高考頻度:★★★★★
考向一、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):
主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have(has) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞
否定句:have/has后加nt, haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑問句:have/has提前
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:
(1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響,常與yet,already,just,befre,lately等時(shí)間狀語連用。
—Have yu had yur lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎?
—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)
I have already psted the phts. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。(這些照片已不在我這里了。)
(2)過去發(fā)生的事情,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(其謂語動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞)。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。
I’ve knwn Li Lei fr three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。
They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。
She has taught us since I came t this schl. 自從我來這所學(xué)校,她就教我。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語連用:
(1)用于"過去發(fā)生的事,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果"的時(shí)間狀語有:
(2)用于"過去發(fā)生的事,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在"的時(shí)間狀語有:
fr + 時(shí)間段 fr tw years
since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since 2008
since then
since he came here
s far 目前;迄今為止
up t nw=till nw=by nw 到現(xiàn)在為止;直到現(xiàn)在
all the time 總是;一直
recently/lately 最近
these days 近幾天
by the end f...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end f this mnth/year 到本月/年末
during /ver the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中
in the last /past days/ mnths/ years 在過去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中
(3)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。
I will nt believe yu unless I have seen it with my wn eyes.
I will g with yu as sn as I have finished my wrk.
(4)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
I haven’t received his letter fr almst a mnth.
(5)since與fr用法比較
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型
(1)That/This/It is the first (secnd, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。
It is the third time that the by has been late. 這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。
(2)"That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞 + (that)從句"中,that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。
(3)在"It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since ... "句型中,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。
It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。
It’s / It has been 3 mnths since the man died. 那人死去3個(gè)月了。
(4)一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
Tw years has passed since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。
【疑難辨析】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,所以它不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ag, in 2004 等。
而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系,它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.(只說明上星期看了這部電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)
1.(2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)China’s high-speed railways _________ frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmeters in the past few years.
A. are grwing B. have grwn C. will grw D. had grwn
【答案】B
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過去的幾年里,中國的高速鐵路已經(jīng)從9,000公里增長(zhǎng)到25,000公里。該句時(shí)間狀語為in the past few years。中國高速鐵路的增長(zhǎng)是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況,故該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.(2016·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)I ____________ half f the English nvel, and I’ll try t finish it at the weekend.
A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will read
【答案】 B
3. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making
【答案】A
考向二、 過去完成時(shí)
1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定句:主語 + had + 過去分詞 + 其他.
否定句:主語 + had + nt + 過去分詞 + 其他.
一般疑問句:Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組 + 一般疑問句(Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他)?
2. 基本用法
(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即"過去的過去"??梢杂胋y,befre等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句)來表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。
By nine ’clck last night, we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。
(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和fr,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I had been at the bus stp fr 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候,我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。
He said he had wrked in that factry since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。
(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后,反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過去完成時(shí)。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a gd friend f mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
I didn’t knw a thing abut the verbs, fr I had nt studied my lessn. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無所知,因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。
(4)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述的是過去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。
I returned the bk that I had brrwed. 我已歸還了我借的書。
She fund the key that she had lst. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。
(5)過去完成時(shí)常常用在tld,said,knew,heard,thught等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。
He said that he had knwn her well. 他說他很熟悉她。
I thught I had sent the letter a week befre. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)狀語從句:在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在前,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。
如when,befre,after,as sn as,till/until引導(dǎo)的從句。
When I wke up, it had already stpped raining. 我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。
She didn’t g t bed until she had finished her wrk. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。
注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過去完成時(shí),特別是在包含befre和after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。
After he arrived in England, Marx wrked hard t imprve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語水平。
(7)動(dòng)詞think,want,hpe,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。
They had wanted t help but culd nt get there in time. 他們本來打算去幫忙,但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。
We had hped t be able t cme and see yu. 我們本來希望能來看看你。
(8)過去完成時(shí)還可用在,n sner... than...,It was the first (secnd, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。
N sner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been ut f wrk that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
3. 過去完成時(shí)的語法判定
(1)由時(shí)間狀語來判定
一般說來,各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有:
= 1 \* GB3 ①by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
I had finished reading the nvel by nine ’clck last night.
