An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected t fetch up t $790，000 at a Stheby’s auctin next mnth.The dcument cntains a passage frm the famus 1859 wrk On the Origin f Species，in which Darwin put frth his thery f evlutin.The dcument was nce thught t be a deserted page frm an earlier manuscript f the wrk.But experts nw understand it was written in 1865 and sent t the editr f the Autgraphic Mirrr wh had requested a signed writing sample frm Darwin.
“While sme f Darwin’s ntes and manuscript pages have survived ver the last hundred r mre years，he was knwn t keep revising his publicatins，ften thrwing away pages frm wrking drafts as waste paper，making them extremely rare，” Stheby’s said in a statement.On the Origin f Species was vted the mst influential academic bk f all time in a public pll held during Academic Bk Week in 2015.The bk ffers Darwin’s revlutinary idea that species evlve ver generatins in the prcess f natural selectin.
Darwin backed__up his thery with evidence cllected during his 1831—1836 vyage n the Beagle，during which he bserved and cllected specimens (標(biāo)本) frm a number f species.On the Galapags Islands ff the cast f Ecuadr，Darwin nted that the finches(鳴雀)n the island were similar t finches n the mainland；hwever，the availability f different fds in each area had led t differences in beak shapes.
The manuscript will be placed n display at Stheby’s in New Yrk between Nv.30 and Dec 8，and nline bids will be accepted between Nw.25 and auctin huse estimates that the dcument will fetch between $600，000 and $790，000.The auctin，which is titled Age f Wnder，will als include a first editin f On the Origin f Species and a cpy f scientific paper by Darwin and anther naturalist.【語篇解讀】　本文是新聞報道。文章介紹了一份由英國博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文簽名的極其罕見的手稿預(yù)計(jì)將在下個月的蘇富比拍賣會上拍出790 000美元的價格。
1.What d we knw abut the manuscript?
A.It’s a page f On the Origin f ’s a draft f Darwin’s scientific ’s a signed writing sample t an ’s waste paper frm Darwin’s study.解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“But experts nw understand it was signed writing sample frm Darwin.”可知，這份手稿是一份給編輯的簽名寫作樣本。
2.What makes Darwin’s On the Origin f Species the mst influential academic bk?
A.His methds f adventure n the rare thery f evlutin.解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論使達(dá)爾文的《物種起源》成為最有影響力的學(xué)術(shù)著作。
3.What des the underlined phrase “backed up” mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Supprted. D.Created.解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Darwin backed up his thery with evidence a number f species.”可知，達(dá)爾文觀察收集物種標(biāo)本來支持自己的理論。畫線詞是supprt的意思。
4.What is the purpse f the auctin?
A.T put the manuscript n display Darwin’s vte the best academic release a new discvery.解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“An extremely rare manuscript (手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected t fetch up t $790，000 at a Stheby’s auctin next mnth.”可知，拍賣的目的是將手稿出售。
Cral reefs are a necessary part f sea life and supprt it by prviding shelter and habitat t varius rganisms.They als supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a fish ppulatin t bm，alng with ther species，fr a healthy and diverse ecsystem.Hwever，the rise in average water temperature due t climate change has resulted in mre frequent and extended “cral bleaching(珊瑚白化)”events that damage their health，causing fish and ther sea species t abandn them.
In rder t repair this delicate ecsystem，scientists frm the UK and Australia cnducted a study that invlved using speakers underwater near damaged cral reefs t make them sund healthy and attract fish，ptentially starting the natural recvery prcess f cral reefs and their dependent life frms.
The lcatin f this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Cral Sea，fund alngside the east cast f Queensland，Australia，which is famus fr having the largest cral reef system in the wrld that’s 2，300 kilmetres lng and cvers an area f nearly 344，400 square kilmetres.By using ludspeakers t reprduce such sunds，areas f dead cral reefs were fund t attract twice as many fish，cmpared t places where n sunds were played.These returning fish culd help in the recvery f this ecsystem by giving thse areas f cral a chance f new life.
“Fish are imprtant fr cral reefs t functin as healthy ecsystems. Increasing fish ppulatins in this way culd help t start the natural recvery prcess，reducing the damage we’re seeing n many cral reefs arund the wrld.Of curse，attracting fish t a dead cral reef wn’t bring it back t life autmatically，but the recvery prcess relies n fish that clean the cral reef t make space fr cral t regrw，”said Mark Meekan.【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。珊瑚礁是海洋生物的必要組成部分。然而，氣候變化造成了珊瑚白化?？茖W(xué)家們進(jìn)行了研究，在水下使用揚(yáng)聲器來吸引魚群，以幫助恢復(fù)受損的珊瑚礁。
5.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A.The imprtance f cral influence f climate perfect place fr sea ecsystem’s diversity and cmplexity.解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，珊瑚礁是海洋生物的必要組成部分，不但為各種海洋生物提供住所和棲息地，還提供和回收利用營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，使魚類種群與其他物種一起繁榮發(fā)展，形成一個健康和多樣化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。由此可推知，本段主要講述了珊瑚礁的重要性。
6.What’s the purpse f using speakers underwater?
