一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．questionnaire n．　　　　　 問卷；調(diào)查表
2．lifestyle n. 生活方式
3．cartoon n. 卡通片，動(dòng)畫片
4．portable adj. 輕便的，手提(式)的
5．paperwork n. 日常文書工作
6．midnight n. 午夜，半夜
7．expert n. 專家
8．volunteer n. 志愿者
9．diet n. 飲食；節(jié)食
10．a(chǎn)ccountant n. 會(huì)計(jì)，會(huì)計(jì)師
11．a(chǎn)dvertisement n. 廣告
12．classical adj. 古典的
13．cycle vi. 騎自行車
14．sickness n. 疾病
15．nearby adj. 附近的__
adv. 在附近
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．matter vi. 要緊，有重大關(guān)系
2．suppose vt. 認(rèn)為，猜想
3．switch vt. 轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變
4．remote adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的
5．document n. 公文，文件
6．partner n. 合作者，搭檔
7．stand vt. 忍耐，忍受
8．challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)
9．support vt.& n. 支持；支撐
10．distance n. 距離
11．dial vt. 撥(電話號(hào)碼)
12．design n．& vt. 設(shè)計(jì)
13．otherwise adv. 否則；另外
14．forecast n. 預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)測(cè)
15．style n. 風(fēng)格，作風(fēng)
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．peaceful adj. 平靜的；和平的→peace n. 和平→peacefully adv. 和平地
2．relaxing adj. 輕松的，放松的→relax vt. & vi. 放松→relaxed adj. 放松的；輕松的
3．stress n．壓力→stressful adj.充滿壓力的，緊張的→stressed adj. 受壓的
4．a(chǎn)larm n. 警報(bào)，警告器 →alarmed adj. 害怕的→ alarming adj. 令人驚恐的
5．urgent adj. 急迫的，緊急的→urgently adv. 緊急地→urgency n. 緊急；催促
6．bored adj. 厭煩的，不感興趣的→boring adj. 沒趣的；令人厭倦(或厭煩)的
7．suffer vi. 遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛→suffering n. 痛苦，苦難→sufferer n. 受害者
8．pressure n. 壓力→press v. 按；壓
9．social adj. 社交的；社會(huì)的 →socially adv. 社會(huì)地→ society n. 社會(huì)
10．reduce vt. 減少；降低→reduction n. 減少；降低
11．organise vt. 組織 →organisation n. 組織
12．prefer vt. 更喜歡；寧愿→preference n. 偏愛→preferable adj. 更合適的
13．graduate vi. 畢業(yè) →graduation n. 畢業(yè)
14．presentation n. 表演；展示→ present v. 呈現(xiàn)
15．formal adj. 正式的，合禮儀的→informal adj. 非正式的
16．crowd n. 人群，一伙人→crowded adj. 擁擠的

1.好“事”多磨
①incident　　　　 事件
②matter 事件，問題
③affair 事務(wù)，私事
④issue 問題，事情
⑤event 事件，大事
2.學(xué)會(huì)“容忍(忍受)”
①bear
②tolerate
③stand
④suffer
⑤put up with
3.“支持，擁護(hù)”家族
①advocate vt.　　　 提倡；擁護(hù)
②back vt. 支持
③support vt. 支持，幫助
④stand by/for 支持
⑤in favour of 支持，贊同
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．switch__on/off/over　　　 把開關(guān)打開，接通/把……關(guān)
掉，關(guān)上/轉(zhuǎn)換頻道，轉(zhuǎn)變
2．go__off (爆竹、鈴等)響
3．take__up 占據(jù)；開始從事
4．be__filled__with 充滿著
5．suffer__from 忍受，遭受
6．free__of 免受；擺脫
7．put__pressure__on... 給……施加壓力
8．be__prepared__for... 為……做好準(zhǔn)備
9．a(chǎn)t__the__moment 此刻，目前
10．get__changed 換衣服，更衣
11．take__turns__to__do__sth. 輪流做某事
12．play__a__role/part__in... 在……中起作用
13．come__up__with 追上，趕上；想出，找到
14．look__forward__to 盼望，期望
15．a(chǎn)s__well__as 除……之外還；既……又……
16．make__a__difference 有影響；起作用

