2021屆高考英語人教版一輪創(chuàng)新教學(xué)案：第1編Book8Unit3　Inventorsandinventions

?Unit 3　Inventors and inventions



1.Seeing our model plane flying overhead steadily, they couldn't_help_clapping their hands, which_made_us_have_a_sense_of_achievement.
看到我們的模型飛機(jī)在上方平穩(wěn)飛行，他們情不自禁拍手祝賀，這使我們有一種成就感。
2.Seeing_our_excellent_performance,_they couldn't help cheering us up, which_brought_us_a_sense_of_satisfaction.
看到我們的精彩表演，他們情不自禁為我們歡呼，這使我們產(chǎn)生一種滿足感。
3.Only_through_this_experience_did_I_realize that pride and satisfaction came from putting our creative ideas into practice.
只有通過這次經(jīng)歷，我才認(rèn)識到自豪和滿足來自于我們把自己的創(chuàng)意變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。
4.Ever_since the first prehistoric stone tools, humans have lived in a world shaped by invention.
自從史前第一批石器開始，人類就生活在一個由發(fā)明塑造的世界里。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心單詞
(1)distinguish (vi.& vt.) 顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別→distinguished (adj.) 杰出的；著名的
(2)merciful (adj.) 寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy (n.) 寬?。蝗蚀?br /> (3)convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 方便；便利→conveniently (adv.) 便利地；方便地
(4)caution (n.) 小心；謹(jǐn)慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地
(5)expectation (n.) 預(yù)料；期待；期望→expect (vt.) 期待；期望→unexpected (adj.) 想不到的；意外的→unexpectedly (adv.) 出乎意料地
(6)seize (vt.) 抓?。蛔阶。粖Z
(7)file (n.) 文件；檔案；文件夾 (vt.) 提交；將……歸檔
(8)freezing (adj.) 冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的→freeze (v.) 冰凍→frozen (adj.) 冷凍的
(9)bear (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)
(10)tap (vt.& vi.) 輕打；輕拍；輕敲 (n.) 輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭
(11)associate (vt.) 聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 協(xié)會；社團(tuán)；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想

Ⅱ　閱讀單詞
(1)product (n.) 產(chǎn)品
(2)abrupt (adj.) 突然的；意外的
(3)passive (adj.) 被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的
(4)merry (adj.) 愉快的；高興的
(5)ripe (adj.) 熟的；成熟的
(6)innocent (adj.) 清白的；無罪的；天真的
(7)jam (n.) 堵塞；阻塞；果醬
(8)current (n.) (水或氣)流；電流 (adj.) 現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的
(9)stable (adj.) 穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的
(10)practical (adj.) 實際的；實踐的；實用的

　[單句語法填空]
1.Ordered over a week ago, the books ________ (expect) to arrive any time now.
答案：are expected
2.The bus came to an ________ (abruptly) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
答案：abrupt
3.The car is a ________ (convenience) means of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
答案：convenient
4.Your suggestion sounds reasonable and ________ (practice).
答案：practical

5.When the ice is heated above ________ (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.
答案：freezing
6.He is a ________ (caution) man and is always doing things with caution.
答案：cautious
7.There is much ________ (associate) between success and hard work.
答案：association
8.The king showed no ________ (merciful) and killed the prisoners.
答案：mercy
9.He was one of Australia's most ________ (distinguish) artists.
答案：distinguished
10.________ (product) has dropped while prices and unemployment have risen.
答案：Production

聯(lián)想積累
1.表示“抓住”的相關(guān)詞語一覽
①seize vt. 抓住；捉住　?、赾atch vt. 抓住；接住
③grasp vt. 抓住；掌握 ④catch hold of 抓住
⑤get hold of 抓住
2.“社會交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求與命令”
①caution 小心 ②cautious 小心的
③attention 注意 ④forbid 禁止
⑤ban 禁止 ⑥r(nóng)emind 提醒
⑦warn 警告 ⑧be aware of 意識到
⑨look out 當(dāng)心 ⑩take care 小心
?watch out 當(dāng)心；注意
?claim 聲張；聲稱；自稱；斷言
?command 命令；控制
?demand 要求
?force 強迫 ?order 命令
?request 請求 ?require 要求


