(3)all, both, either, neither,  each和every的用法 詞性數(shù)量意義、用法allpron.三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物①作主語(yǔ)指“所有的人”時(shí)謂語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，指“所有的事情”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)②not無論放在all前還是后，都表示部分否定，全部否定用none。除了all之外， both, each, every以及由every構(gòu)成的不定代詞，加not都表示部分否定，若要表示全部否定，需要借助neither, nothing, no one, nobody等詞③可以和of短語(yǔ)連用bothpron.兩個(gè)人或物可以和of短語(yǔ)連用eitherpron.兩者中任何一個(gè)還可作副詞，表示“也”，用在否定句句尾neitherpron.兩者都不還可表示“也不”，此時(shí)以neither開頭常用部分倒裝eachpron.adj.兩者或兩者以上的每一個(gè)①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體②可以與of短語(yǔ)連用everyadj.三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè)①整體描述②不能與of短語(yǔ)連用 (4)none, no one, nothing與no的用法①none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用來回答how many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用來回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing “什么也沒有”，否定一切，常用來回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。—How many students are there in the classroom now? —None.—Who is in the classroom?   —No one./Nobody.②none后面可加of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，而something/anything/everything/nothing, someone/anyone/everyone/no one卻不能。③no(＝not any)在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。none在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。There is no water on the moon. (定語(yǔ)) None of them knows the story.  (主語(yǔ))I know none of them. (賓語(yǔ))(5)few, a few, little與a little的用法  詞義用法例句few幾乎沒有(否定)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Few words are best.a few有幾個(gè)(肯定)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)I have only a few books.little幾乎沒有(否定)修飾不可數(shù)名詞She had little affection for him.a little有一點(diǎn)(肯定)修飾不可數(shù)名詞A little water is enough. 6．it的用法(1)it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)：it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， 真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句，把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)移到句后。It is a good habit to do morning exercises.It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.(2)it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It＋is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他。It is Professor Wang that/who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.(3)it引起的幾個(gè)易混時(shí)間句型。①It＋be＋時(shí)間段＋since從句，“自從……以來已多久了”。在“It is/has been ... since ...”句型中，注意：since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞，則主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)自該終止性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作開始時(shí)算起；若since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則主句動(dòng)作或所表示的狀態(tài)自該延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)開始。It is three years since she left Beijing.  It is three years since she lived in Beijing.②It＋be＋時(shí)間段＋before從句，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才……”；主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒過多久就……”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)was或?qū)頃r(shí)will be；用was時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；用will be時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.It was long before the police arrived.It will be hours before he makes a decision.③It＋be＋時(shí)間＋when從句，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是will be, when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。It was already 8 o'clock when we got home. It was the next morning when we finished our work.It will be midnight when they get there.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2019·甘肅會(huì)寧一中高三月考)________ is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved.答案：It　句意：很可能最近在西伯利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺跡已經(jīng)得到了保護(hù)。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved。2．The foreign students were so amazed by the unique Chinese tea culture that ________ couldn't help taking pictures.答案：they　指代上文提到的“The foreign students”。3．Generally speaking, ________ is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows.答案：it　it is widely believed that ... 是固定句型，意為“人們普遍認(rèn)為……”。4．(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)If you want to keep ________ from being hungry later of the day, you'd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up.答案：yourself　句意：如果你想這一天不餓的話，你最好在醒來后九十分鐘內(nèi)吃東西。此處反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填yourself。5．What ________ should also do is  turn off the lights when we leave our classrooms or dorms.答案：we　句意：我們也要做的是離開教室或宿舍時(shí)隨手關(guān)燈。下文提到的“when we leave our classrooms”也是提示。6．Some suggested going boating in the lake, while ________ thought it a good idea to climb the hill near our school.答案：others　some ... others ... “一些人……另一些人……”。7．You can choose ________ of the books on the list.答案：any　any在此句中為不定代詞，意為“任一，任何一些”。8．Besides your name card, I found a passport and a credit card in it, ________ of which have your name on them.答案：both　此處用both指代前面提到的“a passport and a credit card”。9．My schoolbag, which is brand new, is a common pack bag. It is a black ________ with a Chinese knot on the top.答案：one　此處用one指代前面提到的可數(shù)名詞schoolbag。10．—Excuse me, do you want David or Brown to do it?—________ is up to the job, I'm afraid.答案：Neither　句意：——打擾一下，你想讓戴維還是布朗做這項(xiàng)工作呢？——恐怕他們倆都不能勝任。neither表示“兩者都不”，符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．The two girls are getting on very well and share some with each other.______________________________________________________________答案：some→much　由getting on very well (相處得很融洽)可知兩人有很多共同點(diǎn)，故much符合語(yǔ)境。2．— Is there anything else I can do for you, Jeff?—No. Thanks. I really appreciate when you lent all your notes to me before the exam.______________________________________________________________答案：appreciate后加it　it在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為后面的從句。3．—Silly me! I forgot the color of my luggage.—What about one over there?______________________________________________________________答案：one→that　這里用that代替上文的不可數(shù)名詞luggage。4．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in other, knives and forks.______________________________________________________________答案：other→others　others泛指其他國(guó)家，沒有范圍限制。5．Good families are much to all their members, but something to none.______________________________________________________________答案：something→everything　句意：優(yōu)秀的家庭對(duì)它們的成員們來說意味著許多，但并不是一切。 

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