Unit 4　Earthquakes

[單詞　拼寫(xiě)應(yīng)用]
核心單詞
1.burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā)
n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
2．disaster n．災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍
3．rescue n．& vt.援救；營(yíng)救
4．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏
5．destroy vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅
6．damage n．& vt.損失；損害
7．ruin n．廢墟；毀滅
vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
8．trap vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
9．electricity n．電；電流；電學(xué)
10．sincerely adv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．
2．With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
3．A water pipe burst (burst) and the entire apartment was flooded.
4．If it hadn't been for your timely help，we would_be_trapped (trap) in a dilemma now.
5．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.
6．Disasters(disaster) such as earthquakes and floods are not caused by human beings.
拓展單詞
1.extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv.極度地
2．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．意見(jiàn)；判斷力；審判
3．injure vt.損害；傷害→injury n．傷害；損害→injured adj.受傷的
4．nation n．民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民→national adj.國(guó)家的；民族的
5．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→frightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的
6．congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù)) 賀詞
7．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.臟的；骯臟的
8．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受→suffering n．苦難；痛苦→sufferer n．患者；受害者
9．shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng) n．休克；打擊；震驚→shocking adj.令人震驚的→shocked adj.震驚的
10．survive vt.& vi.幸存；幸免于→survivor n．幸存者；生還者；殘存物→survival n．幸存
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to_congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．Rescuers said the injured was taken to a hospital nearby，and fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure)
6．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose.Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation)
閱讀詞匯
1．canal n．運(yùn)河；水道
2．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處
3．farmyard n．農(nóng)場(chǎng)；農(nóng)家
4．outline n．要點(diǎn)；大綱；輪廓
5．headline n．報(bào)刊的大字標(biāo)題
6．earthquake n．地震
7．track n．軌道；足跡；痕跡
8．event n．事件；大事
9．well n．井
10．pipe n．管；導(dǎo)管
11．steam n．蒸汽；水汽
12．reporter n．記者
拓展聯(lián)想
1．“A→A→A”式不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化
①burst→burst→burst爆裂；爆發(fā)
②cost→cost→cost 花費(fèi)
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 傷害
⑤shut→shut→shut 關(guān)閉
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
2．“-ing/-ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦
①
②
③
熟詞生義
你知道下面句子中黑體詞的漢語(yǔ)意思嗎？
1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 刻苦鉆研；研究
2．(2014·重慶卷)He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs. 保護(hù)；庇護(hù)
3．Mrs. Long, who suffered a stroke after the accident, claimed $27，000 damages from the other driver's car insurance firm. 賠償金
[短語(yǔ)　多維應(yīng)用]
高
頻
短
語(yǔ)
1.right_away立刻；馬上
2．in_ruins 嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪
3．a(chǎn)_(great)_number_of 許多；大量的
4．judging_from 從……判斷
5．be_trapped_in 陷入
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　選用左邊短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。
①A_great_number_of firefighters were sent to the scene ②right_away．The fire spread so quickly that the building lay ③in_ruins in no time.④Judging_from the situation，many people ⑤were_trapped_in the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.
高
頻
短
語(yǔ)
6.think_little/nothing_of認(rèn)為……沒(méi)什么了不起
7．a(chǎn)t_an_end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
8．dig_out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)
9．be_proud_of 以……而自豪
10．be_buried_in 埋頭于
[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]　選用左邊短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。
My holiday was nearly ⑥at_an_end and I paid a visit to my cousin.When I came in，he ⑦was_buried_in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got top marks in the final exam and his parents ⑧were_proud_of him.However，he ⑨t(yī)hought_nothing_of what he had achieved.