1.call_up　　　　　給……打電話
2.now_and_then 偶爾；有時
3.set_about 開始；著手
4.dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.set_out_(to_do) 開始(做)
6.hang on 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住
7.out of order 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障
8.get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過
9.ring back 回復(fù)電話
10.ring off 掛斷電話

　[選詞填空]
ring off， now and then， out of order， get through， set out， hang on
1.Having made up his mind, Frank ________ to carry out the plan immediately.
答案：set out
2.My grandfather still plays tennis ________， even though he's in his nineties.
答案：now and then
3.It is love and responsibility that have driven him to ________ many hardships and survive.
答案：get through
4.I'm sorry, but I've to ________ now. I have a meeting to attend.
答案：ring off
5.________ to your present job until you can get another.
答案：Hang on
6.My clock was ________ and woke me up at 3 this morning.
答案：out of order

聯(lián)想積累
1.“有時”詞匯全接觸
①now and then
②now and again
③from time to time
④once in a while
⑤sometimes
⑥at times
2.表示“開始/著手做某事”的短語精選
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現(xiàn)成的產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。
seem “似乎……，好像……”，構(gòu)成句式如下：
①主語＋seem (＋to be)＋形容詞；
②主語＋seem as if(＝as though) ...；
③seem to do/to have done/to be doing；
④It seems that ...；⑤there seems to be ...等。
Unfortunately, ______________________ with my phone, which makes it impossible for me to use it any more.
不幸的是，我的電話似乎有毛病了。我不能再使用它了。
2.... but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Waston.
……但是貝爾是在五天后才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。
not until的強調(diào)句式：①用于強調(diào)句型，即It is/was ＋not until ... that ...；②not until置于句首，主句需用倒裝語序，即“not until＋從句＋主句(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語＋謂語……)”結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was __________________ that I realized I had left the bag in the classroom.
(＝Not until I arrived home did I realize I had left the bag in the classroom.)
直到我回到家，我才意識到把書包忘在教室里了。

答案：1.there seemed to be something wrong　2.not until I arrived home

直擊重點 突破考點

①distinguish　vi.& vt. 顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨認(rèn)；辨別(P20)

(1)單句語法填空
①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish ________ right and wrong.
②It's important to distinguish reality ________ dreams.
答案：①between?、趂rom
(2)單句寫作
Over the next few years he ____________________ a leading scholar.
在接下來的幾年里，他作為一名著名學(xué)者而聲名遠(yuǎn)揚。
答案：distinguished himself as/was distinguished as


(1)distinguish between A and B 區(qū)分A和B
distinguish ... from ... 把……與……區(qū)分開來
distinguish oneself (as ...)(作為……)而出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for ... 因……而出名
be distinguished as ... 作為……而出名

②caution　n. 小心；謹(jǐn)慎(P20)

單句語法填空
①Evidence given by convicted criminals should always be treated ________ the utmost caution.
②He was very cautious ________ committing himself to anything.
③She looked ________ (cautious) around and then walked away from the house.
答案：①with?、赼bout?、踓autiously

(1)with caution 小心地
(2)cautious adj. 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的
be cautious about (doing) sth. ... 對(做)……小心謹(jǐn)慎
(3)cautiously adv. 小心謹(jǐn)慎地

③bear　vt. 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；帶有；帶有(標(biāo)記或特征)；生(孩子)；結(jié)果實(P24)

(1)單句語法填空
Always bear in mind ________ your determination is more important than anything.
答案：that
(2)寫出下列句子中bear的含義
①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？________
②He can't bear being laughed at in public.________
③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.________
④Some of the newly－planted apple trees have also begun to bear.________
答案：①負(fù)擔(dān)；承擔(dān)?、谌淌堋、凵、芙Y(jié)出果實

