定義：過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式, 它具有動詞的一些特點(diǎn)，同時也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能，表示完成和被動的動作。它在句中可充當(dāng)狀語、定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。用法：過去分詞作狀語時, 其邏輯主語是主句的主語,且與主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語可表時間、原因、讓步、 結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨等。
-ed as adverbial
Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage andanswer the questins.
a. Disappinted by his behaviur, I said all this t my best friend.b. Apprached in this way, yur friendship will sn be repaired.
1. Wh was disappinted in sentence (a)? What isapprached in sentence (b)?2. Why des the authr use -ed instead f -ing here?
Grammar: -ed as adverbial
Lk at the sentences frm the interview and answer the questins.
“I” was disappinted in sentence (a).“Yur friendship” is apprached in sentence (b).
1. Wh was disappinted in sentence (a)? What isapprached in sentence (b)?
2. Why des the authr use -ed instead f -ing here?
Because -ing is used when the actin is dne by the subject f the sentence, while -ed is used when the actin is dne t the subject f the sentence. Here, bth “disappint” and “apprach” are actins dne t the subjects.
Cmpare them with the fllwing sentences and answer the questins.
c. Because I was disappinted by his behaviur, I said all this t my best friend.d. If it is apprached in this way, yur friendship willsn be repaired.
3. What is the difference between the tw grups fsentences?4. Why des the authr chse t use -ed instead f anadverbial clause in the reading passage?
3. What is the difference between the tw grups fsentences?
Sentences (a) and (b) cntain -ed as adverbial while sentences (c) and (d) cntain adverbial clauses.
4. Why des the authr chse t use -ed instead f anadverbial clause in the reading passage?
Because -ed makes the sentences shrter and sund mre frmal as written language.
動詞-ed形式是一種動詞的非謂語形式，它具有動詞的一些特點(diǎn)，同時也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能，在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等，一般表示完成或被動的意思。
①表示時間動詞-ed 形式作狀語可表示時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。
例如:Asked why he did it, the mnitr said it was his duty.
=When he was asked why he did it, the mnitr said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問及這件事時，班長說這是他的職責(zé)。
②表示原因動詞-ed 形式作狀語可表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。
例如:Mved by the heric deeds, the children culdn’t help crying.
=Since they were mved by the heric deeds, the children culdn’t help crying. 孩子們被英雄事跡感動，情不自禁地哭了起來。
③表示條件動詞-ed 形式作狀語可表示條件，相當(dāng)與一個條件狀語從句。
例如:Heated, water changes int steam.
= If water is heated, it (water) changes int steam. 水經(jīng)過加熱就變成了蒸汽。
④表示讓步動詞-ed 形式作狀語可表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個thugh / althugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
例如:Exhausted by the running, they went n running after the rbber.
= Althugh they were exhausted by the running, they went n running after the rbber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強(qiáng)盜。
Rewrite the underlined sentences with the -ed frm.
Last week, attracted by a particular article in a magazine, Anne bught it.
Praised in class, Anne felt happy as well as ashamed.
Shcked by the decisin, Anne did nt knwwhat t d.
Read the plt summary and chse the crrect frm f the wrds.
Inside Out is an animated film abut the five emtins f a girl called Riley: Jy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust and Anger. Influencing / Influenced mainly by Jy, mst f Riley’s memries are happy nes.
Believing / Believed that she is Riley’s mst imprtant emtin, Jy always tries t take the lead. Preventing / Prevented frm playing her rle in Riley’s emtinal develpment, Sadness feels annyed. When Riley mves t a new city, she has a hard time adjusting t her new surrundings.
Sadness wants t d her duty but by accident causes the lss f Riley’s happy cre memries with Jy. Nw separating / separated frm her friends and her belved hckey team, Riley starts t feel lst and helpless, and wants t run away frm her parents and new schl.
Eventually, realising / realised that every emtin has a rle, Jy understands it is kay fr Riley t feel sad smetimes. Accepting sadness as part f life helps Riley deal with the emtinal cmplexity f grwing up, and settle dwn in her new life.
Vcabulary building
Vcabulary building: Interpersnal relatinships
Read the tips and underline the wrds that describe behaviur twards thers.
Sme ther tips fr happy and healthy relatinships
1) It’s a gd idea t be generus with thers. This can help create a lasting friendship.2) Try t cmmunicate penly with yur friends. Dn’t always keep things t yurself.3) It’s imprtant t laugh. Smiling and laughing will make yu and thers feel better.
Describe the situatins with the wrds yu underlined in the abve Activity.
