2021版高考英語（譯林版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案必修5課時提能練27-28-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

必修5　Unit 2　The environment
課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Traffic is bad，particularly (particular) in the city centre.
2．You'd better go home before your money runs out.
3．I'd appreciate it if you could tell me more about the activity.
4．The little boy impressed me with his big，bright eyes the first time I saw him.
5．Because she is under age，her parents still take the responsibility(responsible) for her.
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．When I came in，I saw my son sitting under the tree，absorbing in his video games.absorbing→absorbed
2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measured over 90 meters.measured→measuring
3．Many teachers hold a belief which extended studying time doesn't necessarily improve their students' grades.which→that
4．The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.
operate后加on
5．Our food has been run out，so we must go to the market before our guests arrive.去掉been
Ⅲ.語境語法填空
People are having a debate about whether 1.to_develop (develop) the economy or protect the environment.2.In Lin Shuiqing's opinion，3.it is our duty to cut back on 4.production (produce) and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy. 5.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their 6.responsibilities(responsibility)，either.As far as he is concerned，the people 7.operating (operate) these factories are 8.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and 9.should_be_given(give) more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 10.higher(high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．她專心忙家務(wù)，所以沒有注意到兒子離開房間。
She was_so_absorbed_in_her_housework that she didn't notice her son leave the room.
2．當(dāng)天氣變得太熱時，我就不喜歡了。
I don't like_it_when the weather gets too hot.
3．教室的前面是一個操場，我們每天早上在那里做早操。
In_front_of_the_classroom_is a playground where we do morning exercises every morning.
4．這家汽車廠現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是五年前的三倍。
The car factory can produce three_times_what_it_did five years ago.
5．你吃得越多，就會越胖。
The__more you eat，the fatter you will be.
課時作業(yè)B：能力層面
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·福建三校第一學(xué)期聯(lián)考)I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September，full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher.I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great，or so I thought.At 4 am and at several intervals after that，I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.
In the following weeks，I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line，bowls，cups，the shower，doors or glass shelves.Yes，I am clumsy but things just fell apart.If it wasn't broken，it would either be dirty or missing.Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting.When I took out my clothes，they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.
As for the general lack of equipment in the house，there was no oven，tin opener，sharp knives or potato peeler.It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea.I had a small microwave and a grill.I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on.Smoke soon started to appear.I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door，the electricity cut out.I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark，smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone，which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.
Luckily，I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned.No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break)．I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty，it doesn't mean its contents work.I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited，broken utensils(用具)．
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇比ノ靼嘌赖囊粋€漂亮的小島上做英語老師。雖然所住的公寓里面的生活用具很老舊，“我”還是學(xué)會了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。
1．What problem did the author have in the morning?
A．She often slept late.
B．Her alarm failed to work.
C．She got some noisy neighbors.
D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.
D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“At 4 am and at several intervals after that，I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me”可知，凌晨四點開始，每隔一會兒，作者就被對面公雞的打鳴聲吵醒。據(jù)此可知，作者的睡眠被公雞打鳴聲打擾了，故D項正確。]
2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2?
A．She was a very careful woman.
B．She was quite satisfied with her flat.
C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable.
D．Her household articles were in poor condition.
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line，bowls，cups，the shower，doors or glass shelves”可知，作者所住的房子的東西每天損壞一件。據(jù)此可推知，作者所使用的日常用品很破舊，故D項正確。]
3．What happened when the author was making a burger?
A．She was seriously injured.
B．She made a terrible mistake.
C．She broke her phone accidentally.
D．She suffered a sudden power failure.
B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I had a small microwave and a grill.I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on.Smoke soon started to appear”，并結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，作者將金屬烤架放進微波爐里，啟動后發(fā)生了故障，電源被切斷。據(jù)此可推知，作者在制作漢堡時犯了個錯誤，故B項正確。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Remaining optimistic.
B．How to choose a nice flat.
C．Learning to live in a new flat.
D．Why living abroad is not easy.