(1)bear/stand doing/to do sth. 忍受做某事
put up with sth. 容忍某事
(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事
bear in mind that ... 記住……
bear a heavy burden 肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)
bear responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任

④associate　vt. 聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系　n. 同伴；伙伴(P26)

(1)單句語法填空
①I don't like you ________ (associate) with those people.
②Readers will associate themselves closely ________ what happens in the news stories.
答案：①associating?、趙ith
(2)單句寫作
①It is very important __________________ those who have a positive effect on you.
和對你有積極影響的人接觸非常重要。
②We are working __________________ a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我們和當(dāng)?shù)匾患夜竞献鳛闊o家可歸者籌款。
答案：①to associate with?、趇n association with

(1)associate ... with ... 使……與……聯(lián)系起來
associate with sb. 與某人交往/聯(lián)系
be associated with 與……有關(guān)
(2)association n. 聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；協(xié)會；社團(tuán)
in association with 與……聯(lián)合/有關(guān)聯(lián)

①call up 給……打電話；使……回憶起(P20)

(1)單句語法填空
The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call ________ to discuss various issues.
答案：up
(2)單句寫作
①The picture ________________ memories of her childhood.
這張照片喚起了她童年的記憶。
②At that time, we saw so many people were taking an active part in an activity ________________ people to protect the environment.
那時，我們看到很多人在積極參加一項活動，號召人們保護(hù)環(huán)境。
答案：①calls up/called up　②calling on


(1)call at 拜訪(某個地點)
call off 取消；放棄
call on/upon 拜訪(某人)；號召
call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)
call out 大聲地說出；召集
call in 召集；召來
(2)ring/call back 回復(fù)電話
ring off/hang up 掛斷電話
give sb. a ring/call 給某人打電話
(3)hang/hold on 不掛斷電話

②set about 開始；著手(P20)

(1)單句語法填空
①That evening he set about ________ (write) a report on population.
②The sooner we set ________ it, the sooner we'll finish it.
答案：①writing?、赼bout
(2)單句寫作
Upon arrival, we ____________ to work immediately. Some were busy digging holes. Some were involved in carrying and planting young trees.
一到達(dá)，我們馬上開始工作。一些人忙于挖樹坑，而另一些人忙著搬運或者植樹。
答案：set out

set about sth./doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 開始/著手做某事
set out 出發(fā)，啟程
set off 出發(fā)，動身；使爆炸
set aside 留出；對……不予以考慮
set down 記下，寫下
set up 建立，開辦；創(chuàng)立；豎起；安裝；安排

③get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過(P26)

寫出下列句中g(shù)et through的含義
①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________
②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________
③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________
④I've got through the driving test recently.________
答案：①(設(shè)法)完成?、诖蛲娫挕、鄱蛇^　④通過

(1)get across (使)被理解；(把……)講清楚
get along/on with sb. 與某人相處融洽；進(jìn)展
get away with sth. 攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰
get down to sth./doing sth. 開始做某事；認(rèn)真處理某事
get over 克服(困難)；從……中恢復(fù)過來
(2)go through 經(jīng)歷；檢查
look through 瀏覽；快速查看
live through 活過……；經(jīng)過……之后仍然活著

①[教材原句]The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現(xiàn)成的產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。

(1)單句語法填空
①Most of the people ________ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
②The ________ (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
答案：①invited?、趇njured
(2)單句寫作
①We must adapt our thinking to the ________ conditions.
我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。
②Learning that you'll participate in the program, The Reader, ________ by our school, I'm writing to share some of my ideas.
聽說你打算參加學(xué)校舉行的《朗讀者》節(jié)目，我寫信給你分享一些我的想法。
答案：①changed?、趆eld

designed to kill snakes為過去分詞短語作定語。單個的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，表示被動和完
成意義。過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。

