一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√
sandstorm n．　　　　 campaign n.
forecast vt. mask n.
atmosphere n. chemical n.
garbage n. melt vi.
coastal adj. evidence n.
urgent adj. scary adj.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．mass adj.　　　　 大量的；大規(guī)模的
2．process n. 進(jìn)程；過程
3．citizen n. 公民；市民
4．a(chǎn)bsolutely adv. 絕對(duì)地；完全地
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．fright n. 害怕；恐懼→frightening adj.嚇人的；可怕的→frighten vt.使害怕→frightened adj.害怕的
2．dust n．沙塵；灰塵→dusty adj.滿是灰塵的
3．strong adj.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；強(qiáng)壯的→ strength n．力量；力氣→strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)→strongly adv.強(qiáng)有力地；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地
4．cycle vi.騎自行車；循環(huán)→cyclist n．騎自行車的人→ recycle v．重新利用；再循環(huán)
5．environment n．環(huán)境→environmental adj.環(huán)境的
6．pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染
7．concern n．& v．關(guān)心，擔(dān)心；影響，涉及→concerned adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的→ concerning prep.關(guān)于；涉及
8．major adj.主要的；多數(shù)的→majority n．大多數(shù)，多數(shù)
9．complain vi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaint n．抱怨
10．protect v．保護(hù)→protection n．保護(hù)

1.“可怕的”形容詞小結(jié)
①frightening　　　　 嚇人的
②scary 恐怖的
③terrible 可怕的
④horrible 恐怖的
⑤terrifying 令人驚恐的
2.前綴fore-表示“前面，預(yù)先”
①forecast v．　　　　 預(yù)報(bào)
②foretell v. 預(yù)言
③foresee v. 預(yù)見
④forehead n. 前額
⑤foreword n. 前言
3.后綴-th名詞集錦
①strength　　　　 力量
②length 長度
③warmth 溫暖
④truth 真理
⑤youth 青春
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．cut__down　　　　　　　 砍倒；削減
2．be__caught__in 突然遭遇(風(fēng)暴等)
3．one__after__another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地
4．have__a__bad__effect__on 對(duì)……有壞影響
5．take__in 吸收
6．give__out 放出；發(fā)出
7．in__a__nutshell 簡言之；概括地講
8．look__through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)檢查

1.in a nutshell同義短語小聚
①in a word　　　　　　 總之
②all in all 總之
③in short 總之
④in brief 總之
⑤in general 總體來說
2.由one after another想到的
①one by one　　　　　　　 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地
②one after the other 相繼地；一個(gè)接一個(gè)地
③from one ...to another 一個(gè)又一個(gè)
④one another 互相
⑤one and all 全都
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：so ... that ...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
They are often so__thick__that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
沙塵常常彌漫以至于你連太陽都看不見，風(fēng)力有時(shí)強(qiáng)到可以移動(dòng)沙丘。
句型2：“make it＋adj./n.＋to do...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語
The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes__it__difficult__to__see.
暴風(fēng)有時(shí)持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因?yàn)闈鉂獾膲m埃降低了能見度。
句型3：if引導(dǎo)省略的狀語從句
The garbage is then taken away and, if__possible,__recycled.
然后垃圾被運(yùn)走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞
1．The weatherman has forecast(預(yù)報(bào)) that it will stay hot for another 5 days.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月)Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength(實(shí)力；優(yōu)勢(shì))．
3．The company is starting a new advertising campaign(活動(dòng)) to attract new customers to its stores.
4．Economic development is both consistent with and contradictory to environment(環(huán)境)．
5．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons(表情符號(hào)) to send positive atmosphere(氣氛) or soften statements.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．Cycling is an absolutely(absolute) energy-saving means of transportation.
7．It’s time to have lunch, so I think there surely are masses(mass) of people in the dining room.
8．They tend to buy cheap processed(process) foods like canned chicken and hamburger.
9．To keep healthy, Professor Johnson took up cycling(cycle) as a kind of exercise after he retired.
10．With no one to turn to in such a frightening(frighten)situation, she felt very helpless.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.塊；堆
2．(2019·浙江卷6月) When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them. 騎自行車
3．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ) More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長處
4．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ) If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. 擔(dān)心；憂慮
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
cut down; one after another; take in; give out; in a nutshell; put... into...
It’s generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. They 1.take__in carbon dioxide and 2.give__out oxygen. 3.In__a__nutshell,__if we keep on 4.cutting__down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come 5.one__after__another．
be caught in; have a bad effect on; take away; look through; as a result of; wake up to
Nowadays the number of electric bikes is rising rapidly, which 6.has__a__bad__effect__on the road safety. Often we 7.are__caught__in the traffic jam 8.as__a__result__of electric bike drivers not obeying traffic rules. And if we 9.look__through newspapers, we can often see accidents caused by electric bikes.
Ⅳ.完成語段
We had planned to go outing , but 1.the__rain__was__so__heavy__that__we__had__to__abandon__the__previous__plan(雨那么大，以致我們只得放棄先前的計(jì)劃). Unfortunately, the rain lasted two days, 2.making__it__impossible__for__us__to__go__out(使得我們不可能出行). However, 3.if__possible(如果可能的話), we will go for a picnic next weekend.