C　[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章尾段尾句“I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited，broken utensils(用具)”是全文的主題句。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過講述作者在西班牙的一個小島上做英語老師時如何使用住房內(nèi)的破舊日常用品生活的故事，說明了應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會適應(yīng)生活的道理，故C項正確。]
B
(2019·長沙市統(tǒng)一模擬)Two deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd's car.She put on the brake，stopping the car just in time.But later，she started texting.Distracted，Amanda turned left and right，then crashed into another car.Luckily，she wasn't in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模擬器) at Roosevelt High School，Ohio，US.“I never really realized that cars make a turn that much，” Amanda，a junior，said.She added that she wouldn't text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school.They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk，texting，or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，distracted driving claimed 3,450 lives in 2016 alone.Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program.Like many computer games，it was a hit with the students.They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns.The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盤)，brake and gas pedal(油門)．It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction，such as driving while drunk or texting.They always crash，of course.Then，they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they've caused，what their fine is，if anyone died in the accident，and if they're going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson,16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far.He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility，so take it seriously，” he said.“Put away your cellphone.A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving.It can not only change your life，but change someone else's life forever.The results are serious.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一個駕駛模擬器。學(xué)生通過操作這個駕駛模擬器可以增強交通安全意識。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author's point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A　[推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段講述了一個事例，然后通過這個事例引出了本文的話題，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者寫第一段的目的是引出文章的主題。]
6．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students' ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk，texting，or talking on the phone”可知，他們想要幫助學(xué)生了解駕車時醉酒、發(fā)短信或者打電話的危害，故選D。]
7．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students' interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program.Like many computer games，it was a hit with the students”可知，這個駕駛模擬器實質(zhì)上是一個電腦程序，和許多電腦游戲一樣，它很受學(xué)生們的歡迎，引起了學(xué)生們的興趣，故選C。]
8．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio，US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C　[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一個駕駛模擬器，學(xué)生通過操作它可以增強交通安全意識，故選C。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·沈陽市教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates.They had two arms.He had one.
It started when one boy __1__him，said his mother，Lewis.He'd return to his home with questions：“Why am I __2__ ? Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy __3__ to his heart.
Lewis __4__ she didn't know what to do at that point.A few weeks later，Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader，Trashaun，becoming an Internet hit after __5__ videos of his slam dunks(灌籃)，and，like Jayce，he __6__ most of his left arm.Lewis called Jayce in.To her surprise，Jayce was immediately __7__.At the time，it seemed that watching Trashaun was __8__ an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar __9__.If it had stayed just that，Lewis would have been happy enough.But little did she know that a family friend had already __10__ to the newspaper to help set up a __11__ with Trashaun to build Jayce's confidence.
The boys met and instantly __12__ with each other as both of them were in the same condition.They rode bikes，took photos，and played basketball on the court.Instead of spending the whole day feeling __13__ for themselves，they had a lot of fun.However，Trashaun did get __14__ with Jayce sometimes.They talked about his left arm.He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made.He also told him not to let anyone __15__ him and not to let those words shake his __16__.