②[教材原句]Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(P21)
只有你得到那種承認(rèn)，你才可以說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。


單句寫作
①Only then ______________ the importance of what the teacher had said.
只有在那時，我才認(rèn)識到老師教導(dǎo)的重要性。
②Only from your vivid description ______________ a better understanding of Chinese culture.
正是從你生動的講解中，我才對中國文化有了更好的了解。
③Only when you use it __________________ the importance of learning Chinese.
只有在用到的時候，你才能夠認(rèn)識到學(xué)習(xí)漢語的重要性。
答案：①did I realize?、赿id I have　③can you realize


“only＋狀語”位于句首時，其后句子用部分倒裝形式。此處狀語包括狀語從句、介詞短語、副詞。

“only＋主語”位于句首時不倒裝。

課文回練 升華運用
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the telephone, she __1__ (learn) that snakes came near the house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. __2__ (hear) this, the writer felt very proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish __3__ (she) by inventing something merciful __4__ would catch snakes but not harm them.
She set about __5__ (research) the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way __6__ (trap) them. She decided to cool them so that they could be __7__ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again. As a result, she succeeded __8__ third attempt. She was __9__ delighted that she was determined to send her __10__ (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.learned/learnt　2.Hearing　3.herself　4.that 　5.researching　6.to trap　7.easily　8.a　9.so　10.invention

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Some people say that classical music ________ (associate) only with old people.
答案：is associated　be associated with ... “與……有關(guān)”。
2.Though we are living a better life, I can't bear ________ (see) food thrown away.
答案：seeing/to see　can't bear doing/to do ... “不能忍受做某事”。
3.What was it that distinguished her ________ her classmates？
答案：from　distinguish ... from ... “把……與……區(qū)分/辨別開”。
4.We must always bear in mind ________ China is a big country with a huge population.
答案：that　bear in mind that ... “記住……”。
5.The service offers young people ________ (practice) advice on finding a job.
答案：practical　此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實用的；實際的；實踐的”。
6.We all have an ________ (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.
答案：expectation　由空格前的冠詞可知應(yīng)填名詞。
7.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
答案：seizing　該句為“only＋狀語”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個并列成分，且均作by的賓語，故由facing可知應(yīng)填seizing。
8.It was not until he went through real hardship ________ he realized the love we had for our families was important.
答案：that　本句是含有not until的強調(diào)句型。其構(gòu)成是“it is/was not until ... that ...”。
9.She ________ (tap) me on the shoulder but I didn't feel it.
答案：tapped　由but連接并列成分可知，設(shè)空處動詞在句中作謂語；且后面并列句的謂語為didn't ...，所以空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時，應(yīng)填tapped。
10.Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
答案：bought　過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語修飾goods。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1.What's more, surfing on the Internet ______________ (有時) can help us with our foreign language studies.
答案：now and then
2.As ________________ (杰出的專家), you are expected to give us a lecture on Chinese history.
答案：a distinguished expert
3.Hardly had we arrived at the destination when we ____________ to work.
我們一到達(dá)目的地，就開始工作。
答案：set out
4._______________________________________________________________
直到畢業(yè)后，我才認(rèn)識到參加課外活動給我們帶來的益處。(not until ...)
答案：Not until after graduation did I realize the benefit that taking part in after-class activities brought to us.
5.______________________________________________________________
如果您方便的話，能否給我們分享您對閱讀策略的看法？
答案：If it is convenient for you, would you like to share your idea about reading strategies？
Ⅲ.語法填空
The former Swiss Air Force fighter pilot, Yves Rossy is also an __1__ (invent). The other day, he jumped from a plane over Calais, France and flew 200 mph __2__ (cross) the English Channel in 13 minutes before landing in Dover, England.

