw ( foresee) that oil prices would rise so quickly.
8．Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture，I'd like to invite you to_attend( attend)the exhibition with me.
拓展單詞
1．challenge n．挑戰(zhàn) vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的
2．cautious adj.小心的；謹慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3．pollute vt.污染；弄臟→pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教導→instruction n．說明；傳授→instructions (pl.)用法說明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→contribution n．貢獻
7．reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejection n．拒絕；拋棄
8．science n．科學→scientific adj.科學的→scientist n．科學家
9．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音員；宣告者
10．construct vt.建設；修建→construction n．建設；建筑物
11．responsible adj.有責任的；負責的→responsibility n．責任；負責
12．paint v．繪畫；涂→painter n．畫家；油漆匠→painting n．油畫；水彩畫
13．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
[語境運用]　用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1．The doctor instructed the patient to take medicine by the instructions．(instruct)
2．The workers are_constructing the bridge damaged by the flood，and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)
3．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)
4．She has_contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.(contribute)
5．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science)
6．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
7．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm，and I found it very challenging．( challenge)
閱讀詞匯
1．characteristic n．特征；特性
2．a(chǎn)nalyse vt.分析
3．physician n．醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師
4．victim n．受害者
5．enquiry n．詢問
6．neighbourhood n．附近；鄰近
7．pump n．泵；抽水機
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
8．firework n．煙火(燃放)
9．chart n．圖表
10．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
11．radium n．鐳
12．outbreak n．爆發(fā)；發(fā)作(尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭)
拓展聯(lián)想
1.后綴-sion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞集錦
①conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束
②confusion 混亂
③expression 詞語；表達方式
④revision 修正；復習
⑤permission 允許
⑥profession 職業(yè)；專業(yè)
2.“觀點；態(tài)度”的高頻形容詞
①positive積極的
②negative 消極的
③subjective 主觀的
④objective 客觀的
⑤doubtful 懷疑的
⑥critical 批評的
3.名詞用作動詞的高頻詞匯聚焦
①handle n．把手→vt.處理
②nurse n．護士→vt.護理
③face n．臉→vt.面對
④bridge n．橋→vt.溝通
⑤drink n．飲料→vt.喝；飲
⑥bike n．自行車→vi.騎自行車
熟詞生義
你知道下面句子中黑體詞的漢語意思嗎？
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. 作品；創(chuàng)作
2．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)On every single move you have to analyze a situation，process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.(棋子的)移動；走棋
3．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. 制成物；作品

[短語　多維應用]
高
頻
短
語
1.put_forward 提出
2．draw_a_conclusion 得出結(jié)論
3．expose_...to 使顯露；暴露
4．link...to... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來
5．a(chǎn)part_from 除……之外；此外
[語境運用]　選用左邊短語的適當形式填空。
From some cases，we ①drew_a_conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door in time.②Apart_from it，we also ③put_forward several suggestions，one of which was that you should not ④expose this information ⑤to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.
高
頻
短
語
6.be_enthusiastic_about 熱衷于；對……充滿熱情
7．make_sense 講得通；有意義
8．(be)_strict_with... 對……嚴格的
9．contribute_to 有助于；捐獻；導致
10．be_to_blame 應受責備
11．look_into 調(diào)查
[語境運用]　選用左邊短語的適當形式填空。
As an astronomer，I ⑥am_enthusiastic_about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason ⑦contributed_to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't ⑧make_sense，for we cannot conclude it that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.

拓
展
聯(lián)
想
1.“動詞＋...＋to”短語薈萃
①expose ...to使顯露；暴露
②add ...to 增添；增加
③compare ...to 把……比作
④devote ...to 把……用于
⑤supply ...to 為……提供
2．由link ...to ...聯(lián)想到的
①connect ...with ...把……和……連接起來
②tie ...to ...把……拴到……
③mix ...with ...把……和……混合起來
④combine ...with ...把……和……結(jié)合起來
⑤attach ...to ...把……系到/縛到……
[句式　結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫]
教材原句背誦
句式仿寫應用
1.neither...nor...既不……也不……。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
這種現(xiàn)象既不是很好也不是很差；它就是現(xiàn)實中的大學生活。
This phenomenon is neither_good_nor_bad；it is a fact of college life.
2.every time引導時間狀語從句。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每當我聽到這首歌，它就使我想起與祖母在一起的幸福時光。
Every_time_I_hear_the_song，it makes me think of the happy days when I was with Granny.
3.suggest后跟從句用虛擬語氣。
To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)一些同學建議我們?nèi)ジ浇拿麆俟袍E。
Some classmates suggest we should_go_to_places_of_interest nearby.
4.only＋狀語從句位于句首時主句須倒裝。
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有當你找到內(nèi)心的安寧的時候，你才會與他人保持良好的關系。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep_good_relationships with others.