A.T make fish mre test damaged cral help recver the help speed the grwth f cral reefs.解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，為了修復(fù)珊瑚礁這一脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，科學(xué)家們在水下使用了揚(yáng)聲器。
7.Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the experiment?
A.It wasn’t carried ut in the largest cral reef drew much public has brught dead cral reefs back t ludspeakers were helpful in attracting fish.解析　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“By using n sunds were played.”可知，與沒有播放聲音的地方相比，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中用揚(yáng)聲器產(chǎn)生的聲音為死去的珊瑚礁吸引了兩倍多的魚。
8.What is Mark Meekan’s attitude twards the use f speakers?
A.Dubtful. D.Indifferent.解析　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段Mark Meekan說的話可知，揚(yáng)聲器可以吸引魚群，魚群雖然不會使死珊瑚礁自動復(fù)活，但其恢復(fù)過程依賴魚來清潔珊瑚礁，以給珊瑚重新生長的空間，由此可推知，Mark Meekan對使用揚(yáng)聲器持肯定的態(tài)度。
(2024·山東濰坊一中模擬預(yù)測)This 3－mile stretch f sand and tide pls beneath a castle f 80－ft cliffs is a Califrnia turism pster if there ever was ne.Nthing disturbs the perfect，sunny view，except—nce yu’re aware f them—micrplastic particles (顆粒).But yu have t lk clse—n－yur－h(huán)ands－and－knees clse—t see ne.And nce yu d，yu see anther and anther—s many that yu may nt think f this，r any beach，the same way again.These tiny preprductin plastic balls that manufacturers (生產(chǎn)商) melt dwn t frm everything have been escaping factries，cntainer ships，trains，trucks—and public ntice—fr decades.
The 2－t 3－millimeter，multiclred balls are a subset (子集) f micrplastic－plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size.Micrplastic particles accumulate where water takes them，and they’ve been fund n shrelines f every cntinent.
Dr McReynlds is an envirnmental scientist wh’s nw jined a glbal mvement studying their trail int the envirnment.Establishing a baseline cunt f the presence f micrplastic particles—and，mre bradly，any micrplastics—is the fcus f Dr McReynlds’ scientific study here.Charting the cunt，nting tide，current，and weather cnditins will shw if amunts are increasing，and perhaps at what rate and why.That knwledge，he says，can infrm slutins t plastic pllutin such as regulatin f their use.
“What are yu ding? Picking up trash？” asks a steady stream f beach walkers whenever Dr McReynlds’ crew walks nt the beach and sets up equipment.These are teachable mments fr Dr McReynlds.One recent mrning he tld sme beach walkers hw micrplastic particles are believed t absrb txic chemicals，and—because they resemble fish eggs—are eaten by fish and birds and enter the fd chain.Almst right n time，a seagull hpped up t a plastic－cated pht f micrplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it.
Will his wrk help save the wrld? Dr McReynlds waves a finger at that idea，“I wn’t ever use that wrd—I wn’t save the wrld frm this pllutin prblem.Preserve it，yes.We want t take care f it.”【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一位環(huán)境科學(xué)家研究微塑料顆粒在海灘上造成塑料污染問題的情況，希望能解決這個問題，保護(hù)地球。
9.What d we knw abut micrplastic particles frm paragraph 1?
A.They are t small t be have been ignred fr are prducts f plastic can be made int almst everything.解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“These tiny preprductin plastic balls that manufacturers (生產(chǎn)商) melt public ntice—fr decades.”可推知，人們長期以來一直忽視這種微塑料顆粒的存在。
10.What des Dr McReynlds fcus n in his study?
A.Classifying plastic particles int slutins t plastic the tides and currents f a data cllectin fr micrplastics.解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Establishing a baseline cunt f the presence f micrplastic the fcus f Dr McReynlds’ scientific study here.”可知，在研究中，他主要是建立一個微塑料顆粒存在的基線計(jì)數(shù)，這是他的研究重點(diǎn)。
11.What des a seagull’s pecking at the picture prve?