Earlier this year he unfolded the wings on his back and __3__ (fly) 186 mph (300 kilometers) above the Swiss Alps.
Using four small jet engines __4__ (attach) to his carbon fiber wings, he climbed at 200 ft per minute before carrying out a series of turns for __5__ crowd of reporters watching from a mountain top.
The particular show was the first public expectation of his latest invention, __6__ he spent five years developing.
“It __7__ (be) absolute freedom，” says Rossy.
The inventor says his 120 lb Jetman suit will __8__ (final) be available to the public but it's still—in a few years' away.
The flight __9__ the English Channel was his second public show. He is planning his next flight through the Grand Canyon.
“My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the complete beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor __10__ (fly) in our Native American lands，” said Rossy.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了發(fā)明家和飛行員Yves Rossy乘飛行器飛越一個又一個海峽和峽谷的事跡。
1.inventor　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。用在冠詞an后面，用名詞形式。
2.crossing　考查非謂語動詞。此處用作狀語，表示伴隨，且邏輯主語he與cross之間為主動關(guān)系，故用crossing。
3.flew　考查動詞的時態(tài)。and連接與前面“unfolded”并列的成分，所以用一般過去時。
4.attached　考查非謂語動詞。be attached to “附在……上”。此處用作后置定語，所以用過去分詞形式。
5.a　考查冠詞。a crowd of “一群”。
6.which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作賓語，指代先行詞invention。
7.is　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。用在直接引語中，表達(dá)自己的看法，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語是it，故用is。
8.finally　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾be 動詞用副詞形式。
9.over　考查介詞。over表示“在……之上；越過”。
10.to fly　考查非謂語動詞。在名詞“the honor”后面作定語，用動詞不定式形式。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
School English Drama Club was selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your attentions.
答案：
School English Drama Club selecting actors and actresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall July 20th, 2019.
Any student at our school who meets the following criteria will be offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More ， he or she should have read the short story and familiar with the whole story.
Thank you for your .
難項分析：
第三處：writing→written　考查非謂語動詞。story與write之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處需用過去分詞作后置定語，表示“由Mark Twain所著/所寫”。
第四處：that→which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The selection。注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
第九處：is→be　考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。and連接的兩個并列成分均位于情態(tài)動詞should后，需用動詞原形，故此處將is改為be。

課時作業(yè)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解

(2020·黃岡市高三質(zhì)量檢測)One of the things that makes your smart-phone so smart is that if you pull it out in the sun, it senses that—and dials up the screen brightness to compensate. But it's not a perfect solution.
“First of all, it's still not bright enough—you have to remember how respectable sunlight is.” said Shin-Tson Wu, a physicist at the University of Central Florida. The other problem, he says of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a battery-sparing alternative: an anti-reflective screen-coating, based on the eyes of moths. “Nature is so rich! We can learn a lot from nature.” The thing Wu and others have learned about moth eyes, is that they're uneven, dotted with tiny projections. That uneven surface reduces the reflection of light off their eyes—thought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare. He says the dimpled coating could improve the readability of a screen by five to 10 times, compared to a normal smart-phone screen. The details are in the journal Optica.
The tech hasn't been commercialized yet, and that could take a few years, which gives researchers time to take advantage of another property of these surfaces: they're flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays. Combine that with the bendy batteries we reported on in a recent podcast (播客), and it looks the smart-phones of the future could be set for a real transformation.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。飛蛾眼睛的凹凸不平激發(fā)了研究者開發(fā)一種未來可能會變形的手機(jī)屏幕。
1.Why do the researchers develop the anti-reflective screen-coating？
A.To brighten the screen.
B.To make profits.
C.To take in the sunlight.
D.To save the use of battery.
答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The other problem, he says of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a battery-sparing alternative: an anti-reflective screen-coating.”可知為了節(jié)約電池的使用而開發(fā)的這種抗反射屏幕涂層。
2.What inspired the invention of the screen？
A.The predators.
B.The reflection of light.
C.The eyes of moths.
D.The smooth surface.
答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“So Wu and colleagues have produced ... based on the eyes of moths.”可知是飛蛾的眼睛激發(fā)了研究者的靈感。
3.How does the screen work？
A.It helps bugs escape.
B.It slows down reading.
C.The smooth surface protects our eyes.
D.The rough surface decreases the reflection of light.
答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三、四句“That uneven surface reduces the reflection of light off their eyes—thought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare.”可知是這種手機(jī)屏幕凹凸不平的表面減少了光的反射。
4.What do the researchers expect of the screen？
A.It'll transform itself.
B.It'll be environment-friendly.
C.It'll reach consumers soon.
D.It'll be powered by recyclable batteries.
答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“they're flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays”可推知，研究者期望這款屏幕能夠變形。