精講5個考綱單詞
1．conclude vt.& vi.推斷出；結(jié)束；達成
(1)單句語法填空
①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
②I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
③In conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯
我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：患難見真情。
①I drew_the_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
②I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
先理解再牢記
(1)conclude
conclude sth. 以……結(jié)束……
to conclude 最后
(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
in conclusion 總而言之
[佳句背誦]　He concluded his speech with a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
2.attend vt.出席；參加；照顧；護理 vi.專心；留意
(1)單句語法填空
①When I got there，he was attending(attend) a wedding party.
②As a daughter，I feel it is my duty to attend on my sick mother.
③As far as I know，the patients are well attended (attend) in the hospital.
(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯
因為我有重要的事情要處理，今晚我不能與你一起外出。
①I can't go out with you tonight because I have an important thing to deal_with．
②I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend_to．
先理解再牢記
(1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/class參加會議/聽講座/參加婚禮/上課
(2)attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人；照顧某人
attend to 處理；傾聽；專心于；照顧
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　“照顧某人”表達薈萃：attend (on ) sb.；look after sb.；take care of sb.；watch over sb.。
3.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨
(1)單句語法填空
①Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
②Being_exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
(2)[鏈接寫作]——句式升級
(普通表達)Children are exposed to difficult situations.They are better at handling challenging situations.
(高級表達)Exposed_to_difficult_situations，children are better at handling challenging situations.(分詞作狀語)
先理解再牢記
(1)expose...to使……接觸，使……體驗
be exposed to 暴露于……；處于……危險中
(2)expose sth.to sb.向某人揭發(fā)某事
[名師點津]　及物動詞expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動形式；在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to結(jié)構(gòu)中，to為介詞，其后要用名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。
4.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；吞并；理解；掌握
(1)寫出下列句中absorb的含義
①Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.吞并
②After absorbing enough water，the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can't absorb that much.理解
(2)[鏈接寫作]——句式升級
(普通表達)Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.
①(高級表達)So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so...that...的倒裝句)
②(高級表達)Absorbed_in_his_work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.(分詞作狀語)
先理解再牢記
(1)absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意
absorb...into...把……吸收進……
(2)absorbed adj.全神貫注的
(be)absorbed in...全神貫注于……
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語、定語時，常用其過去分詞形式absorbed in...。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：
①be lost in...陷入……；專心致志于……
②be caught in...被困在……
③be buried in...埋頭于……
④be devoted to...致力于……；專心于……
⑤be occupied in...忙于……
⑥be involved in...專注于……
5.blame vt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于 n．過失；責備
(1)單句語法填空
①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
②She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯
誠實地說，李華應該為這次沖突負責。
①To be honest，Li Hua is_to_blame_for the conflict.(blame vi.)
②Honestly speaking，Li Hua should_take_the_blame_for the conflict.(blame n．)
先理解再牢記
(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而責備某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上
be to blame (for...) 應承擔責任；該受責備
(2)take/bear the blame for...
＝be responsible for...對……負責
[名師點津]　be to blame 不能用于被動語態(tài)，該短語主動語態(tài)表被動含義。
詮釋2個核心短語
1．put forward提出(建議)；推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥
(1)寫出下列句中put forward的含義
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.提出
②I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate.推薦
③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.
將……提前
(2)[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯
在會議上他提出了解決這個難題的一個好主意。
①He came_up_with_a_good_idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
②He put_forward_a_good_idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
先理解再牢記
put aside儲蓄；儲存；留出；把……放在一邊
put away 將……收起，放回原處；積蓄
put off 延期；推遲
put up 舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿
put up with容忍；忍受
[佳句背誦]　Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
2.make sense有意義；有道理；講得通
(1)單句語法填空
①As far as I'm concerned，there is no sense in getting(get) upset about it now.
②In a sense，he is to blame for the accident.
(2)[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級
(普通表達)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高級表達)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
先理解再牢記
(1)make sense of理解；明白
make no sense 沒道理；沒意義
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來說
in no sense 決不(位于句首時用部分倒裝)
(3)there is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事沒道理
突破2個高考句型
1．(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。
[要點提煉]　neither...nor...既不……也不……。
(1)單句語法填空/單句改錯
①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes (take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
③Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.are→is
(2)[鏈接寫作]——句式升級
(普通表達)The teacher is not content with the result.The students are not content with the result.
(高級表達)Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are_ content with the result.
先理解再牢記
(1)neither...nor...既不…也不……，連接句中兩個相同的句子成分。連接主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致”原則。
(2)遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞還有：either...or...不是……就是……；not only...but also...不僅……而且……；not...but...不是……而是……等。
2.(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
每次暴發(fā)霍亂時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
[要點提煉]　every time引導時間狀語從句，表示“每當……時”。
(1)單句改錯
①The next time when you feel the urge to spread latest news，think about why you want to gossip.去掉when
②They rushed out on the moment they heard the shout for help.去掉on
(2)[鏈接寫作]——完成句子
①Every_time_he_arrived_home(每次他到家) at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
②Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing(下次你來北京)，be sure to let me know in advance.
先理解再牢記
(1)名詞詞組作連詞用而且能引導時間狀語從句的還有：
each time每當……時候
next time下次……時
the＋序數(shù)詞＋time第……次
the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/instant)一……就……
(2)on/upon＋n./doing sth.一……就……


Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．We were shocked by the announcement (announce) that the amusement park would be closed.
2．We will have to adopt a more scientific ( science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
3．Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.
4．Mary was_rejected (reject) by the university she applied to last year.
5．Apart from its low price，the advantage of this car lies in its good quality.
6．When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，absorbed(absorb) in conversation.
7．Because of the severe pollution(pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink.
8．Children，when exposed(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere，will pick up the language much more easily.
9．Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest challenges(challenge) faced by scientists today.
10．Generally speaking，parents like the teachers who are strict with their children.
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．Doctors say there are various possible cures of the disease.of→for
2．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.去掉for
3．The park is very attractive that many visitors come to visit it every year.very→so
4．It doesn't make a sense for parents to give children whatever they want.去掉a
5．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting，in my opinion，is quite practical.去掉was

Ⅰ.課文語法填空
根據(jù)P2－3課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
John Snow was a famous doctor in London，who was so expert that he 1.attended(attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he was famous for 2.defeating(defeat)“King Cholera”．
Cholera was a deadly disease and neither its cause nor its cure 3.was_understood(understand)．John Snow wanted to face the challenge 4.and solve the problem.He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hit London，he began his enquiry.He found that many victims 5.linked(link) to the cholera outbreak were near the water pump，so he had the handle removed.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He drew 6.a conclusion that the polluted water was 7.to_blame(blame)．
The water 8.companies(company) were instructed not to expose people 9.to polluted water any more.10.Finally(final)“King Cholera” was defeated.
Ⅱ.寫作改錯雙練
根據(jù)提示利用本單元所學知識完成下面的小作文，并改正學生習作。
1．眾所周知，科學家對世界做出了巨大貢獻。(contribution)
2．就我個人而言，科學家是那些對工作嚴格要求、專心于科學事業(yè)的人。(strict；be absorbed in)
3．他們對他們得出的結(jié)論非常謹慎。(be cautious about；conclusion)
4．他們通過反復做實驗來檢驗他們提出的理論。(put forward)
5．他們銘記如果理論不以事實為基礎就沒有任何意義。(be based on；make no sense)
第一步：練寫作
用適當?shù)倪B接詞將上述句子連成一篇短文。
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第二步：練改錯
下面是李明針對本文的習作，其中有5處語法錯誤，請你幫他糾正過來。
As is known to us，scientists have made great contribution to the world.As far as I'm concerned，scientists are strict with their work and absorbing in scientific research.They are very cautious about every conclusion they draw.They do experiments again and again test the theory they put forward.They keep it in mind that a theory make no sense if it isn't based on facts.
【答案】　
As is known to us，scientists have made great to the world.As far as I'm concerned，scientists are strict their work and in scientific research.They are very cautious about every conclusion they draw.They do experiments again and again test the theory they put forward.They keep it in mind that a theory no sense if it isn't based on facts.

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