strength　n．[U]力量，體力；[C]長處，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(湖北卷)To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.
②(2018·全國卷Ⅰ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to__strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
③(四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to__do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(浙江卷)練中國功夫不但能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，還能培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人的性情。
Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build__up__one’s__strength,__but also develop one’s character.

(1)have the strength to do　　 有做……的力氣/
意志力
build up one’s strength 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)
(2)strong adj. 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；強(qiáng)壯的
(3)strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng)　
[佳句背誦] Though I didn’t have the strength to climb any further, I finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.　雖然我沒有力氣爬得再高，但是我終于用盡全力爬上山頂，因?yàn)槲腋赣H一直鼓勵(lì)我。
[詞塊助記]
gather one’s strength　　　 積蓄力量
physical strength 體力
strength of will 意志力
strengthen our friendship 鞏固我們的友誼
concerned　adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的，有關(guān)的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a. (2018·全國卷Ⅱ) It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about/for increased screen time.
b．As we all know, parents focus their attention on their children’s study, because it is concerned with/in their future.
②Concerned(concern) about the health of her son, Mrs. Jackson went to the school to visit him every week.
③a.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)I’d like to share with you some information concerning(concern) Chinese table manners.
b．He asked several questions concerned(concern) with the future of the company.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))In my opinion, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. (2017·浙江卷11月)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))__As__far__as__I__am__concerned,__ you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.

(1)be concerned about/for　 關(guān)心；掛念
be concerned with/in 與……有關(guān)；參與；牽涉到
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n．& v. 關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；與……有關(guān)
show/express one’s concern about/for ...
對(duì)……表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心
(3)concerning prep. 有關(guān)；涉及　
[佳句背誦] The accident is not concerned with him. You needn’t be concerned about/for him.
這場意外事故和他沒有關(guān)系，你不必?fù)?dān)心他。
[名師點(diǎn)津] concerned 用作形容詞時(shí)意為“擔(dān)憂的；關(guān)心的”；用作后置定語時(shí)意為“相關(guān)的；有關(guān)的”。另外concerning 用作介詞時(shí)意為“關(guān)于；對(duì)于”。
[詞塊助記]
a major concern for teenagers
　　　　　　　　 青少年關(guān)注的一個(gè)主要問題
all individuals concerned 所有相關(guān)人員
complain　vi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷；訴說；控訴
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷) The students began complaining about/of how cold it would be.
②In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint(complain) to each other but understanding of each other.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③一些高中學(xué)生抱怨他們沒有時(shí)間閱讀，因?yàn)樗麄冇刑嗟募彝プ鳂I(yè)要做。
Some of the senior students complained__that__they__had__no__time__to__read because they had too much homework to do.

(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.
　　　　　 (向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事
complain (to sb.) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，牢騷，投訴
make a complaint to sb. about/of sth.
向某人抱怨某事　
[佳句背誦] He complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests.
他向我抱怨他已經(jīng)盡全力做了一切， 但是還是考試不及格。
cut down　砍倒；削減，縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量或數(shù)目)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中cut down的含義
①(湖北卷)The community college has to cut down on staff to save money. 裁減
②With more and more forests cut down, some animals are in danger of dying out.砍倒
③We need to cut the article down to 1，000 words.縮減
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(湖南卷)我當(dāng)時(shí)正跟瑪格麗特說話，杰克森打斷了我們。
I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson cut__in．

cut in　　　　 插嘴；打斷
cut off 切掉；切斷；(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))使隔絕
cut up 切碎　
[佳句背誦] As is known to us, smoking is harmful to our health.You’d better quit smoking or at least cut down the amount of smoking.
眾所周知，吸煙對(duì)我們的健康有害，你最好戒煙或者至少減少吸煙量。
take in　攝入；吸收；收留；包括；包含；理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙　
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中take in的含義
①(湖北卷)It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)
②(遼寧卷)Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.欺騙
③(四川卷)The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.攝入
④Her lecture took in all the recent developments in the subject.包括；包含