1. I’m really srry. I didn’t mean it. __________2. Yu’re s selfish! __________3. I knw yu’re srry. It’s OK. Dn’t wrry abutit. __________4. I can tell he is nt easy t get alng with. __________5. I dn’t want t wait fr him all the time. __________6. My pet parrt flew away with my hmewrk. ______
Wrk in pairs. Discuss what yu wuld react in the fllwing situatins and explain yur reasns.
1. Yu frgt yur best friend’s birthday, and yu feel bad abut it.2. Yur neighbur always makes a lt f nise late at night. Yu cannt stand it.3. Yur classmate brrwed a bk frm yu and lst it.4. Yur friends have asked yu t watch a bxing match with them, but yu dn’t like bxing.
Wrk in pairs. Chse a situatin and discuss what yu wuld react and explain yur reasns.
Listening & speaking
Listening & speaking: Befre listening
Emtinal qutient (EQ), r emtinal intelligence qutient, is a measurement f the ability t recgnise ne’s wn and ther peple’s emtins.
It is believed that EQ plays an even mre imprtant rle than IQ (intelligence qutient) in peple’s lives. Being able t say n plitely is ne f the features f emtinal intelligence.
Listening & speaking: While-listening
Listen t three cnversatins and match them t the pictures.
Cnversatin3
Cnversatin 2
Cnversatin 1
Listen again and cmplete the table.
cme t the party
prepare fr the trip
d her prject
Nw talk abut hw the speakers make requests and refusals. Listen again if necessary.
If yu have t say n t a request, yur refusal will sund mre plite if yu begin with a statement f regret, such as I’m srry..., I’d really like t, but... Then explain why yur answer is n, eg I’m really busy right nw. If pssible, suggest an alternative — Hw abut next week？
Listening & speaking: Pair wrk
Wrk in pairs. Act ut the cnversatin abut askingfr a favur and refusing plitely.Student A: Turn t Page 81.Student B: Turn t Page 84.
Culd I... ?Oh yu mean, nt exactly ’m afraid I’d lve t, but I’ n ... That’s t bad.I was just wndering if yu culd ’m srry that it just desn’t feel right. But maybe we can...
Useful Expressins:
V-ed 在句中可充當(dāng)時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀從；
1）Asked what had happened, he kept silent.
2）Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
3）Given mre time, we wuld be able t d the wrk much better.
5）She walked ut f the huse, fllwed by her little daughter.
4）Left alne at hme, the little by didn't feel afraid at all.
V-ed在句中可充當(dāng)伴隨或方式狀語，相當(dāng)于一個并列句；
1 Wh was disappinted in sentence (a)?2 What is apprached in sentence (b)?
Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
3.過去分詞作狀語是主語______的動作, 表______。
思考： 1.diappinted 和 apprached是______分詞；
2.逗號前邊的部分作_______。
3 What is the difference between the tw grups f sentences?
4 Why des the authr chse t use -ed instead f an adverbial clause in the reading passage?
可在過去分詞前加上連詞when, while, until等，說明動作發(fā)生的時間。
① 表示時間,相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句
(When) Seen frm the hill, the village lks mre beautiful. = When it is seen frm the hill, the village lks mre beautiful.
(When) Asked?what had happened, his face turned red. =When he was?asked what had happened, his face turned red. 被問到發(fā)生了什么，他的臉變紅了。
從山頂上看，村莊看起來很美。
② 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。
Exhausted, she fell fast asleep. = Because she was exhausted, she fell fast asleep. 因?yàn)樘哿?，她很快就睡著了。Cnfused by the stnes flying at them frm all sides, the bys ran int the building. = Because they were cnfused by the stnes flying at them frm all sides, the bys ran int the building. 孩子們被從四面八方朝他們飛來的石頭弄糊涂了，于是他們跑進(jìn)了那 幢大樓里。
③ 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。
(If) Given a time machine, I will pay a visit t the future. = If I am given a time machine, I will pay a visit t the future.
Given mre time and supprt, we culd have dne it better. = If we were given mre time and supprt, we culd have dne it better. 如果當(dāng)時給我們更多的時間和支持，我們會做得更好。
如果給我一臺時光機(jī)，我會去未來看看。
可在過去分詞前加上連詞if, unless轉(zhuǎn)換為條件狀語從句。
④ 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh, 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
(Althugh) Defeated by his ppnent, he never gave up hpe. = Althugh he was defeated by his ppnent, he never gave up hpe.
即使被對手打敗了，他也不放棄希望。
Attacked many times, the residents in Lndn didn’t give in. = Althugh they were attacked many times, the residents in Lndn didn’t give in.
即使遭到多次襲擊，倫敦居民也沒有屈服。
The girl left, fllwed by a little dg. =The girl left, and she was fllwed by a little dg.
