三動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),也可以和疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)(1)作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、程度等。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),如果置于主句后,不定式前面常常不用逗號(hào)(出乎意料的結(jié)果除外)。①He ran fast to catch the bus.(目的狀語(yǔ))②I returned home that day,onlyto find that everything was being in good order.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。如果表示順理成章的結(jié)果,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式)③I am sorry to hear that.(原因狀語(yǔ))④She wouldn't be so silly to say that.(程度狀語(yǔ))(2)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。①He has nothing to do.②We reached an agreement to do the work together.③They made a plan to develop new products.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019·福建省百所重點(diǎn)校高三年級(jí)聯(lián)合考試)________ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems.答案:Using 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處缺少主語(yǔ),故使用動(dòng)名詞using和后面的a different mental approach一起作主語(yǔ)。2.From our survey, we were happy ________ (find) the farmers' living standard greatly improved.答案:to find be happy to do sth. “很高興做某事”。3.(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中學(xué)高三年級(jí)月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results ________ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university.答案:compared 句意:澳大利亞的一個(gè)大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)聲稱,吃土可能比吃減肥藥的效果還好。分析句子可知,“compare”屬于非謂語(yǔ),與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“eating soil”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式compared。4.________ (work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for.答案:Having worked 句意:在幾個(gè)國(guó)家工作過(guò),這個(gè)年輕人似乎擁有我們所需要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。表示發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,用having worked。5.You can trust him. He is a man ________ (know) throughout the business field for his honesty.答案:known 句意:你可以信任他。他是一個(gè)在商業(yè)界因誠(chéng)實(shí)而著稱的人。know與其修飾的名詞man之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞known。6.(2019·黑龍江牡丹江市一中高三摸底考試) ________ (face) with a difficult situation, Amold decided to ask his boss for advice.答案:Faced 固定短語(yǔ)be faced with “面對(duì)著……”;該短語(yǔ)是對(duì)句子主語(yǔ)Amold的情況進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。句意:面對(duì)著艱難的形勢(shì),Amold決定向老板征詢建議。7.Our English teacher started a WeChat Group ________ (communicate) with us after school.答案:to communicate 句意:我們英語(yǔ)老師建了一個(gè)微信群,為了課后交流。表示目的,用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。8.________ (cover) 840 square miles, the national park has beautiful lakes, mountains, and forests.答案:Covering 句意:占地面積840平方英里,這個(gè)國(guó)家公園里有湖泊、山脈和森林。邏輯主語(yǔ)the national park與cover之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,故填Covering。9.The experience ________ (gain) from failure is of great value to us.答案:gained 句意:從失敗中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我們很有價(jià)值。 該動(dòng)詞gain與其所修飾的名詞experience之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用gained。10.A growing trend in China now gives customers the options ________ (pay) the bill by scanning a QR code or cash.答案:to pay 句意:在中國(guó)現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)越來(lái)越火的趨勢(shì),讓顧客選擇掃碼或者現(xiàn)金付賬單。修飾名詞options,用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better to keep this card at hand.______________________________________________________________答案:去掉better后的to 句意:為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系,你最好把這張卡片放在手頭上。had better do sth. “最好做某事”,為固定搭配。2.Seeing from the top of the hill, the garden looks more beautiful.______________________________________________________________答案:Seeing→Seen the garden與see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。3.Our company is going on very well. Employ dozens of local women, we produce handmade goods with unique designs that sell well overseas.______________________________________________________________答案:Employ→Employing we是employ這一動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。4.(2019·福建省廈門(mén)一中高三第一次月考)Offered the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.______________________________________________________________答案:Offered→Being offered 句意:被給予在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)讓我欣喜若狂。本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是made,其前部分內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是主語(yǔ)且“我”應(yīng)是“被給予機(jī)會(huì)”,故應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)。5.(2019·桂林市第十八中學(xué)高三第二次月考)With nothing leaving to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.______________________________________________________________答案:leaving→left 句意:剩下的沒(méi)有什么東西可燃燒,火越來(lái)越弱最后熄滅了。句中nothing和動(dòng)詞leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。