take off　　　　 起飛；(事業(yè))成功；脫下；請(qǐng)假
take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)
take over 接收；接管
take up 占據(jù)；開始從事　
[佳句背誦] Plants naturally take in carbon dioxide and cut down air pollution.
植物天生吸收二氧化碳，減少大氣污染。
give out　發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣體等)；分發(fā)；發(fā)表；用完；耗盡；筋疲力盡；宣布；發(fā)布
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中g(shù)ive out的含義
①Just as I approached the town, my legs finally gave out.筋疲力盡
②(山東卷)What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given out？用完；耗盡
③The fire can be compared with the sun, and both all give out light and warm up.發(fā)出
④(福建卷)The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.宣布；發(fā)布
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·浙江卷6月) For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving__away(捐贈(zèng)) food waste.

give in (to)　　　 讓步；投降；上交
give away 捐贈(zèng)；分發(fā)；頒發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品)；泄露(秘密)
give back 歸還；使恢復(fù)
give up 投降；放棄
give off 釋放出；發(fā)出(氣味、光、熱等)　
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“用光，用盡”時(shí)，give out, run out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不接賓語，主語往往是物。use up, run out of是及物動(dòng)詞短語，有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語往往是人。

if引導(dǎo)省略的狀語從句
(教材原句)The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
然后垃圾被運(yùn)走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so,__we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
②a.Though working(work) day and night, he still could not make enough money to pay off his debts.
b．When completed(complete), the museum will be open to the public in 2022.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③If the food tastes nice, I’ll go to buy some more；if__not(如果不是這樣的話), I won’t go.
④My father suggests that I should take some notes if__necessary(如果有必要的話) while listening to the teachers in class.

(1)在if，when，while，once，whether，unless，though等引導(dǎo)的從句中如果含有系動(dòng)詞be的某種形式，從句的主語與主句主語一致或從句的主語是it時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞be可以省略?！?
(2)if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式： if any如果有的話；if necessary 如果需要的話；if so如果是這樣的話； if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話； if not如果不這樣的話。
[佳句背誦] If possible, we should bridge the cultural differences and bring more Chinese literature to British readers. 　如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該彌合文化分歧，將更多中國文學(xué)作品帶給英國的讀者。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．There is convincing evidence(evident) that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.
2．(2017·天津卷)The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely(absolute) nowhere here.
3．Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make it possible for you to__meet(meet) new people.
4．I’d rather read than watch TV now because I think the programs seem to__be__getting(get) worse all the time.
5．Being__caught(catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．—Did you take in the speech the visiting scholar made yesterday?
—Not really. He spoke with an Australian accent and a bit too fast for me.
2．After covering fifty miles or so, his legs gave out and he had to take a rest.
3．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.
4．Having adjusted themselves to Earth’s gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
5．So loudly did he speak that every people in the next room could hear him.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．He always complained about his job.His friends ignored his complaint．(complain)
2．We strongly feel that many factors determine whether we can succeed in our life and careers, including a strong body and a good personality.Knowing our strength is also very important.But the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.(strength)
3．The public have shown great concern about the food safety, because it concerns the people’s health.It is hoped that the authorities concerned can really do something about the issue concerning the public health.(concern)
4．The frightening scene frightened the boy.He felt frightened but he tried to hide his fright．(fright)
5．Lacking proper protection against cold, we try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)
維度四　完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯
1．首先，就我而言，我已經(jīng)為考試做好了準(zhǔn)備。
To begin with, as__far__as__I__am__concerned,__I have made preparations for the examination.
2．新技術(shù)使以更低的成本更快地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品成為可能。
New technologies have__made__it__possible__to__turn__out new products faster and at a lower cost.
3．作為教練，他知道自己的隊(duì)員與對(duì)手相比有什么優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。
As a coach, he knows what__strengths__and__weaknesses__his__athletes__have against their rivals.
4．Unless it is necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
→Unless__necessary,__you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
5．人們向我抱怨得不到足夠的信息。
①People__complain__to__me__that__they__can’t__get__enough__information. (complain)
②People__make__a__complaint__to__me__that__they__can’t__get__enough__information. (complaint)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
With people’s 1.cutting(cut) down trees, desertification has been threatening us. In the past years, sandstorms 2.have__increased(increase). When 3.caught(catch) in a sandstorm, you can’t help 4.but cough, so you have to wear a mask to protect yourself from the storm, 5.if possible. We have to admit that the major reason why the environment is polluted is that we just focus on the development of economy. The factories pour chemicals into the rivers and give 6.off waste gases into the air. When people take in the harmful gases, they will fall ill. It’s true that most of us are 7.concerned(concern) about the environmental protection. But it’s no use 8.complaining(complain) about the present 9.urgent(urgency) situation. We must take action immediately with all our 10.strength(strong)．
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你市某出版社向全市中學(xué)生征文，征文題目是“Water”。請(qǐng)你按以下寫作要點(diǎn)寫一篇英語短文。①缺乏淡水的影響因素；②解決問題的措施。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①缺乏淡水對(duì)人類、動(dòng)物和植物的存活有壞影響。
Lack of fresh water is having__a__bad__effect__on__the__survival of human beings, animals and plants.
②依我看，一個(gè)主要的因素導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問題。
As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__one major__factor contributes to the problem.
③隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，工廠排放出許多廢物以致水被污染。
With the development of industry, factories give__out__so__many__wastes__that__water__is__polluted．
④為解決這個(gè)問題，急需采取幾個(gè)措施。
To solve the problem，it__is__urgent__that several measures (should) be taken.
⑤我們必須幫助大眾意識(shí)到節(jié)約淡水的重要性并關(guān)心水資源。
We must help the public wake__up__to the importance of saving fresh water and become__concerned__about water resources.
⑥如果可能的話，不僅要制定更嚴(yán)格的法律保護(hù)有限的淡水資源，而且有必要采取新的方法循環(huán)利用用過的水。
If__possible,__stricter laws not only should be established to protect the limited fresh water resources but also it’s necessary to adopt new methods to__recycle__used__water．
⑦我相信我們有力量通過采取這些措施來解決這個(gè)問題。
I’m fully confident that we have__the__strength__to__solve__the__problem by taking these measures.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑧用倒裝句升級(jí)句⑥
If__possible,__not__only__should__stricter__laws__be__established__to__protect__the__limited__fresh__water__resources__but____it’s__also__necessary__to__adopt__new__methods__to__recycle__used__water.
3．銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：to begin with, in a nutshell)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Water
Lack of fresh water is having a bad effect on the survival of human beings, animals and plants. As far as I’m concerned, one major factor contributes to the problem. With the development of industry, factories give out so many wastes that water is polluted. To solve the problem, it is urgent that several measures (should) be taken.
To begin with, we must help the public wake up to the importance of saving fresh water and become concerned about water resources. If possible, not only should stricter laws be established to protect the limited fresh water resources but it’s also necessary to adopt new methods to recycle used water.
In a nutshell, I’m fully confident that we have the strength to solve the problem by taking these measures.