1.“v.＋off”短語聚會(huì)
①go off　 (爆竹、鈴等)響
②take off (飛機(jī))起飛；脫掉
③cut off 切斷；斷絕
④give off 放出
⑤put off 推遲，拖延
⑥pay off 償清；回報(bào)
2.“v.＋up”短語全接觸
①take up　 占據(jù)；開始從事
②go up 上升
③break up 分裂；打碎
④build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立
⑤hang up 掛起來；掛斷電話
⑥pick up (無意中)學(xué)會(huì)；撿起；開車去接
3.“v.＋up＋with”短語大聚會(huì)
①come up with 追上，趕上；想出
②catch up with 趕上；追上
③keep up with 跟上
④put up with 容忍；忍受
⑤make up with 與……和解/和好
⑥break up with 與……分手
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：do you think你認(rèn)為(用作插入語)
What kind of lifestyles do__you__think the men in the pictures have？
你認(rèn)為圖中的人有什么樣的生活方式呢？
句型2：the＋序數(shù)詞＋n.＋to do sth.
I am always the first person to__get__to__the__office.
我總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)辦公室的人。
句型3：find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語
I find__painting__or__drawing__very__relaxing.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)畫畫很令人放松。
句型4：so...that...如此……以至于……
Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常地鐵很擁擠，我很難找到座位。
句型5：the same...that...
We don’t have the__same work hours that office workers in the city have.
我們和這個(gè)城市里在辦公室工作的人的上班時(shí)間不同。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Having settled in that remote(遙遠(yuǎn)的) area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather.
2．(2019·江蘇卷)From the design(設(shè)計(jì)) and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school.
3．Robert can’t stand(忍受) catching the bus, so he always goes to work by bike.
4．What matters(很重要) is not your appearance but your ability.
5．(2019·江蘇卷)Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support(支撐) a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.
6．What are you doing now，Tom？You are supposed(suppose) to go to bed.
7．The father is out of work, so the pressure(press) of the poor family is beyond my imagination.
8．Although the world is full of sufferings(suffer), it is also full of the overcoming of it.
9．The young girl will be offered a good job as soon as she graduates (graduate) from college.
10．(2019·天津卷)To many people，technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant(distance) planets.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．Listen to the music to relax yourself. In fact, the relaxing music will make most of us feel relaxed．(relax)
2．As a graduate from a famous university, she was offered a good job after her graduation．(graduate)
3．They suffered a lot in the war. One of the sufferers told of her sufferings in the war.(suffer)
4．The film League of Gods was really boring,__which made some audience bored. They got up and left.(bore)
5．The two countries both love a peaceful life, so they often settle the arguments peacefully．(peace)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
take up; be fond of; look forward to; be free of; make a difference; over the years; come up with
I 1.am__fond__of music. When I 2.am__free__of homework, I prefer playing the guitar to playing the piano. 3.Over__the__years,__I’ve improved it a lot.But whenever I 4.take__up my piano, I always 5.look__forward__to your help.Could you 6.come__up__with some advice on how to improve my skills? I’m sure it will 7.make__a__difference to me.
go off; switch on; switch over; be filled with; suffer from; at the moment; be designed for; be bored with
Jamie is very busy 8.at__the__moment. In his opinion, our life 9.is__filled__with challenges and chances which 10.are__designed__for those who work hard, so he would rather 11.suffer__from being homesick.Every morning the moment his alarm clock 12.goes__off,__he gets up and starts to work hard.In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or 13.switches__on the TV to watch news. However, he seldom 14.switches__over to watch TV series because he 15.is__bored__with them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．你認(rèn)為誰是我們班最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生？
Who__do__you__think is the best student in our class?
2．探索新地方是很有趣的，即使你知道你并不是第一個(gè)到過那里的。
It’s fun to explore new places, even though you know you are not the__first__to__have__been__there．
3．我們到達(dá)那里時(shí)， 發(fā)現(xiàn)那座房子被毀掉了。
When we arrived there, we found__the__house__ruined．
4．湯姆非常誠實(shí)，因而受到了老師的贊揚(yáng)。
Tom was so__honest__a__boy__that he was praised by the teacher.
5．這就是我昨天在朋友家讀的那本書。
This book is the__same__that I read in my friend’s home yesterday.

matter　vi.要緊，有重大關(guān)系　n．物質(zhì)；問題；毛病
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①For most of the people in the hall, it is just a matter of taste.
②It is your attitude towards your classmates that really matters(matter)．
③To make matters(matter) worse, the doctor was late again that morning.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你失敗多少次都不要緊；要緊的是你有多少次站起來并再次嘗試。
It__doesn’t__matter how many times you fail; what__matters is how many times you stand up and try again.
⑤堅(jiān)持不懈，難也變易。
Keep trying no__matter__how__hard__it__seems and it will get easier.,(1)It doesn’t matter.沒關(guān)系。

It matters/doesn’t matter (to sb.)＋主語從句
(對(duì)某人來說)……有關(guān)系，重要/沒關(guān)
系，不重要。
(2)What’s the matter (with...)?
(……)怎么了？
a matter of... 一個(gè)……的問題
as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上，不瞞你說，事實(shí)上
to make matters worse(＝what’s worse)
更糟糕的是
suppose　vt.認(rèn)為，猜想；假設(shè)；應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該

[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)The college years are supposed to__be(be) a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.
②—Will it rain today?
—I suppose so. There are so many dark clouds in the sky!
③Supposing/Suppose(suppose) the plane is delayed, what shall we do?
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施保護(hù)環(huán)境。
The government is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to protect the environment.
⑤環(huán)境已經(jīng)大大地影響了人們的日常生活。
The environment has__greatly__affected people’s daily life.
⑥用非限制性定語從句合并④⑤
The__government__is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to__protect__the__environment,__which__has__greatly__affected__people’s__daily__life.