= 2 \* GB3 ②by the end f + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
We had learned ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.
= 3 \* GB3 ③befre + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
They had planted six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.
(2)由"過去的過去"來判定
過去完成時(shí)表示"過去的過去",是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
= 1 \* GB3 ①賓語從句中
當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí)。如tld,said,knew,heard,thught等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
She said that she had seen the film befre.
= 2 \* GB3 ②狀語從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。
After he had finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.
注意:befre,after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,由于 befre 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。
After he clsed the dr, he left the classrm.
= 3 \* GB3 ③表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本……,未能……"。
We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn’t.
(3)根據(jù)上、下文來判定
I met Wang Ta in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each ther since he went t Beijing.
【巧學(xué)妙記】
1. (2018·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空) If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. wuld catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話,現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知,從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故用had + v-ed。故選A。
2.(2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
3.(2016·浙江卷·單項(xiàng)填空)Silk __________ ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BC.
A. had becme B. was becming
C. has becme D.is becming
【答案】A
【解析】句意:到公元前100年為止,絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。時(shí)間狀語是by+過去時(shí)間,謂語用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。
考向二、將來完成時(shí)
1. 將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:"will/shall + have + 過去分詞"。
Hpefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。
Only five shrt years later, yur mney will have grwn by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后,你的錢就會(huì)增多 94,000 美元。
He will have been heartened by the telephne pinin pll published yesterday. 他會(huì)為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。
2. 將來完成的用法
(1)表示"將來完成":即表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作。
When we get there, she’ll have gne t wrk. 我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已經(jīng)上班去了。
I expect yu will have changed yur mind by tmrrw. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。
(2)表示"持續(xù)":即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時(shí)間。
We will have been married a year n June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been wrking fr this cmpany fr 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。
(3)表示"推測(cè):即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測(cè)。
That will have been Rland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點(diǎn)鐘回來。
There will have been a definite result befre Friday. 星期五以前肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。
1.(2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空) Hpefully in 2025 we will n lnger be e-mailing each ther, fr we _______ mre cnvenient electrnic cmmunicatin tls by then.
A. have develped B. had develped
C. will have develped D. develped
【答案】C
1.It’s reprted that by the end f the mnth, the utput f cement in the factry___________by abut 10%.
A.will have risenB.will be rising
C.has risenD.has been rising
【答案】A
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語"by the end f the mnth"可知此處表示在將來某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,因此用將來完成時(shí)。
2.Yu needn’t hurry her. It___________by her by the time yu are ready.
A.will have been finishingB.has finished
C.will have been finishedD.will be finished
【答案】C
題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
單項(xiàng)填空
1. I ________ half f the English nvel, and I’ll try t finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read
C. am reading D. will read
2. Nwadays a strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: shuld yu help an elderly persn wh ____________ int the street?
A. is fallingB. has fallenC. had fallenD. was falling
3. —Did yu have difficulty finding Ann' huse?
—Nt really. She________ us clear directins and we were able t find it easily?
A. was t give B. had given
C. was giving D. wuld give
4. Just as I gt t the schl gate, I realised I ________ my bank in the cafe.
A. have leftB. had left
C. wuld leaveD. was leaving
5. The reprts went missing in 2012 and nbdy ________ them since.
A. seesB. saw
C. has seen D. had seen
6. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________my mind.
A. have changed B. change
C. had changed D. wuld change
7. Alan Greenspan, nce reprted as a financial gd, had t admit that he ____________ sme serius mistakes.
A. madeB. had made
C. has been makingD. has made
8. James left his hmetwn when he was 16, and he ____________ back there since.
A. wuldn’t beB. hasn’t been
C. hadn’t beenD. wn’t be
9. On the mrning f Octber 12, 1492, Christpher Clumbus and his crew came t the shres f the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they ____________ in Sutheast Asia.
A. arrivedB. had arrived
C. has arrivedD. wuld arrive
10. Since late 2013 when the Chinese gvernment relaxed the family planning plicy, nly 1.5 millin cuples ____________ t have a secnd child.
A. appliedB. had applied
C. wuld applyD. have applied
題組二 能力提升
閱讀下面材料,在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)中單詞的正確形式
Is there such a thing as being "ver-prtective"?