拓
展
聯(lián)
想
1.表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語(yǔ)薈萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
2．“think＋副詞＋of”短語(yǔ)薈萃
①think little of認(rèn)為……沒(méi)什么了不起
②think highly of 重視；看得起
③think well of 重視
④think poorly of 輕視
⑤think badly of 認(rèn)為……不好
[句式　結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫(xiě)]
教材原句背誦
句式仿寫(xiě)應(yīng)用
1.too...to...太……而不能……。
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
(2016·上海卷)我當(dāng)時(shí)太年幼，不理解這部電影的含義。
I was then too_young_to_understand the meaning of the film.
2.It seemed as if ……似乎/好像……。
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
保羅仿佛像一位超人一樣勇敢地與狼作斗爭(zhēng)。
Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he_were_a_superman.
3.everywhere引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
無(wú)論他走到哪里，他都受到熱烈歡迎。
Everywhere_he_went，he received a warm welcome.
4.all...not...并非所有的……都……。
All hope was not lost.
最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明，在我們學(xué)校并非所有的學(xué)生都在課余時(shí)間進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_don't_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.

精講5個(gè)考綱單詞
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The police burst in and arrested the gang.
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
③At the news that my dad would be back from London this week，I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——句式升級(jí)
①(普通表達(dá))When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake，the couple burst_into_tears(突然哭起來(lái))．
②(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hearing_the_bad_news that their son died in the earthquake，the couple burst_out_crying．(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
先理解再牢記
(1)burst in/into闖入，突然破門(mén)而入
突然哭起來(lái)/笑起來(lái)
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/樂(lè)不可支
(2)a burst of 一陣……
[名師點(diǎn)津]　短語(yǔ)burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)；而burst into中的into是介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。
2.ruin n．[U]毀滅；毀壞；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟 vt.(使)毀壞；成為廢墟
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
When they rushed to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighbourhood in ruins (ruin)．
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯
他犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，這讓他失去了出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。
①He made a mistake，which_ruined_his_chance of going abroad.(定語(yǔ)從句)
②He made a mistake，ruining_his_chance of going abroad.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))
先理解再牢記
(1)lie/be in ruins成為廢墟
be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟
(2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡
ruin one's health/fame/future 毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途
[佳句背誦]　The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.
3.injure vt.損害；傷害
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.
②Dogs' owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))My left foot was seriously injured，so I can't go with you as planned.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I can't go with you as planned.(with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
先理解再牢記
(1)injured adj.受傷的
get seriously injured 受重傷
the injured 傷員
(2)injury n．傷；傷口；傷害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.
傷害某人
[佳句背誦]　She injured herself while skating，which made her parents very worried.
4.bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使專(zhuān)心，使沉浸；隱藏
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) wandered into the dining room and found you buried(bury) in piles of books.
②He sank into a chair，burying(bury) his face in his hands.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯
專(zhuān)心于讀書(shū)，他不知道外面下雨了。(bury)
①Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books，he didn't know it was raining outside.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
②Burying_himself_in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
③Buried_in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
先理解再牢記
(1)埋頭于；專(zhuān)心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面
[佳句背誦]　The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying herself in a book.
[名師點(diǎn)津]　表示 “專(zhuān)心于；致力于” 的短語(yǔ)還有：be devoted to；be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in；focus/concentrate on等。
5.judge vt.斷定；判斷；判決 n．裁判員；法官
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)'m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.
②Schools tend to be_judged (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
③Judging (judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——完成句子
(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)依我看來(lái)，注意餐桌禮儀是非常重要的。
As_far_as_I_can_judge/As_far_as_I'm_concerned，it's very important to mind your table manners.
先理解再牢記
(1)judge...from/by...從……來(lái)判斷
judge sb.to be 判斷某人為……
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為
(2)judging by/from 從……上看；根據(jù)……判斷
[名師點(diǎn)津]　judging from/by 表示“從……上看，根據(jù)……判斷”，用在句首時(shí)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)的影響。
詮釋2個(gè)核心短語(yǔ)
1．a(chǎn)t an end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)．
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——詞匯升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))The speech contest finished.Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The speech contest was_at_an_end．Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end．
先理解再牢記
(1)at the end of...在……盡頭，在……末端
by the end of 到……結(jié)束時(shí)，到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
(2)come to an end 結(jié)束
put an end to sth.結(jié)束；終結(jié)
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入為出
(3)end up with 以……結(jié)束
end up doing sth.以做……結(jié)束
2.a (great) number of許多；大量的
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Now a great number of college graduates are_seeking(seek) to get a high-paid job.But the number of posts available for them is(be)often not enough.
②Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help，have_been_offered(offer) since the organization was built.
③A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.
④Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——完成句子
我們使用新的循環(huán)利用方法，節(jié)省了大量的原材料。
After we use the new recycling method，a_large_number_of_materials _have_been_saved．
先理解再牢記
(1)
(2)the number of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
(3)＋
(4)
(5)plenty of
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)a large quantity/ amount of ＋不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)a large quantity/amount of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
突破2個(gè)高考句型
1．(教材P26)It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
[要點(diǎn)提煉]　It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...“(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))似乎……”。
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2016·上海卷)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do)it?
③The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt(hurt) badly.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——句式升級(jí)
They walked here and there on the playground as if they were looking for something.
→They walked here and there on the playground as if looking_for_something．(省略)
先理解再牢記
(1)as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣：
從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的
(2)as if從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
①?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)
②從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)
③從句用would/could/might do形式(與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反)
[佳句背誦]　Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.
2.(教材P26)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。
[要點(diǎn)提煉]　部分否定。該句是表示部分否定的句型，all...not...＝not all...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He told me all pieces of the news，but none of them was exciting.
②Our English teacher is excellent，but she can't help everyone/all in the class in 50 minutes.
(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換
Both of the maths problems are not very difficult.
→Not_both_of_the_maths_problems are very difficult.
先理解再牢記
(1)部分否定用法：
含 “全部/所有/任何” 等意義的詞與not連用，如：all，both，everything，always等。
(2)全部否定用法：
英語(yǔ)中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成 “全部否定”。


Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It was at midnight that Ken was_dug (dig) out from the ruins.
2．Trapped (trap) in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude.
3．When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，too tired to move.
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage，the audience burst out cheering(cheer)．
5．Two-fifths of the students in our class are(be) fond of pop music.
6．On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations (congratulation) to him on his success.
7．It shocked(shock) me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
8．Although it was an extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous task，he was determined to finish it.
9．The terrible shaking of the ground woke (wake) up all the people who were asleep.
10．The factory，as is reported in the local newspapers，will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effect have been positive.effect→effects
2．The man was sleeping downstairs while the earthquake happened.
while→when
3．It was both exciting and frightened to be up there.
frightened→frightening
4．In the earthquake，about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into ruins.millions→million
5．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.for→to
6．Before you write an article for a newspaper，it is necessary to write a outline first.第二個(gè)a→an

Ⅰ.課文語(yǔ)法填空
根據(jù)P26課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28，1976，in which thousands of people died and many were injured.Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells 1.instead of water.People were greatly 2.shocked (shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city 3.was_destroyed(destroy) completely and the world seemed 4.at its end.
The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150，000 soldiers were sent 5.to_help(help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 6.who were trapped.They also built 7.shelters(shelter) for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.8.Slowly(slow)，the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake，strange things had happened in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.rose(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of 10.them(they)．
Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作改錯(cuò)雙練
根據(jù)提示利用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下面的小作文，并改正學(xué)生習(xí)作。
1．一天夜里，一切都開(kāi)始搖晃起來(lái)。(shake)
2．水管爆裂，電力中斷。(burst；cut off)
3．仿佛到了世界末日。(It seemed as if...；be at an end)
4．有些人受傷，有些人被埋在廢墟下，還有些人失蹤了。(injure；bury)
5．從那時(shí)的情況判斷，還有些被困群眾等待著救援。(judge from；trapped；rescue)
6．并不是沒(méi)有了希望。(all...not...)
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里營(yíng)救他們，運(yùn)來(lái)了食品和飲用水；全城又恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。(rescue；breathe again)
第一步：練寫(xiě)作
用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將上述句子連成一篇短文。
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第二步：練改錯(cuò)
下面是李明針對(duì)本文的習(xí)作，其中有5處語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)你幫他糾正過(guò)來(lái)。
One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was in an end.Some people were injured，some buried in the ruins and some missing.Judged from the situation，there was a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost，because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city.Slow，the city began to breathe again.
【答案】　
One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was an end.Some people were injured，some buried in the ruins and some missing. from the situation，there a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost，because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city.，the city began to breathe again.

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