(1)suppose sb./sth.(to be)．..
認(rèn)為某人/某事……
be supposed to do 應(yīng)該做/本該做(而未做)
I suppose so 我想是這樣
I suppose not 我想不會(huì)的
I suppose(＝I think) 我認(rèn)為(常用作插入語)
(2)suppose/supposing(that)．..
假使……，假定……
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)當(dāng)主語是第一人稱＋suppose, think, believe, imagine等接賓語從句時(shí)，其反意疑問句要與從句保持一致。
(2)在suppose后可用so或not來代替that從句，避免重復(fù)表達(dá)過的想法。
switch　vt.轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變　n．開關(guān)；改變，轉(zhuǎn)變
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(全國卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches(switch) him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.
②I parked the car, switched off the engine and got off.
③I switched over to CCTV5 to watch the basketball match.
④The girl often switches on her computer as soon as she gets to the office.
⑤(全國卷Ⅱ)For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.

(1)switch off 　　　 把……關(guān)掉，關(guān)上
switch on 把開關(guān)打開，接通
switch(...)to... (把……)變換/轉(zhuǎn)移到……
switch over 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道，轉(zhuǎn)變
switch into 接入
(2)make a switch 進(jìn)行改變
[佳句背誦] Make a switch from publishing to teaching.　由出版工作改做教學(xué)工作。
suffer　vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦或困難)，受苦；經(jīng)受(損失等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
①a. Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering from hunger.
b．(2019·浙江卷6月)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered from the greatest water shortage.刪除from
②It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))He had__never__suffered__such__a__great__loss(從未遭受過這么大的損失) before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Never before in his life had__he__suffered__such__a__great__loss,__so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒裝)
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Not having__suffered__such__a__great__loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life.(分詞作狀語)

(1)suffer作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，指遭受一般的痛苦、損害等，其賓語常為loss，pain，punishment，defeat, hardship, disappointment等。
(2)suffer from　　　　 受……苦；患病
(3)suffering n. 受苦；苦難　
[佳句背誦] ①Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries.　盡管受了傷，尼爾森還是認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。(湖北卷)
②All day and all night it snowed, and the city began to suffer from a general traffic jam.
大雪不分晝夜地下，全城開始陷入交通大擁堵。
[詞塊助記] suffer from a heart attack心臟病發(fā)作
suffer a great deal from cold and hunger饑寒交迫
reduce　vt.減少；降低
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to__reduce(reduce) air pollution.
②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.
③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④減少壓力最有效的方式之一就是與你信任的人聊聊你的感受。
One__of__the__most__effective__ways__to__reduce__stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.

reduce...by...　　　 把……減少了……
reduce...to... 把……減少到……；
把……變?yōu)椤?br /> be reduced to 陷入某種境地(to為介詞)　
[佳句背誦] It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情緒)．
結(jié)果證明看綠色的、生長(zhǎng)的東西可以減少壓力，降低血壓，使人們的心情變得更好。(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] ①reduce→decrease(同義詞)；
②reduce→increase,__rise(反義詞)
prefer　vt.(preferred，preferred，preferring)更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I’m quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment to buying(buy) one.
②Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to__stay(stay) longer and spend more time.
③(2019·天津卷)Several reasons may account for my preference(prefer) for western painting.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我寧愿過簡(jiǎn)單的生活也不愿浪費(fèi)有限的資源。
④I prefer__to__live__simply__rather__than__waste the limited resources. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)
⑤I prefer__living__simply__to__wasting the limited resources. (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)
⑥I would__live__simply__rather__than__waste the limited resources. (would do sth. rather than do sth.)
⑦I would__rather__live__simply__than__waste the limited resources. (would rather do sth. than do sth.)

(1)prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.
相對(duì)于……更喜歡(做)……
prefer to do sth.　　　 更喜歡做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 希望/愿意某人做某事
(2)
(3)preference n．　 偏愛；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛的事物
[佳句背誦] I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.　在下個(gè)月的歡迎儀式上，與中國的傳統(tǒng)服裝相比，我更喜歡校服。(2019·江蘇卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)prefer不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(2)prefer相當(dāng)于like better，所以prefer不可與比較級(jí)連用。
stand　vt.忍受；經(jīng)受　vi.站立；處于(某種狀態(tài))　n．看臺(tái)，立場(chǎng)；支架
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Suddenly I sensed a man standing(stand) behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked.
②She will have to find another job, for she can’t stand working(work) overtime any more.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(湖南卷)多蘿西在我印象中很突出，她是在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)活得很精彩的一個(gè)人。
Dorothy stands__out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.
④在中國，中國結(jié)代表友誼、愛和好運(yùn)。
In China, Chinese knotting stands__for friendship, love and good luck.

(1)can’t stand sth./(sb.) doing sth.
　　　　　　　　 不能忍受某事/(某人)做某事
(2)stand by　　　 袖手旁觀；支持(某人)
stand for 代表，象征
stand out 顯眼，突出
[佳句背誦] The decision has been made and I have got to stand by it.　決定已經(jīng)作出了，我必須要遵守。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)stand意為“忍受”時(shí)，常與can，could連用，用于否定句和疑問句，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式；不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)表示“忍受”的詞匯還有bear, endure, put up with。
support　vt.支持；支撐；維持；供養(yǎng)　n．[U]支持；擁護(hù)；供養(yǎng)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition.
②a.What moves me is that my parents always support me in what I want to do.
b．Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③科學(xué)家必須提出論據(jù)以支持其理論。
A scientist must produce evidence in__support__of his theory.