(2020·河北衡水中學(xué)高三第一次聯(lián)考)The world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They begancarrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany andFrance cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.
It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.
The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.
Officials say the area's many wind turbines (渦輪機(jī)) will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型的氫動力火車。
5.Why did Germany build the new trains？
A.To replace diesel trains.
B.To carry more passengers.
C.To make traveling much easier.
D.To develop friendship with France.
答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段最后一句可知，建造新型火車的目的是move away from pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains，故選擇A。
6.What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint？
A.It runs without making any noise.
B.It doesn't use electrical power.
C.It costs much less to run.
D.It is cheaper to make it.
答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第四段中的“the operating costs are much lower”可知，氫動力火車的運行成本更低，故答案為C。
7.It can be concluded that hydrogen trains ________.
A.are widely used
B.are environmentally friendly
C.can stop air pollution
D.can produce water and oxygen
答案：B　推理判斷題。由文中第四段最后一句話可知，新型氫動力火車的排放物只是水和蒸汽，所以是環(huán)保的，故B為正確答案。
8.What might be the best title for the text？
A.Saving Natural Resources
B.Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C.World's First Hydrogen Trains
D.A New Way to Make Electricity
答案：C　標(biāo)題判斷題。本文主要介紹的是一種新型的氫動力火車的研制及其特點，故C 項符合文章大意，最適合作標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.七選五
You have some great ideas. But they don't come out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldn't be one of them. 　1　
Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. 　2　 On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking？
You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the world's biggest and fastest computer. 　3　 Read, watch and listen to everything around you—good and bad. The more you know, the more you'll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised.
Try something new every day. 　4　 You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒適地帶) more and more each day.
Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your “l(fā)imits” from today. 　5　 Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.
A.But actually, this is not true at all.
B.Your constructive ideas should be accepted by others.
C.So it's important to get as much information as you can every day.
D.You'll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures.
E.A good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively.
F.Let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you.
G.If you don't learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性思維給出了有效的建議。
1.A　設(shè)空處前面提到人們因為朋友說的話或者他們自己覺得只有少數(shù)人才能成為具有創(chuàng)造力的天才而使自己的想法沒有為大家所知。下文主要闡述了一些可以提高創(chuàng)造性思維的方法，因此，空處應(yīng)該選一個承上啟下的句子，故A項“但是實際上，這種想法一點兒都不對?！狈险Z境。
2.G　設(shè)空處前一句將創(chuàng)造力比喻成需要被鍛煉的肌肉，G項中的“l(fā)ike a muscle”與前文相呼應(yīng)和承接，另結(jié)合句意，可確定G項符合語境。
3.C　該段最后一句表述你知道的東西越多，你想知道的就會越多，你的大腦就越會得到鍛煉。結(jié)合設(shè)空后下一句說明各種了解信息的方法可推知C項“因此，每天得到盡可能多的信息是很重要的”符合語境。
4.F　設(shè)空處前一句提到每天要嘗試新事物，而F項“你的經(jīng)歷讓你了解有關(guān)你周圍的世界和人的更多信息”正是這樣做的結(jié)果。
5.D　由設(shè)空處前文中的“begin thinking beyond your ‘limits’ from today”和后文中的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D項“你將很快擁有一種充滿趣味且令人興奮的刺激生活”符合語境。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次聯(lián)考)China's research icebreaker Xuelong, __1__ 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on __2__ (it) way back to China.