A.The interesting teachable spread f pisnus harmful effect f micrplastic beauty f the pht f micrplastic particles.解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“One recent mrning he tld sme beach plastic－cated pht f micrplastic particles and hungrily pecked (啄食) at it.”可知，塑料微粒會吸收有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)，被魚或鳥吃掉，然后進(jìn)入食物鏈。當(dāng)他正在講解這種微塑料的危害的時候，正好一只海鷗飛向照片，并且用嘴啄起來，這說明了這種微塑料的危害性。
12.What des Dr McReynlds expect f his wrk?
A.T save the prtect the educate the prvide slutins.解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Will his wrk help save the wrld？ want t take care f it.’”可知，這位科學(xué)家希望能夠保護(hù)地球。
Ⅱ.七選五(2024·山西統(tǒng)考)Yu’ve prbably heard f a hybrid(雜交物種) in films r bks.The centaurs in the Harry Ptter films are hybrids f human and hrse.__1__ Hybridizatin ccurs in bth plants and animals.__2__ What’s mre，many plants that peple eat，frm strawberries t carrts，crn and ptates，have been created by hybridizatin.
Crss－breeding(雜交) smetimes ccurs when animals’ nrmal territry verlaps(部分重疊).__3__ The grlar bear is a hybrid that happens when grizzly and plar bears mate.As the envirnment warms，grizzlies in Alaska and Canada wander further nrth，bringing them int cntact with plar bears.
Artificial mixing ften happens in zs，where different species that dn’t nrmally meet in the wild can be intrduced t each ther.Ligers(lin and tiger hybrids)are unlikely t ccur in nature，because the nly place that their habitats verlap is the Gir Frest in India.__4__ Mixed species are mre likely t be brn with health issues than ther animals.Mst hybrids brn in zs are infertile，which means they are unable t have babies.Hwever，many crss－breeds brn in the wild，like the grlar bear，can have their wn babies.__5__ “It’s part f the evlutinary prcess，” he says.Fertile hybrids can lead t the creatin f a new species and increase the variety f living things.
A.Wildlife cnservatin is f yu knw hybridizatin is a bilgical prcess?C.That’s due t habitat destructin r changing yu knw that hybrids appear in the natural wrld，t?E.Jimmy believes species hybridizatin in nature is a gd cnservatinists think that creating hybrids is a bad things，especially plants，will naturally hybridize in the wild.
【語篇解讀】　本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了動植物的雜交并且舉例說明其發(fā)生條件以及結(jié)果。1.D　[根據(jù)上文“你可能在電影或書中聽說過雜交物種?！豆げㄌ亍废盗须娪爸械陌肴税腭R怪物是人和馬的雜交物種?！币约跋挛摹半s交在動植物中都有發(fā)生?！笨芍站淦鹬猩蠁⑾碌淖饔茫?lián)起影視、文藝作品與現(xiàn)實(shí)，D項(xiàng)“你知道自然世界里也有雜交物種嗎？”符合語境。]
2.G　[根據(jù)上文“雜交在動植物中都有發(fā)生?！币约跋挛摹案匾氖?，人們吃的許多植物，從草莓到胡蘿卜、玉米和土豆，都是通過雜交培育出來的?！笨芍?，本段主要談?wù)撝参锏碾s交，表示承接與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)“生物，尤其是植物，會在野外自然雜交。”中“especially plants”與上下文有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，符合語境。]3.C　[根據(jù)上文“雜交有時發(fā)生在動物的正常領(lǐng)地重疊的時候。”以及下文“北極灰熊是灰熊和北極熊交配后的雜交后代。”可知，C項(xiàng)“這是由于棲息地破壞或氣候變化?！敝小癟hat’s due t”指代上文“Crss－breeding(雜交)smetimes ccurs”的發(fā)生條件，下文舉例說明提及重疊的原因，符合語境。]
4.F　[根據(jù)上文“獅虎(獅子和老虎的雜交物種)在自然界中不太可能出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊臈⒌匚ㄒ恢丿B的地方是印度的吉爾森林?！币约跋挛摹芭c其他動物相比，雜交物種出生時更有可能出現(xiàn)健康問題?！笨芍現(xiàn)項(xiàng)“許多環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造雜交物種是一件壞事?！敝小癮 bad thing”與下文“health issues”有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，可推斷此處是對雜交的消極看法，符合語境。]5.E　[根據(jù)段落結(jié)構(gòu)以及下文“ 他說：‘這是進(jìn)化過程的一部分?！捎碾s交可以導(dǎo)致新物種的產(chǎn)生，并增加生物的種類?！笨芍颂幨欠e極的態(tài)度和看法，E項(xiàng)“吉米相信自然界中的物種雜交是一件好事?！敝小癮 gd thing”與下文的“l(fā)ead t the creatin”以及“increase the variety”形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系，符合語境。]

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