(1)support sb.in sth.　　　 在某方面支持某人
(2)come to one’s support 來支持某人
in support of... 支持……　
[佳句背誦] Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
湯姆如此獨(dú)立以至于他從來都不問父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。(2019·天津卷)
design　n．設(shè)計(jì)；圖案　v. 設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；企圖
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to__help(help) them succeed academically and personally.
②a.Designed(design) for English beginners, the dictionaries were sold out on the day when it came out.
b．Designing(design) a splendid hotel, Mr. Huxley has no time for relaxation these days.
③(上海卷)Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))This project designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn’t work out as planned.(過去分詞作定語)
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))This project which__was__designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn’t work out as planned.(定語從句)

(1)design sth.for...
為某目的或用途而制造或計(jì)劃
be designed for.../to do sth.
目的是……
(2)　 故意地，蓄意地
偶然地　
[詞塊助記]
design a car　 　　　　　　 設(shè)計(jì)汽車
specially designed software 專門設(shè)計(jì)的軟件
the design for the new sports centre
新體育中心的草圖
a bowl with a flower design 有花卉圖案的碗
otherwise　adv.& conj.否則；另外，在其他方面
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Work harder, otherwise/or you will fall behind others.
②I was busy then, otherwise I would__have__helped(help) you out.
③They got two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they would__not__have__been(not be) able to afford to go.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(四川卷)在考前，我花了大量的時(shí)間做準(zhǔn)備。否則，我不會(huì)成功地通過考試。
Before the exam, I spent a large quantity of time in preparing for it. Otherwise,__I__wouldn’t__have__succeeded__in__passing__the__exam．

and otherwise　　　 等等；及其他
or otherwise 或相反；或其他情況　
[佳句背誦] I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need. Otherwise we’ll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
我認(rèn)為我們每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去幫助有困難的人。否則，我們遲早要為我們的自私付出代價(jià)。
[名師點(diǎn)津] otherwise根據(jù)句意要求，有時(shí)表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的否定的含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的否定虛擬條件句，后面的主句需用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。
distance　n．距離；路程；遠(yuǎn)方
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2017·浙江卷6月)Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.
b．In my opinion, the picture painted by a famous painter looks better at a distance.
②a.(2019·北京卷)Regardless of the weather or the distance(distant), Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
b．(2018·天津卷)I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant(distance) campground with just enough time to get there before dark.

(1)in the distance　　　 在遠(yuǎn)方，在遠(yuǎn)處
at a distance 稍遠(yuǎn)處；離一段距離
at a distance of 在距……的地方
(2)distant adj.　 遙遠(yuǎn)的；(指人) 遠(yuǎn)親的，冷淡的
[佳句背誦] Not only can the waterfall be seen in the distance, but also its sound may be heard at a distance of two miles.　
這個(gè)瀑布不僅在遠(yuǎn)處就可以看到，而且它的聲音可以在兩英里外聽到。
go off　(爆竹、鈴等)響；爆炸；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；(食物)變壞；離去　
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中g(shù)o off的含義
①It is strange that he should go off without saying goodbye.離開
②It is so hot that the milk has gone off.變質(zhì)
③She was watching TV when the door bell went off.(門鈴)響
④Suddenly, all the lights in the building went off. 熄滅
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤隨著時(shí)間的推移，一切都會(huì)好起來的。
Everything will get easier as__time__goes__by．
⑥住宅價(jià)格上漲，本地人買不起那兒的房子。
The price of homes goes__up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.

go against　　　　　　 反對(duì)，違背；不利于
go ahead 開始；進(jìn)行
go by 逝去；過去
go over 復(fù)習(xí)
go through 瀏覽；經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查
go out 熄滅
go up (價(jià)格等)上升
[佳句背誦] ①When the bomb went off, most of the villagers were asleep.
當(dāng)炸彈爆炸的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)村民在睡夢(mèng)中。
②Our teacher asked us to go over the language points before the exams come.
老師要求我們?cè)诳荚囍皬?fù)習(xí)一下知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
take up　站好位置以備……；拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)；繼續(xù)；從事于；接受
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中take up的含義
①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用
②(陜西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.開始從事
③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.繼續(xù)
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受

take in　　 欺騙；理解；領(lǐng)悟；吸收
take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)；從事
take over 掌管，控制；取代
take off 休息；起飛；突然成功；在(某段)休假　
[詞塊助記] take up a new job　從事新的工作
take over the job as a manager 接任經(jīng)理一職
take on a new look 呈現(xiàn)出嶄新面貌
take off on time 正點(diǎn)起飛
at the moment　此刻，目前；那時(shí)　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①But at the moment, school comes first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.
②(北京卷)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I will call him later.
③They are having a meeting, so you will have to wait for a moment.
④We must get ready, for the chairman will be back in a moment.