I can hnestly say that my answer t that questin 1 (change) dramatically(戲劇性地)since I became a parent.
Befre the birth f my daughter, I taught at 2 private schl, ften viewing my students as ver-prtected, wrrying 3 wuld happen when they went n t middle schls.
Sme did fine, and sme did nt. Sme needed cnstant pats n the back, wrds f 4 (encurage) and extra supprt, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were cntent n their wn, needing little r n interactin(互動(dòng))with their teacher. 6 fr the mst part, graduates wuld g n fr higher schling.
I’d always suppsed their parents were ver-prtective, fr they were the nes that still walked their 7 (five) graders int the classrm and met them at the schl gate.
Admittedly, I laughed at thse parents, 8 (think) their children wuld never learn t be 9 (independence) if they didn’t let g just a little. Then I had my wn daughter. The mment I lked at her little face, I 10 (knw) I’d d everything in my pwer t prtect her and make sure she always felt safe!
題組三 體驗(yàn)真題
1.(2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空) I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan _______ in the past tw years.
A. had been carried ut B. wuld be carried ut
C. is being carried ut D. has been carried ut
2. (2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh _________ in the muntains fr tw days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
3.(2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空) Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice.
4. (2018·浙江卷·語法填空) While regularly eating ut seems t 61 (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it’s nt withut a cst.
5.(2017·新課標(biāo) = 2 \* ROMAN II卷改編)Arund 100 peple _________(put dwn) a $10,000 depsit t get a Transitin when they g n sale, and thse numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia intrduces the Transitin t the public later this week at the New Yrk Aut Shw.
6. (2017·新課標(biāo) = 2 \* ROMAN II卷改編)It _________(white-paint)tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
7. (2017·新課標(biāo) = 3 \* ROMAN III卷改編)The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University _________(turn) an electric car int a mbile labratry named "DriveLAB" in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
8.(2016·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空) When walking dwn the street, I came acrss David, when I _____ fr years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wuldn’t see
9.(2015·重慶卷·單項(xiàng)填空) In my hmetwn, there is always a harvest supper fr the farmers after all the wheat_________ cut.
A. will have been B. will be
C. was D. has been
題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
單項(xiàng)填空
1.B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半,周末會(huì)盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?!翱葱≌f”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,到目前為止看了一半,故用完成時(shí),故選B。
2. B 【解析】句意:如今中國行人面臨著一種奇怪的、新的困境:該不該幫助摔倒在馬路上的老人?此處指已經(jīng)摔倒在地的老人,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選B。
4.B 【解析】句意:我剛一到學(xué)校門口,就意識(shí)到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that,這里是一個(gè)賓語從句,從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致,“落下”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到”之前,應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí),故選B。
5.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:那些報(bào)告于2012年丟失了,從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since,此處意為:從那以后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選C。
6.A 【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。題干中的but提示:“我”第一次見到布萊恩的時(shí)候不喜歡他,但現(xiàn)在喜歡他。故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),選A。句意:當(dāng)我第一次見布萊恩的時(shí)候我不喜歡他,但我改變想法了。
7. B 【解析】句意:曾經(jīng)被報(bào)道為金融之神的艾倫·格林斯潘不得不承認(rèn)他之前也犯過一些嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作"had t admit"之前,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。
8. B 【解析】句意:詹姆斯在16歲時(shí)離開了家鄉(xiāng),自從那時(shí)他就沒有回來過。A. wuldn’t be 過去將來時(shí);B. hasn’t been現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);C. hadn’t been過去完成時(shí);D. wn’t be 一般將來時(shí)。since是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故選B。
9. B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在1492年10月12的早上,克里斯多弗﹒哥倫布和他的船員來到加勒比海岸,誤認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了東南亞。強(qiáng)調(diào)到達(dá)的動(dòng)作的完成所產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果"mistakenly believing(誤認(rèn)為)",且arrive發(fā)生在過去的過去,要用過去完成時(shí),故選B。
10. D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。自從2013年底中國政府放松了計(jì)劃生育政策,只有150萬夫婦已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)了二孩。since自從……以來,主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),故選D。