Snow Eagle 601, China's first fixed-wing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after __3__ (complete) all assignments.
Xuelong, __4__ arrived near Zhongshan on Feb. 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as __5__ (member) of the fixed-wing aircraft project.
Sixteen members of the Kunlun team __6__ (previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Pole's highest icecap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, __7__ (return) to Zhongshan on Feb. 8.
The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bed rock, atmospheric sounding __8__ (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.
As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.
Also __9__ (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning __10__ country's 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in mid-March.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了雪龍?zhí)柨瓶即谀蠘O的科考經(jīng)歷。
1.with　考查介詞。句意：中國的“雪龍”號破冰船于當(dāng)?shù)貢r間周四離開中山站，返回中國，船上共有126名船員執(zhí)行第35次南極考察任務(wù)。with “和；同；跟”，符合語境，故填with。
2.its　考查代詞。修飾名詞way用形容詞性物主代詞，on one's way back為固定搭配，意為“在某人回來的路上”。故填its。
3.completing　考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國首架極地飛行固定翼飛機(jī)“雪鷹601”周四晚也在完成所有任務(wù)后離開南極。介詞after后跟動名詞作介詞的賓語。故填completing。
4.which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：雪龍于2月9日抵達(dá)中山附近，為該站提供燃油。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾Xuelong，又因從句缺少主語。故填which。
5.members　考查名詞。句意：隨后又在昆侖、泰山和中山站接回了夏季考察隊隊員，以及固定翼飛機(jī)項目的隊員。根據(jù)常識可知，隊員肯定不止一個。故填members。
6.previously　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：昆侖探險隊的16名隊員先前在南極最高冰蓋穹頂阿古斯(穹頂A)完成了所有科學(xué)考察。修飾動詞 completed應(yīng)使用副詞形式，故填previously。
7.returned　考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：他們和21名泰山隊隊員于2月8日返回中山。根據(jù)時間狀語on Feb. 8可知應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填returned。
8.observation　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中山隊完成了激光雷達(dá)的安裝和試驗、冰層巖石的鉆探、大氣探測觀測、鳥類調(diào)查和固定翼飛機(jī)進(jìn)行的空中探測等任務(wù)。由此處為四個并列的名詞短語可知應(yīng)使用observe的名詞形式，故填observation。
9.known　考查非謂語動詞。句意：也被稱為“雪龍”號的破冰船去年11月2日從上海啟航。主語the icebreaker和動詞know是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式，known as為固定搭配，意為“被稱為……”。故填known。
10.the　考查冠詞。句意：開始了中國第35次南極考察。此處表示特指，故填定冠詞the。
Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)
假如你是李華，你的筆友John聽說你校將在下周舉辦學(xué)生發(fā)明展，他來信詢問活動安排，請根據(jù)以下提示給他回復(fù)一封郵件。
1.活動時間和地點；
2.學(xué)生發(fā)明成果展示，如智能機(jī)器人等；
3.活動的意義并希望他有機(jī)會來參加活動。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實、行文連貫；
3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：學(xué)生發(fā)明展 Students' Invention Exhibition
Dear John，
How are you doing? 　
　
　
　
I am looking forward to your joining us then.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear_John，
How_are_you_doing? I'm delighted to know that you are interested in the Students' Invention Exhibition, which is scheduled for next week at the Student Center. And I'd like to give you a detailed account of it.
The Students' Invention Exhibition is a joyful occasion where students can bring their favorite inventions such as AI robots to show. It is known to all that recent years have witnessed great achievements in science and technology in our country. Therefore, it will certainly influence our students and make us devote our energy to science, too. I am firmly convinced that the exhibition will not only expose us to scientific knowledge but also inspire our innovative spirit as well.
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_joining_us_then.
Yours，
Li_Hua