at any moment　 　 隨時(shí)，馬上
for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)
for a moment 一會(huì)兒
in a moment 馬上，過一會(huì)兒(常用于將來時(shí))
[佳句背誦] There’s no way we can afford to buy a house at the moment.
眼下我們無論如何也買不起房子。
come up with　趕上；提出，想出或找到(答案、想法等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(裝置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.
②(2017·浙江卷)Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel.
③I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))The project was raised at the meeting yesterday, and it attracted many people’s attention.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The project came__up/was__come__up__with at the meeting yesterday, attracting__many__people’s__attention．(分詞作狀語)

come about　　　　　 產(chǎn)生；發(fā)生
come across 偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)
come on 來吧；趕快；加油
come to 加起來總共；蘇醒
come up 走近；上升；被提出
when it comes to... 涉及；談到
[名師點(diǎn)津] come up的主語是物，表示“(計(jì)劃、建議、議題等)被提出”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而come up with主語是人或團(tuán)體組織，表示“(某人)提出”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語。

the＋序數(shù)詞＋n.＋to do sth.
(教材P9)I am always the first person to get to the office.
我總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)辦公室的人。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to__know(know)．
②As far as I know, Amy was the only person to__witness(witness) the car accident.
③The ability to__express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
④There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to__contact(contact) you failed.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2018·浙江卷6月)我能說一口流利的英語，我是班上第一個(gè)出國深造的學(xué)生。
I can speak fluent English and I am the__first__student__in__my__class__to__go__abroad for further study.

(1)當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾或前有the next, the only, the last等時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。
(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞，常見的有ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等?！?
[佳句背誦] I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.　我真的很想采訪楊利偉，因?yàn)樗粌H是第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的中國人，他也是世界上最偉大的宇航員之一。
so...that...如此……以至于……
(教材P14)Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.　通常地鐵很擁擠，我很難找到座位。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②a.(2018·天津卷)You have so much experience in such competitions that your participation will help us win an award.
b．There is so little rain this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The newly-built stadium is so big that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))So__big__is__the__newly-built__stadium__that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(倒裝)

(1)so＋that－clause
(2)such＋that－clause　
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)在so/such...that...句型中，當(dāng)so或such以及它們所修飾的部分位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。
(2)little既有“少”的意思，又有“小”的意思。當(dāng)“少”講時(shí)后接不可數(shù)名詞，用so修飾；當(dāng)“小”講時(shí)后接可數(shù)名詞，用such修飾。
the same...that...句型
(教材P15)We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.
我們和這個(gè)城市里在辦公室工作的人的上班時(shí)間不同。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
①This is the same bike that I lost the other day.
②At the party my workmate wore the same coat as I wore, which made me annoyed.
③It is just the same pen as I lost yesterday! I have been looking for it all day.as→that
④He is such a good teacher as we all love him.as→that
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤它是初學(xué)者很容易理解的那種英語。
It is such__easy__English__as__beginners can easily understand.