Since that meeting，Lewis has seen a noticeable __17__ in her son.As for Trashaun，his relationship with Jayce made him __18__ to help more kids.“Honestly，it __19__ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，” Trashaun says. Still，he never dreamed that his __20__ would have such an impact.“I just thought my friends would see them，and be like，‘Oh，he dunked it！’”
He certainly did.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Trashaun幫助Jayce重拾信心的故事。
1．A.supported B．teased
C．cheated D．pleased
B　[根據(jù)第一段可知，Jayce在幼兒園時注意到自己和同班同學(xué)不一樣，因為他只有一只胳膊，結(jié)合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy ________ to his heart”可推知，此處是說Jayce因為缺少一只胳膊而被一個男孩嘲笑(teased)，故選B。]
2．A.lonely B．silly
C．different D．ordinary
C　[根據(jù)語境可知，Jayce不明白自己為什么與別人不同(different)，故選C。]
3．A.duty B．breath
C．debt D．blow
D　[根據(jù)上文Jayce被嘲笑并結(jié)合語境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不僅讓Jayce很難過，而且這對其心靈是一個沉重的打擊(blow)，故選D。]
4．A.argued B．promised
C．suspected D．a(chǎn)dmitted
D　[根據(jù)語境可推知，當(dāng)時Lewis承認(rèn)(admitted)她并不知道應(yīng)該做些什么(來幫助她的兒子)，故選D。]
5．A.downloading B．posting
C．buying D．watching
B　[根據(jù)語境可知，Trashaun把自己的灌籃視頻發(fā)布(posting)到網(wǎng)上后走紅，故選B。]
6．A.lost B．hurt
C．used D．recovered
A　[根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ike Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并結(jié)合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可知，Trashaun的境況和Jayce一樣，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故選A。]
7．A.satisfied B．confused
C．bored D．a(chǎn)ttracted
D　[根據(jù)下文中的“At the time，it seemed that watching Trashaun was ________ an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故選D。]
8．A.hardly B．simply
C．still D．never
B　[根據(jù)下文中的“If it had stayed just that，Lewis would have been happy enough”可推知，當(dāng)時看Trashaun(的視頻)對Jayce來說只(simply)是一個鼓舞人心的時刻，故選B。]
9．A.response B．family
C．problem D．education
C　[根據(jù)語境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此處指他們兩個有類似的問題，故選C。]
10．A.reached out B．looked out
C．got out D．turned out
A　[根據(jù)語境可知，Lewis的一位朋友已經(jīng)聯(lián)系了報社來幫助安排Jayce和Trashaun的會面(meeting)，從而增強Jayce的自信心，故選A。]
11．A.game B．fighting
C．trap D．meeting
D　[參見上題解析。]
12．A.bonded B．competed
C．parted D．raced
A　[根據(jù)下文中的“They rode bikes，took photos，and played basketball on the court”可推知，兩個男孩擁有相同的境況，很快建立了互信關(guān)系。bond with sb.“建立(與某人的)互信關(guān)系”，為固定搭配，故選A。]
13．A.happy B．grateful
C．sorry D．fearful
C　[根據(jù)語境“Instead of”可推知，此處與下文的“fun”形成對比，故選C。]
14．A.angry B．serious
C．tough D．familiar
B　[根據(jù)空前的“However”與下文中的“They talked about his left arm”可推知，Trashaun有時也會和Jayce有嚴(yán)肅的時刻，他們會談?wù)撍淖蟾觳?，故選B。]
15．A.approach B．comfort
C．discourage D．leave
C　[根據(jù)語境可推知，此處是Trashaun在鼓勵Jayce，告訴他不要讓任何人使自己氣餒(discourage)，也不要讓其他人的話動搖自己的信心(confidence)，故選C。]
16．A.confidence B．patience
C．sadness D．honesty
A　[參見上題解析。]
17．A.advantage B．scar
C．drawback D．change
D　[根據(jù)下文“‘Honestly，it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says” 可推知，自從那次會面后，Jayce發(fā)生了顯著的變化，故選D。]
18．A.expect B．a(chǎn)gree
C．hesitate D．refuse
A　[根據(jù)下文中的“‘Honestly，it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says”可推知，通過和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改變了Jayce，這讓他期望(expect)能夠幫助更多的孩子，故選A。]
19．A.cares B．means
C．saves D．takes
B　[結(jié)合上題解析可推知，了解到自己改變了Jayce對Trashaun來講意義重大，故選B。]
20．A.attitudes B．words
C．videos D．disabilities
C　[根據(jù)下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them，and be like，‘Oh，he dunked it！’”可推知，此處指的是Trashaun之前上傳到網(wǎng)上的視頻，故選C。]
課時提能練(二十八)
必修5　Unit 2　The environment
課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面
Ⅰ.語境語法填空
A
With the 1.development(develop) of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.It's time that we 2.should_take/took(take) measures to protect it.Firstly，it's very important to develop our sense of 3.responsibility (responsible)．
Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it.Secondly，we should try to change our way of life.Thirdly，recycle the things that have been used.Above all，we should try our best to cut back on 4.pollution(pollute) of the environment in order to live a better life.