題組二 能力提升
【文章大意】作者一直都認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都被父母過度保護(hù),但是在自己的女兒出生以后,他的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化,他愿意做一切自己能做的來保護(hù)孩子。
1.has changed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語since I became a parent,而since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí),主語應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填has changed。
2. a
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:在女兒出生之前,我在一所私立學(xué)校教書。本句中名詞schl(學(xué)校)是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞,前面加a表示泛指。
3. what
【解析】考查賓語從句。本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句"what wuld happen"作動(dòng)詞wrry的賓語,并在句中作主語。
4. encuragement
【解析】考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞f,說明橫線上應(yīng)該使用名詞作賓語,動(dòng)詞encurage的名詞是encuragement。
7. fifth
【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。本句中the fifth graders指五年級(jí)的學(xué)生。很多父母親還陪著五年級(jí)的學(xué)生上學(xué)。
8. thinking
【解析】考查分詞作狀語。本句中動(dòng)詞think與句子主語I之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語。句意:我嘲笑那些父母親,認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無法學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立。
9. independent
【解析】考查形容詞。本句中形容詞independent與be連用構(gòu)成不定式作動(dòng)詞learn的賓語。句意:我嘲笑那些父母親,認(rèn)為他們的孩子永遠(yuǎn)都無法學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立。
10. knew
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的時(shí)間狀語是the mment I lked at her little face,敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以主句中使用一般過時(shí)。
題組三 體驗(yàn)真題
1.A
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:上個(gè)月我被派到村里去看看在過去的兩年里發(fā)展計(jì)劃是如何執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語last mnth和in the past tw years可知用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。
2. D
3.has grwn
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grwn。
4. have becme
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),seems t后用動(dòng)詞原形,故填have becme。
5.【答案】have already put dwn
【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
6.【答案】had white-painted
【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,故用過去完成時(shí)。
7.【答案】have turned
【解析】此處表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
8.C
【解析】句意:當(dāng)沿著街道散步的時(shí)候,我遇見了多年未見的David。根據(jù)語境,“nt see”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在cme acrss之前,是過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用過去完成時(shí)。故選C。
9.D
【解析】句意:在我的家鄉(xiāng),麥子豐收過后農(nóng)民會(huì)有一個(gè)慶祝晚餐。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,才會(huì)舉行慶?;顒?dòng),故選D項(xiàng)。
have(has) gne t,have(has) been t和have(has) been in的區(qū)別
1. have (has) gne t表示"已經(jīng)去某地了",不能與fr+一段時(shí)間連用。
She has gne t Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上,或已到上海,總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)
2. have (has) been t表示"曾經(jīng)去過某地",不能與fr+一段時(shí)間連用。
She has been t Shanghai three times.(她已經(jīng)不在上海,只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)
3. have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地",常與時(shí)間段搭配,指待了很久。
already
用于肯定句,可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前,也可放在句末。
yet
用在疑問句中意為"已經(jīng)",用在否定句中表示"還",常放在句末。
ever
意為"曾經(jīng)",用于疑問句或否定句中,放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。
never
意為"從來都沒有",常和befre連用,多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。
befre
意為"以前",指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間,總是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
用法
例句
since
用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間
I have lived here since I was brn. 我從出生起就住在這里。
My aunt has wrked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個(gè)小診所工作。
fr
用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度
I have lived here fr mre than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。
誤區(qū)提醒
(1)并非有fr 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I wrked here fr mre than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作)
I have wrked here fr many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作)
(2)短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 短暫性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。
He has cmpleted the wrk. (表結(jié)果)
I’’ve knwn him since then.(表經(jīng)歷)
(3)短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……";短暫性動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……才……"
He didn’’t cme back until ten ’’clck. 直到十點(diǎn)鐘他才回來。
He slept until ten ’’clck. 他睡到十點(diǎn)鐘。
過去完成時(shí)記憶口訣
Had 加上"過去分",構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)。
過去完成的意義,也表"完成"或"延續(xù)"。
若有主、從兩個(gè)句,先后動(dòng)作分別敘。
哪個(gè)在先哪"完成",哪個(gè)在后哪"過去"。

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