本句使用了the same...that...句型。先行詞之前有the same作定語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用that或as。
(1)the same(...)that...意為“和……一樣”，定語從句中that所指代的人或物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。
(2)the same(...)as...意為“和……一樣，和……相似”，定語從句中as所指代的人或物與先行詞是同一類?！?br /> [名師點(diǎn)津] such/so...as意為“像/諸如……的”時(shí)，as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，指代先行詞并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。而such/so...that...中that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不作成分。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．She couldn’t stand being__waken(wake) up by the noise outside at night.
2．In my opinion, a teacher shouldn’t show any preference(prefer) for anyone of his students.
3．We are aiming to build a peaceful(peace) school.I think it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
4．Studying abroad can be stressful(stress), because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time.
5．A great deal of money raised by the organisation(organise) has been donated to the school.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．Remember, when you switch on the television, you are switching off your child’s mind.
2．Heavy smokers are more likely to suffer from lung cancer.
3．We knew they would stand by us no matter what we’d done.
4．The train was so crowded that we had to stand.
5．It’s a science program on the origin of the universe.I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．A customer phoned the manager yesterday, complained about the poor service of the hotel. complained→complaining
2．Generally speaking，she prefers staying at home to go shopping on Sundays. go→going
3．Bill won’t go to the concert with me because he hated rock’n’ roll.hated→hates
4．The bus was such crowded with so many passengers that I could hardly find a seat to sit on. such→so
5．The girl wept because she couldn’t stand finish so much work in a single day. finish→finishing
維度四　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．(2018·浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
忍受
2．Accustomed to the climate in the countryside，the old couple prefer not to move to the city.更喜歡
3．(2019·江蘇卷)Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels，and for making the right career choices at the individual level.設(shè)計(jì)
4．Having a large family to support, he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.供養(yǎng)
5．According to the airline rules, we suggest you(should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding.關(guān)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
Tom is very busy 1.at the moment, because working for the company takes 2.up most of his time. In his opinion, life is 3.filled(fill) with challenges and chances 4.designed(design) for those hard-working people, so he prefers 5.to__work(work) in the company rather than take part in some social 6.activities(activity)．
Every day, the moment his alarm clock 7.goes(go) off, he gets up immediately and starts his busy day. He is always the first one 8.to__get(get) to the office and the last to leave. Even after work, he often takes his documents home so 9.that he can deal with them. He seldom watches TV because he is tired of the TV series. In order to improve himself, he spends his spare time on the distant 10.learning(learn) on the Internet.
At present, as a manager of the sales department, he often says that he couldn’t have achieved so much without the support from his parents, relatives and good friends.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①過去湯姆放學(xué)回家，總是把電視打開。
Tom used__to__switch__on__TV after he returned home from school.
②看電視花去了他大部分的業(yè)余時(shí)間，這使他患了近視。
Watching TV took__up__most__of__his__spare__time and that made__him__suffer__from short-sightedness.
③意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題之后，他決心半年不看電視，這對(duì)他來說是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
After he recognized this problem, he decided not to watch TV for half a year, which__was__a__challenge__for__him．
④在家人的支持下，他的諾言變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
With__his__family’s__support,__his promise came true.
⑤看到他的進(jìn)步，他的父母心中充滿了自豪。
Seeing his progress, his parents were__filled__with__pride．
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用非限制性定語從句升級(jí)句②
Watching__TV__took__up__most__of__his__spare__time,__which__made__him__suffer__from__short-sightedness.
⑦用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語升級(jí)句③
Recognizing__this__problem,__he__decided__not__to__watch__TV__for__half__a__year,__which__was__a__challenge__for__him.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：however)
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One possible version：
Tom used to switch on TV after he returned home from school. Watching TV took up most of his spare time, which made him suffer from short-sightedness. Recognizing this problem, he decided not to watch TV for half a year, which was a challenge for him. However, with his family’s support, his promise came true. Seeing his progress, his parents were filled with pride.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)
Rich as a King
WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水馬桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草機(jī)). How did he get__by?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You’d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要通過同富有的古人對(duì)比啟迪讀者：生活沒有必要攀比，要知足常樂。
1．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Succeed as a king.
B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way.
D．Get some extra money.
C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content.”，并結(jié)合對(duì)第一段第二句的理解：沒有現(xiàn)代這些便利的生活設(shè)備，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得稱心如意呢？由此可推知，畫線短語表示“以一種令人滿意的方式生活”，故選C。
2．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A．3.　　　　　　　　　 B．4.
C．5. D．6.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對(duì)第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活對(duì)比中作者列舉了四個(gè)歷史人物，他們分別是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。
3．According to the passage, the author intends to ________．
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
A　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題Rich as a King，并結(jié)合對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，作者通過古今生活對(duì)比，告訴我們要知足常樂。
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards life?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
B　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后兩段，尤其是最后一段最后兩句“I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者對(duì)生活持樂觀的態(tài)度。
B
(2020·滁州高三質(zhì)檢)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energy-consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè)) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生態(tài))．
Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?
While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.
To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn’t necessarily better.
But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why don’t they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human-sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others’ suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human-sized brain.
Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化知識(shí)積累的共同作用決定的；大腦并非越大越好，如果大腦過大，則人類將無法適應(yīng)社交活動(dòng)。
5．In most people’s view, what makes human evolve large brains?
A．Social challenges.
B．Social and ecological challenges.
C．Ecological challenges.
D．Competition with other large animals.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.”并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認(rèn)為棘手的社交活動(dòng)是人類大腦進(jìn)化的動(dòng)力，故A項(xiàng)正確。