B
People are having a debate about 1.whether to develop the economy or protect the environment.In Lin Shuiqing's opinion，it is our duty 2.to_cut (cut) back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their 3.responsibilities (responsibility) either.As far as he 4.is_concerned (concern)，the people operating these factories are 5.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and we should give them more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 6.higher (high) price for things that are 7.friendly (friend) to the environment.
Ⅱ.語境短文改錯
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
As the third long river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China or abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population has meant that the amount of water taking from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people whom rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the important of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal about the problem.Because this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river would be appreciated for years to come.
[答案]　
As the third river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population meant that the amount of water from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal the problem.Because this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river be appreciated for years to come.
Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子
1．計算機已經(jīng)改變了我們的工作和娛樂方式。(way引導(dǎo)定語從句)
Computers have changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_work_and_play.
2．如果下次的月考他還沒考好，他將會怎么樣呢？(what if)
What_if he fails in the next monthly examination again?
3．快點——我們剩下的時間不多了。(run out of)
Hurry up—we are_running_out_of_time.
4．每個人都穿著他們最好的衣服，渴望給我們留下好的印象。(impression)
Everyone was dressed in their best clothes，eager to make_a_good_impression _on us.
課時作業(yè)B：能力層面
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·大連市一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator (模擬裝置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said.“Whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.”
【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek接受挑戰(zhàn)，設(shè)計太空站的情況。
1．Dobek first became interested in space when ________.
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek對太空感興趣是從她在三年級時的一個晚上觀看一次月食開始的。]
2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________.
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對Dobek很了解，對其可以接受這項挑戰(zhàn)并出色完成充滿信心。]
3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計包含身體和休閑活動，讓宇航員在太空中也感到舒適。]
B
(2019·長春市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)I was waiting for my train and on the subway station's floor was a man just sitting there.I looked around and nobody stopped so I just went my way.After a few steps，I turned and asked him whether he needed help.He told me his house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there.So I reached for his hand to help him stand up.
He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk，so I asked him to take the elevator.Even though my mind was trying to turn the danger lights on，I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator.
We arrived on the platform with no incidents.The man's knees seemed to soften，so I asked him to rest on a bench.While sitting there，he thanked me，telling me that I saved him.No，I said，I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet.
At the next station，we said our goodbyes.Before I knew it，he left 100 dollars and dashed out of the train.There was no way to give him back his money.I wanted to leave it on the seat，but a young woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note.
My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended.Then I thought he just wanted to thank me，the best way he knew how.Now，my question is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在地鐵站臺看到有個醉漢坐在地上，于是把對方攙扶起來并陪他坐上地鐵。臨下車的時候?qū)Ψ饺o作者一百美元，作者準(zhǔn)備用這筆錢繼續(xù)幫助別人。
4．Why was the man sitting on the subway station's floor?
A．Because he wanted to go home.
B．Because he was seriously ill.
C．Because he was drunk.
D．Because he was waiting for the train.
C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，這個人坐在地鐵站的地上是因為喝醉了。]
5．Seeing the money left by the man，the author first felt ________.
A．a(chǎn)shamed　　　　　　 B．grateful
C．delighted D．frustrated
A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到這筆錢最初的反應(yīng)是感到羞愧，因此選A。]
6．How will the author possibly deal with the money?
A．Give it back.
B．Buy something favorable.
C．Leave it on the seat.
D．Give it to people in need.
D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后一句“Now，my question is...do with these 100 dollars”可推知，作者下一步要用這筆錢去幫助他人，因此選D。]
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．I helped the man the moment I saw him.
B．I accompanied the man to take the stairs.
C．I thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at first.
D．A young woman ran after me and gave me the note.