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·長沙統(tǒng)一模擬)

When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(懷疑論者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢復(fù)) projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　Fawn Sharp通過一次搭乘直升機(jī)飛行的經(jīng)歷認(rèn)識(shí)到了冰川融化的嚴(yán)重性，同時(shí)Jennifer Wren Atkinson給學(xué)生開設(shè)了課程，教學(xué)生如何面對(duì)氣候變化，她的課程讓很多學(xué)生關(guān)注環(huán)境問題。
1．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?
A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.
C　解析：推理判斷題。通讀第一段可知，F(xiàn)awn Sharp在一次直升機(jī)飛行中意識(shí)到氣候變化導(dǎo)致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是為了引出下文氣候變化導(dǎo)致環(huán)境問題的話題，故選C。
2．What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?
A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.
C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.
D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“she taught students...the emotional burdens of environmental studies...and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that ‘this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.’”可知，她給學(xué)生講環(huán)境研究的情感壓力，她讓她的24個(gè)學(xué)生面對(duì)沒有簡單的解決方法這個(gè)事實(shí)——這是“一個(gè)如此困難的問題以至于學(xué)生們將用他們的余生來解決它。”由此可知，Atkinson的課程目的是讓學(xué)生們更加關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，故選B。
3．Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Simple. B．Difficult.
C．Common. D．Interesting.
B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科學(xué)家以及積極分子們的經(jīng)歷讓她的24個(gè)學(xué)生面對(duì)沒有簡單的解決方法這個(gè)事實(shí)，并結(jié)合該句“this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，這是一個(gè)如此困難的問題以至于學(xué)生們將用他們的余生來解決它，故選B。
4．How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?
A．It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.
B．It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.
C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Six months into the work...discuss his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，Dillon在環(huán)保組織做了六個(gè)月志愿者之后，他認(rèn)為在Atkinson的課堂上他可以討論他對(duì)氣候變化的擔(dān)憂；由此可推知，Atkinson的課程鼓勵(lì)Dillon參與環(huán)境保護(hù)，故選C。
B
(2020·湖北武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)

Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分層的) layers in our trash deposits(沉積層)．” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　在我們所處的時(shí)代，塑料給我們的生活帶來了很大便利，但是也給環(huán)境造成了巨大損害。
5．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，歷史學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家是通過對(duì)社會(huì)造成最大影響的技術(shù)或材料來界定人類歷史時(shí)期的，由此可推知，我們稱現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)代為塑料時(shí)代的原因是塑料極大地影響了世界，故C項(xiàng)正確。
6．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年數(shù)百萬噸的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最終被扔到垃圾場或海洋中了，故C項(xiàng)正確。
7．What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
A　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾對(duì)社會(huì)的巨大的負(fù)面影響，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾對(duì)社會(huì)可能已經(jīng)造成了損害，世界各地的人們改變使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者對(duì)塑料時(shí)代持消極態(tài)度。故A項(xiàng)正確。
8．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
C　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在處于塑料時(shí)代并解釋了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代被稱為塑料時(shí)代的原因，由此可推知，C項(xiàng)最符合文意。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·石家莊高三一模)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centres. 5.________
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了加入圖書館的原因。圖書館是人們減壓的好場所，在那里人們還可以免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)文化知識(shí)。圖書館隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了一種社區(qū)意識(shí)。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life.”可知，對(duì)一些人來說，圖書館是躲避日常生活壓力的庇護(hù)所；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)與此對(duì)應(yīng)，介紹其他人對(duì)圖書館的看法，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。
2．D　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借書證免費(fèi)借書，不過如果逾期還書，你將不可避免地面臨罰款；據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹在圖書館免費(fèi)讀書的情況，故D項(xiàng)符合語境，銜接上下文。且D項(xiàng)中的“You can”與空后一句中的“You can also”相呼應(yīng)。
3．A　解析：根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段的主題句；結(jié)合對(duì)本段的整體理解，尤其是該段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通過閱讀，你可以一直拓展你的學(xué)習(xí)，擴(kuò)大你的詞匯量；據(jù)此可知，該段主要說明了圖書館可以幫助人學(xué)習(xí)，故A項(xiàng)正確。
4．E　解析：根據(jù)本段的主題句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空處應(yīng)是介紹現(xiàn)如今的圖書館利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)設(shè)備的情況，故E項(xiàng)與此處匹配。
5．C　解析：根據(jù)該段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知，圖書館能讓公眾聚集起來成為一個(gè)社區(qū)；結(jié)合空處位置可知，空處總結(jié)該段，即圖書館創(chuàng)造了一種社區(qū)意識(shí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·江西三校聯(lián)考)Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not 1.____________(eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat, while vegans are people who don’t eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles 2.____________(become) more well-known in the UK. 3.____________ are Britons cutting their meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 4.____________ the environment. 5.____________(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become 6.____________(healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meatfree diet can help reduce 7.____________ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.
Organic farming is 8.____________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified (轉(zhuǎn)基因的) food and want their food to be 9.____________(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat 10.____________(produce) without the use of drugs.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了英國正在流行的兩大趨勢(shì)，即素食主義和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)。
1．to eat　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為固定搭配decide not to do sth.“決定不做某事”，故用不定式作賓語。
2．a(chǎn)re becoming　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。與上文“Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼應(yīng)可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的一種趨勢(shì)，且與句子主語的復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致，故用are becoming。
3．Why　解析：考查疑問副詞。與語境中的問號(hào)呼應(yīng)，并結(jié)合下文的內(nèi)容可推知，此處表示對(duì)原因的疑問，故用特殊疑問詞Why。
4．on　解析：考查介詞。effect on sb./sth.意為“對(duì)某人/某(事)物有影響”，為固定搭配，故用介詞on。
5．Worries　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。worry為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“令人擔(dān)憂的事”，且根據(jù)語境及該句中的have可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。
6．healthier　解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：為了變得更健康，其他一些人選擇改變他們的飲食習(xí)慣。此處包含一個(gè)比較的概念，故用形容詞比較級(jí)形式作become的表語。
7．the　解析：考查冠詞。risk被介詞短語of certain cancers修飾，表示特指，故用定冠詞the修飾。
8．a(chǎn)nother　解析：考查限定詞。與上文“Vegetarianism(素食主義) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示另外一種興起的趨勢(shì)，故用限定詞another修飾名詞trend，表示“再一，另一”。
9．organically　解析：考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，故用副詞organically修飾動(dòng)詞produced。
10．is produced　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，produce與句子主語Organic meat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示客觀敘述，故用其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。


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