6．What’s the problem of the common approach?
A．Its model is not reliable enough.
B．It doesn’t tell the cause and effect clearly.
C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.
D．It doesn’t find brain size is connected with problems.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究方法無法解釋清楚大腦進(jìn)化的原因和影響，故B項(xiàng)正確。
7．Why don’t many animals have large brains?
A．They don’t learn from each other.
B．They don’t face hard ecological problems.
C．They don’t need to cooperate with each other.
D．They don’t keep learning tough skills as they grow.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句“Why don’t they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human-sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，只有當(dāng)個(gè)體在成長(zhǎng)過程中不斷學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能時(shí)，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會(huì)影響人類特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可推知，動(dòng)物在成長(zhǎng)過程中并沒有持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能，所以動(dòng)物沒有大的大腦，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?
A．Animals don’t have large brains.
B．Social challenges decrease brain size.
C．Ecological challenges increase brain size.
D．It’s unclear whether human brains will expand further.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，與主流觀點(diǎn)及我們自己的預(yù)期相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenberg’s __1__ changed. One day his vision “__2__ up” and later he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes. __3__， the surgery didn’t work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so __4__ that he refused to see anyone.
As Greenberg’s best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and __5__ to be his “reader”. Arthur read __6__ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg __7__ scoring straight A’s. Still, he was __8__ about getting alone and relied on his friend.
Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldn’t __9__ him because of an appointment. Greenberg __10__. They argued, and Arthur walked off, __11__ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal. Greenberg, who was completely __12__， stumbled(蹣跚而行) through the rush-hour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he __13__ at the Columbia University stop.
At the gate of the university, someone __14__ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir.” Greenberg __15__ the voice. It was Arthur’s. Greenberg’s first reaction was __16__， but in the next second, he realized what he had just __17__ and realized, too, who had made it possible. __18__， Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most __19__ strategies.
Blindness doesn’t make Greenberg fail to appreciate the __20__ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　Greenberg是哥倫比亞大學(xué)的一名優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿見任何人。幸運(yùn)的是，在好朋友Arthur的幫助下，他克服了困難，重新找到了生活的美好。
1．A.faith　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)ttitude
C．fortune D．reputation
C　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此處表示Greenberg的命運(yùn)(fortune)發(fā)生了變化。故正確答案為C。
2．A.lit B．steamed
C．cleared D．cheered
B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“and later he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的視力變得模糊。故正確答案為B。
3．A.Otherwise B．Moreover
C．Therefore D．However
D　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes.”和空后的“the surgery didn’t work”可知，前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。However “但是，然而”符合語境。故正確答案為D。otherwise“否則”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore “因此，所以”。
4．A.shy B．desperate
C．selfish D．nervous
B　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Greenberg was going blind.”可知，他是如此絕望(desperate)以至于拒絕見任何人。故正確答案為B。
5．A.offered B．pretended
C．happened D．learned
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Arthur read ______ to him every day, taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur說服Greenberg回到哥倫比亞大學(xué)，并主動(dòng)提出(offered)成為他的“閱讀器”。故正確答案為A。
6．A.letters B．newspapers
C．textbooks D．magazines
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Greenberg ______ scoring straight A’s”并結(jié)合語境可推知，Arthur應(yīng)該是給Greenberg讀課本(textbooks)。故正確答案為C。
7．A.ended up B．carried on
C．imagined D．considered
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在Arthur的幫助下，Greenberg最終取得了全優(yōu)的成績(jī)。end up “最后處于” 符合語境。故正確答案為A。
8．A.curious B．confident
C．excited D．tentative
D　解析：根據(jù)本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他對(duì)獨(dú)處感到猶豫。tentative “猶豫的”符合語境，故正確答案為D。
9．A.abandon B．rescue
C．comfort D．a(chǎn)ccompany
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因?yàn)橛屑s會(huì)而無法陪同(accompany)他。故正確答案為D。abandon “拋棄，丟棄”；rescue “營(yíng)救”；comfort “安慰”。
10．A.compromised B．panicked
C．explained D．a(chǎn)pologized
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Greenberg還沒有做好獨(dú)處的準(zhǔn)備，當(dāng)Arthur無法陪同他時(shí)，他感到驚慌失措。故正確答案為B。compromise “妥協(xié)”；explain “解釋”；apologize “道歉”。
11．A.leaving B．finding
C．consulting D．serving
A　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg獨(dú)自留在(leaving)紐約中央車站。故正確答案為A。
12．A.tired B．a(chǎn)mused
C．confused D．satisfied
C　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，對(duì)Arthur將他獨(dú)自留下，他感到很困惑。confused “困惑的，糊涂的”符合語境。故正確答案為C。
13．A.got off B．pulled over
C．looked around D．ran away
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥倫比亞大學(xué)站下了車。故正確答案為A。
14．A.turned to B．shouted at
C．knocked into D．quarreled with
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Oops, excuse me, sir.”可推知，有人撞到了(knocked into)Greenberg。故正確答案為C。
15．A.raised B．lost
C．controlled D．recognized
D　解析：根據(jù)下文“It was Arthur’s.”可知，Greenberg認(rèn)出了(recognized)Arthur的聲音。故正確答案為D。
16．A.anger B．pleasure
C．relief D．sorrow
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Arthur之前將他獨(dú)自留下，現(xiàn)在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反應(yīng)應(yīng)是憤怒(anger)。故正確答案為A。
17．A.missed B．questioned
C．ignored D．a(chǎn)chieved
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“and realized, too, who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg意識(shí)到他這次能獨(dú)自回到學(xué)校而不用依靠Arthur，這是之前他一直猶豫而沒敢去做的事情。故正確答案為D。
18．A.Gradually B．Finally
C．Obviously D．Strangely
C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most ______ strategies”可推知，很明顯(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一種最巧妙的(brilliant)計(jì)策。故正確答案為C。
19．A.brilliant B．familiar
C．defensive D．complex
A　解析：參見上題解析。familiar “熟悉的”； defensive “防御的”；complex “復(fù)雜的”。
20．A.magic B．beauty
C．wisdom D．truth
B　解析：根據(jù)全文以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣賞生活的美好(beauty)。故正確答案為B。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇語法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·平頂山名校模擬)When I was three years old, I couldn’t speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.
One day, I was shadowing(尾隨) my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouth’s movements until I formed a word.
It turned out that I’m deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but I’ve never lived in a state of self-hating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. That’s my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.
People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’t. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.
Owning a hearing aid hasn’t always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show and tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “Aren’t those for old men？” At that moment, I felt different. It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.
But it’s not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hard-of-hearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.