C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，作者先是把不應(yīng)該單獨與這個醉漢同行的念頭趕走，并在電梯里陪著他，因此C項正確。]
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2019·湖南省六校聯(lián)考)
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical，psychological，and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants.These“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea.As space trips become longer，it will be necessary to grow food in space.__1__ Because of this，it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey，only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.They can provide more fresh things.__2__ Also，plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen.They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe.
__3__ Due to the lack of gravity in space，the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air.Without gravity，roots don't“know”to grow down，leaves don't “know” to grow up，and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves.__4__ Besides，soil is too heavy to send to space，and special liquid gels(凝膠) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves.They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.__5__ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people，saving transportation costs.Similarly，plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply.With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B．However，there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了宇航員在太空種植果蔬的原因、好處以及方法。
1．D　[空后是說將所有所需東西帶上太空是不切合實際的；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹空后一句的原因；故D項“帶任何東西到太空的花費大約是每千克22 000美元”符合語境。]
2．F　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，植物可以為宇航員提供新鮮的東西；根據(jù)空后一句可知，植物還可以改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量，因為其可以產(chǎn)生氧氣；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹太空種植植物的好處，即宇航員也喜歡在他們的飲食中有新鮮的果蔬食物，故F項正確。]
3．B　[上文介紹了太空種植的好處，即為宇航員提供新鮮的果蔬、改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量等；結(jié)合下文可知，種植太空果蔬有一定的困難；據(jù)此可知，空處承上啟下，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故B項正確。]
4．E　[根據(jù)上文可知，在失重的情況下，植物的根和葉不知道如何生長，水分也不容易從根部傳到葉子上；而空后一句介紹了關(guān)于土壤的解決方法；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹解決上述問題的方法，故E項“正在研制專門的容器去幫助植物正確地生長”符合語境。]
5．C　[根據(jù)空前一句可知，科學(xué)家們正在尋找各種讓植物少使用水，在太空快速生長，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物對地球的影響；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說明這些方法可以在地球上運用以帶來改善，故C項正確。]
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·貴陽市適應(yīng)性考試一)China's space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1.________(so-call) dark side of the moon.The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth.It shows small craters and 2.________empty surface that appears to be 3.________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China's 5.________(grow) desire to compete with the American，Russian and European space 6.________(program)．China also wants to strengthen 7.________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science.He told the Associated Press，“8.________ the whole，China's space technology still falls behind the West，but with the landing on the far side of the moon，we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars，Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future.“There's no doubt 9.________ our nation will go farther and farther，”he said.
In 2013，Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976.The United States is the only country that has 10.________ (success) sent a person to the moon.But China is considering a crewed mission，as well.
For now，China plants to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述“嫦娥四號”登陸月球背面介紹了中國的太空探索發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。
1．so-called　[考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞so-called 修飾dark side，作定語。]
2．a(chǎn)n　[冠詞。surface是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且empty的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。]
3．lit/lighted　[考查動詞的語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的介詞“by”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。]
4．has lived　[考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代a subject，在從句中作主語，故此處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；且根據(jù)時間狀語for thousands of years可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has lived。]
5．growing　[考查形容詞。growing 是形容詞，意為“增長的”，在句中作定語，修飾名詞desire。]
6．programs　[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。program是可數(shù)名詞，且其前無限定詞修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填programs。]
7．its　[考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞position。]
8．On　[考查介詞。on the whole是固定搭配，意為“大體上”，符合語境，故填介詞On。]
9．that　[考查固定用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定用法There is no doubt that，意為“毫無疑問”，符合語境，故填that。]
10．successfully　[考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞successfully修飾其后的動詞sent，在句子中作狀語。]
Ⅳ.短文改錯
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
(2019·湖北省八市聯(lián)考)Many traditional arts were losing nowadays，because some of whom are being replaced by modern products.I feel extreme sorry about the losing arts.In my opinions，they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for the example.She is better at paper-cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to teaching me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant，but I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be keeping.
[答案]　
Many traditional arts losing nowadays，because some of are being replaced by modern products.I feel sorry about the losing arts.In my ， they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for the example.She is at paper-cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant， I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper-cutting should be .