過去分詞作方式、伴隨狀語，相當(dāng)于and連接的并列分句。
女孩離開了，后面跟著一只小狗。
Fllwed by his wlf dg, the hunter walked slwly in the frest. = The hunter walked slwly in the frest and his wlf dg fllwed him.
獵人在森林里慢慢地走著，身后跟著他的狼狗。
⑥ 表結(jié)果（相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句）
He failed in the cmpetitin, blamed by his cmpanins. = He failed in the cmpetitin, s that he was blamed by his cmpanins.
他在比賽中失敗了。被他的同伴們指責(zé)。
If we are given anther time, we will get better grades.
=(If ) Given anther time,…
去掉或保留_______;去掉______；去掉______。
狀語從句如何改為過去分詞作狀語？
過去分詞作狀語時，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞：when, thugh, althugh, as if, as thugh, if, unless, until, nce等。
(When) Asked?what had happened, his face turned red.
(If) Given a time machine, I will pay a visit t the future.
(Althugh) Defeated by his ppnent, he never gave up hpe.
Unless invited, I wn’t attend the ball.
過去分詞所表示的動作，必須是邏輯主語所承受的和完成的動作。
Written in a hurry, this article was nt s gd.
因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。
Fllwing the ld man, we went upstairs.=We fllwed the ld man and went upstairs.Fllwed by the ld man, we went upstairs.=We went upstairs and we were fllwed by the ld man.
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致，且是主動關(guān)系。
過去分詞做狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致，且是被動關(guān)系。
____frm the tp, the stadium lks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen____ frm the space, the astrnaut can nt discver the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen
注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。
1. __________ (cmpare) Shanghai with Xi'an, we fund Shanghai is larger.2. _________ (cmpare) with Xi'an, Shanghai is larger.3. ______ (lse) himself in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.4. ____ (lse) in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
有些過去分詞已用作形容詞，常用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動動作而表狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated (坐), hidden (躲), absrbed in (沉溺于), brn (出生), dressed in (穿著), tired f (厭煩), determined (保持決心)等。
Determined t g t a tp university, he wrks hard n his study every day. 下定了決心要考上好大學(xué)，他每天刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。
Tired f the city life, she desired t live in peace in the cuntry. 倦了城市的生活，她渴望在鄉(xiāng)下平靜的生活。
分詞作狀語時，否定形式為：否定詞放在分詞的前面。即 Nt/Never/Hardly + --ed/--ing
Nt asked, he tld it t them. 雖沒人問，他卻跟他們說了那件事。
Althugh nt invited, he went t the party alne.雖然沒被邀請，但是他還是獨(dú)自去了派對。
be satisfied with 對...滿意
enter ... int 參加
Shcked by the decisin, Anne did nt knw what t d.
lk dwn n 看不起
Read the plt summary and Chse the crrect frm f the wrds.
Watch the trailer: Inside ut
Backgrund Infrmatin: Inside ut
小女孩萊莉從小在父母的呵護(hù)下長大，腦海中保存著無數(shù)美好甜蜜的回憶。當(dāng)然這些記憶還與幾個萊莉未曾謀面的伙伴息息相關(guān)，他們就是人類的五種主要情緒：樂樂、怒怒、憂憂、厭厭和怕怕。某天，萊莉隨父母搬到了臟亂的公寓、陌生的校園、逐漸失落的友情都讓萊莉無所適從，她的負(fù)面情緒逐漸累積，內(nèi)心美好的世界漸次崩塌。為了保護(hù)這一切，樂樂只有行動……
animated 動畫的
take the lead 帶頭
surrundings 周圍環(huán)境
adjust t 適應(yīng)
Sadness wants t d her duty but by accident causes the lss f Riley’s happy cre memries with Jy. Nw separating / separated frm her friends and her belved hckey team, Riley starts t feel lst and helpless, and wants t run away frmher parents and new schl.
run away frm 逃離
hckey team 曲棍球隊
be separated frm 與...分離
the lss f ...的損失
by accident 偶然的
settled dwn 安下心來
If __________ (cnnect) t the campus netwrk, yu can get t it directly frm yur cmputer.The flwers __________ (smell) sweet in the garden attract many visitrs.When first __________ (intrduce) t the market, these prducts enjyed a great success.With trees, flwers and grass __________ (plant) everywhere, my hmetwn has taken n a new lk.Once ______ (ask) abut her father, the girl will burst ut crying.
When __________ (cmplete), the museum will be pen t the public next year.Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries, _________ (make) it the mst ppular sprts in the wrld.__________ (suffer) frm heart truble fr years, prfessr White has t take sme medicine with him everywhere he ges.Unless _______ (invite) t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference.

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