And with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky. I’m deaf, but I can still hear everything. I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, I’m even superhuman.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了作者積極應(yīng)對(duì)自己聽力障礙的勵(lì)志故事。
1．How does the author view his hearing difficulty?
A．It’s a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.
B．It gave him a chance to experience something special.
C．It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.
D．It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)第三段的整體理解，尤其是最后一句“That’s my reality when I sleep on my ‘good ear’， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知，聽力障礙讓作者有了與眾不同的體驗(yàn)，與最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”呼應(yīng)，故選B。
2．What can be inferred from the passage about the author?
A．He was born deaf.
B．He is optimistic and helpful.
C．His family and classmates have supported him a lot.
D．The hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my ‘bad ear’， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’t.”和對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，助聽器給作者的生活帶來了諸多便利，故選D。
3．What is the author’s attitude towards his life?
A．Grateful.　　　　　　　　 B．Anxious.
C．Excited. D．Disappointed.
A　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky.” 和第四句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可推知，作者對(duì)自己的生活充滿感激之情，故選A。
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To give advice on life to disabled people.
B．To show how difficult life is for disabled people.
C．To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.
D．To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.
C　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的整體理解可知，本文主要講述了作者積極應(yīng)對(duì)聽力障礙的勵(lì)志故事，故選C。
B
(2020·信陽高三調(diào)研)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. But in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not. Why is that?
According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.
In order to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment. In the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.
The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.
“The medial prefrontal cortex(額葉皮層) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily. He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，眨眼并不會(huì)錯(cuò)過細(xì)節(jié)并解釋了其原因。
5．We don’t miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________．
A．deal with the missing image
B．remember all that we see
C．imagine what our eyes miss
D．put our pieces of memory together
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.” 可知，根據(jù)九月份發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)新研究，我們的大腦有能力跳過我們眨眼時(shí)形成的暫時(shí)黑暗。據(jù)此可推知，由于我們的大腦能處理丟失的圖像，所以眨眼不會(huì)讓我們錯(cuò)過任何東西，故A項(xiàng)正確。
6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Our brain.　　　　　　　
B．Visual information.
C．Current Biology.
D．The temporary darkness.
B　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.”可知，大腦可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)保存視覺信息，然后將其組合在一起形成不中斷的圖像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B項(xiàng)正確。
7．What do we know about the experiment?
A．The two patterns appear at the same time.
B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.
C．Participants can interpret patterns differently.
D．The different directions activated visual memory.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，當(dāng)兩個(gè)模式的方向不一致時(shí)，掌握視覺記憶的大腦區(qū)域則被激活；當(dāng)兩種模式在同一方向時(shí)，這個(gè)區(qū)域則顯示出較少的活動(dòng)。據(jù)此可知，不同的方向能激活視覺記憶，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Brain’s Structure
B．The Brain’s Activated Patterns
C．The Brain’s Special Skill
D．The Brain’s Orientation
C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究。研究表明，眨眼不會(huì)錯(cuò)過細(xì)節(jié)并解釋了其原因，即大腦有能力在短時(shí)間內(nèi)保存視覺信息，然后將其組合在一起形成不中斷的圖像信息。故C項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·重慶質(zhì)量抽測(cè))
Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature
Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives, even if you live in the city.
Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent’s excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1.________. “I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.
2．________. If you have to carpool(拼車) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.
Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and well-being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. 3.________， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.
Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天體觀察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. 4.________．
Plant a small garden. 5.________. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.
A．Limit electronic devices while driving
B．Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to
C．If you want to raise your healthy and well-balanced children
D．If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables
E．It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness
F．If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community
G．Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了讓孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“‘I don’t know! Let’s find out together.’ is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling.”，并與上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示鼓勵(lì)孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的問題，從而引起孩子的好奇心，故選B項(xiàng)。
2．A　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“If you have to carpool (拼車) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.”可推知，開車時(shí)關(guān)掉電子設(shè)備，多看看窗外也是一種與自然接觸的方式，故選A項(xiàng)。
3．C　解析：承接上文“Time in nature is an essential inves-tment in your children’s health and well-being.”和空后的“nurturing creativity...as parents”可推知，如果想要培養(yǎng)出健康、明智的孩子，培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造性和好奇心也是作為父母的責(zé)任，故選C項(xiàng)。
4．G　解析：根據(jù)上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可推知，和孩子一起觀察星空能夠加深孩子對(duì)自然界的理解，與G項(xiàng)呼應(yīng)，故選G項(xiàng)。
5．D　解析：承接上文“Plant a small garden.”，并與下文“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處作者建議父母開辟一個(gè)小菜園，幫孩子種些蔬菜，一起見證它們生長(zhǎng)的奇跡，故選D項(xiàng)。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·合肥重點(diǎn)高中摸底)I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.__________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.____________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.____________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了作者通過一次演講克服了自己的恐懼心理，增強(qiáng)了自信。
1．terribly　解析：考查副詞。修飾形容詞一般用副詞，故用副詞terribly修飾形容詞shy，在句中作狀語。
2．to prepare　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。have no choice but to do sth.為固定用法，意為“除了做某事，別無選擇”，符合語境，故此處用不定式形式。
3．which　解析：考查關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語，指代“to draft the speech”，故填which。
4．lay　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，故此處用動(dòng)詞的過去式，故填lay。
5．was forbidden　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。forbid和句子的形式主語it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
6．trembling　解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！皐ith＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋賓補(bǔ)”為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此處my legs和tremble構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
7．myself　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己恢復(fù)原狀”，應(yīng)為“found myself back”，故填反身代詞myself。
8．what　解析：考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，表示“……的東西”，故用what引導(dǎo)該賓語從句。
9．confidence　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知，此處用名詞形式，故填confidence。
10．greatest　解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境和空前的定冠詞the以及空后的名詞difficulty可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填greatest。

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